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8.9.25 - Part 1 · Children's Hour

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  Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to Reised Children's Story Hour. It's a
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  reminder is a reading service intended for people who are
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  blind or of other disabilities that make it difficult to
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  reprinted materials. Today we will be reading from various books
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  on trees. Your reader today is Diane. We will begin
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  with a book, The Magic and Mystery of Trees. It
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  was published by Penguin DK, a division of Penguin Random House,
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  and it's a copyright year of twenty nineteen and the
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  author is Jin Green. What is a tree? A tree
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  is a huge plant that towers above us. You find
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  trees standing alone in people's yards, are clustered together in
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  thick forest. Trees are true wonders of nature. Some species
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  can grow taller than fifty cars stacked on top of
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  each other. Trees can live for hundreds of years, and
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  the very oldest are thousands of years old. Every part
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  of a tree works together, from the deepest roots that
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  burrow through the earth to the smallest leaf on the
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  highest branch. Every part of a tree is working hard
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  to help it survive. When you get to know these
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  silent giants, you'll never look at trees the same way again.
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  Where in the world from rocky coast to lush valleys.
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  Trees are found almost everywhere forests or places where many
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  trees grow together. Ken's most famous tree, the maple, produces
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  maple syrup. The world's tallest trees, redwoods live in western
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  North America. The biggest rainforest in the world is the
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  Amazon in South America. Tropical rainforests grow close to the
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  equator around the Earth's middle, where it is very hot
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  all year round. Monkey puzzle trees grow in Chili at
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  the tip of South America. Broadly forests to grow in
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  parts of North America and Europe with mild climates. Forest types.
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  There are three main types of forest, broadly forest, conifer forest,
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  and rainforest. Each of these forests is made up of
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  different types of trees. A huge conifer forest stretches across
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  northern North America, Russia, and northern Europe. These places have long,
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  snowy winters. Coconut seeds can float for miles before finding
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  a place to grow. Eucalyptus of gum trees grow in
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  Australia's dry forest. They keep their leaves all year round.
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  Carie pines live only in New Zealand. They can get
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  very old and large forests cover almost a third of
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  Earth's dry land. How trees live? You've never seen a
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  tree eat a bowl of noodles or a peanut butter sandwich,
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  So what do they eat? As long as it has sunlight, water,
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  and a gas called carbon dioxide, a tree can live, grow,
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  and even make its own foods. The amazing food making
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  process of plants is called photosynthesis. Trees are tough, but
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  they must stay warm to survive. The water and the
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  trees leaves freezes, it can't make food for itself. Mil time,
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  a tree's green leaves soak up light from the sun.
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  Then they use energy from the light to mix carbon
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  dioxide and water. This makes a sugary liquid called sap,
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  which is the tree's food, making oxygen. While they are
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  busy making sap, the trees leaves give off a gas
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  caught oxygen. All animals include us breathe in oxygen and
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  breathe out carbon dioxide. There were no plants such as trees,
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  we wouldn't have air to breathe. Summer days, broad leave
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  trees only make food in spring and summer because there
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  is more sunlight. They lose their leaves in the fall.
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  Conifers can have leaves or needles. They keep making food
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  throughout the winter types of trees. With so many trees
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  growing around the world, it can be tricky to tell
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  one leafy plant from another. Luckily, there are only two
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  main families of trees, broad leave trees and conifers. Broad
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  leaves have wide, flat leaves. They all make flowers, although
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  some are almost too small to see. Their seeds ripen
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  inside juicy fruits such as plums or figs. Most broad
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  leaved trees drop their leaves and fall and grow new
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  ones in the spring. Conifer have long, thin leaves called needles.
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  Many conifers are called evergreens because they keep their leaves
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  all year round. Conifer seas are found inside hard, bumpy cones,
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  such as pine cones. The leafy part of the tree
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  above the trunk is called the crown. It comes in
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  different shapes. Many broad leaves trees are wide and round,
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  while conifers are often shaped like cones. The branches of
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  a round tree spread themselves evenly upward and outward from
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  the trunk. A broad tree has branches that spread farther
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  to the sides than upward. These trees have branches that
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  grow up and out to create a wide, flat shape.
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  Oval trees have a rounded shape that is taller than
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  it is wide. A weeping tree is branches that drop
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  down where palms are broad leave trees that grow in
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  hot countries, and like other trees, they don't grow side branches.
