Latest / History of New Brunswick / 14 - History of New Brunswick by Peter Fisher

Transcript

14 - History of New Brunswick by Peter Fisher · History of New Brunswick

• 0:01
  Speaker 1: Section fourteen of History of New Brunswick. This LibriVox recording
• 0:06
  Speaker 1: is in the public domain recording by Roger Moline. History
• 0:11
  Speaker 1: of New Brunswick by Peter Fisher, Section fourteen. The enrolled
• 0:19
  Speaker 1: militia amount to about twelve thousand. They are divided into
• 0:23
  Speaker 1: twenty three battalions. The battalions are composed of six, eight
• 0:28
  Speaker 1: or more companies according to local circumstances. The companies consist
• 0:33
  Speaker 1: of one captain, two subalterns, three sergeants and sixty rank
• 0:39
  Speaker 1: and file, except flank companies, which are allowed four sergeants.
• 0:45
  Speaker 1: Where districts are in remote situations and not sufficiently populous
• 0:49
  Speaker 1: to form two companies but exceed the number of sixty
• 0:52
  Speaker 1: effective men, eighty are allowed to be enrolled in one company.
• 0:58
  Speaker 1: They assemble by companies two days in a year for drill,
• 1:01
  Speaker 1: and by battalions or divisions for muster and inspection once
• 1:06
  Speaker 1: or oftener. If the Commander in chief thinks it necessary,
• 1:11
  Speaker 1: an inspecting field officer is appointed to inspect the battalions
• 1:14
  Speaker 1: at their general muster. He visits the different corps successively
• 1:20
  Speaker 1: and reports to the commander in chief. He is paid
• 1:23
  Speaker 1: a certain sum per annum, which is granted yearly by
• 1:27
  Speaker 1: the legislature. The militia law is continually undergoing alterations and
• 1:33
  Speaker 1: has not yet attained to that perfection that such an
• 1:36
  Speaker 1: important branch of our provincial constitution requires. The last year,
• 1:41
  Speaker 1: two inspecting officers were appointed to inspect the two great
• 1:45
  Speaker 1: divisions of the province. There are abundant materials to form
• 1:50
  Speaker 1: a good effective militia in this province. The youth are
• 1:53
  Speaker 1: in general docile and orderly, and have a great aptitude
• 1:57
  Speaker 1: to attain the requisite discipline. There are also a number
• 2:01
  Speaker 1: of disbanded soldiers and other persons acquainted with discipline scattered
• 2:05
  Speaker 1: through the country, so that there are few districts but
• 2:09
  Speaker 1: where there are persons qualified to act as drills. The
• 2:13
  Speaker 1: want of arms is indeed a great check to the
• 2:16
  Speaker 1: military spirit, as nothing is more taking to boys when
• 2:19
  Speaker 1: first put to drill, than to have arms. And although
• 2:23
  Speaker 1: many requisites of discipline, such as marching, wheeling, et cetera,
• 2:28
  Speaker 1: can be acquired full as well without them, yet nothing
• 2:31
  Speaker 1: makes a young lad so alert as to have a
• 2:33
  Speaker 1: musket put into his hands. To get persons to excel
• 2:38
  Speaker 1: in anything, it is requisite, first of all, if possible,
• 2:41
  Speaker 1: to create an attachment and liking to it, and to
• 2:45
  Speaker 1: get the youth fully engaged in acquiring martial discipline. It
• 2:49
  Speaker 1: is a primary object to make it pleasing to them.
• 2:52
  Speaker 1: If therefore the different corps were at their musters to
• 2:56
  Speaker 1: be supplied with arms and a few rounds of cartridges,
• 2:59
  Speaker 1: and to to skirmish, it would act as the greatest
• 3:02
  Speaker 1: stimulus to the youth and would soon make an alteration
• 3:06
  Speaker 1: for the better at the trainings by making them a
• 3:08
  Speaker 1: recreation and time of amusement, while it would make the
• 3:12
  Speaker 1: militia familiar with the use of arms, which is at
• 3:15
  Speaker 1: present altogether lost. Sight of the writer is well aware
• 3:20
  Speaker 1: that many arms formally issued to the militia have been destroyed,
• 3:23
  Speaker 1: and that this might again happen. But surely some method
• 3:27
  Speaker 1: might be adopted to prevent such abuses, and still to
• 3:31
  Speaker 1: furnish the different core with arms while at drill, by
• 3:34
  Speaker 1: forming depots for lodging the arms and appropriating some of
• 3:38
  Speaker 1: the finds to keep them in order. In scattered districts
• 3:43
  Speaker 1: one two or more companies arms might be kept together,
• 3:47
  Speaker 1: and in towns arsenals might be erected where two or
• 3:50
  Speaker 1: three thousand stand might be deposited. Such buildings would not
• 3:56
  Speaker 1: only be highly useful but ornamental to the different places.
