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05 - Life of Alfred the Great by Bishop of Sherbourne Asser · Life of Alfred the Great

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  Speaker 1: Part two, Section one of the Life of King Alfred.
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  Speaker 1: This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in
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  Speaker 1: the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please
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  Speaker 1: visit LibriVox dot org. The Life of King Alfred by Asser,
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  Speaker 1: Bishop of Sherbourne, translated by J. A. Giles, Part two,
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  Speaker 1: Section one the Life of King Alfred from a d.
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  Speaker 1: Eight hundred forty nine to a d. Eight hundred eighty
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  Speaker 1: seven Part two. In the same year, also Carlomann, King
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  Speaker 1: of the Western Francs, whilst hunting a wild boar, was
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  Speaker 1: miserably killed by a large animal of that species, which
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  Speaker 1: inflicted a dreadful wound on him with its tusk. His brother,
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  Speaker 1: Lewis the third, who had been King of the Franks,
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  Speaker 1: died the year before. These two brothers were sons of Lewis,
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  Speaker 1: King of the Franks, who had died in the year
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  Speaker 1: above mentioned, in which the eclipse of the son took place,
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  Speaker 1: and it was he whose daughter, Judith, was given by
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  Speaker 1: her father's wish in marriage to Ethelwulf, King of the
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  Speaker 1: West Saxons. In the same year, also a great army
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  Speaker 1: of the Pagans came from Germany into the country of
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  Speaker 1: the Ancient Saxons, which is called in Saxon Ald Saxon
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  Speaker 1: note or Old Saxons end of note. To oppose them,
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  Speaker 1: the said Saxons and Frisons joined their forces and fought
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  Speaker 1: bravely twice in that same year. In both those battles,
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  Speaker 1: the Christians, with the merciful aid of the Lord, obtained
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  Speaker 1: the victory. In the same year, also Charles King of
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  Speaker 1: the Almans, received with universal consent all all the territories
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  Speaker 1: which lie between the Tyrhenian Sea and that Gulf which
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  Speaker 1: runs between the Old Saxons and the Gauls, except the
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  Speaker 1: kingdom of Armorica, that is lesser Britain. This Charles was
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  Speaker 1: the son of King Lewis, who was brother of Charles,
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  Speaker 1: King of the Franks, father of the aforesaid Queen Judith.
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  Speaker 1: These two brothers were sons of Lewis, but Louis was
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  Speaker 1: the son of the Great, the Ancient and wise Charlemagne,
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  Speaker 1: who was the son of Pepin. In the same year,
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  Speaker 1: Pope Martin of blessed memory went the way of all flesh.
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  Speaker 1: It was he who, in regard for Alfred, King of
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  Speaker 1: the Anglo Saxons, and at his request, freed the School
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  Speaker 1: of the Anglo Saxons resident at Rome, from all tribute
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  Speaker 1: and tax. He also sent many gifts on that occasion,
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  Speaker 1: among which was no small portion of the Holy and
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  Speaker 1: Venerable Cross on which our Lord Jesus Christ was suspended
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  Speaker 1: for the general salvation of mankind. In the same year,
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  Speaker 1: also the army of Pagans, which dwelt among the East Angles,
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  Speaker 1: disgracefully broke the peace which they had concluded with King Alfred. Wherefore,
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  Speaker 1: to return to that from which I digressed, that I
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  Speaker 1: may not be compelled by my long navigation to abandon
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  Speaker 1: the port of rest which I was making for, I propose,
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  Speaker 1: as far as my knowledge will enable me, to speak
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  Speaker 1: of the life and character and just conduct of my
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  Speaker 1: Lord Alfred, King of the Anglo Saxons, after he married
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  Speaker 1: the above named respected lady of Mercian Race his wife,
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  Speaker 1: And with God's blessing, I will despatch it succinctly and briefly,
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  Speaker 1: as I promised, that I may not offend the delicate
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  Speaker 1: minds of my readers by prolixity in relating each new event.
