Latest / For the Birds / Birds and Nature, Vol. XII, No 3, October 1902 - Various

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Birds and Nature, Vol. XII, No 3, October 1902 - Various · For the Birds

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  Speaker 1: Section one of Birds and Nature, volume twelve, number three,
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  Speaker 1: October nineteen o two, recorded for LibriVox dot org by Sonia.
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  Speaker 1: Autumn woods ere in the northern Gale. The summer tresses
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  Speaker 1: of the trees are gone. The woods of autumn all
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  Speaker 1: around our vale have put their glory on the mountains
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  Speaker 1: that infold in their wide sweep. The colored landscape round
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  Speaker 1: seem groups of giant kings in purple and gold that
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  Speaker 1: guard the enchanted ground. I roam the woods that crown
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  Speaker 1: the uplands, where the mingled splendors glow, Where the gay
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  Speaker 1: company of trees look down on the green fields below.
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  Speaker 1: My steps are not alone in these bright walks. The
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  Speaker 1: sweet southwest at play flies rustling, where the painted leaves
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  Speaker 1: are strown along the wine Way, and far in heaven
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  Speaker 1: the while the sun that sends that gale to wonder
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  Speaker 1: here pours out on the fair earth his quiet smile,
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  Speaker 1: the sweetest of the year. William Cullen Bryant, end of
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  Speaker 1: section one. This recording is in the public domain. Section
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  Speaker 1: two of Birds and Nature, volume twelve, number three, October
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  Speaker 1: nineteen o two, recorded for Librivoux dot Org by Sonia.
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  Speaker 1: The Philippine sunbird qing Nis hugulares darlings of children and
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  Speaker 1: of bart perfect kinds of vice unmarred, all of worth
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  Speaker 1: and beauty set gems in Nature's cabinet. These the fables
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  Speaker 1: she esteems reality most like to dreams. Ralph Waldo Amazon Nature.
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  Speaker 1: The sunbirds bear a similar relation to the oriental tropics
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  Speaker 1: that the hummingbirds, due to the warmer regions of the
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  Speaker 1: Western hemisphere. Both have a remarkably brilliant plumage, which is
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  Speaker 1: in harmony with the gorgeous flowers that grow in the
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  Speaker 1: tropical fields. It is probable that natives of Asia first
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  Speaker 1: gave the name sunbirds to these bright creatures because of
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  Speaker 1: their splendid and shining plumage. By the Anglo Indians, they
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  Speaker 1: have been called hummingbirds, but they are perching birds, while
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  Speaker 1: the hummingbirds are not. There are over one hundred species
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  Speaker 1: of these birds. They are graceful in all their motions
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  Speaker 1: and very active in their habits. Like the hummingbirds, they
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  Speaker 1: flit from flower to flower, feeding on the minute insects
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  Speaker 1: which are attracted by the nectar, and probably to some extent,
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  Speaker 1: on the honey, for their tongues are fitted for gathering it. However,
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  Speaker 1: Their habit while gathering food is unlike that of the
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  Speaker 1: humming bird, for they do not hover over the flower,
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  Speaker 1: but perche upon it while feeding. The plumage of the
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  Speaker 1: males nearly always differs very strongly from that of the females.
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  Speaker 1: The brilliantly colored patches are unlike those of the hummingbirds,
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  Speaker 1: for they blend gradually and are not sharply contrasted, though
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  Speaker 1: the iridescent character is just as marked. The bills are
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  Speaker 1: long and slender, finely pointed and curved. The edges of
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  Speaker 1: the mandibles are finely serrated. The nests are beautiful structures,
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  Speaker 1: suspended from the end of a bough or even from
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  Speaker 1: the underside of a leaf. The entrance is near the top,
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  Speaker 1: and usually on the side. Over the entrance, a projecting
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  Speaker 1: portico is often constructed. The outside of the nest is
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  Speaker 1: usually covered with coarse materials, apparently to give the effect
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  Speaker 1: of a pile of rubbish. Two eggs are usually laid
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  Speaker 1: in these cozy homes, but in rare instances three have
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  Speaker 1: been found. The Philippine sunbird of our illustration is a
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  Speaker 1: native of the Philippines and is found on nearly all
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  Speaker 1: the islands from luzon to mindanao. The throat of the
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  Speaker 1: male has beautiful iridescence shaded with green, while that of
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  Speaker 1: the female shown on the nest is yellow. End of
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  Speaker 1: section two. This recording is in the public domain. Section
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  Speaker 1: three of Birds and Nature volume twelve, number three, October
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  Speaker 1: nineteen o two. Recorded for LibriVox dot org by Sonia.
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  Speaker 1: Fly white butterflies out to sea. Fly white butterflies out
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  Speaker 1: to sea. Frail pale wings for the winds to try,
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  Speaker 1: small white wings that we scarce can see here and
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  Speaker 1: there may a chance called aye fly note in a
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  Speaker 1: score of hue twain or three, brighter or darker of tinge,
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  Speaker 1: or die, some fly light as a laugh of glee,
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  Speaker 1: some fly soft as a long low sigh, all to
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  Speaker 1: the haven where each would be fly swinburn. End of
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  Speaker 1: section three. This recording is in the public domain.
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  Speaker 2: Section four of Birds and Nature, volume twelve, number three,
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  Speaker 2: October nineteen o two. This is a LibriVox recording. All
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  Speaker 2: LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information
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  Speaker 2: or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Section four
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  Speaker 2: The Animal's Fare, Part two, The fair days and weeks
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  Speaker 2: of busy preparation row and promptly at the appointed time,
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  Speaker 2: The animals fare opened in splendor. A large football field
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  Speaker 2: had been secured for the show, and a striking sight
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  Speaker 2: met the eyes of curious men, women and children who
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  Speaker 2: crowded through the gates on the opening day. Two immense
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  Speaker 2: Saint Bernard dogs had been appointed gatekeepers, and the human
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  Speaker 2: crowd were uncommonly respectful and subdued as they paid their
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  Speaker 2: entrance fee of a handful of grain or a juicy bone,
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  Speaker 2: and passed these representatives of animal law. The first thing
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  Speaker 2: to attract the eye as one entered the fair was
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  Speaker 2: a large bandstand which was occupied by a band of
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  Speaker 2: monkeys in red coats and caps, who made up in
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  Speaker 2: quantity what their music lacked in quality, and went through
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  Speaker 2: their performance with a decorum unexcelled by more musical organizations.