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  Some trees have closely packed branches that grow up where
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  many conifers are tom thin a cone shaped trees. Branches
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  get shorter as they go up the trunk, ending in
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  a pointy tip. Parts of a tree. Branches grow from
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  the trunk. They divide to form smaller branches, which end
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  in twigs. Leaves sprout from twigs. Flowers and fruit grow
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  from twigs. At certain times of the year canopy high
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  above the ground. Twigs and leaves weave together to form
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  a dense, dark blanket called the canopy. The stump. When
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  a tree is cut down or its trunk breaks, it
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  leaves behind a stump. Trunk is a sturdy trunk grows
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  from the ground. It is very strong and supports the
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  weight of the branches. The bark is a thin, tough
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  layer that covers the trunk roots underground. Roots hold the
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  tree steady in the ground wherever they grow. All trees
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  have the same parts roots, A trunk branches and leaves
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  secret roots. In the damp, dark world below, roots spread
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  through the soil to form a woody network. Up to
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  a third of the tree a is hidden underground. Cozy homes.
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  Rabbits and tiny creatures such as worms and beetles live
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  among the roots. Holding tight roots have two main jops. First,
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  they hold the tree firmly in the ground so will
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  not blow over in a storm. Second, they draw water
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  contain minerals from the soil so the leaves can make food.
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  Some trees have a big main root called a taproot.
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  While most roots grow sideways, the tap root shoots straight down.
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  A tree's root network is often whiter than the tree
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  is tall, so that it can find as much water
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  as possible. Trees do most things slowly, but they drink
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  very fast. A big tree can suck in over one
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  hundred gallons of water from the soil every day. Pollution
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  tree roots are very sensitive. They can sense pollution in
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  the soil and avoid it by growing in a different direction.
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  Water seekers the main roots fight into smaller ones. The
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  smallest ones at the end of the root are called rootlets.
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  They are covered in fine hairs that can sense water.
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  Water travels up the roots big and tough. The main
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  roots are strong and woody like branches. Each root tip
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  has a tough cat to push through the soil as
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  it grows. These big roots can extend to the ground
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  up to five feets. Trunk and bark. A tree's trunk
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  supports us branches, just like your skeleton hopes of your body.
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  The trunk has to be very starting to support the
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  huge weight of all the branches. A tree simply wouldn't
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  be a tree without a trunk. Inside the trunk. At
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  the center of the trunk is the heartwood. This grew
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  when the tree was young. It is surrounded by sapwood,
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  which contains tiny tubes that carry water from the roots
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  to the leaves. Between the sapwood and the outer bark
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  is a very thin layer called the folham. This carries
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  sugar from the leaves to the rest of the tree.
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  Tree rings provide clues about the tree's history. Wide rings
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  show years when the tree grew quickly. Narrow rings show
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  when the tree grew only a little because conditions were
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  too cold or dry. Bark like this piling birch bark
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  is the outer layer of the trunk. It stops the
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  tree from drying out and protects it from insects and
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  fung guy. Young trees have smooth bark. As trees get
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  o their bark cracks, pels and becomes more wrinkly, like
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  the bark of this scaly tree. Different types of trees
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  have different bark. Bark is also home to delician licians,
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  like the blotchy yellow ones here. Try making bark prints
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  by rubbing crowns into a piece of paper placed on bark.
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  The texture will come through leaves. Next time your outdoors,
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  take a close look at a leaf. Leaves are very
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  special because it's in the leaves that the tree works
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  its magic by making its own food. Water pumpers. Theins
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  are like tiny pipelines running through the leaf. They take
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  in water from the tubes, and the trunks have wood
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  and carry food made by the leaves to the rest
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  of the tree. Light catchers broad leaf trees spread their wide,
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  flat leaves to capture as much sunlight as possible. Each
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  leaf is like a min it's your solar panel, soaking
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  up energy from the sun. Leaf shapes each tree has
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  leaves with a slightly different shape. They can be long
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  and thin, or wide and round. Flat. Round leaves are
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  good at catching sunlight, but also lose more water. Trees
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  can't move from place to place, but they can very
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  slowly turn their leaves to face the sun. Leaves are
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  green because they contain a natural pigment called chlorophyll, and
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  fall the green phades and other colors than leaves can
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  be seen. They turn yellow, orange, and brown. Follow on
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  one maple tree through the seasons. Spring first shoots after
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  the cold, dark winter. Spring is the season of a
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  new beginning. The weather gets warmer and days grow longer.
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  Trees know when the winter has passed, and spring the
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  tree grows green buds. The buds open, uncurling and spreading
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  new leaves in the sunshine. The tree flowers bloom summer
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  hot days. Like many humans, trees love the sunshine. Summer
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  is the hottest season, when the longest days of the
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  year and the trees are ready to soak up the sunlight.
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  Branches are covered with leaves that form a dense, shady layer.
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  In late summer, the trees fruits start to grow. Trees
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  do most of their growing during the summer months, fall,
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  changing colors, and fall. The weather turns cooler and days
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  get shorter, fruits and nuts ripen, and trees spread their seeds.