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  Speaker 1: His nuptials were honorably celebrated in Mercia among innumerable multitudes
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  Speaker 1: of people of both sexes, and after continual feasts, both
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  Speaker 1: by night and by day, he was immediately seized in
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  Speaker 1: the presence of all the people by sudden and overwhelming pain,
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  Speaker 1: as yet unknown to all the physicians, for it was
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  Speaker 1: unknown to all who were then present, and even to
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  Speaker 1: those who daily see him up to the present time,
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  Speaker 1: which sad to say, is the worst of all, that
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  Speaker 1: he should have protracted it so long, from the twentieth
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  Speaker 1: to the fortieth year of his life, and even more
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  Speaker 1: than that, through the space of so many years. From
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  Speaker 1: what cause so great a malady arose. For many thought
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  Speaker 1: that this was occasioned by the favor and fascination of
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  Speaker 1: the people who surrounded him, Others by some spite of
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  Speaker 1: the devil, who is ever jealous of the good, Others
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  Speaker 1: from an unusual kind of fever. He had this sort
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  Speaker 1: of severe disease disease from his childhood, but once divine
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  Speaker 1: providence so ordered it that when he was on a
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  Speaker 1: visit to Cornwall for the sake of hunting, and had
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  Speaker 1: turned out of the road to prey in a certain
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  Speaker 1: chapel in which rests the body of Saint Geryer, and
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  Speaker 1: now also Saint Neot rests there for King Alfred was always,
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  Speaker 1: from his infancy a frequent visitor of holy places for
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  Speaker 1: the sake of prayer and almsgiving. He prostrated himself for
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  Speaker 1: private devotion, and after some time spent therein, he entreated
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  Speaker 1: of God's mercy that in his boundless clemency, he would
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  Speaker 1: exchange the torments of the malady which then afflicted him,
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  Speaker 1: for some other lighter disease, but with this condition that
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  Speaker 1: such disease should not show itself outwardly in his body,
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  Speaker 1: lest he should be an object of contempt and less
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  Speaker 1: able to benefit mankind. For he had great dread of leprosy,
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  Speaker 1: or blindness, or any such complaint as makes men useless
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  Speaker 1: or contemptible when it afflicts them. Note Saint Gareer. Saint
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  Speaker 1: Greer's church was at Ham's Stroke in Cornwall. Saint Neote.
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  Speaker 1: An interesting account of Saint Neote will be found in
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  Speaker 1: Gorham's History and Antiquities of Ainesbury and Saint Neote's end
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  Speaker 1: of Note. When he had finished his prayers, he proceeded
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  Speaker 1: on his journey, and not long after he felt within
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  Speaker 1: him that, by the hand of the Almighty he was
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  Speaker 1: healed according to his request of his disorder, and that
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  Speaker 1: it was entirely eradicated, although he had first had even
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  Speaker 1: this complaint in the flower of his youth, by his
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  Speaker 1: devout and pious prayers and supplications to Almighty God. For
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  Speaker 1: if I may be allowed to speak briefly, but in
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  Speaker 1: a somewhat preposterous order, of his zealous piety to God
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  Speaker 1: in the flower of his youth, before he entered the
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  Speaker 1: marriage state, he wished to strengthen his mind in the
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  Speaker 1: observance of God's commandments. For he perceived that he could
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  Speaker 1: with difficulty abstain from gratifying his carnal desires, and because
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  Speaker 1: he feared the anger of God if he should do
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  Speaker 1: anything contrary to his will, he used often to rise
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  Speaker 1: in the morning at the cock crow and go to
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  Speaker 1: pray in the churches and at the relics of the saints.
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  Speaker 1: There he prostrated himself on the ground and prayed that God,
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  Speaker 1: in his mercy, would strengthen his mind still more in
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  Speaker 1: his service by some infirmity such as he might bear,
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  Speaker 1: but not such as would render him imbecile and contemptible
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  Speaker 1: in his worldly duties. And when he had often prayed
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  Speaker 1: with much devotion to this effect, after an interval of
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  Speaker 1: some time, Providence vouchsafed to afflict him with the above
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  Speaker 1: name disease, which he bore long and painfully for many years,
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  Speaker 1: and even despaired of life, until he entirely got rid
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  Speaker 1: of it by his prayers. But sad to say, it
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  Speaker 1: was replaced, as we have said, at his marriage, by another,
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  Speaker 1: which incessantly tormented him night and day from the twentieth
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  Speaker 1: to the forty fourth year of his life. But if ever,
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  Speaker 1: by God's mercy he was relieved from this infirmity for
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  Speaker 1: a single day or night, yet the fear and dread
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  Speaker 1: of that dreadful malady never left him, but rendered him