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  Speaker 2: The monkeys found themselves more at home in their booth,
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  Speaker 2: which was near the grand stand, the entrance fee to
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  Speaker 2: which was a small sack of peenais Here the delighted
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  Speaker 2: human audience watched an unequaled show of daring rope and
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  Speaker 2: trapeze performances of acrobatic feats which none but fourhanded artists
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  Speaker 2: were able to accomplish and of comical antics such as
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  Speaker 2: only monkeys can go through. The excited children screamed with
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  Speaker 2: laughter and showered peanuts upon the performers, who, following their instincts,
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  Speaker 2: forgot their scheduled program and joined in a wild rush
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  Speaker 2: and squabble over the unexpected treat. Such little episodes were
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  Speaker 2: soon over, however, and the entertainment and forgotten dignity were
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  Speaker 2: resumed together. Next to the monkey's booth was one occupied
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  Speaker 2: by geese, ducks and peacocks, and was one which deserves
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  Speaker 2: especial mention. It was elaborately decorated with garlands of feather
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  Speaker 2: flowers dyed in all the colors of the rainbow, hung
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  Speaker 2: against the background of snowy white feathers. On each side
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  Speaker 2: stood a peacock with gorgeous tail outspread, showing to lovely
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  Speaker 2: effect against the white walls. Behind them, pillows and cushions
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  Speaker 2: of softest feathers, estoons of snowy down trimmings, quills and wings,
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  Speaker 2: and breasts for millinery purposes. Feather boas, feather brushes and dusters,
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  Speaker 2: quill pens and quill toothpicks were displayed to greatest advantage
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  Speaker 2: and offered for sale for a small sum of wheat
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  Speaker 2: or corn. The hogs came next with a large and
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  Speaker 2: elaborate display, which included strings of sausages and dewy hams,
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  Speaker 2: huge glass jars of snowy lard hams and bacon put
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  Speaker 2: up in fancy ways, and piles of canned pork and
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  Speaker 2: deviled ham In another part of the booth were brushes
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  Speaker 2: of all kinds made from hog bristles, soaps manufactured from
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  Speaker 2: otherwise unsaleable parts of hog, anatomy, saddles, and other leather
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  Speaker 2: goods made from the hides, and in a conspicuous position,
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  Speaker 2: a great pile of inflated pigskin footballs, which caught the
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  Speaker 2: eye of every schoolboy who came near the booth. Young
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  Speaker 2: man grunted, one of the boothkeepers to a boy who
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  Speaker 2: is examining this pile of balls. Young man, never despise
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  Speaker 2: a hog, nor deride him for his slowness. There is
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  Speaker 2: nothing more lively than a pig skin, when properly inflated.
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  Speaker 2: It is a thing for the possession of which the
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  Speaker 2: representatives of the largest colleges are proud to contend. And
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  Speaker 2: he is the hero of the day who carries the
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  Speaker 2: pig skin to a winning touchdown. Why college students will
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  Speaker 2: leave their books behind them, will cast aside the cultivation
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  Speaker 2: of their brains for the glory of chasing the pigskin
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  Speaker 2: over a muddy field. They will sacrifice life itself in
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  Speaker 2: its pursuit, and count broken limbs and bloody noses as
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  Speaker 2: badgers of honor. Take my advice, buy a pigskin football
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  Speaker 2: and enter at once upon the path of glory. It
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  Speaker 2: is hardly necessary to add that this sail and many
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  Speaker 2: like it, were made during the progress of the fair.
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  Speaker 2: The booth of the wild Birds was the most beautiful
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  Speaker 2: one in the whole display. It was gotten up to
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  Speaker 2: represent a forest glade with shadowy aisles and leafy retreats.
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  Speaker 2: Its carpet was made of grasses and moss and ferns
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  Speaker 2: and flowers. A little fountain cast its waters into a
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  Speaker 2: tiny pool, where birds dipped their wings or quenched their thirst.
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  Speaker 2: Dainty nests were built in many curious ways, some hanging
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  Speaker 2: from the branches, others hiding beneath the grasses or sheltered
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  Speaker 2: by the leaves. A myriad of brilliant birds flitted through
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  Speaker 2: this miniature paradise. The blue bird, the red bird, the
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  Speaker 2: orange and black oriole, the scarlet tanager, golden canaries, and
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  Speaker 2: many others, making up a flashing bouquet of color. Then
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  Speaker 2: there were solos and duets and grand concerts, when thrush
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  Speaker 2: and lark, and canary, and red bird and warbler joined
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  Speaker 2: their voices in a great gush of melody, through which
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  Speaker 2: ran the liquid trills and cadenzas of mocking bird and nightingale.
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  Speaker 2: The quail piped his bob white from the ferns and grasses,
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  Speaker 2: and the parrot, as clown of the occasion, imitated the
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  Speaker 2: human voice in comically jerky efforts. Along the front of
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  Speaker 2: the booth were displayed rows of bottles filled with every
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  Speaker 2: imaginable kind of bug and worm, which the industrious birds
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  Speaker 2: had gathered from orchards and fields, and which were exhibited
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  Speaker 2: as proof of the invaluable aid which the birds give
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  Speaker 2: to man. The cattle display was next on the list,
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  Speaker 2: a notable one and attractive to every man and woman.
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  Speaker 2: There were noble representatives from every breed of cattle, with
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  Speaker 2: the most beautiful, gentle eyed calves that were ever seen.
