Latest / Reformed Thinking / Introduction to the Work of Christ
Transcript
- 0:00Welcome to Reform Thinking. I'm really glad you could join
- 0:02us Today. We're doing a deep dive into,
- 0:04well, the incredible scope of Christ's work.
- 0:07What we want to do is get a clearer picture of who Jesus is,
- 0:10his unique person, and everything he accomplished for
- 0:14us, for humanity. We'll approach this using 2 main
- 0:16frameworks. First, his three basic
- 0:18functions, you know, Prophet, Priest and King.
- 0:21And 2nd, the two main stages of his work, his humiliation and
- 0:24then his exaltation. It's quite a structure, but it
- 0:27really helps unpack things. It really does, and it's so
- 0:29vital to remember this isn't just, you know, academic head
- 0:32knowledge. Understanding Christ's work is
- 0:34absolutely fundamental to grasping the core of Christian
- 0:37belief. It helps us appreciate why Jesus
- 0:39specifically was uniquely suited for his role within the Trinity,
- 0:43and it highlights the grand task he came to accomplish our
- 0:46salvation. It shows how it all fits
- 0:48together. Right.
- 0:49So let's start with that first framework, how his work is often
- 0:52categorized. Traditionally, people talk about
- 0:54the offices of Christ, prophet, priest, and king.
- 0:58It's a very common way to think about it.
- 1:00But you mentioned there's been a bit of a shift in modern
- 1:03theological discussions, maybe favoring different terminology.
- 1:07What's behind that? Yeah, that's a really insightful
- 1:09question. It gets into how we understand
- 1:11Jesus active role. The term offices has a long
- 1:15history, a very significant one. I mean thing of John Calvin, he
- 1:18gave it a lot of attention in his institutes, but more
- 1:21recently many theologians lean towards using the word functions
- 1:25instead. Now the goal isn't to throw out
- 1:27the old understanding, but maybe to refine it a bit.
- 1:29Refine it how? Is there a potential downside to
- 1:32thinking in terms of offices? Well, one main concern,
- 1:35especially looking back at, say, Protestant scholasticism, that
- 1:38period of really detailed systematic theology, was a
- 1:42tendency to separate these roles too sharply, almost like viewing
- 1:45them in isolation. You know, like distinct job
- 1:48descriptions. He switched between, rather than
- 1:50seeing them as deeply interwoven aspects of his one mission, GC
- 1:55Berkauer, for instance, he cautioned against making these
- 1:58categories too rigid or sort of artificial.
- 2:01OK, so the worry is it might sound a bit too formal, maybe
- 2:05even a bit bureaucratic, like job titles rather than active
- 2:08roles. Exactly.
- 2:10Office can sometimes carry that institutional feel which might
- 2:13unintentionally, you know, obscure the really dynamic and
- 2:16personal nature of what Christ did.
- 2:18Shifting to functions often described as revealing, ruling
- 2:21and reconciling tries to keep the focus on the unified nature
- 2:24of his work. Burkhauer himself often spoke of
- 2:27the office singular to stress that unity.
- 2:30And you see others trying different words to, like Dale
- 2:33Moody using prophet, priest and potentate.
- 2:36It keeps the idea, but maybe frames the kingly part of it
- 2:38differently. The core point is it's all one
- 2:41seamless work. That distinction is helpful.
- 2:44Thinking of them as active functions or even commissions
- 2:47really highlights Jesus as the Messiah, doesn't it?
- 2:50The anointed 1. So what specific roles was he
- 2:55anointed for? Yes, precisely.
- 2:57Anointing in the Old Testament set people apart.
- 2:59Priests, prophets, kings. Especially.
- 3:02So when we call Jesus the Christ, the anointed One, we're
- 3:04asking anointed for what? And the really vital insight
- 3:08which comes through strongly in our sources is that all three
- 3:11aspects revealing truth, ruling his Kingdom and reconciling us
- 3:14to God, They are absolutely inseparable.
- 3:17You can't really downplay one or treat them like separate tasks.
- 3:19They're all woven together in his complete work.
- 3:22OK, with that unified picture in mind, let's zoom in on each
- 3:25function, starting with the revelatory role, the prophetic
- 3:27one. This is where we see Jesus as
- 3:29the ultimate revealer of God's truth, showing us God in a way
- 3:33no one else possibly could. Absolutely.
- 3:35And it's very clear from the Gospels that Jesus saw himself
- 3:38this way and others recognized him as a prophet.