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  Speaker 1: almost useless, as he thought for every duty, whether human
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  Speaker 1: or divine. The sons and daughters which he had by
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  Speaker 1: his wife above mentioned were Ethel Fled, the eldest, after
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  Speaker 1: whom came Edward than Ethel Give, then ethelswythe than Ethel word,
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  Speaker 1: besides those who died in their infancy, one of whom
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  Speaker 1: was Edmund ethel Fled, when she arrived at a marriageable age,
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  Speaker 1: was uni united to Ethered, Earl of Mercia. Ethel Giva
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  Speaker 1: also was dedicated to God and submitted to the rules
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  Speaker 1: of a monastic life. Ethel were the youngest by the
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  Speaker 1: divine counsels, and the admirable prudence of the King was
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  Speaker 1: consigned to the schools of learning, where with the children
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  Speaker 1: of almost all the nobility of the country, and many
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  Speaker 1: also who were not noble, He prospered under the diligent
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  Speaker 1: care of his teachers. Books in both languages, namely Latin
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  Speaker 1: and Saxon, were both read in the school. They also
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  Speaker 1: learned to write, so that before they were of an
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  Speaker 1: age to practice manly arts, namely hunting, in such pursuits
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  Speaker 1: as befit noblemen, they became studious and clever in the
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  Speaker 1: liberal arts. Edward and Ethel Smitha were bred up in
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  Speaker 1: the King's court and received great attention from their attendants
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  Speaker 1: and nurses. Nay, they continue to this day with the
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  Speaker 1: love of all about them, and showing affability and even
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  Speaker 1: gentleness towards all both natives and foreigners, and in complete
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  Speaker 1: subjection to their father, nor among their other studies which
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  Speaker 1: appertain to this life and are fit for noble youths.
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  Speaker 1: Or they suffered to pass their time idly and unprofitably
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  Speaker 1: without learning the liberal arts, For they have carefully learned
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  Speaker 1: the psalms and Saxon books, especially the Saxon poems, and
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  Speaker 1: are continually in the habit of making use of books.
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  Speaker 1: In the meantime. The King, during the frequent wars and
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  Speaker 1: other trammels of this present life, the invasions of the Pagans,
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  Speaker 1: and his own daily infirmities of body, continued to carry
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  Speaker 1: on the government and to exercise hunting in all its branches,
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  Speaker 1: to teach his workers in gold and artificers of all kinds,
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  Speaker 1: his falconers, hawkers, and dog keepers, to build houses majestic
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  Speaker 1: and good beyond the precedence of his ancestors by his
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  Speaker 1: new mechanical inventions, to recite the Saxon books, and especially
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  Speaker 1: to learn by heart the Saxon poems, and to make
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  Speaker 1: others learn them. And he alone never desisted from studying
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  Speaker 1: most diligently to the best of his ability. He attended
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  Speaker 1: the Mass and other daily services of religion. He was
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  Speaker 1: frequent in psalm singing in prayer at the hours both
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  Speaker 1: of the day and the night. He also went to
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  Speaker 1: the churches, as we have already said, in the night
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  Speaker 1: time to pray secretly and unknown to his courtiers. He
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  Speaker 1: bestowed alms and largesses on both natives and foreigners of
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  Speaker 1: all countries. He was affable and pleasant to all, and
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  Speaker 1: curiously eager to investigate things unknown. Many Francs, Prisons, Gaulls, Pagans, Britons, Scots,
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  Speaker 1: and Armoricans, noble and ignoble, submitted voluntarily to his dominion,
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  Speaker 1: and all of them, according to their nation and deserving,
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  Speaker 1: were ruled, loved, honored, and enriched with money and power. Moreover,
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  Speaker 1: the king was in the habit of hearing the divine
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  Speaker 1: scriptures read by his own countrymen, or if by any
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  Speaker 1: chance it so happened in company with foreigners, and he
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  Speaker 1: attended to it with sedulity and solicitude. His bishops too,
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  Speaker 1: In all ecclesiastics, his earls and nobles, ministers, and friends
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  Speaker 1: were loved by him with wonderful affection, and their sons,
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  Speaker 1: who were bred up in the royal household, were no
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  Speaker 1: less dear to him than his own. He had them
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  Speaker 1: instructed in all kinds of good morals, and among other things,
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  Speaker 1: never ceased to teach them letters night and day. But
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  Speaker 1: as if he had no consolation in all these things,
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  Speaker 1: and suffered no other annoyance, either from within or without,
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  Speaker 1: yet he was harassed by daily and knightly affliction, that
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  Speaker 1: he could plain to God and to all who were
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  Speaker 1: admitted to his familiar love, that Almighty God had made
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  Speaker 1: him ignorant of divine wisdom and of the liberal arts.