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  Speaker 2: There was a tempting display of great glass jars of
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  Speaker 2: rich milk and yellow cream, huge cheeses, and golden butter balls,
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  Speaker 2: daintily molded curds, and glasses of whey. There was a
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  Speaker 2: freak tank of delicious iced buttermilk, which was continually surrounded
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  Speaker 2: by a thirsty crowd who drank as if they had
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  Speaker 2: never tasted buttermilk before. Then there were countless varieties of
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  Speaker 2: fancy articles made from horn and bone, pots of glue,
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  Speaker 2: cans of neat's foot, oil, and leather goods of every
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  Speaker 2: possible description. There was dressed beef and jerked beef, and
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  Speaker 2: dried beef, and potted and canned and corned and deviled
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  Speaker 2: and roasted. There was oxtail soup and blood pudding, and
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  Speaker 2: cakes of suet and stacks of tallow candles. There were
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  Speaker 2: hides tanned into soft carriage robes and rugs. There were
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  Speaker 2: bottles of rennet tables. There were fancy colored bladders and
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  Speaker 2: bunches of shoe strings. In short, the articles contained in
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  Speaker 2: this display were beyond enumeration in a short account like this.
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  Speaker 2: The dogs came next, with a wonderful display of fancy
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  Speaker 2: breeds of trick dogs and trained dogs, of dogs little
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  Speaker 2: and big, varying from the shaggy Esquimaux to the skinny,
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  Speaker 2: little hairless Mexican, and from the huge Saint Bernard to
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  Speaker 2: the tiny Terrier. The Newfoundlands gave a life saving exhibition
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  Speaker 2: every day, wherein monkeys dressed as people were rescued from
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  Speaker 2: the water or from buildings supposed to be on fire.
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  Speaker 2: The Saint Bernards dragged frozen traveler monkeys from snow banks
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  Speaker 2: of cotton and carried them on their backs to places
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  Speaker 2: of safety. Cute puppies and clumsy puppies went through their
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  Speaker 2: antics for the amusement of the children, and rolled unconcernedly
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  Speaker 2: over beautiful carriage rugs which were labeled Japanese wolf skin.
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  Speaker 2: The sheep and goats had a booth together, wherein was
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  Speaker 2: a marvelous display of wools and woolen goods, yarns, pelts,
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  Speaker 2: angora furs, kid gloves, kid shoes, rugs, carpets and blankets.
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  Speaker 2: There were ropes of goat's hair which water could not destroy,
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  Speaker 2: and wigs which were destined to cover the heads of
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  Speaker 2: learned judges and barristers. There was a wonderful red tally
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  Speaker 2: ho coach drawn by four snow white goats, driven by
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  Speaker 2: a monkey dressed as a coachman which made the circuit
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  Speaker 2: of the fair grounds every afternoon, while monkey passengers made
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  Speaker 2: the air lively and cleared the way by the loud
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  Speaker 2: notes of their tin horns. This exhibition set the children wild,
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  Speaker 2: and parents were daily teased to buy the charming turn
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  Speaker 2: out for the use of their little human monkeys. The
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  Speaker 2: cats had a display which met with the highest favor
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  Speaker 2: from their little girl visitors. Here were beautiful pussies of
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  Speaker 2: every kind and color, with coats as soft and shiny
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  Speaker 2: as silk. There were numbers of the cunningest kittens, which
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  Speaker 2: rolled and tumbled and went through their most graceful motions
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  Speaker 2: to the unending delight of the little spectators. This booth
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  Speaker 2: was gaily festooned with strings of mice and rats, caught
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  Speaker 2: up here and there by small rabbits, gophers, and moles.
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  Speaker 2: There was a string band that played in this booth
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  Speaker 2: every afternoon to demons straight the superiority of catgut strings
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  Speaker 2: over those made of silk or wire, as used on violins, mandolins, guitars,
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  Speaker 2: and all other stringed instruments. They never failed to announce
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  Speaker 2: that their bows were strung with the finest of horsehair,
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  Speaker 2: which had been supplied by the horses, whose booth was
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  Speaker 2: farther down the grounds. The horses attracted every eye and
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  Speaker 2: aroused much discussion among the visitors as to whether horses
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  Speaker 2: would ever be entirely superseded by automobiles and electric engines.
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  Speaker 2: The children went into ecstasies over the Shetland ponies, and
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  Speaker 2: the ladies declared the Arabian horses too lovely for anything.
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  Speaker 2: Every boy who visited this booth was presented with a
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  Speaker 2: baseball covered with a best of horse hired leather. But
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  Speaker 2: time fails me to tell of all the wonderful things
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  Speaker 2: which this fare presented to the eyes of admiring men.
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  Speaker 2: On one point only was dissatisfaction expressed by the visitors.
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  Speaker 2: There was no midway. President Monkey, when interviewed by a
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  Speaker 2: representative of the Associated Press, in regard to the omission,
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  Speaker 2: made the following remarkable statement, No, it was not a
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  Speaker 2: matter of oversight. The camel volunteered to bring some of
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  Speaker 2: his Arabs to establish the streets of Cairo, and some
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  Speaker 2: of the monkeys were anxious to put in a gay
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  Speaker 2: Paris display. The lions wished to bring some trained wild
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  Speaker 2: men of Borneo for a Hagenbeck show. And the snakes
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  Speaker 2: wanted to do jugglery. You can see that there was
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  Speaker 2: no lack of what misguided people call attractions. The management
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  Speaker 2: discussed the midway from every point of view and decided
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  Speaker 2: that it was entirely too low grade for a first
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  Speaker 2: class entertainment such as we desired to make.
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  Speaker 3: We felt that it.
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  Speaker 2: Would only attract a rough class of visitors whose presence
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  Speaker 2: we did not desire, and so the unanimous decision was,
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  Speaker 2: we will have a good, clean, respectable show, or we
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  Speaker 2: will have no show at all. No, sir, say emphatically
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  Speaker 2: in your despatches, that the midway was intentionally omitted. Such
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  Speaker 2: things may do for men, but beasts will have none
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  Speaker 2: of them. The fare was in every way a success,
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  Speaker 2: being carried through without disturbance of any kind, and coming
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  Speaker 2: out free of debt and with much legal tender in
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  Speaker 2: the treasury. Men were so much impressed by the obligations
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  Speaker 2: which they owe to the animal world that there was
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  Speaker 2: a decided improvement in their treatment of its various representatives.
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  Speaker 2: While this state of affairs cannot be expected to last long,
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  Speaker 2: the animals have learned how to arouse such respect, and
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  Speaker 2: have decided to make the animal fair an annual attraction.
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  Speaker 2: Mary mc cray Calter end of section four recording by Urrigidni.