- 3:41He even said himself, remember a prophet Lex honor in his
- 3:45hometown. That's in Matthew.
- 3:47And you see the crowds recognizing this too.
- 3:49Like during the triumphal entry, people ask, who is this?
- 3:51And the answer was this is Jesus the prophet from Nazareth, his
- 3:55own disciples on the road to Emmaus.
- 3:58They described him as a prophet, powerful in Word and deed.
- 4:02That's in Luke. John's gospel also shows people
- 4:05calling him the prophet. Like after the feeding of the
- 4:075000 or the man born blind he healed calling him a prophet.
- 4:11Even the opposition, the Pharisees, tried to argue
- 4:13against him being a prophet based on his Galilean origin,
- 4:16which ironically shows that people were seeing him as one.
- 4:19And this wasn't just a new idea. His prophetic role actually
- 4:22fulfilled specific Old Testament prophecies, didn't it?
- 4:25It brought a long held expectation to reality.
- 4:28Exactly right, Peter. In Acts chapter 3, he explicitly
- 4:31connects Jesus to that promise Moses made way back in
- 4:34Deuteronomy 18. Moses said God would raise up a
- 4:37prophet like him from among the Israelites, and Peter says
- 4:40that's Jesus. So Jesus wasn't just the
- 4:43promised king from David's line, but also the ultimate prophet in
- 4:46Moses line. It's a consistent thread.
- 4:48OK, so he was a prophet, but what made his prophetic ministry
- 4:52stand out? How is he different, really
- 4:54different from all the prophets before him?
- 4:57This is where his unique person, his deity, makes all the
- 5:00difference. You see, other prophets were
- 5:02messengers sent by God. They delivered a message from
- 5:05God. But Jesus came from the very
- 5:07presence of God Himself. He is the Word, the Logos, the
- 5:10divine reason as John chapter 1 puts it, the light that
- 5:13enlightens everyone. Because of who He is, He can
- 5:16reveal the Father in a way no mere human messenger ever could.
- 5:20John 1.18 is key here. No one has ever seen God, but
- 5:23the one and only Son has made Him known.
- 5:25Wow. So he wasn't just carrying a
- 5:26message about God, he was the message embodied.
- 5:29That's a huge difference. It really is.
- 5:31Think about his claims he claimed pre existence before
- 5:34Abraham was born. I am that echoes God's name
- 5:37reviewed to Moses. He spoke of coming down directly
- 5:39from heaven. John chapter 3 touches on that.
- 5:41And remember when Philip asked to show us the Father?
- 5:44Jesus's response was staggering. Anyone who has seen me has seen
- 5:48the Father. John 14.9 that shows his whole
- 5:51being, His actions, his life itself was a revelation of God's
- 5:54reality. Not just words about God, but
- 5:56God made visible. The writer to the Hebrews drives
- 5:59this home in chapter 1, saying Jesus is the climax of all
- 6:02revelation, far superior to prophets, even to angels.
- 6:05He's the radiance of God's glory, the exact representation
- 6:08of his being. OK, his personhood was the
- 6:11ultimate revelation, but what about his actual teaching, the
- 6:14words he spoke? Did his style or message echo
- 6:16the Old Testament prophets? Oh, definitely.
- 6:19In many ways, yes. His message certainly included
- 6:22those stark declarations of doom and judgment.
- 6:25Think of the prophets like Amos. Jesus pronounced woes on towns
- 6:28that didn't repent, chorus and Bethsaida Capernaum.
- 6:31Matthew 11 has that, and his judgments on the scribes and
- 6:34Pharisees in Matthew 23 are incredibly strong.
- 6:37Very prophetic in tone, condemning sin, calling for
- 6:40repentance. That was central.
- 6:41He wasn't only about judgment, right?
- 6:44Like Isaiah, he brought good news, too.
- 6:46Absolutely. Just like Isaiah spoke of good
- 6:49news and salvation, Jesus proclaimed the good news of the
- 6:52Kingdom. Think of his parables in Matthew
- 6:5413. The Kingdom like a hidden
- 6:56treasure or a Pearl of great price.
- 6:57It shows the immense value and joy of finding it.
- 7:00And his words of comfort in John 14, promising peace, his
- 7:03presence, the Holy Spirit preparing a place that sounds a
- 7:06lot like the comfort you find in Isaiah 40.
- 7:08Plus his teaching style often used parables and a kind of
- 7:12poetic structure very much like the Old Testament prophets.