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  Speaker 1: In this emulating the pious, the wise and wealthy Solomon,
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  Speaker 1: King of the Hebrews, who at first, despising all present
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  Speaker 1: glory and riches, asked wisdom of God and found both,
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  Speaker 1: namely wisdom and worldly glory. As it is written, seek
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  Speaker 1: first the Kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all
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  Speaker 1: these things shall be added unto you. But God, who
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  Speaker 1: is always the inspector of the thoughts of the mind within,
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  Speaker 1: and the instigator of all good intentions, and a most
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  Speaker 1: plentiful aider that good desires may be formed. For He
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  Speaker 1: would not instigate a man to good intentions unless he
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  Speaker 1: also amply supplied that which the man justly and properly
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  Speaker 1: wishes to have instigated. The King's mind with us, as
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  Speaker 1: it is written, I will hearken what the Lord God
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  Speaker 1: will say concerning me. He would avail himself of every
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  Speaker 1: opportunity to procure coadjutors and his good designs to aid
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  Speaker 1: him in his strivings after wisdom, that he might attain
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  Speaker 1: to what he aimed at. And like a prudent bird, which,
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  Speaker 1: rising in summer with the early morning from her beloved nest,
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  Speaker 1: steers her rapid flight through the uncertain tracts of ether,
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  Speaker 1: and descends on the manifold and varied flowers of grasses, herbs,
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  Speaker 1: and shrubs, essaying that which pleases most, that she may
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  Speaker 1: bear it to her home. So did he direct his
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  Speaker 1: eyes afar and seek without that which he had not within,
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  Speaker 1: namely in his own kingdom. But God at that time,
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  Speaker 1: as some consolation to the King's benevolence, yielding to his complaint,
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  Speaker 1: sent certain lights to illuminate him, namely Whereafrith, Bishop of
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  Speaker 1: the Church of Worcester, a man well versed in divine scripture, who,
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  Speaker 1: by the King's command, first turned the books of the
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  Speaker 1: dialogues of Pope Gregory and Peter his disciple from Latin
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  Speaker 1: into Saxon, and, sometimes putting sense for sense, interpreted them
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  Speaker 1: with clearness and elegance. After him was Plegmund, a Mercian
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  Speaker 1: by birth, Archbishop of the Church of Canterbury, a venerable
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  Speaker 1: man and endowed with wisdom. Ethelstan also, and werewulf his
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  Speaker 1: priests and chaplains. Mercians by birth and erudite. These four
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  Speaker 1: had been invited out of Mercia by King Alfred, who
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  Speaker 1: exalted them with many honors and powers in the Kingdom
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  Speaker 1: of the West Saxons. Besides the privileges which Archbishop Plegmund
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  Speaker 1: and Bishop Whereafrith enjoyed in Mercia. By their teaching in wisdom,
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  Speaker 1: the King's desires increased unceasingly and were gratified night and day.
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  Speaker 1: Whenever he had leisure. He commanded such men as these
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  Speaker 1: to read books to him, for he never suffered himself
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  Speaker 1: to be without one of them. Wherefore he possessed a
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  Speaker 1: knowledge of every book, though of himself he could not
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  Speaker 1: yet understand anything of books, for he had not yet
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  Speaker 1: learned to read anything. But the King's commendable avarice could
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  Speaker 1: not be gratified even in this, wherefore he sent messages
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  Speaker 1: beyond the sea to Gaul to procure teachers, and he
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  Speaker 1: invited from thence Grimbald, priest and monk, a venerable man
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  Speaker 1: and good singer, adorned with every kind of ecclesiastical discipline
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  Speaker 1: and good morals, and most learned in holy scripture, note
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  Speaker 1: Grimbald was provost of Saint Omer's, and of note he
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  Speaker 1: also obtained from Thence John, also priest and monk, a
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  Speaker 1: man of most energetic talents, and learned in all kinds
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  Speaker 1: of literary science, and skilled in many other arts. Note
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  Speaker 1: John had been connected with the monastery of Corby end
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  Speaker 1: of note. By the teaching of these men, the King's
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  Speaker 1: mind was much enlarged, and he enriched and honored them
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  Speaker 1: with much influence. In these times, I also came into
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  Speaker 1: Saxony out of the furthest coasts of western Britain, and
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  Speaker 1: when I had proposed to go to him, through many
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  Speaker 1: intervening provinces, I arrived in the country of the Saxons,
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  Speaker 1: who live on the right hand, which in Saxon is
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  Speaker 1: called Sussex, under the guidance of some of that nation,
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  Speaker 1: and there I first saw him in the royal ville,
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  Speaker 1: which is called Dean. Note. East Dean or Dean and
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  Speaker 1: West Dean are two villages near Chichester. There are also
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  Speaker 1: other villages of the same name near Eastbourne. End of note.