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  Speaker 3: Section five of Birds in Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
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  Speaker 3: October nineteen o two, Recorded for LibriVox dot Org by
• 18:16
  Speaker 3: David Lawrence. In Wasga Beach, Ontario, September two thousand eighteen,
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  Speaker 3: a day in the morning, the path by the river
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  Speaker 3: sent me a messenger bird. I'm all by myself and lonely.
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  Speaker 3: Come as I waked, I heard. I walked the path
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  Speaker 3: by the water till a daisy spoke and said, I
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  Speaker 3: am so tired of shining. Why don't you pat my head?
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  Speaker 3: So I kissed and fondled the daisy till the clover
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  Speaker 3: upon the lee said it is time for eating. Spread
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  Speaker 3: your luncheon on me. But first I went to the
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  Speaker 3: orchard and gathered the fruit that hung before I answered
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  Speaker 3: the green sward where the clovery grasses swung. Then the
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  Speaker 3: rocks on the hillside called me, and the flowers beside
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  Speaker 3: the way, and I talked with the oaks and maples
• 19:13
  Speaker 3: till night was threatening day. Then I knelt at the
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  Speaker 3: foot of the sunset and laid thereon my prayer, and
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  Speaker 3: the angels star crowned, hurried to carry it up the stair.
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  Speaker 3: And this was the plea I put there. Make me
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  Speaker 3: so pure and good that I shall be worthy the
• 19:32
  Speaker 3: friendship of river and field and wood Usia bell Cook,
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  Speaker 3: end of section five. This recording is in the public domain.
• 19:50
  Speaker 3: Section six of Birds and Nature, Volume twelve, n three
• 19:55
  Speaker 3: October nineteen o two, recorded for LibriVox Org by David Lawrence.
• 20:03
  Speaker 3: The great gray owl Scotiaptex scenaria, through mossy and viny
• 20:10
  Speaker 3: vistas soaked ever with deepest shade, dimly the dull owls
• 20:15
  Speaker 3: stared and stared from Zbosky Ambuscade James Wacombilly, a vision
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  Speaker 3: of summer. The great gray or senarious owl is the
• 20:28
  Speaker 3: largest of the American owls. The appearance of great size, however,
• 20:33
  Speaker 3: is due to its thick and fluffy plumage. Its body
• 20:37
  Speaker 3: is very small, being only slightly larger than that of
• 20:41
  Speaker 3: the barred or hoot owl. The eggs are also said
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  Speaker 3: to be small when compared with the size of the bird.
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  Speaker 3: The range of this handsome owl is practically confined to
• 20:52
  Speaker 3: the most northern regions of North America, where it breeds
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  Speaker 3: from the latitude of Hudson Bay northward. As as forests
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  Speaker 3: extend in the winter, it is more or less migratory.
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  Speaker 3: The distance that it travels southward seems to depend solely
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  Speaker 3: on the severity of the season. It has been captured
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  Speaker 3: in several of the northern United States, from the Atlantic
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  Speaker 3: to the Pacific Oceans. It is related in quote the
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  Speaker 3: hawks and owls of the United States unquote that quote,
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  Speaker 3: Doctor Doll considers it a stupid bird and states sometimes
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  Speaker 3: it may be caught in the hands. Its great predilection
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  Speaker 3: for thick woods in which it dwells, doubtless to the
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  Speaker 3: very limit of trees, prevents it from being an inhabitant
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  Speaker 3: of the barren grounds or other open country in the north.
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  Speaker 3: It is crepuscular or slightly nocturnal in the southern parts
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  Speaker 3: of its range, but in the high North it pursues
• 21:52
  Speaker 3: its prey in the daytime. In the latter region, where
• 21:56
  Speaker 3: the sun never passes below the horizon in summer, it
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  Speaker 3: is undoubtedly necessary and not choice that prompts it to
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  Speaker 3: be abroad in the daylight unquote. Its yellow eyes are
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  Speaker 3: very small and would indicate day hunting proclivities. Doctor A. K.
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  Speaker 3: Fisher states that its quote food seems to consist principally
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  Speaker 3: of hares, mice, and others of the smaller mammals, as
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  Speaker 3: well as small birds unquote. Doctor W. H. Dahl has
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  Speaker 3: taken quote no less than thirteen skulls and other remains
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  Speaker 3: of red pole in its from the crop of a
• 22:34
  Speaker 3: single bird unquote. Specimens in captivity are reported to have
• 22:40
  Speaker 3: relished a diet of fish. Its nest is described as
• 22:43
  Speaker 3: a coarse structure built in the taller trees and composed
• 22:47
  Speaker 3: of twigs and lined with moss and feathers. The note
• 22:50
  Speaker 3: of this great bird is said she be quote a treminuous,
• 22:54
  Speaker 3: vibrating sound somewhat resembling that of a screech owl unquote.
• 23:00
  Speaker 3: The great gray owl is also known as the Great
• 23:03
  Speaker 3: City owl and the spectral owl. Its generic title scotiaptics,
• 23:09
  Speaker 3: is from two Greek words, one meaning darkness and the
• 23:12
  Speaker 3: other to frighten. The dignified man of this great bird
• 23:17
  Speaker 3: may well have been the inspiration that caused the poet
• 23:20
  Speaker 3: to say, art thou grave bird, so wondrous wise, indeed
• 23:25
  Speaker 3: speak freely without fear of jest or gibe? What is
• 23:30
  Speaker 3: thy moral and religious creed? And what the metaphysics of
• 23:34
  Speaker 3: thy tribe end of section six. This recording is in
• 23:40
  Speaker 3: the public domain.
• 23:48
  Speaker 4: Section seven of Birds and Nature Tholum twelve, number three,
• 23:52
  Speaker 4: October nineteen o two. This is a LibriVox recording. All
• 23:57
  Speaker 4: LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information
• 24:01
  Speaker 4: or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by
• 24:05
  Speaker 4: Betty b. My Summer Acquaintances. I spent last summer in
• 24:10
  Speaker 4: a quiet old country place where my only near neighbors
• 24:14
  Speaker 4: were the birds, rabbits, and squirrels. But I formed many
• 24:18
  Speaker 4: pleasant acquaintances among these, and the dearest among them was
• 24:21
  Speaker 4: a pair of little goldfinches that built their nest in
• 24:25
  Speaker 4: the topmost bough of a young pear tree that overshadowed
• 24:29
  Speaker 4: the porch where I spent a great part of my time.