• 4:00
  Speaker 1: And as there are but few serviceable arms in the
• 4:03
  Speaker 1: province at present, some steps should be taken to procure
• 4:06
  Speaker 1: a sufficient number, and not to let the country remain
• 4:09
  Speaker 1: in its present naked condition. It certainly appears like an
• 4:14
  Speaker 1: anomaly in our preparations for defense to expend time and
• 4:18
  Speaker 1: money in improving our militia and not provide the means
• 4:22
  Speaker 1: of arming and making them efficient if they should be wanted. If,
• 4:27
  Speaker 1: as the preamble to the Militia Law states, quote, a
• 4:32
  Speaker 1: well regulated militia is essential to the security of this
• 4:35
  Speaker 1: province end quote, it is equally necessary that the province
• 4:40
  Speaker 1: should possess the means of arming that militia. If arms
• 4:45
  Speaker 1: could not be procured from the Crown, it would be
• 4:47
  Speaker 1: advisable to appropriate a part of the provincial revenue for
• 4:51
  Speaker 1: the purchase of a sufficient number to supply the militia
• 4:54
  Speaker 1: in case of emergency, which could be either sold to
• 4:57
  Speaker 1: the militiamen or placed in the arm arsenals and issued
• 5:01
  Speaker 1: occasionally to the different core as the government should think proper.
• 5:06
  Speaker 1: Should the province ever be invaded, its defense will not
• 5:10
  Speaker 1: wholly consist in defending fortified posts or its engagements with
• 5:14
  Speaker 1: large bodies in open field, but by taking advantage of
• 5:18
  Speaker 1: the natural fastnesses of the country such as woods, deep hollows, hills, rivers, brooks,
• 5:26
  Speaker 1: et cetera, with which the province abounds. This points out
• 5:31
  Speaker 1: the necessity of having the militia train to sharpshooting and
• 5:35
  Speaker 1: such exercises as will be beneficial in the hour of danger,
• 5:39
  Speaker 1: and not merely taught a few parade movements or how
• 5:42
  Speaker 1: to receive a reviewing officer. The Indians in New Brunswick
• 5:47
  Speaker 1: are fast declining, and although several attempts have been made
• 5:51
  Speaker 1: to induce them to form permanent settlements and become planters,
• 5:55
  Speaker 1: they still continue their migratory mode of life. The attempts
• 5:59
  Speaker 1: that have been made to civilize them by educating their
• 6:02
  Speaker 1: children have been equally unsuccessful. The Romish religion appears to
• 6:07
  Speaker 1: be the most congenial to them, as well as to
• 6:10
  Speaker 1: the French. This arises in a great measure from its
• 6:14
  Speaker 1: outward pomp and external forms imposing on the uncultivated mind.
• 6:19
  Speaker 1: They yield an implicit obedience to the Romish missionaries who
• 6:23
  Speaker 1: instruct them in religion, regulate their marriages, and censure or
• 6:28
  Speaker 1: approve their conduct, and so successful have been their endeavors
• 6:32
  Speaker 1: that but few depredations are committed by the Indians on property,
• 6:36
  Speaker 1: although they are frequently reduced to the most extreme want.