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  Speaker 1: He received me with kindness, and among other familiar conversation,
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  Speaker 1: he asked me eagerly to devote myself to his service
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  Speaker 1: and become his friend, to leave every thing which I
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  Speaker 1: possessed on the left or western bank of the Severn,
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  Speaker 1: and he promised he would give more than an equivalent
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  Speaker 1: for it in his own dominions. I replied that I
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  Speaker 1: could not incautiously and rashly promise such things, for it
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  Speaker 1: seemed to me unjust that I should leave those sacred
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  Speaker 1: places in which I had been bred, educated, and crowned,
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  Speaker 1: and at last ordained for the sake of any earthly
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  Speaker 1: honor and power, unless by compulsion note crowned. This expression
• 18:47
  Speaker 1: alludes to the tonsure which was undergone by those who
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  Speaker 1: became clerks. For a description of the ecclesiastical tonsure, see
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  Speaker 1: Bede's Ecclesiastical History, page one hundred sixty. End of note.
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  Speaker 1: Upon this, he said, if you cannot accede to this,
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  Speaker 1: at least let me have your service in part, spend
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  Speaker 1: six months of the year with me here and the
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  Speaker 1: other six in Britain. To this, I replied, I could
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  Speaker 1: not even promise that easily or hastily, without the advice
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  Speaker 1: of my friends. At length, however, when I perceived that
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  Speaker 1: he was anxious for my services, though I knew not why,
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  Speaker 1: I promised him that if my life was spared, I
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  Speaker 1: would return to him after six months with such reply
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  Speaker 1: as should be agreeable to him, as well as advantageous
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  Speaker 1: to me and mine. With this answer, he was satisfied,
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  Speaker 1: and when I had given him a pledge to return
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  Speaker 1: at the appointed time, on the fourth day, we left
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  Speaker 1: him and returned on horseback towards our own country. After
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  Speaker 1: our departure, a violent fever seized me in the city
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  Speaker 1: of Winchester, where I lay for twelve months and one week,
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  Speaker 1: night and day, without hope of recovery at the appointed time. Therefore,
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  Speaker 1: I could not fulfill my promise of visiting him, and
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  Speaker 1: he sent messengers to hasten my journey and to inquire
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  Speaker 1: the cause of my delay. As I was unable to
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  Speaker 1: ride to him, I sent a second messenger to tell
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  Speaker 1: him the cause of my delay and assure him that
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  Speaker 1: if I recovered from my infirmity, I would fulfill what
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  Speaker 1: I had promised. My complaint left me, and by the
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  Speaker 1: advice and consent of all my friends, for the benefit
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  Speaker 1: of that holy place and of all who dwelt therein,
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  Speaker 1: I did as I had promised to the King, and
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  Speaker 1: devoted myself to his service. On the condition that I
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  Speaker 1: should remain with him six months in every year, either
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  Speaker 1: continuously if I could spend six months with him at once,
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  Speaker 1: or alternately three months in Britain and three in Saxony.
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  Speaker 1: Note the original Latin continues et illa an, you are
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  Speaker 1: a tour perudimenta sancte d'egouee in omnicausa tamen proiribus, which
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  Speaker 1: I do not understand and therefore cannot translate. End of note.
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  Speaker 1: For my friends, hope that they should sustain less tribulation
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  Speaker 1: and harm from King Hemeed, who often plundered that monastery
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  Speaker 1: and the parish of Saint Degoas, and sometimes expelled the
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  Speaker 1: prelates as they expelled Archbishop Novis, my relation and myself
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  Speaker 1: if in any manner I could secure the notice and
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  Speaker 1: friendship of the king. Note King Hemeed a petty prince
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  Speaker 1: of South Wales. Saint Deguas or Saint Dewis, probably by
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  Speaker 1: the Parish of Saint Degoas is meant the Diocese of
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  Speaker 1: Saint David's. Hence it is said that Alfred gave to
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  Speaker 1: Acer the whole parish Omnes Parochia of Exeter, Archie Bishop Novis,
• 22:01
  Speaker 1: Archbishop of Saint David's end of Part two, Section one,