• 24:32
  Speaker 4: I did not discover the nest until the little ones
• 24:35
  Speaker 4: were already hatched. The early June days had been cloudy
• 24:38
  Speaker 4: and cool and had kept me shut in, so I
• 24:41
  Speaker 4: did not have the pleasure of watching my little neighbors
• 24:44
  Speaker 4: build their home. The nest was so carefully hidden among
• 24:48
  Speaker 4: the leafy boughs that no one would have suspected it
• 24:51
  Speaker 4: was there. My attention was first arrested to it one
• 24:54
  Speaker 4: morning by the faint cries of young birds, and on
• 24:58
  Speaker 4: looking up, I saw a little gold finch perched on
• 25:01
  Speaker 4: the topmost bough of the pear tree, bending fondly over
• 25:04
  Speaker 4: what I knew must be the nest. She lingered but
• 25:08
  Speaker 4: a moment, and then darted away to an apple tree
• 25:10
  Speaker 4: near by, where I discovered her mate. He was a
• 25:14
  Speaker 4: tiny little fellow, not much larger than she, but his
• 25:18
  Speaker 4: jacket seemed brighter yellow, and his head in the tips
• 25:21
  Speaker 4: of his wings a glossier black. They rested a moment,
• 25:24
  Speaker 4: seemingly in earnest conversation, then both darted away to a
• 25:29
  Speaker 4: thicket of tall grass and weeds that grew along the
• 25:32
  Speaker 4: banks of a creek that ran near by. It was
• 25:36
  Speaker 4: but a few moments until the little mother was back again,
• 25:39
  Speaker 4: and in her tiny yellow beak I saw the dainty
• 25:42
  Speaker 4: morsel she was carrying to the hungry little family. All
• 25:46
  Speaker 4: day long, back and forth from the nest to the
• 25:49
  Speaker 4: thicket she flew, but the hungry little ones never seemed
• 25:52
  Speaker 4: to be satisfied. The father bird did not come very often,
• 25:56
  Speaker 4: and I wondered if he was spending his time in
• 25:59
  Speaker 4: idleness or seeking pleasure for himself. While the poor little
• 26:03
  Speaker 4: mother was working so arduously for the support of the family.
• 26:07
  Speaker 4: But I hardly think this was the case, for he
• 26:10
  Speaker 4: always came from the same thicket, and they always seemed
• 26:13
  Speaker 4: confidential and happy. He would rest himself daintily on some
• 26:18
  Speaker 4: branch overlooking the nest, and with many quips and turns,
• 26:22
  Speaker 4: watched the mother as she fed the hungry little ones.
• 26:25
  Speaker 4: Sometimes he would bring food himself, and then they would
• 26:28
  Speaker 4: fly away together. I think he was searching for the
• 26:31
  Speaker 4: food and probably gathering it, for sometimes Mistress Goldfinch would
• 26:36
  Speaker 4: be gone but a moment until she would return with
• 26:39
  Speaker 4: the food. Every day, the same scenes were repeated, only
• 26:43
  Speaker 4: the cries of the little ones grew more clamorous, and
• 26:46
  Speaker 4: I could see their gaping mouths as they stretched their necks,
• 26:49
  Speaker 4: each one trying to convince the mother that he was
• 26:52
  Speaker 4: the hungriest bird in the nest. The little mother was
• 26:55
  Speaker 4: always patient and loving. What a lesson to us, who
• 26:58
  Speaker 4: so often chafed and fret under the petty trials of
• 27:02
  Speaker 4: every day life. As the days went by, the young
• 27:05
  Speaker 4: birds grew bolder, and I could see their little yellow
• 27:08
  Speaker 4: bodies as they fluttered and pushed themselves near the edge
• 27:12
  Speaker 4: of the nest, and I knew that there would soon
• 27:15
  Speaker 4: be an empty nest in the pear tree. It was
• 27:18
  Speaker 4: one afternoon, about ten days after I discovered the nest
• 27:22
  Speaker 4: that the lessons in flying began. The father and mother
• 27:25
  Speaker 4: would fly from the nest to some twig a few
• 27:28
  Speaker 4: feet from the nest, and then back again, then from
• 27:31
  Speaker 4: twig to twig, with many little chirps, as if saying,
• 27:35
  Speaker 4: don't you see how easy it is? All you have
• 27:38
  Speaker 4: to do is to try. Then the boldest little fellow
• 27:41
  Speaker 4: would perch himself on the edge of the nest, flutter
• 27:44
  Speaker 4: his little wings, sit still for a minute, and then
• 27:47
  Speaker 4: roll back into the nest, as if it was too
• 27:50
  Speaker 4: much for him. Then the father and mother would repeat
• 27:53
  Speaker 4: the lesson, but all in vain that afternoon, so they
• 27:56
  Speaker 4: finally gave up and went in search of food. Next morning,
• 28:00
  Speaker 4: the lessons began in earnest, and then the bold little youngster,
• 28:04
  Speaker 4: who had made so many pretensions the afternoon before, grew bolder,
• 28:09
  Speaker 4: and with a nervous little flutter and a sidewise plunge,
• 28:12
  Speaker 4: landed on a twig some few feet below the nest.
• 28:16
  Speaker 4: He rested a few moments, and then with a few
• 28:19
  Speaker 4: encouraging chirps from his parents, tried it again with better results.