• 6:41
  Speaker 1: The Baron La Hutin, who has enumerated forty nine nations
• 6:46
  Speaker 1: of Indians in Canada and Acadia, names the following tribes
• 6:51
  Speaker 1: as the original inhabitants of Nova Scotia, the Abenaki, mik mack, Cannaboos, Mahingans, Openangans,
• 7:01
  Speaker 1: Sacochis and Attechements, from whom our present Indians are descended
• 7:08
  Speaker 1: as the customs, manners, and dress of the Indians have
• 7:12
  Speaker 1: been often described. I shall not therefore swell this article
• 7:15
  Speaker 1: by repeating old stories. Besides the conical cap, the blanket,
• 7:21
  Speaker 1: legins and moccasins worn by all the tribes, the women
• 7:26
  Speaker 1: among the New Brunswick Indians frequently wear a round hat,
• 7:29
  Speaker 1: a shawl, and short clothes resembling the short gown and
• 7:33
  Speaker 1: petticoat worn by the French and Dutch women. The Indian
• 7:38
  Speaker 1: language is bold and figurative, abounding in hyperbolical expressions, and
• 7:43
  Speaker 1: is said to be susceptible of much elegance. To give
• 7:48
  Speaker 1: the readers some notion of the manner in which these
• 7:50
  Speaker 1: people conduct their conferences with each other and with Europeans.
• 7:54
  Speaker 1: I shall subjoin an extract of a conference or talk
• 7:58
  Speaker 1: held at Quebec with the Governor General of Canada during
• 8:02
  Speaker 1: the Last American War, Quebec, seventeen March eighteen fourteen Thursday.
• 8:11
  Speaker 1: Having been appointed for holding the council, the chiefs and
• 8:14
  Speaker 1: Warriors assembled, and after shaking hands with his Excellency as before,
• 8:20
  Speaker 1: k Newwash, accompanied by his interpreter, again presented himself in
• 8:24
  Speaker 1: the middle of the room and pronounced the following speech
• 8:28
  Speaker 1: or talk speech of Niewash. Father, listen, you will hear
• 8:36
  Speaker 1: from me truth. It is the same as what the
• 8:39
  Speaker 1: chiefs and warriors now here have to say. Father. Listen,
• 8:45
  Speaker 1: open your ears to your children, to your red children
• 8:48
  Speaker 1: that are in the west. They are all of one mind.
• 8:52
  Speaker 1: Although they are so far off and scattered on different lands,
• 8:56
  Speaker 1: they hear what I am now saying. You have told
• 9:01
  Speaker 1: us by the talk of your warriors twice, Father, that
• 9:04
  Speaker 1: we were to fight on the flanks and in the
• 9:06
  Speaker 1: rear of your warriors. But we have always gone in front, Father,
• 9:11
  Speaker 1: and that it is in this way we have lost
• 9:14
  Speaker 1: so many of our young warriors, our women and children. Father, listen,
• 9:20
  Speaker 1: the Americans have said they will kill you first, Father,
• 9:23
  Speaker 1: and then destroy your red children. But when you sent
• 9:26
  Speaker 1: us the hatchet, we took hold of it, Father, and
• 9:29
  Speaker 1: made use of it. Father, as you know, Father, listen,
• 9:35
  Speaker 1: your red children want back their old boundary lines, that
• 9:39
  Speaker 1: they may have the lands which belonged to them and this, Father,
• 9:43
  Speaker 1: when the war began, you promise to get for them. Father, listen,
• 9:49
  Speaker 1: your red children have suffered a great deal. They are sad, indeed,
• 9:53
  Speaker 1: they are pitiful. They want your assistance. Father. They want
• 9:58
  Speaker 1: arms for their warriors and clothes for their women and children.
• 10:03
  Speaker 1: You do not know the number of your red children, Father,
• 10:06
  Speaker 1: There are many who never yet received any arms or clothing.
• 10:11
  Speaker 1: It is necessary at present, Father, to send more than
• 10:14
  Speaker 1: you formerly did. Father, listen, at the beginning of the war,
• 10:20
  Speaker 1: you promised us, when the Americans would put their hand forward,
• 10:24
  Speaker 1: you would draw yours back. Now, Father, we request when
• 10:28
  Speaker 1: the Americans put their hand out, as we hear they
• 10:31
  Speaker 1: mean to do, knock it away, Father, and the second time,
• 10:36
  Speaker 1: when they put out their hand, draw your sword. If not, Father,
• 10:41
  Speaker 1: the Americans will laugh at us and say, our great father,
• 10:45
  Speaker 1: who is beyond the Great Lake is a coward. Father, Father, listen,
• 10:51
  Speaker 1: the Americans are taking our lands from us every day.
• 10:55
  Speaker 1: They have no hearts, Father, they have no pity for us.