- 7:15He even adapted some other parables like the Vineyard
- 7:17parable from Isaiah 5, which he retells in Matthew 21.
- 7:20It shows that continuity. It's also interesting how his
- 7:23revelatory work wasn't just confined his time on Earth.
- 7:26You're saying it's stretched before and continues even now?
- 7:29That's right, it spans across time.
- 7:32Before his incarnation, He was the Logos, the divine Word, the
- 7:35Light, enlightening everyone. According to John 1.
- 7:38All true understanding comes through him, and Peter tells us
- 7:42in his first letter that the Spirit of Christ was working in
- 7:44the Old Testament prophets, revealing things about his
- 7:47future suffering and glory. It's also quite likely, though
- 7:50theologians discuss the details, that he was involved in those
- 7:53Old Testament appearances of God, the theophanies, like the
- 7:56burning Bush or the pillar of cloud.
- 7:58So God was being made known through him even back then.
- 8:01That's the idea. Then, obviously his earthly
- 8:04ministry was the peak of direct revelation.
- 8:06He spoke divine truth and his very life demonstrated God's
- 8:10character. Hebrew says He's the ultimate
- 8:12revelation, better than prophets or angels.
- 8:15And it keeps going even after he ascended.
- 8:17How does that work? Yes, it continues powerfully
- 8:20through the church, guided by the Holy Spirit.
- 8:23Jesus promised his presence would continue, I am with you
- 8:25always. And crucially, he promised the
- 8:27Spirit would come to teach, to remind them of his words, to
- 8:30guide them into all truth. John 14 and 16 talk about this.
- 8:34The Spirit's work isn't separate from Christ.
- 8:37The Spirit glorifies Christ and reveals them.
- 8:39So Jesus is still revealing truth through the Spirit,
- 8:42through the apostles initially, and now through the church.
- 8:46It helps make sense of Luke saying in Acts that his gospel
- 8:48was about what Jesus began to do and teach, implying it
- 8:51continues. And there's a final future
- 8:53revelation still coming. Exactly.
- 8:56The ultimate unveiling happens at his second coming.
- 8:58The Greek word used is apocalypsis, revelation.
- 9:02Then all the barriers to knowing God fully will be gone.
- 9:05We'll see him face to face as Paul says in First Corinthians
- 9:0813 and John says in his first letter, We'll be like him, for
- 9:11we shall see him as he is, a complete revelation.
- 9:14That's incredibly comprehensive. But, you know, I recall hearing
- 9:18that some views historically maybe tended to focus only on
- 9:22this prophetic role, almost separating it out.
- 9:25That's a really important point in the history of theology.
- 9:28Yes. Certain liberal interpretations,
- 9:30particularly in the 19th and early 20th centuries, did tend
- 9:33to emphasize Christ almost exclusively as a great teacher
- 9:36or revealer. This sometimes led to views like
- 9:39the moral influence theory of the atonement, where his death
- 9:42was seen mainly as demonstrating God's love to inspire us rather
- 9:45than, you know, dealing with sin directly.
- 9:48But our sources really stressed that this is an incomplete
- 9:50picture. His teaching itself, his
- 9:52prophetic words often pointed directly to his Kingdom and his
- 9:55atoning death. Mark 10.45 is a prime example.
- 9:59He came to give his life as a ransom.
- 10:01So you just can't pull these functions apart.
- 10:03Prophet, priest, king, they're all tied together, each vital
- 10:06for the whole picture. That really clarifies things.
- 10:08Can't just isolate 1 aspect. OK, let's pivot then to his role
- 10:12as king. Ruler over everything.
- 10:14Right, the kingly function. And the Bible is just saturated
- 10:17with this idea. The Gospels constantly present
- 10:19Jesus as the promised king, the fulfillment of prophecies like
- 10:22Isaiah 9 about the government resting on his shoulders, ruling
- 10:25on David's throne forever. Hebrews applies Psalm 45
- 10:28directly to him. Your throne, O God, will last
- 10:31forever and ever. And Jesus himself talked plainly
- 10:34about his Kingdom in Matthew 13. He talks about the Son of Man
- 10:38sending angels to deal with sin in his Kingdom in Matthew 19.
- 10:42He talks about sitting on his glorious throne in the new
- 10:44creation. And of course, Palm Sunday, the
- 10:46crowds explicitly hailed him as king, shouting Hosanna to the
- 10:50Son of. David, that's undeniable
- 10:51scriptural backing. But I think for a lot of us,
- 10:53maybe it feels like his full kingship is still mostly future.