• 28:23
  Speaker 4: One by one, the other timid fledglings were induced to
• 28:26
  Speaker 4: follow him. There were many tumbles and falls, but the
• 28:30
  Speaker 4: little mother was always there to encourage and help, and
• 28:33
  Speaker 4: by afternoon the little home was deserted. They stayed a
• 28:37
  Speaker 4: few days in the trees near by, and then flew
• 28:40
  Speaker 4: away to seek new homes. And all that was left
• 28:43
  Speaker 4: to remind me of the happy family was the empty
• 28:46
  Speaker 4: nest in the leafy bough, ellen Hampton Dick, end of
• 28:52
  Speaker 4: section seven, Section eight of Birds and Nature, Volume twelve,
• 29:03
  Speaker 4: number three, October nineteen o two, recorded for LibriVox dot
• 29:07
  Speaker 4: Org by Betty b. The bird of Peace, the dove
• 29:13
  Speaker 4: bearing an olive branch, is in Christian art an emblem
• 29:17
  Speaker 4: of peace. The early churches used vessels of precious metal
• 29:21
  Speaker 4: fashioned in the shape of a dove in which to
• 29:23
  Speaker 4: place the Holy sacrament. No doubt, because the Holy Spirit
• 29:27
  Speaker 4: descended upon Christ in the form of a dove. Noah's
• 29:31
  Speaker 4: dove of still older fame was immortalized as a constellation
• 29:35
  Speaker 4: in the sky. The plaintive coup of the dove has
• 29:39
  Speaker 4: also added to the sentiment about it. The poet's delight
• 29:42
  Speaker 4: to refer to it as a sorrowful bird. One of
• 29:46
  Speaker 4: them says, oft I heard the tender dove in fiery woodlands,
• 29:51
  Speaker 4: making moan. The dove, most musical, most melancholy, is the singer,
• 29:57
  Speaker 4: whom the mocking bird does not attempt to imitate. There
• 30:00
  Speaker 4: is a Philippine legend that of all birds, only the
• 30:03
  Speaker 4: dove understands the human tongue. The pigeon tribe is noted
• 30:08
  Speaker 4: for its friendliness to man. Of all the feathered race alone,
• 30:12
  Speaker 4: it looks unscared on the human face. The word dove
• 30:16
  Speaker 4: means diver and refers to the way this bird ducks
• 30:20
  Speaker 4: its head. Its purposely designed wing whistles, and often strikes
• 30:25
  Speaker 4: the wings together when beginning to fly. The broken wing dodge.
• 30:29
  Speaker 4: It often practices tend to prove that its ancestors built
• 30:33
  Speaker 4: on the ground. The nest of the dove has no
• 30:36
  Speaker 4: architectural beauty, and it is not a good housekeeper, and
• 30:40
  Speaker 4: is something of a gadabout. Indeed, doves are not so
• 30:44
  Speaker 4: gentle in character as they are usually portrayed. They are
• 30:48
  Speaker 4: sometimes impolite to each other and occasionally indulge in a
• 30:51
  Speaker 4: family scrap, but as nothing in this world is quite perfect.
• 30:56
  Speaker 4: The dove, with its fine form and beautiful quaker like garb,
• 31:00
  Speaker 4: may be accepted as one of the most interesting of
• 31:02
  Speaker 4: our birds Bell Pax and Drury end of section eight.
• 31:09
  Speaker 4: This recording is in the public domain.
• 31:17
  Speaker 3: Section nine of Birds in Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
• 31:23
  Speaker 3: October nineteen o two, recorded for LibriVox dot Org by
• 31:28
  Speaker 3: David Lawrence. The green crested flycatcher epidodacx veragins the green
• 31:37
  Speaker 3: crested or Acadian flycatcher is a frequent summer resident in
• 31:41
  Speaker 3: the eastern United States and through the valley of the
• 31:45
  Speaker 3: Mississippi River. It migrates as far northward as Manitoba, where
• 31:50
  Speaker 3: it is said to be quite common. The bird exhibits
• 31:54
  Speaker 3: no haste in its northward spring journey, for it is
• 31:58
  Speaker 3: one of the latest species to arrive on its breeding
• 32:01
  Speaker 3: grounds in the higher altitudes, and as winter approaches, it
• 32:05
  Speaker 3: leaves the United States entirely and winters in Mexico, Central America,
• 32:11
  Speaker 3: and northern South America. If we would make the acquaintance
• 32:15
  Speaker 3: of the green crested flycatcher, we must seek it in
• 32:18
  Speaker 3: woodlands in the vicinity of some stream or other body
• 32:22
  Speaker 3: of water. Its favorite haunts are quote deep shady, second
• 32:28
  Speaker 3: growth hardwood forests on rather elevated ground, especially beech woods
• 32:33
  Speaker 3: with little undergrowth, or bottom lands not subjected to periodical
• 32:38
  Speaker 3: overflow unquote. It is not an over shy bird, yet
• 32:44
  Speaker 3: it is rather difficult to find, for its colors are
• 32:47
  Speaker 3: in perfect harmony with its surroundings as it passes from
• 32:50
  Speaker 3: tree to tree through the dark foliage of the lower limbs.
• 32:55
  Speaker 3: So perfect is this color harmony that Major Charles Bendiers said, quote,
• 33:01
  Speaker 3: I have several times failed to detect the bird when
• 33:05
  Speaker 3: I was perfectly certain it was within twenty feet of
• 33:08
  Speaker 3: me unquote, and niljet Biuanshan likens its movements to quote
• 33:14
  Speaker 3: a leaf that is being blown about, touched by the sunshine,
• 33:18
  Speaker 3: flitting through the trees, and partly shaded by the young
• 33:22
  Speaker 3: foliage casting its first shadows unquote. Like its sister flycatchers,
• 33:28
  Speaker 3: the green crested is not a good natured bird, and
• 33:32
  Speaker 3: will even quarrel with individuals of its own species. Even
• 33:36
  Speaker 3: its voice is fretful, especially when from its perch it
• 33:41
  Speaker 3: is waiting for an insect to pass by. It seldom
• 33:44
  Speaker 3: perches higher than from fifteen to twenty feet from the ground,
• 33:49
  Speaker 3: and while standing, constantly twitches its tail and frequently utters
• 33:53
  Speaker 3: a note that mister Chapman describes as a single speed
• 33:58
  Speaker 3: or pete. It is a beneficial bird, for its food
• 34:02
  Speaker 3: consists of insects, except in the fall, when it feeds
• 34:05
  Speaker 3: to a limited extent on wild berries. It will occasionally
• 34:10
  Speaker 3: visit orchards or its learned there may be found a
• 34:13
  Speaker 3: plentiful supply of food to its liking. When an insect
• 34:17
  Speaker 3: is sighted, like the other flycatchers, except that it chooses
• 34:21
  Speaker 3: a low rather than a high perch from which to watch,
• 34:24
  Speaker 3: it flies outward and with an upward sweep, seldom fails
• 34:28
  Speaker 3: to catch its prey in its open bill, which is
• 34:31
  Speaker 3: suddenly closed with a notable loud click that seems like
• 34:35
  Speaker 3: an expression of satisfaction over the result of its effort.
