Latest / SHULCHAN ARUCH YOMI: Own the Halacha in 25 minutes a day! / Yoreh De’ah 252:1-4. Tzedakah, Redeeming Captives: Story of Nesinim; Greatness of Redeeming Captives, ASAP, Not To Overpay, Israeli Hostages

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Yoreh De’ah 252:1-4. Tzedakah, Redeeming Captives: Story of Nesinim; Greatness of Redeeming Captives, ASAP, Not To Overpay, Israeli Hostages · SHULCHAN ARUCH YOMI: Own the Halacha in 25 minutes a day!

• 0:00
  OK, today we are doing pedion Shuim Simon rash nun, but we're
• 0:05
  at least going to start. We'll see if we finish.
• 0:07
  I do want to just go back for one moment, just a couple of
• 0:10
  minutes just to go back because we discussed the Nassin or a
• 0:16
  Nassinim. So we mentioned that they come
• 0:19
  before a regular, a fresh new gear.
• 0:24
  That's really the halacha bin. So binay gehrim, if it's the
• 0:28
  children of gehrim, right, they were born from so then they in
• 0:34
  the order of Sedaka, it's brought down by raba wadhya
• 0:38
  Ubartunura and hamak SE framachna that the since he was
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  from from birth, he comes before a natin.
• 0:49
  They then comes Natin and then when it says Gehr, that means
• 0:52
  they, that person himself converted.
• 0:55
  We kind of mentioned that. Now just to review, I just want
• 1:01
  to share real quick. Nasenium, who are they?
• 1:05
  So these are the it's the story that starts in Seifer Yahshua.
• 1:10
  It's not there is a mention about in Devarian about Kananium
• 1:17
  also by Moshe. Who would compare them to what's
• 1:22
  it called? Khotev Aitzim and Shoaib Mayim?
• 1:26
  But that's not the our story over here.
• 1:28
  Our story is with starts with the Hoshua Peric Tet, the
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  Givonium. They come and they they, it's
• 1:36
  right in the middle of Israel and you'd have a shamon
• 1:39
  somewhere and they pretend that they can't claim from far away
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  outside of Eretz Israel. And so they tricked the Hoshua.
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  They made a breach that they will, that they just want to
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  convert, to be Garrett Sedak and just to be part of the Jewish
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  people. They wanted to spare their
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  lives. They were afraid for their
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  lives, but they lied. And meanwhile, you know Shua
• 2:03
  made a breathe with them, right? So mahokis if if it was done
• 2:08
  under false pretenses, so mahokis if it was binding, since
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  it was done with Sibor or Yoshua wanted to keep it.
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  We needed to keep it because otherwise it would be a hill
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  Hashem. In other words, the etzema, the
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  breed, the Shiva or whatever between them.
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  It wasn't really valid, but it's a mahlokas.
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  Maybe it wasn't valid, but still because of Kiddush Hashem, we
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  honored it. OK, let's Fast forward too.
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  What's it called? So Yoshua in response when he
• 2:43
  found out he was goes there and he made them.
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  That's the derogatory terminology of a Nasin or
• 2:50
  nettinim really they're Givonium, but they recalled
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  Nettinim because they tricked us.
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  And now Yoshua made them, designated them to be those
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  water carriers or the the wood choppers for the base on
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  Migdash. So then Yoshua was Gozer on them
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  that they should have this secondary status and not marry
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  Jewish people starting but only when there was an active based
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  on Migdash or I believe a Mishkan.
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  However, once that's what the Mishkan or Misha Migdash was not
• 3:23
  standing. So the Gemara says oh boy, Subis
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  not known bet maybe or that's your vamos.
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  I anyways, one of the two places it discusses the story and it
• 3:37
  says David Hamela because there was a famine for three years in
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  a row, one three years in a row. And so it was figured out that
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  the main one of the main causes is, I mean one of them was
• 3:50
  Shahul wasn't have a proper head spit.
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  But the other reason was because Shahul did something to hurt or
• 3:59
  to attack the Givonium and the Givonium were upset, very upset.
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  And so, so David Amela had to beg them to forgive Shahul and
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  they were only going to be accept the apology so that the
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  famine should end if they, David hands over 7 descendants from
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  Shahul, which he does, he spares his best friend Yehonatan's son
• 4:27
  Matthew Boshev, but he hands over 7 other descendants and
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  they are killed and hung in public.
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  And it was a very sad time. But the the famine ended and
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  what did Shahul do? So that is actually, it doesn't
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  say in Tanakh and it's a question among the Gomar and the
• 4:45
  Shah and then the Farshim what actually happened.
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  So the Gomar, it seems like he Shahul killed them or some of
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  them, obviously not all of them, they are still there.