- 10:56We look around the world and doesn't always look like he's in
- 10:59charge right now. Is his rule present or just
- 11:01coming later? That's a very understandable
- 11:03feeling, and it's easy to think of his rule as mainly future
- 11:06because, well, we don't always see clear empirical proof of it
- 11:09day-to-day. But Scripture insists his rule
- 11:12is active right now. First, think about his control
- 11:16over the entire universe. Giant 1.3.
- 11:18Through him all things were made.
- 11:20Colossians 1.17. In him all things hold together.
- 11:24The whole cosmos exists and functions because of his power
- 11:27and will. He sustains everything.
- 11:29Remember when Jesus said if the disciples were quiet, the stones
- 11:32would cry out? Luke 19.
- 11:34That's a subtle hint at his authority over creation itself.
- 11:37Wow, even creation itself is under his active rule.
- 11:39That's huge. It is.
- 11:41Second, His Kingdom is definitely present and active in
- 11:43the Church. Colossians.
- 11:45One point, as seen calls him Head of the Body, the Church.
- 11:48He's actively leading and guiding his people.
- 11:50The Church is the sphere where his authority is explicitly
- 11:53acknowledged and followed. And 3rd, maybe most personally
- 11:56for us, His kingship is exercise wherever believers submit to His
- 11:59lordship in their lives. His Kingdom was present in His
- 12:02disciples hearts then and it's present in ours now.
- 12:05When we follow him, it's a present reality.
- 12:07OK, so it's present now, but there's still that future
- 12:10dimension where his rule becomes, well, undeniable to
- 12:13everyone. Yes, precisely.
- 12:15His rule will become complete, total, and universally
- 12:18acknowledged at his second coming.
- 12:20He'll return then, not as a humble servant, but as the
- 12:22conquering Lord and Judge of all.
- 12:25His reign, which is real now but often hidden or contested, will
- 12:29become visible and absolute. Philippians 2 describes that
- 12:33moment powerfully. God exalted him so that at the
- 12:36name of Jesus every knee should bow and every tongue
- 12:39acknowledged that Jesus Christ is Lord.
- 12:41That's universal recognition, willing or forced.
- 12:43And again, this kingly role isn't separate from the others,
- 12:46is it? It connects back.
- 12:48Absolutely not Separate. His teaching.
- 12:50Prophetic role was often about his Kingdom, his death and
- 12:53resurrection. Priestly reconciling work were
- 12:55the basis for his exaltation to the throne.
- 12:58It's all one piece. Which leads us perfectly into
- 13:00that third function. Yeah, the priestly work, his
- 13:03role in reconciling God and humanity.
- 13:05Yes, the reconciling work and a major focus here is his ministry
- 13:10of intercession, praying for others.
- 13:11We see him doing this during his earthly life.
- 13:14He actively prayed for his disciples.
- 13:16The most famous example is that long prayer in John 17, his high
- 13:19priestly prayer, where he prays for their joy, protection from
- 13:23evil, their unity, and he specifically prayed for Peter.
- 13:26Remember that his faith wouldn't fail when Satan wanted to sift
- 13:29him like wheat. Luke 22 tells us that it shows
- 13:31his personal care. And that praying, that
- 13:33intercession, it didn't stop when he left Earth, it continues
- 13:37now from heaven. That's quite a comforting idea.
- 13:39It absolutely continues and yes, it is deeply comforting He
- 13:42carries on this intercession for all believers from his position
- 13:45with the Father. Romans 8 makes it crystal clear
- 13:48Christ Jesus who died, was raised and is at God's right
- 13:50hand is also interceding for us. And Hebrews 7.25 is even more
- 13:55explicit. He always lives to intercede for
- 13:57those who come to God through him.
- 13:59It's his ongoing current ministry.
- 14:01What exactly is he interceding about?
- 14:03How does his praying help us practically right now?
- 14:05Well, the sources break it down into a few key areas.
- 14:08First, it's justificatory. He's constantly presenting his
- 14:12own perfect righteousness to the Father on our behalf, ensuring
- 14:15our justified status remains secure.
- 14:17Second, it's ongoing advocacy. Since we still sin even after
- 14:20being justified, He pleads our case like a defense attorney
- 14:24based on his sacrifice. He's our advocate.
- 14:27And 3rd, it involves our sanctification and protection.