• 34:39
  Speaker 3: The drooping branches of several kinds of trees and shrubs
• 34:43
  Speaker 3: are selected by the green crested flycatchers as suitable sits
• 34:48
  Speaker 3: for their unpretentious homes. Their nests are semipencil being attached
• 34:53
  Speaker 3: to the rim of the fork of a small limb
• 34:56
  Speaker 3: or to two parallel limbs. They are shallow and so
• 35:00
  Speaker 3: loosely constructed that frequently, the eggs may be seen from
• 35:03
  Speaker 3: the under side. As a flycatcher breeds nearly throughout its range.
• 35:09
  Speaker 3: The materials used in the construction of the nests varies greatly.
• 35:14
  Speaker 3: In the southern States, where Spanish moss is common, it
• 35:18
  Speaker 3: is one of the chief constituents of the nest. In
• 35:21
  Speaker 3: more northern district, stems of plants, small roots and fibrous
• 35:25
  Speaker 3: material are used. These are loosely woven with blades of grass,
• 35:30
  Speaker 3: dried flowers, and the catkins of the willow. Not infrequently
• 35:34
  Speaker 3: the hanging catkins, decayed fibers, and the loose ends of
• 35:38
  Speaker 3: stems and blades of grass give the untidy appearance to
• 35:42
  Speaker 3: the home of this useful and interesting bird. End of
• 35:47
  Speaker 3: section nine. This recording is in the public domain.
• 35:57
  Speaker 2: Section ten of Birds and Nets, Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
• 36:02
  Speaker 2: October nineteen o two. This is a LibriVox recording. All
• 36:08
  Speaker 2: LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information
• 36:12
  Speaker 2: or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Section ten
• 36:18
  Speaker 2: Character in Birds. In a delightful article called character in Birds,
• 36:25
  Speaker 2: mister Torre gives many instances of bird traits that show
• 36:28
  Speaker 2: distinct differences of nature in various species, and which lead
• 36:33
  Speaker 2: one to recall others that have fallen under observation. Mister
• 36:37
  Speaker 2: Torre does not mention, for instance, a peculiarity of the
• 36:41
  Speaker 2: red eyed vireo, which is as marked as its persistent
• 36:44
  Speaker 2: and rather tiresome note, that is, its almost intolerable curiosity
• 36:49
  Speaker 2: and fussiness qualities, which it carries to such an extreme
• 36:54
  Speaker 2: that they become absolutely comic. I think I have never
• 36:57
  Speaker 2: seated myself to watch the nest of any bird that
• 37:00
  Speaker 2: a red eyed virio has not appeared on the scene
• 37:03
  Speaker 2: and scolded me. And a moment a bird utters a
• 37:06
  Speaker 2: cry of alarm, a red eyed virio is sure to
• 37:09
  Speaker 2: appear with this fretful air of oh dear, what is
• 37:13
  Speaker 2: the matter, now ready and willing to take a hand
• 37:17
  Speaker 2: in any rows that may be going, and quite sure
• 37:20
  Speaker 2: to make more fuss than the really aggrieved party, an
• 37:24
  Speaker 2: oddly enough seeming, in one instance, at least, even to
• 37:28
  Speaker 2: resent the noise that the troubled bird was making. For
• 37:31
  Speaker 2: one day, when an indigo bird that I had tormented
• 37:34
  Speaker 2: by watching its nest had chippered and chattered until he
• 37:38
  Speaker 2: had brought every bird in the neighborhood to see what
• 37:40
  Speaker 2: was the matter, a red eyed virio, after prancing around
• 37:44
  Speaker 2: for a time, flew at the distracted indigo bird with
• 37:48
  Speaker 2: a very cross squawk, which said, as plainly as words do,
• 37:52
  Speaker 2: be quiet, can't you. The virio's action in this case
• 37:57
  Speaker 2: was in marked contrast to that of a thistle bird,
• 37:59
  Speaker 2: which came up warbling and gave me a careless glance,
• 38:03
  Speaker 2: and then flew away, still singing. But as the noise continued,
• 38:07
  Speaker 2: he came back presently, and, perching on a twig above me,
• 38:10
  Speaker 2: bent his bright head to look at me, saying sweet
• 38:15
  Speaker 2: in a long, drawn inquiring way, with a little break
• 38:18
  Speaker 2: in his voice, which was singularly endearing, as are all
• 38:22
  Speaker 2: the ways of these charming creatures. After inspecting me again,
• 38:26
  Speaker 2: he disappeared, but at a renewed outcry from the indigo birds,
• 38:30
  Speaker 2: he came warbling back once more. This time he paid
• 38:34
  Speaker 2: little attention to me, having apparently satisfied his curiosity on
• 38:38
  Speaker 2: that point on his former visit, but seeming to divine
• 38:42
  Speaker 2: that there must be some reason why the indigo bird
• 38:44
  Speaker 2: should make so much fuss, he began to examine the
• 38:47
  Speaker 2: tree which held the nest. Suddenly he discovered the nest,
• 38:51
  Speaker 2: and after a start which expressed surprise and interest. He
• 38:55
  Speaker 2: flew up and hovered over it for an instant and
• 38:58
  Speaker 2: then flitted away. Warbling. Red eyed vireos seem to be
• 39:02
  Speaker 2: always restless and irritable, and perfectly sure that you mean
• 39:06
  Speaker 2: to do them or their nests some harm. And it
• 39:09
  Speaker 2: is sometimes quite distracting to go into a certain piece
• 39:13
  Speaker 2: of woods where they are very plentiful. The moment you
• 39:16
  Speaker 2: enter it, they begin their distressful please please, uttered half
• 39:21
  Speaker 2: pleadingly and half crossly. One is sure they must be
• 39:25
  Speaker 2: near a vireo's nest, yet may pass beneath it day
• 39:29
  Speaker 2: after day, and though looking for it, fail to find it.