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  So one shot is from the Gomar. They did.
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  He didn't actually kill the Givanim directly.
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  It was an indirect blow to the Givonium because the Givonium
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  were there to serve and they worked for the Ear Kohanim Nov
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  Nov protected David. So Shaul wiped out the city and
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  when they did that they all lost their parnassa and it was very
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  difficult for the Givonium. So that's one shot.
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  Another shot is there were 7 Givonium there among the city
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  and therefore when he came when Shahul came to kill the Kohanimi
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  also killed 7 the same 7 number of the Givonium.
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  Another shot is he believed that the Givonium reneged on the
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  breed between Yahushua and they were saving their an accomplice
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  to save Davida Melek. So he went after them and tried
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  to wipe them out. We're used to hearing now the
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  word genocide and ethnic cleansing, but some say that's
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  what David was doing in response to saving.
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  It was here that they're more of a malchus for saving for hiding
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  David. So anyways, those are the
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  possibilities of what actually happened.
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  That shuttle shuttle was the one who did the to kill them in the
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  Givony correct? So that's OK, that's that and
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  just one thing I wanted to point out.
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  Fine, no, that's it. Let's go on, let's go on Simon
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  Reish Anunbet, let's do pedion shivuyam the Kate sat podium
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  with Tom Olive Pedion shivuyam Kodem Le Parnasat anime.
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  So in the hierarchy, the greatest of one of the greatest
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  of all Sedakas here I'll point out the greatest of all hatsal
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  Sedakas is Hatsalas Natasha saving lives.
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  Then comes giving an honey who's starving and is might starving
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  of might starve to death. And I believe it's the IT would
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  be on the third level would be Pidion Chvuin.
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  But I, I charge you with the task of making a list of top to
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  bottom of hierarchy, who to give first.
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  I mean, keeping Yukas out and crow him out, that's like a
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  whole separate equation. But just the hierarchy, what's
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  most important, what kind of an ANI, what kind of a for this,
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  for that. And you can let me know what you
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  have. So anyways, here we're saying
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  Pidion Schwilliam comes before ANI Sultan, and it comes before
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  giving them clothing vein mitzvah gadola ke pedion shuyim.
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  There's no great mitzvah like pedion shuvuyim.
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  OK, so here the Shah, the Taz, they say you could sell a that
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  this Trump's Sipratara perhaps by a bit Knesset as well.
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  That's a whole question by a bit Knesset.
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  We're going to actually talk about that in a moment.
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  OK, let's keep going Mitzvah whatever cause the Gabe Sedaka
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  collect the Sedaka for you can take that money from that fund
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  Sedaka fund and directed towards Pidion Shui Philly in gobblets
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  are Binion beta Knesset. Even if it was for building the
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  beta Knesset, beta Knesset. You mentioned the word beta
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  migdash. So in the end, the last GRA in
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  the end of Raishin and Olive, I believe he's saying you can take
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  from Koche Vera Kabait from Malakim for Uma Saolam Kochikane
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  Sidaka and I would say Kochikane for Pedion Shuvoim.
• 9:22
  OK, so good point. OK, so here we have I have I
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  have bikinasit, I don't know. OK, so here we so here we see
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  it's even greater Vapili in Kanoa, it's in Vavania
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  Bikumatara Kabinion. You set them aside.
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  You bought the stones, you bought whatever, whatever you
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  bought the cement, the wood that you need for it.
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  Shazur one second. I feel that you already bought
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  it. Shazur le mochrom misukharit
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  mutter le mochromatzara pediona bin.
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  So normally when you buy the material for a bait Knesset, you
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  can't use it for something else, but you could use it for pedion
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  Shui Aval in Bina O Kavar Lo in Kiroto.
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  But if it's already a built bait Knesset, you don't sell a built
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  bait Knesset. The taz compares it to like a
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  house. We do sell a lot of things and
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  we give Sedaka for Pidyon and shuyam, but we don't sell our
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  houses for Pidyon and shuyam. We don't sell a bait Knesset for
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  Pidyon and Shuyam. There are there are certain
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  limits. OK, Hugga umik.
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  Yeah, Umiko macom. I know their seller leads Dhaka.
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  If a person says he makes an A nedder, he's going to give
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  sedaka. So then aim pedion shuyim
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  biklal. So that's Sedaka that a person
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  makes a nedder can't go to pedion Shuyim because it already
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  belongs. It's based on Lushan Binay Adam
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  and Lushan Binay Adam. When they say Stam Sidaka,
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  they're not they do not have a mind pedyon shuyim.
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  So it goes towards whatever the Sidaka he had in mind for or if
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  it's the the gabayim, they can decide what to use it for.