- 14:30He prays for us to grow in holiness, to become more like
- 14:32him, and he prays for our protection from temptation and
- 14:35the attacks of the Evil 1. So he's actively working for our
- 14:39standing before God, our defense when we fail, and our growth and
- 14:42safety. So he's constantly acting as
- 14:44that bridge between US and God. He is, and this naturally flows
- 14:47into his role as mediator. First Timothy 2.5 calls him the
- 14:50one mediator between God and mankind, the man Christ Jesus.
- 14:54He's uniquely qualified because he's both fully God and fully
- 14:57human, a perfected humanity united with his deity.
- 15:00Only he can stand in that gap and bring God and humanity
- 15:03together. And just to reiterate, this
- 15:04priestly work isn't isolated either.
- 15:06Connects to him revealing truth as prophet and ruling as king.
- 15:09Precisely. It's all one unified work.
- 15:12He intercedes for the people he taught and over whom he reigns.
- 15:16Each function supports the others.
- 15:18OK, we've got a good handle on the three functions.
- 15:21Now let's turn to those two main stages of his work, starting
- 15:24with the stage of humiliation. This involves a series of steps
- 15:29downward from his original glory.
- 15:30Yes, the humiliation. And the 1st and arguably the
- 15:34most staggering step is the incarnation itself.
- 15:36John 1.14. The Word became flesh and made
- 15:39His dwelling among us. Philippians 2 describes it
- 15:42beautifully. Though he was in very nature
- 15:44God, He made himself nothing, taking the form of a servant
- 15:47becoming human. Think about what he gave up
- 15:49Equality with God, The immediate, unfiltered presence
- 15:52of the Father and Spirit, The constant praise of angels.
- 15:55Heavenly splendor. He set all that aside to enter
- 15:57our world, our conditions. It's an almost incomprehensible
- 16:00descent. And he didn't exactly arrive in
- 16:02luxury, did he? Not at all.
- 16:04He deliberately came in the form of a servant, born to a humble
- 16:07family in a small town, Bethlehem, born in a stable,
- 16:10laid in a Manger. An animal feeding through these
- 16:13circumstances powerfully symbolize the lowliness he
- 16:16chose. And consider this He, the divine
- 16:19law giver, placed himself under the law.
- 16:21He fulfilled every requirement, circumcision, temple
- 16:24purification rights. Luke chapter 2 mentions these.
- 16:27Galatians 4 explains why this was crucial.
- 16:30By subjecting himself to the law, he could redeem those under
- 16:32the law. He fulfilled it in our place.
- 16:34Now, a point that often causes confusion, what about his divine
- 16:38attributes during this time? Did he stop being God or just
- 16:41not use his powers? That's a really important
- 16:43question, and there have been different views, but the
- 16:46understanding our sources favor, and which seems most consistent,
- 16:49is that Jesus voluntarily chose not to independently exercise
- 16:54his divine attributes during his earthly life.
- 16:57This doesn't mean he stopped being God or lost his
- 16:58attributes, omniscience, omnipotence, etcetera.
- 17:01He retained them, but he chose to use them only in dependence
- 17:04on the Father and in perfect harmony with his genuine human
- 17:07nature. This explains how he could
- 17:09perform miracles, know people's thoughts, yet also genuinely
- 17:12pray, show dependence, and even say he didn't know the timing of
- 17:15his own return. As Mark 13 records, that
- 17:18voluntary limitation was itself a profound act of humiliation.
- 17:22So he truly experienced everything about being human
- 17:25without any divine safety. Exactly.
- 17:27He felt fatigue, weariness, physical pain, hunger.
- 17:30He experienced the deep emotional anguish of betrayal,
- 17:33denial, abandonment, disappointment, distress.
- 17:36He knew it all first hand, authentically, as one of us.
- 17:39His humanity was absolutely real.
- 17:41All of it. The incarnation, the humble
- 17:43life, the suffering, it all led to the lowest point of his
- 17:45humiliation, his death. Yes, His death was the
- 17:48culmination. He who is the life the Creator
- 17:51submitted to death the penalty for sin, even though he himself
- 17:54was sinless. And it wasn't just any death.
- 17:57It was crucifixion, A horribly cruel, slow, agonizing public
- 18:02execution reserved by the Romans for the worst criminals and
- 18:05rebels. It was designed for maximum pain
- 18:08and shame. And the specific circumstances
- 18:10around it just amplified that shame, didn't they?
- 18:13Immensely public mockery from the crowds, abuse from religious
- 18:17leaders, tortured by soldiers, and significantly, during the
- 18:20crucifixion, His very identity and mission were attacked.
- 18:23His prophetic role? Prophecy.