• 10:59
  Speaker 1: They want to drive us beyond the setting sun. But Father,
• 11:04
  Speaker 1: we hope, although we are few and are here, as
• 11:07
  Speaker 1: it were, upon a little island, our great and mighty Father,
• 11:11
  Speaker 1: who lives beyond the Great Lake, will not forsake us
• 11:14
  Speaker 1: in our distress, but will continue to remember his faithful
• 11:18
  Speaker 1: red children. This is all I have to say. This
• 11:23
  Speaker 1: is from our chiefs and warriors. This is all they
• 11:26
  Speaker 1: have to say. Niwash then advanced to his excellency and
• 11:32
  Speaker 1: presented him with the black wampum and bloody belt. His Excellency,
• 11:37
  Speaker 1: the Governor in Chief, then made the chiefs and warriors
• 11:40
  Speaker 1: the following answer to the talks or speeches that had
• 11:43
  Speaker 1: been addressed to him in their behalf. My children, I
• 11:49
  Speaker 1: thank the Great Spirit for his protection of you on
• 11:51
  Speaker 1: your long journey, and I rejoice to meet you at Quebec,
• 11:55
  Speaker 1: the Great Council Fire on this side the Great Lake.
• 11:59
  Speaker 1: My children, you have freely and forcibly spoken your sentiments,
• 12:04
  Speaker 1: and I am happy to have heard from your own mouths.
• 12:07
  Speaker 1: Your thoughts. As I know on these occasions you always
• 12:10
  Speaker 1: speak the truth. I am therefore delighted to hear my
• 12:14
  Speaker 1: red children declare their attachment to the King, our great
• 12:18
  Speaker 1: father beyond the great Lake, and to myself and my warriors.
• 12:23
  Speaker 1: My children, I have opened my ears and listened with
• 12:27
  Speaker 1: attention to what you have said. My heart was sore
• 12:31
  Speaker 1: when I heard of the death of a great warrior.
• 12:33
  Speaker 1: It still bleeds when I think of his loss and
• 12:36
  Speaker 1: the misfortunes my children have met with during the war,
• 12:40
  Speaker 1: in the death of many a wise chief and brave warrior,
• 12:44
  Speaker 1: and some of your women and children who are gone
• 12:46
  Speaker 1: to see the Great Spirit before whom we must all
• 12:49
  Speaker 1: one day appear. My children, I thank the Great Spirit
• 12:55
  Speaker 1: that I see you in my own dwelling and converse
• 12:57
  Speaker 1: with you face to face. Listen to my words. They
• 13:02
  Speaker 1: are the words of truth. You have always heard this
• 13:06
  Speaker 1: from my chiefs, and I now repeat them. We have
• 13:10
  Speaker 1: taken each other by the hand and fought together. Our
• 13:14
  Speaker 1: interests are the same. We must still continue to fight
• 13:18
  Speaker 1: together for the King. Our great father considers you as
• 13:23
  Speaker 1: his children, and will not forget you or your interests
• 13:26
  Speaker 1: at a peace, but to preserve what we hold and
• 13:30
  Speaker 1: recover from the enemy what belongs to us. We must
• 13:33
  Speaker 1: make great exertions, and I rely on your courage, with
• 13:37
  Speaker 1: the assistance of my chiefs and warriors, to drive the
• 13:40
  Speaker 1: big knives from our land. The ensuing summer, my children,
• 13:46
  Speaker 1: our great father will give us new warriors from the
• 13:49
  Speaker 1: other side of the great water, who will join with
• 13:52
  Speaker 1: you in attacking the enemy, and will soon open the
• 13:55
  Speaker 1: great road to your country by which you used to
• 13:58
  Speaker 1: receive your supplies, and which which the enemy, having stopped,
• 14:02
  Speaker 1: has caused the distress and scarcity of goods you complain of.
• 14:06
  Speaker 1: For I have never been in want of goods for you,
• 14:09
  Speaker 1: but could not send them. My children, our success in
• 14:14
  Speaker 1: the war must depend on our bravery and your young
• 14:18
  Speaker 1: men listening to the advice of their chiefs. This you
• 14:22
  Speaker 1: must always bear in mind. I recommend to you to
• 14:27
  Speaker 1: open your ears when my chiefs speak to you, for
• 14:30
  Speaker 1: they only wish for your good. Tell your brother warriors,
• 14:34
  Speaker 1: whom I may not see, that these are my words,
• 14:37
  Speaker 1: and that though they are to destroy their enemies in battle,
• 14:41
  Speaker 1: they must spare and show mercy to women and children
• 14:44
  Speaker 1: and all prisoners. My children, I have but one thing
• 14:50
  Speaker 1: more to recommend to you which you will not forget.