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  So therefore the Ain lift out Bissella Zurak midad Binaya
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  here. So he can't now take back his
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  pledge and say I'm going to use that money and give it to Pedyon
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  Shuyim. But he, he already, he owes it
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  to the Gabite Sidaka who he promised it to.
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  He didn't give it yet, but he still can't take it back.
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  But the Gabite Sidaka are a Tuvia year.
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  Whoever is in charge, they can and perhaps should or if they
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  can take that money and use it for Pedion Chuyen because they
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  have a right to move it from one to another, right?
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  Because it is in the hierarchy, it is high up.
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  But he himself doesn't have that right.
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  Because he gave it over to them and now it's up to their
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  discretion. It's not his anymore to choose.
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  OK, exactly. OK, Beth Mali may not be Pidion
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  Shui. A person who closes his eyes
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  from Pidion Shui. He knows that someone needs to
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  get out. He knows that he can save him.
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  But he closes his eyes. He ignores it over a lot of
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  Ahmeds ET lava do not close, do not have close your heart
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  something like that. A strong heart against other
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  people. Don't close your hand.
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  The AL and you also are over. Don't stand on your friend's
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  blood, The AL and you're also over.
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  Lawyer Daniel Paraklee naka mubat al mitzvahed patoa tifta
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  kadyad khalo and you are also over.
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  You're not fulfilling the mitzvahs ase of opening up your
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  hand to help your your brother should live with you.
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  You have to help him. You have to live here and you're
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  you're skipping over and this, this mitzvah of loving your
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  neighbor vahadsel, the kukim lamavit.
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  And and to save your people taken away to death, you have to
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  what that's that's from, that's from Michela, that last one, the
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  harabet devarian kaelo and many such words you can find in
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  Tanakh. And that's OK.
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  Yeah. Gilmo ko rega shamir ahir leaf
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  dot Ashwin. And so the the Sholkanar
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  continues on his master. I mean, it's halakhala, it's
• 13:54
  basa Kalaka. But when you're able to save
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  them and you're delaying just to delay every moment and every
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  second, every moment, eka de abshar lahaktim, when you could
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  have redeemed him earlier, have khilu chaufek dunmim.
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  It's as if you are a murderer, Thalid Ayn.
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  I'm sure we've all heard this before.
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  It's a famous halacha. Ayn Podin ashwulian yoter
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  mikhadeh de Mayhem. One shall not overpay an order
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  when when redeeming a a Chevy, a captive, A hostage.
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  Now be there, right? So there is no such limit.
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  There may or may not be. In the spirit of the law,
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  probably there is. But that is, there is no
• 14:40
  specific halacha where there's a limit.
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  But Khazal gave one it's a takana MI pine tikkuna olam in
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  order for the for society, in order.
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  We're going to explain in a moment.
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  Shiloh, you are OEM Osrium Atma Malaya mlishvotam so that the
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  goyim don't try too hard and exert themselves in order to
• 15:04
  keep on capturing more, more, more, more captives, Jewish
• 15:09
  captives in particular. And if you pay them more now,
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  what is more? So it's either.
• 15:14
  So there's a couple different shatim and probably one could be
• 15:18
  make go and pay the most, but there are I'll just raise there
• 15:22
  are a couple few different opinions.
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  What is your ptermium? Either the price of a slave in
• 15:27
  Kalmesh or the price of a non Jew.
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  How much would a non Jew pay a ransom and more than that for a
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  Jewish that's captive. That's called eutermidemium,
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  obviously. Exactly.
• 15:43
  You know $1.00 more is not called more.
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  Where do you anyway? Shiko Adas what's more, and some
• 15:49
  say it's also based on how much that person is worth In others.
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  It could be more than a glide. It could be an important Jew.
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  A Jew is worth more maybe than a glide.
• 15:58
  I'm on video here or tape, but whatever.
• 16:01
  Whatever is Lefie the person we deem is worth then then that is,
• 16:09
  you know, based on who he is. So that is the limit of all
• 16:13
  right. Not 100% clear of all Adam
• 16:16
  Yaakov lifted atsma beko mashi hertzib.
• 16:19
  A person is allowed to pay as much as he wants if it's
• 16:23
  redeeming himself, not others. Mashma, even family members
• 16:29
  vahain. Now I'll just point out to
• 16:31
  Mahlokis and the Gomara 2 opinions and the Ramaman
• 16:35
  Shulkanarakpaskan that it's it doesn't matter if the person has
• 16:40
  a lot of money and he wants to redeem it himself.
• 16:43
  Once there's a limit and once it's your teremi dumaeum, you're
• 16:47
  not allowed to, even if the person is rich, right?