- 18:25Who hit you? His kingship.
- 18:27The sarcastic sign, King of the Jews.
- 18:28The taunts. Save yourself if you're the
- 18:30king. His priestly saving power.
- 18:32He saved others, let him save himself.
- 18:34The cross seemed designed to refute everything he claimed to
- 18:36be. It looked like utter failure.
- 18:38From any human viewpoint, it must have seemed like total
- 18:40crushing defeat. Completely.
- 18:42It looked like sin and evil had won, like his mission was over,
- 18:45failed. His followers scattered in fear
- 18:48and confusion, His voice silenced.
- 18:50That appearance of absolute defeat was a core part of his
- 18:52humiliation. Now there's one element
- 18:54connected to this humiliation stage that often than sparks
- 18:57discussion, and our sources address it, the idea of Christ's
- 19:02descent into Hades. Can you unpack the debate around
- 19:04that? Right, The descent into Hades.
- 19:06This is definitely a point where there's been significant
- 19:08theological discussion and frankly, disagreement.
- 19:12You find it mentioned in later versions of the Apostles Creed.
- 19:14It wasn't in the very earliest forms, maybe appearing around
- 19:178390. The idea was often built by
- 19:20connecting several Bible verses, Psalm 16.0, Ephesians 4.810,
- 19:24First Timothy 3.16, first Peter 3.1819, and First Peter 4.46.
- 19:29Some even saw it as the final step of humiliation and the
- 19:32first step of exaltation, like a victory proclamation.
- 19:35Why is it controversial? What are the main issues
- 19:37theologians raise? The main issue is that when you
- 19:39examine those biblical passages closely, many theologians
- 19:42conclude that none of them clearly and unambiguously teach
- 19:45a literal journey by Christ to a place called Hades after his
- 19:49death and before his resurrection.
- 19:51Some objections, like Rudolf Boltman's involve the idea of an
- 19:55outdated 3 tiered universe picture, but more fundamentally,
- 19:59the source texts themselves are seen by many as.
- 20:02Well, ambiguous or better interpreted in other ways.
- 20:05Could you walk us through some of those interpretation
- 20:07challenges like Psalm 16.10? Sure, Psalm 16.10 says you will
- 20:11not abandon my soul to Sheol or let your holy one see
- 20:14corruption. While some read Sheol as Hades,
- 20:18both Peter and Paul in Acts quote this works primarily as
- 20:21God's promise that Jesus wouldn't be abandoned to death
- 20:24itself and that his body wouldn't decay in the grave.
- 20:26Sheol often just means the state of being dead or the grave, not
- 20:29necessarily a specific underworld location.
- 20:32OK, what about Ephesians 4 mentioning lower earthly
- 20:35regions? Ephesians 4.9 asks what does he
- 20:38ascended mean, except that he also descended to the lower
- 20:41earthly regions. Our sources argue that lower
- 20:44earthly regions most naturally refers simply to the earth
- 20:46itself. It contrasts his coming down
- 20:49from heaven in the incarnation with his later ascending back to
- 20:51heaven. So the descent is his
- 20:54incarnation onto Earth, not a trip somewhere beneath it.
- 20:57And First Timothy 3.16 seen by angels.
- 20:59Yes, that verse lists several witnesses to Christ's identity
- 21:03seen by angels as one. The idea that this refers to
- 21:05fallen angels in Hell seeing him isn't the standard
- 21:08interpretation. It's usually understood as good
- 21:10angels witnessing his incarnation in ministry,
- 21:13confirming his divine mission. That leaves first Peter 3.18 to
- 21:1719, often called the trickiest 1.
- 21:19It really is the most debated. Christ was put to death in the
- 21:22body, but made alive by the Spirit, through whom also He
- 21:25went and preached to the spirits in prison.
- 21:28What does that mean? There have been many theories
- 21:31preaching released to Old Testament Saints, Limbus patrum
- 21:35proclaiming judgment to fallen spirits, offering a second
- 21:37chance. But our sources highlight
- 21:39problems with these. For instance, the word preached
- 21:42Caruso nearly always means proclaiming the gospel, good
- 21:45news, not judgement. Strong alternative readings
- 21:48exist. 1 is that Christ through the Spirit preached through Noah
- 21:52to the disobedient people before the flood, those spirits now in
- 21:55prison due to their disobedience.
- 21:58This would be part of his pre Incarnate work.
- 22:00Another is that he preached by the Spirit to people imprisoned
- 22:03by sin during his earthly ministry.