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  Flat wide leaves can catch blustery autumn winds, so the
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  tree sheds them to avoid damage to its branches. Its
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  green leaves turn yellow, orange, red, and brown, then drift
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  down to the ground winter frosty flakes. Winter's the cold
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  is season with the shortest days. The tree shedded sleeves.
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  It may look dead, but is only sleeping as it
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  waits for spring. The tree has moved the stalks of
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  sap It's spent all summer making away from its branches
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  and in to its roots. Flowers, fruits, and seeds. Trees
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  need to make new trees for the forests to stay healthy.
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  That's why they grow flowers, fruits, and seeds. The flowers
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  bloom in spring. During the warm days of spring, bees
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  buzz from tree to tree, visiting as many flowers as
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  they can. Seeds are little bundles that contain a whole
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  new tree ready to grow. They ripen in summer and fall.
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  Each seed needs to find a good place to grow. Trees,
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  like all living things, are born, grow and eventually die,
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  but they leave behind the promise of new forests still
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  to come. Flowers. Trees that want to attract insects have large,
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  showy flowers, while once it's red pollen on the wind
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  have tiny, delicate ones. Some tree flowers are so small
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  that they can be tricky to spot, but they have
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  vital work to do. Blossoms and spring apple and cherry
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  trees are covered with flowers we call blossoms. These flowers
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  make the trees look beautiful, but their main job is
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  to tell insects such as bees, that there's a tree
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  ready for them. Did geno flowers have male and female parts.
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  The male part produces pollen, the female part makes eggs.
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  Male pollen must combine with these eggs to make them fertile,
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  and then they can ripen into seeds. Little helpers. Insects
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  visit flowers to drink a sweet liquid called nectar. Any
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  pollen grains from the flower that get on the insect's
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  body rub off inside the next flower the bee visits.
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  This makes the next flower fertile grains of pens stick
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  to the bees hairy body. The bright colors and sweet
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  smells of flowers tell the insects that nectar is ready.
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  Pine and fir trees spread their pollen on the winds
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  fruits and seeds. Once the tree flowers have been made
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  fertile by pollen, it is time for seeds to grow.
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  They can develop inside fruits, cones, hard shells, or papery
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  covers conifer seeds. Most conifer trees make their seeds inside cones,
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  not fruits. When the seeds are ripe, the cones open
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  the light. Papery seeds tumble out and blow away on
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  the breeze. You and juniper are unusual conifers. They make
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  small bitter berries. Birds love them fruits. You've ever enjoyed
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  a crisp apple or juicy cherry. You've eaten the fruit
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  of a rod leave tree. Mangoes, peaches, and cherries contain
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  just one large seed called a stone. Apples, oranges, and
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  lemons have many small seeds called pips, blown on the wind.
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  Tree seeds must be scattered far and wide so that
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  new trees can grow. Some seeds are scattered by the wind. Sycamore, maple,
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  and ash trees have light winged seeds that spin through
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  the air, carried by currants. Trees that live by rivers
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  and oceans make seeds that float the current carries them away.
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  Coconut palms grow on the seashore in warm places. Right
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  coconuts PLoP into the water, the tide washes them away
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  to take root on distant coasts. Coconuts are light enough
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  to float animal assistance. Animals live The bright colors and
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  mouth watering smells of fruit. Trees get animals to spread
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  their seeds for them by putting them inside delicious adventure
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  time for children. The best place to grow up is
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  near our parents, who provide everything we need. Trees are
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  very different. They like their seeds to travel alone to
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  distance places. Fast moving animals provide a perfect transportation system.
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  Buried nuts in file. Squirrels and blue jays prepare for
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  winter by burying nuts and acorns. These nuts provide a
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  handy source of food during the long bleak months of winter,
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  as long as the animal doesn't forget where its food
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  is buried. Any forgotten seeds will sprout into new trees
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  in the spring. Monkey dung monkeys leave to feast on figs.
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  They can digest the juicy flesh, but the hard seeds
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  pass right through the animal's bodies and come out in
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  their pooh. As the monkeys wander from tree to tree,
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  the seeds in their dung get scattered all over the forest.
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  Monkey pooh contains all the nutrients a seed needs to
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  sprout and grow strong and healthy from seed to tree.
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  Trees are the tallest living things in the world, but
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  they are born from tiny seeds. Growing to the full
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  height can take one hundred years. Here's how young oak
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  sprouts from a little acorn to grow taller than a house.
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  Seeds are full of food to keep the seed lingoing
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  until it can make its own food. Sprouting, the seed
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  lands in moist soil in a warm liked place. Big
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  changes start to happen. The seed swells and the case
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  splits open. A tiny root pokes down to take in water.
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  Small green shoot pushes up through the soil. Once the
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  first leaves unfurl in the sunlight, the young plant can
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  make its own food. A new little tree is born.