• 16:49
  One opinion says why, Because it's going to be too much of A
• 16:52
  monetary toll on its seaboard that everyone has to pitch in.
• 16:56
  So they paskin Shulkanarak and the Rambam.
• 16:58
  Even if it's your teremi Dumaeum, even if the person has
• 17:01
  sufficient funds and he's going to pay for it, then it doesn't
• 17:05
  matter. It's still usser mupine tikkun
• 17:07
  olam because it'll still cause them to be too quick to to to
• 17:12
  capture more. Let's keep going.
• 17:15
  The hainle talmil khakham. Not only can a person redeem
• 17:18
  himself, he's also allowed to redeem a Talmud hakam or Philo
• 17:24
  Eno Talmud hakham LSU talmid kharif the afshar Shia Adam
• 17:28
  Gadol podium oto badamim mehrubim.
• 17:32
  And he says you can even pay more for for a big talmakhakam,
• 17:37
  like a really big talmakhakham. That's and even if he's not yet
• 17:41
  a talmakhakham, but you see he's very studious.
• 17:44
  Yuri Shamayim with a good memory, He's Masiakhan his
• 17:47
  learning so and he's going to become a big talmakhakhum.
• 17:51
  Then you're also allowed to pay extra for him.
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  Haga bimishto ke aaher dami Allo ayen bittur Evan ezer what to do
• 18:00
  with the wife because it's not himself.
• 18:03
  OK, we'll look over there here. I'm just going to point out and
• 18:10
  the piece Quechua here in No, that's the next one.
• 18:14
  OK, just to go back to the shock, points out the Bach
• 18:18
  Paskins. That one is allowed to pay more,
• 18:22
  I guess it seems to be different than the Shah Kanarakan, the
• 18:25
  Rambam. He is the Shah quotes the the
• 18:27
  Bach who says you are allowed to pay more for a Karov.
• 18:30
  If you're going to pay for yourself from your own money for
• 18:33
  a Karov, then you are allowed to to pay extra.
• 18:38
  And one is not necessarily and he says certainly for a wife
• 18:43
  one's allowed to pay extra. We don't Force One to pay extra
• 18:46
  for family, but one is allowed to the Hein Ahmadavar.
• 18:50
  That's how the Bach leads leaves it and that's how the Shah
• 18:53
  quotes it. So there is room to be make on
• 18:57
  those grounds. And also the pistre chuba
• 19:01
  quotes. Now this is Imachlokis, but
• 19:03
  according to one of the opinions, Terutsi Mintosvos, if
• 19:06
  there is sakanas Nofascios, if there's a hostage, A captive and
• 19:10
  you're afraid they're going to kill him, so then you are
• 19:13
  allowed to pay your pteromedeme. So that seems, that doesn't seem
• 19:17
  to be clear according to the Sholkhanarakhan Rambam, but that
• 19:21
  does it seems probably not, but it is a Machlocus in the
• 19:25
  Acronium. The PSK Chuva mentions it.
• 19:27
  So the main Sergio over there is clearly only talking about
• 19:32
  money. Question is, I'll just raise
• 19:34
  famous questions. It happens unfortunately, very
• 19:37
  unfortunately in Eretz Yusoral with civilians and soldiers if
• 19:44
  they're hostages. So some of the considerations
• 19:47
  that make it different is we're talking about it's it's a
• 19:52
  national issue. I don't have to get into this.
• 19:56
  I'm going to point out a few things that really do make a
• 19:58
  difference, that it could be a difference Lahalaka.
• 20:01
  And it's not for money. They're doing it in order from
• 20:06
  morale in order to get back other terrorists.
• 20:09
  And it's a different equation. Another reason why it might be a
• 20:13
  mutter muttermy demand because the the Israelis life is in
• 20:17
  danger. Also it can affect the country
• 20:21
  and the soldiers morale and future fighting.
• 20:24
  That's another another reason also the price might not make a
• 20:29
  difference. There's no matter what they want
• 20:32
  to, for them it's always going to be a win, a win and a
• 20:35
  tremendous victory for them to keep every hostage.
• 20:39
  Obviously, the more they get for it, it'll make them a little
• 20:43
  more embracing. But either way, they're going to
• 20:46
  go after any hostage they can. The one reason why it might not
• 20:51
  be OK is if the price is too high and it's going to create,
• 20:56
  it's going to release more terrorists that are going to
• 20:59
  create more danger by releasing them.
• 21:01
  So then the question is, is it a Suffolk?
• 21:03
  Is it a vadai? Who are how many and who is
• 21:07
  being released? And that's the that's that's,
• 21:09
  that's in a nutshell.