- 22:05The text doesn't force a post death timing for this preaching.
- 22:09And last one, first Peter 4.6 Gospel preached even to those
- 22:12who are now dead. Right, First, Peter 4.6 mentions
- 22:16this. Our sources say this doesn't
- 22:18imply preaching to people after they died offering a second
- 22:21chance, nor that Christ himself did it in Hades.
- 22:24It's better seen as referring to the Gospel having been preached
- 22:27to people during their lives who have since died, or perhaps to
- 22:30those who were spiritually dead when they heard it.
- 22:32So the conclusion from our sources is pretty clear.
- 22:35There isn't enough solid biblical ground to firmly
- 22:38establish a literal descent into Hades as a required Christian
- 22:41doctrine. The verses used are often
- 22:44ambiguous or interpreted differently within their
- 22:46context. It's a good reminder to base
- 22:48doctrine firmly on clear scriptural teaching.
- 22:51That's a very helpful clarification on the complex
- 22:53point. So the humiliation stage
- 22:54culminates in his death, setting the stage for the powerful
- 22:57reversal, the exaltation stage. This is his triumph, his
- 23:01restoration to glory, even perhaps beyond his previous
- 23:04glory. Exactly.
- 23:05The begins dramatically with the resurrection.
- 23:09This is the first decisive step upward.
- 23:11By rising from the dead, Christ completely overcame death, the
- 23:15ultimate weapon of sin and evil. Death couldn't hold him.
- 23:18This demonstrates the totality of His victory.
- 23:21As one theologian, Samuel Rayne, put it, the resurrection isn't
- 23:24just an event. It's the start of the last days,
- 23:27ushering in a new era of Christ's powerful presence.
- 23:30What evidence do we have for this given then?
- 23:32As you said, no one actually saw the moment he rose.
- 23:35That's key. While no one saw the instant it
- 23:37happened, the evidence is substantial.
- 23:40First, the empty tomb. His enemies wanted to disprove
- 23:44the resurrection. Producing the body would have
- 23:46ended it, but they never could. Second, the appearances.
- 23:49Numerous credible witnesses, individuals, groups, men, women,
- 23:53over a period of time, testified they saw, spoke with, even ate
- 23:57with the risen Jesus. These weren't hallucinations.
- 24:00They were varied in concrete experiences.
- 24:03And maybe the most powerful evidence is the transformation
- 24:05of the disciples. They went from terrified and
- 24:08hiding to bold, unstoppable preachers of the resurrection,
- 24:11willing to die for that truth. Something dramatic must have
- 24:14happened to 'cause that change the resurrection is the best
- 24:17explanation. What about his resurrection
- 24:19body? It seems a bit mysterious he
- 24:21could eat had wounds. Yet Paul talks about a spiritual
- 24:24body and says flesh and blood can't inherit the Kingdom.
- 24:27How does that work? That's a perceptive point about
- 24:30the nature of his body. Theologians often understand
- 24:33this as a 2 step process for Jesus.
- 24:36First, the resurrection itself, where his body was glorified but
- 24:39still physical enough to eat, be touched, and bare wounds
- 24:42recognizable yet clearly changed, like appearing in
- 24:45locked rooms. Then our sources suggest a more
- 24:48complete transformation occurred at his ascension, when his body
- 24:51fully became the spiritual body Paul describes in First
- 24:54Corinthians 15, adapted perfectly for the heavenly
- 24:57realm. But the core point is the
- 24:59meaning of the resurrection. It was his fundamental victory
- 25:02over sin and death, freeing him from the curse he bore for us.
- 25:05So after the resurrection comes the Ascension, and then taking a
- 25:08seat this session at the Father's right hand.
- 25:10Let's talk about the ascension first.
- 25:12Right. The ascension is the next major
- 25:14step. This involved Jesus visibly
- 25:16leaving the conditions of earth and returning to his place of
- 25:19glory and authority with the Father.
- 25:21He predicted this himself several times in John's Gospel.
- 25:25Luke describes it vividly in his gospel and in Acts, and Paul and
- 25:28Hebrews refer to it often. It's vital to see it not just as
- 25:31going up physically, like heaven is just up there.
- 25:34It was more a change of state, a transition into a different
- 25:37dimension of reality. Completing that bodily
- 25:39transformation started at the resurrection.
- 25:41What's the real significance of him ascending?
- 25:44Why was that necessary? It's hugely significant.