• 14:54
  Speaker 1: You know that the only success that the enemy gained
• 14:57
  Speaker 1: over us last season was owing to these want of provisions.
• 15:02
  Speaker 1: There was much waste at Amherstburg. The consequence was that
• 15:06
  Speaker 1: you and my warriors were forced to retreat. In future,
• 15:11
  Speaker 1: you must be careful of provisions and use only what
• 15:14
  Speaker 1: may be necessary. They are the same as powder and ball.
• 15:18
  Speaker 1: We cannot destroy our enemies without them. My children, you
• 15:24
  Speaker 1: will not forget what I have said to you. This
• 15:27
  Speaker 1: is my parole to the nations. Here the black wampum
• 15:32
  Speaker 1: is presented to Newwash. Let them know what I have said.
• 15:37
  Speaker 1: Tell them they shall not be forgotten by their great
• 15:40
  Speaker 1: father nor by me. Take courage, my children, be strong,
• 15:46
  Speaker 1: and may the great Spirit preserve you in the day
• 15:48
  Speaker 1: of battle. Here the bloody belt is presented. After the
• 15:54
  Speaker 1: interpreter had presented the belt to Niewash, he with several
• 15:58
  Speaker 1: of the chiefs chanted parts of the word war song
• 16:02
  Speaker 1: under the cloud island. With this belt, I go by
• 16:06
  Speaker 1: this My heart is strong. I shall have courage to
• 16:09
  Speaker 1: die by the foe. Now I take hold of this belt,
• 16:14
  Speaker 1: light as birds fly in the air. Strong is my heart,
• 16:17
  Speaker 1: and round I go seeking to die by the foe.
• 16:23
  Speaker 1: While this song was chanting, several short speeches were made
• 16:26
  Speaker 1: by the Indians. One of them said, there is our father,
• 16:32
  Speaker 1: Here is the belt. There you are. The great spirit presides.
• 16:37
  Speaker 1: Now we are one, and none can flinch. If we
• 16:42
  Speaker 1: stand by our father, he will stand by us. Our
• 16:47
  Speaker 1: path is in the west. The war shall brighten there,
• 16:51
  Speaker 1: the sky begins to clear. The light falls on our lands,
• 16:56
  Speaker 1: and soon again shall our women and children be on them.
• 17:00
  Speaker 1: You sulks, you chipeways, and all you of different nations,
• 17:05
  Speaker 1: we are all one. We will fight them with our father,
• 17:09
  Speaker 1: and never cease to fight while we have life, or
• 17:12
  Speaker 1: until we have got back our lands. The names of
• 17:16
  Speaker 1: twelve Indian chiefs inhabiting the coast of Acadia at the
• 17:20
  Speaker 1: time the French peasants submitted to the British Government will
• 17:24
  Speaker 1: be found in the appendix to this work. Lands in
• 17:29
  Speaker 1: New Brunswick are held in fee simple or free sackage.
• 17:34
  Speaker 1: The grants are immediately from the Crown. The subjoined table
• 17:38
  Speaker 1: will show the fees on single grants, or where a
• 17:42
  Speaker 1: number of grantees are included in one patent at present
• 17:45
  Speaker 1: taken at the several offices. Table of fees on grants,
• 17:52
  Speaker 1: number of acres one hundred Governor including the warrant of
• 17:57
  Speaker 1: survey four pounds one shilling eight pence, Secretary and Registrar
• 18:05
  Speaker 1: three pounds seven shillings sixpence, Auditor thirteen shillings fourpence, Attorney
• 18:14
  Speaker 1: General one pound ten shillings tenpence. Receiver General including purchase
• 18:22
  Speaker 1: money thirteen shillings fourpence, Surveyor General two pounds. Commissioner of
• 18:31
  Speaker 1: Crown Land five shillings. Total twelve pounds eleven shillings eight pence.