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  Growing older. Humans grow during their childhood that we stop
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  when we become adults. Trees are different continue growing. What's more,
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  they can live at least five times as long as
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  we do. At one hundred years old, many trees are
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  still youngsters. Oak trees keep getting wider for five hundred
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  to six hundred years. Taller and wider As the tree
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  gets older, its upward growth slows and finally stops when
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  it reaches full height. But if there is space, its
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  branches and trunk continue getting wider. The trunk of a
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  big old tree grows about one inch wider each year.
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  Lie after death, no living thing goes on forever. Trees
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  can live for hundreds of years, but in the end
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  even they grow old and die. Wind shake the dead
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  tree until its trunk cracks and it comes crashing to
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  the ground a new home, but that's not the end
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  of the story. A dead tree becomes a home for
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  thousands of small creatures that like damp, dark places. Little
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  beests such as plugs, worms, wood lice, centipedeses, insects, and
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  spiders move in. Up to a third of all creatures
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  that live in the forests like to live in or
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  eaten or eat rotten wood. Recycling nutrients. Small creatures and
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  fungi feast on rotten wood and break it down. This
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  allows the raw materials that form the tree to return
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  to the soil. These nutrients feed young trees and other plants,
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  giving them a good start in life. Moss, ferns, and
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  flowers take root in the squishy nutritious wood of rotten
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  logs and tree stumps. Fungi spread their threads through the
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  damp wood, and mushroom sprout from the trunk. The fallen
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  trees have left a gap in the forest canopy, allowing
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  light to reach the ground. This helps ceilings flourish, sometimes
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  as seedling will even sprout from a log. Tree partners.
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  Trees grow and change so slowly that it's hard to
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  tell how busy they really are. Year after year, trees
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  stand still and silent, but there's a lot going on
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  under the surface. Trees are mysterious things. Recently, scientists have
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  found out that the trees and a forest work together.
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  They make friends and support one another. Trees look after
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  their neighbors and mother trees pass food to their children
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  and older trees within the family. We now know trees
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  have senses. They can smell, taste, touch, and feel pain
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  like we do. Trees can sense danger and defend themselves
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  against enemies. We are learning that there's a lot more
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  to trees than we ever imagined. Living together life in
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  the natural world is tough. It's easier for trees to
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  survive when they help one another. Trees living in a
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  forest grow best if all the trees are healthy. If
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  one tree is in trouble, the others help it. Trees
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  also work together to make the forests warmer and more
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  sheltered in winter and cooler damper and shadier in the summer.
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  Family and friends trees of the same species look after
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  one another. Oak, beech, and spruce trees like to share
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  water and food with only their own kind. But in
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  some places trees of different types look out from one another.
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  Too stronger together, trees grow wider until they reach the
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  next tree. This creates a roof of branches and leaves
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  that protects the forest from storms. If too many trees
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  die and leave gaps, strong winds can enter and wreck
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  the forest. The tree is damaged and starts to die,
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  its neighbors will pass it food to keep it alive.
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  Roots roots spread through the soil to form a hidden web.
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  Forest neighbors stand touch with one another and pass food
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  to each other through their roots. Wood wide web trees
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  like to keep in touch with each other. Experts have
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  found that it's not just roots that link the trees
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  in a forest. They are also connected through fungi, the
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  living things we know as much as we know as
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  mushrooms the fungi network. They are sort of like a plant,
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  but they cannot make their own food. Instead, they make
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  a network of threats called high fee, which break down food.
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  The high fee can swap food, water, and even messages
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  with tree roots. Fungi help trees by cleaning up pollution
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  and warding off other types of fungui that can make
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  the trees sick. In return for the fungal network, trees
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  give water and food to their fungi. Forest family trees
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  are the same species act like a family. When a
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  ceiling is struggling, its mother steps into help. Trees that
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  are very old, are damaged, are not forgotten. Even the
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  strongest trees can be attacked by disease or insects and
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  need help every now and then. By helping each other,
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  the trees make sure the forest says as a hose,
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  stays strong. Carrying mothers, full grown trees take care of
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  younger and older trees. Many young trees sprout directly below
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  the mother tree, but the youngsters don't grow well in
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  the shade. The mother keeps them alive by passing them
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  sap in nutrients until they are tall enough to find
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  the light. Older trees often block light from reaching younger ones,
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  far from damaging them. However, it turns out to be
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  helpful because growing slowly when they are young helps trees
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  live longer. Helping hand, this stump can't make food without leaves,
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  but somehow it is still light. The trees of the
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  forests are feeding the old stump through their roots. This
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  stump might even be the full grown trees. Mother stumps
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  can live for hundreds of years without leaves. We will
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  have to finish this story next time, so this concludes
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  our story hour for today. Please join us next time
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  as we will read more stories, fables and fairy tales.
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  Thank you for listening, and please stay tuned for The
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  Lex and Herald Leader on RADIOI