- 25:47By ascending, he left behind earthly limitations, pain,
- 25:52suffering, hostility, unbelief. He entered into the immediate
- 25:55presence of the Father and the unending praise of heaven.
- 25:58Philippians 2 says God highly exalted him at this point,
- 26:02giving him the name above all names.
- 26:03It suggested. A new stanza was added to
- 26:05heavenly praise. Because he had now personally
- 26:07conquered death. He ascended and remains the God
- 26:10man. It's a continuing incarnation,
- 26:12but now with a perfected humanity perfectly suited for
- 26:14his role as mediator. He remains the God man, our
- 26:17mediator. Exactly.
- 26:19Still fully God, still truly human, but in a glorified state.
- 26:23That's why I First Timothy 2, who calls him the one Mediator,
- 26:26the Man Christ Jesus. He bridges heaven and earth.
- 26:30And there were specific reasons he needed to depart,
- 26:32particularly concerning the Holy Spirits arrival.
- 26:34Yes, very critical reasons, He told the disciples he was going
- 26:38to prepare a place for them. John 14 But maybe even more
- 26:41immediately crucial, his departure was necessary for the
- 26:44Holy Spirit to come in a new way.
- 26:46John 16.7 Unless I go away, the Advocate will not come.
- 26:49Why? Because the Spirit could then
- 26:51indwell believers internally working within them in a way
- 26:54Jesus external presence couldn't.
- 26:56This internal access empowers believers for greater works John
- 27:0014.12 and ensures the Triune God's presence with us always.
- 27:03Matthew 28 point. One OK, so he ascends and then
- 27:06he takes his seat, the session of the Father's right hand.
- 27:09What does that position signify? Is he just resting?
- 27:11Definitely not resting that position.
- 27:13The right hand is the place of supreme honor, authority, and
- 27:16active rule. Think of ancient courts.
- 27:19Jesus himself spoke of the Son of Man sitting at the right hand
- 27:22of the mighty. 1 Matthew 26.64. Acts 2 confirms he's exalted
- 27:26them there. From that position, he's
- 27:28actively reigning and as we discussed earlier, continually
- 27:31interceding for believers. Hebrews 7.25.
- 27:34It's a position of active power and advocacy.
- 27:37And the final piece of his exultation, the ultimate
- 27:39demonstration of his victory, is still future, his second coming.
- 27:42That's right, the final act. We don't know when, but
- 27:45scripture is clear. He will return, and when he
- 27:47does, his victory will be complete and undeniable to all.
- 27:50He'll return not in humility, but as the conquering Lord and
- 27:53the Judge of everyone. His reign, currently real but
- 27:56contested, will become total and visible.
- 27:58He will return in glory. Matthew 25.31, a stunning
- 28:02contrast to His first coming. And then Philippians 2 says
- 28:05every knee will bow and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ
- 28:08is Lord. Universal acknowledgement of His
- 28:10rightful rule. What an incredible scope we've
- 28:12covered today. From his deepest humiliation,
- 28:15emptying, himself, suffering, dying, all the way to his
- 28:18glorious exaltation, rising, ascending, reigning, and tying
- 28:23it all together with his ongoing work as prophet, priest, and
- 28:25king. It really shows how perfectly
- 28:28suited he was for everything God planned.
- 28:30It truly does paint a complete picture.
- 28:32His humiliation wasn't an end in itself, It was the necessary
- 28:36path to his exaltation. His death laid the foundation
- 28:39for his resurrection and reign, and he's not finished.
- 28:42He's actively ruling from heaven, interceding for his
- 28:45people, and revealing God's truth through the Spirit.
- 28:47It's a dynamic, ongoing reality. So as we wrap up, here's
- 28:51something to really ponder. Given everything we've discussed
- 28:53about Christ's complete work, His journey from humiliation to
- 28:56exaltation, his continuous roles as our revealer, ruler, and
- 29:00reconciler, what does this current ongoing activity truly
- 29:03mean for you in your daily life? Yeah, how I might really
- 29:06acknowledging his present reign, his active intercession right
- 29:10now, reshape how you view your circumstances, your struggles,
- 29:14your hopes. He's not just a figure from
- 29:16history, He's the living, reigning Lord.
- 29:18How does that truth change things for you today?
- 29:21That's definitely a truth worth carrying with you.
- 29:23Thank you so much for joining us for this deep drive on Reformed
- 29:25thinking. We hope considering these things
- 29:27help shape your understanding of God's amazing plan in Christ.
- 29:31We look forward to having you with us again soon for another
- 29:33deep dive.