• 18:40
  Speaker 1: Two hundred acres. Governor including the warrant of survey four
• 18:45
  Speaker 1: pounds one shilling eightpence. Secretary and Registrar three pounds seven
• 18:52
  Speaker 1: shillings sixpence, Auditor thirteen shillings fourpence. Journey General one pound
• 19:02
  Speaker 1: ten shillings ten pence. Receiver General including purchase money thirteen
• 19:08
  Speaker 1: shillings fourpence, Surveyor General two pounds. Commissioner of Crown Land
• 19:17
  Speaker 1: five shillings. Total twelve pounds eleven shillings eight pence. Three
• 19:24
  Speaker 1: hundred acres. Governor including the warrant of survey four pounds
• 19:30
  Speaker 1: one shilling eight pence. Secretary and Registrar three pounds seven
• 19:36
  Speaker 1: shillings sixpence, Auditor thirteen shillings fourpence, Attorney General one pound
• 19:45
  Speaker 1: ten shilling tenpence. Receiver General including purchase money one pound
• 19:52
  Speaker 1: four shillings sixpence, Surveyor General two pounds, Commissioner of Crown
• 20:00
  Speaker 1: Land seven shillings sixpence. Total thirteen pounds five shillings fourpence
• 20:09
  Speaker 1: four hundred acres. Governor including the warrant of survey four
• 20:14
  Speaker 1: pounds one shilling eightpence. Secretary and Registrar three pounds seven
• 20:21
  Speaker 1: shillings sixpence, Auditor thirteen shillings fourpence. Attorney General one pound
• 20:29
  Speaker 1: ten shillings tenpence. Receiver General including purchase money one pound
• 20:37
  Speaker 1: fifteen shillings eight pence, Surveyor General two pounds five shillings.
• 20:44
  Speaker 1: Commissioner of crown Land ten shillings. Total fourteen pounds four
• 20:51
  Speaker 1: shillings zero pence, five hundred acres. Governor including the warrant
• 20:59
  Speaker 1: of survey four pounds one shilling eightpence. Secretary and Registrar
• 21:06
  Speaker 1: three pounds seven shillings sixpence. Auditor thirteen shillings fourpence, Attorney
• 21:13
  Speaker 1: General one pound ten shillings tenpence Receiver General, including purchase
• 21:21
  Speaker 1: money two pounds six shillings tenpence, Surveyor General two pounds
• 21:28
  Speaker 1: ten shillings, Commissioner of Crown Land ten shillings total fifteen
• 21:36
  Speaker 1: pounds and twopence. On grants where more than one person
• 21:42
  Speaker 1: is concerned, his Excellency has seven shillings per hundred acres,
• 21:47
  Speaker 1: and the public offices have half the above mentioned fees
• 21:50
  Speaker 1: for each additional name, with the exception of the Attorney General,
• 21:54
  Speaker 1: who has nineteen shillings and two pence for each additional name.
• 21:59
  Speaker 1: The purchase money, which is a sum of five shillings
• 22:02
  Speaker 1: sterling for every fifty acres above two hundred, payable to
• 22:06
  Speaker 1: His Majesty and called the King's purchase money, is included
• 22:11
  Speaker 1: in the above scale of fees to the Receiver General.
• 22:15
  Speaker 1: According to the Royal Instructions, a single man is entitled
• 22:19
  Speaker 1: to one hundred acres of land, with an additional quantity,
• 22:23
  Speaker 1: provided he can produce sufficient testimonials of his ability to
• 22:26
  Speaker 1: cultivate more. A married man is entitled to two hundred
• 22:31
  Speaker 1: acres with an additional quantity on proof of his ability
• 22:34
  Speaker 1: to cultivate more, but no more than five hundred acres
• 22:39
  Speaker 1: is allowed. To be granted to any person by the
• 22:41
  Speaker 1: colonial government. The method of laying out lots in this
• 22:46
  Speaker 1: province of a narrow front and extending a great distance
• 22:50
  Speaker 1: back is very inconvenient to the settler being confined to
• 22:55
  Speaker 1: a narrow front. When he commences clearing, supposing which is offered.
• 23:00
  Speaker 1: In the case the land adjoining to be unoccupied, he
• 23:04
  Speaker 1: merely makes a lane through the wilderness, not half of
• 23:07
  Speaker 1: which will produce a crop, on account of its being
• 23:10
  Speaker 1: shaded by the adjoining woods, which not only exclude the
• 23:14
  Speaker 1: sun but impoverish the land by drawing the nourishment from
• 23:18
  Speaker 1: the plants to the adjoining trees. To obviate this and
• 23:23
  Speaker 1: many other inconveniences, it would be far better to lay
• 23:26
  Speaker 1: out settlements where the face of the country would admit
• 23:29
  Speaker 1: of it, in square blocks or parallelograms, to contain two
• 23:35
  Speaker 1: ranges of lots with roads at proper distances, the fronts
• 23:40
  Speaker 1: of the lots to be extended and their length contracted.
• 23:44
  Speaker 1: The lots to abut on the road and extend back
• 23:48
  Speaker 1: one half the depth of the block, the rear of
• 23:51
  Speaker 1: the lots in one range abutting on the rear of
• 23:54
  Speaker 1: the lots in the next range, or else the settlements
• 23:58
  Speaker 1: might be divided into squares and sections. After the method
• 24:01
  Speaker 1: adopted by the United States in laying out new settlements,
• 24:05
  Speaker 1: of which the following is a short outline, Their townships
• 24:10
  Speaker 1: are laid out in blocks of six miles square, the
• 24:13
  Speaker 1: whole area containing twenty three thousand and forty acres. Those
• 24:18
  Speaker 1: squares are divided into thirty six smaller squares or sections
• 24:23
  Speaker 1: of a mile square, containing each six hundred forty acres.
• 24:28
  Speaker 1: The sections are numbered from right to left and left
• 24:31
  Speaker 1: to right, as in the following plan six miles long,
• 24:37
  Speaker 1: six five, four, three, two, one, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, eighteen, seventeen, sixteen, fifteen, fourteen, thirteen, nineteen, twenty,
• 24:48
  Speaker 1: twenty one, twenty two, twenty three, twenty four, thirty, twenty nine,
• 24:53
  Speaker 1: twenty eight, twenty seven, twenty six, twenty five, thirty one,
• 24:58
  Speaker 1: thirty two, thirty three, thirty four, thirty five, thirty six.
• 25:04
  Speaker 1: The sections are again subdivided into quarters and half quarters.
• 25:09
  Speaker 1: A quarter section is half a mile square and contains
• 25:13
  Speaker 1: one hundred and sixty acres. The sixteenth section of each
• 25:18
  Speaker 1: township is reserved to maintain schools, and the sections two five,
• 25:24
  Speaker 1: twenty twenty three thirty and thirty three are sold in
• 25:29
  Speaker 1: half quarters. By this method, the limits of counties and
• 25:33
  Speaker 1: parishes are accurately defined. The settlements are everywhere interspersed with
• 25:38
  Speaker 1: roads and each man's field. Instead of a narrow strip
• 25:42
  Speaker 1: of irregular figure and uncertain boundary, is a square, laying
• 25:47
  Speaker 1: compact and near a road, whose contents are always easily ascertained.
• 25:54
  Speaker 1: The rectangular method of laying out settlements cannot always be
• 25:58
  Speaker 1: followed on account of river et cetera, which will cause
• 26:02
  Speaker 1: gores and inequalities, but whenever it can be adopted, it
• 26:06
  Speaker 1: offers many advantages. The estates of persons dying intestate are
• 26:13
  Speaker 1: distributed analogous to the custom of gavelkind and Kent. The
• 26:18
  Speaker 1: heir at law of such intestate shall be entitled to
• 26:22
  Speaker 1: and receive a double portion or two shares, of the
• 26:25
  Speaker 1: real estate left by such intestate, saving the widow's right
• 26:29
  Speaker 1: of dower. The remainder to be equally distributed among all
• 26:34
  Speaker 1: the children or their legal representatives, including in the distribution
• 26:38
  Speaker 1: the children of the half blood, and, in case there
• 26:42
  Speaker 1: be no children to the next of kindred in equal degree,
• 26:45
  Speaker 1: and their representatives, provided that children advanced by settlement or
• 26:51
  Speaker 1: portions not equal to the other shares shall have so
• 26:55
  Speaker 1: much of the surplusage as shall make the estate of
• 26:58
  Speaker 1: all to be equal, except the US air at law,
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: who shall have two shares or a double portion. End
• 27:07
  Speaker 1: of Section fourteen. Recording by Roger Molin