• 39:33
  Speaker 2: If there are no young ones, so skillful are they
• 39:36
  Speaker 2: in concealing their beautiful nests. These are among the most
• 39:40
  Speaker 2: fascinating of bird cradles, particularly in this piece of woods,
• 39:44
  Speaker 2: where there are many birch trees, from which the vireo
• 39:47
  Speaker 2: obtains fine silky shreds of the beautifully tinted bark and
• 39:51
  Speaker 2: weaves into the nest with a most exquisite effect, giving
• 39:55
  Speaker 2: unusual delicacy of color and texture. The red eye has
• 39:59
  Speaker 2: all also the most remarkable habit of arranging the nest
• 40:03
  Speaker 2: so that it shall be quite hidden by the leaves,
• 40:06
  Speaker 2: often with one leaf which serves as a roof and
• 40:09
  Speaker 2: protects the young or eggs from sun and rain. And
• 40:13
  Speaker 2: if they would only keep quiet, they would usually be
• 40:16
  Speaker 2: quite safe. But instead, the moment anyone appears, they make
• 40:21
  Speaker 2: so much noise that attention is attracted to them at once,
• 40:24
  Speaker 2: and you begin naturally to look for the cause. Even then,
• 40:28
  Speaker 2: it may be some time before the nest is discovered,
• 40:32
  Speaker 2: as there are usually only one or two points from
• 40:35
  Speaker 2: which a view of it can be obtained, and a
• 40:37
  Speaker 2: single leaf will sometimes quite conceal it. Possibly there are
• 40:42
  Speaker 2: circumstances in the life of a red eyed viario, which,
• 40:45
  Speaker 2: if known, would account for his irritability and egotistical belief
• 40:49
  Speaker 2: that all eyes are upon him with evil intent. But
• 40:53
  Speaker 2: our eyes are dull, and one could wish at times
• 40:56
  Speaker 2: that his trials, whatever they may be, might sweeten his temper.
• 41:02
  Speaker 2: I do know at least that red eyed vireos are
• 41:04
  Speaker 2: much tormented by that plague of bird life, the cow bunting,
• 41:08
  Speaker 2: which delights in laying her eggs in the red eyes nest,
• 41:12
  Speaker 2: And nowhere could they be placed where they would cause
• 41:15
  Speaker 2: more discomfort for the vireo's nest is a delicate structure
• 41:19
  Speaker 2: and none too large for its own nestlings. I think
• 41:22
  Speaker 2: the cowbird often injures the nest when she lays her egg,
• 41:26
  Speaker 2: as she probably gets in and out of it with
• 41:28
  Speaker 2: more or less haste, being hurried by the aggrieved owners.
• 41:32
  Speaker 2: For not only do the young vireos fall out of
• 41:35
  Speaker 2: the nest, but even the interloping cowbird sometimes falls out
• 41:39
  Speaker 2: before he is able to fly, and meets his death
• 41:42
  Speaker 2: by a tumble before he is prepared to leave the nest.
• 41:46
  Speaker 2: One summer I was watching a hawk's nest and was
• 41:48
  Speaker 2: always greeted by the angry cries of the red eyed vireos,
• 41:51
  Speaker 2: who never cease to scold at me in the hawk,
• 41:54
  Speaker 2: and so upset a nervous but well meaning at least
• 41:57
  Speaker 2: flycatcher that it too joins in the abuse. Sometimes, when
• 42:02
  Speaker 2: the hawk flew away, the vireos would follow him for
• 42:05
  Speaker 2: quite a distance through the trees, scolding in the most
• 42:08
  Speaker 2: dismal manner and showing little fear of the great fierce creature,
• 42:12
  Speaker 2: who they seemed to know could not catch them among
• 42:15
  Speaker 2: the thick branches of the trees. But one day I
• 42:18
  Speaker 2: was amazed to see a red eyed virio actually on
• 42:21
  Speaker 2: the lower part of the hawk's nest. To be sure,
• 42:24
  Speaker 2: the hawk was absent, but he had a swift and
• 42:27
  Speaker 2: silent way of returning that made it seem a rather
• 42:30
  Speaker 2: dangerous bit of bravado. The red eye often has a
• 42:34
  Speaker 2: most uncomfortable habit, not only of quarreling with any neighbor
• 42:38
  Speaker 2: that will quarrel, but also of squabbling with each other,
• 42:41
  Speaker 2: even during the time that they are engaged in caring
• 42:44
  Speaker 2: for the young. One summer, a pair of them having
• 42:47
  Speaker 2: a nest in a tree near the house was so
• 42:50
  Speaker 2: quarrelsome and kept up such a persistent clatter that they
• 42:53
  Speaker 2: became really tiresome. It must be admitted, however, that in
• 42:57
  Speaker 2: this particular case, they had caused for being irritable, for
• 43:01
  Speaker 2: they were trying to bring up a cow bunting besides
• 43:04
  Speaker 2: their own family, and perhaps each thought the other was
• 43:07
  Speaker 2: to blame for the misfortune. Indeed, it took little imagination
• 43:11
  Speaker 2: to think that their perpetual squabbles were caused by mutual
• 43:14
  Speaker 2: recriminations in regard to their voracious foster nestling. Poor virios.
• 43:19
  Speaker 2: They fought with each other and everyone else, but particularly
• 43:23
  Speaker 2: were a phoebe which had a nest near by, and
• 43:26
  Speaker 2: was also tired and fretful from overwork, and perhaps fond
• 43:29
  Speaker 2: of a roux himself, for he had an aggravating habit
• 43:33
  Speaker 2: of coming into a little tree just below the vireo's
• 43:36
  Speaker 2: nest and twitching his tail in the rather inane manner
• 43:39
  Speaker 2: peculiar to Phoebe's. And that was all that was needed
• 43:43
  Speaker 2: to throw the vireos into a perfect fume, and they
• 43:46
  Speaker 2: responded instantly, flying at him wrathfully, and were promptly met
• 43:50
  Speaker 2: by a kindred spirit. It was a most unreasonable business,
• 43:55
  Speaker 2: as neither wanted anything that the other had, and seemed
• 43:58
  Speaker 2: to prove that all they needed was an excuse to
• 44:01
  Speaker 2: show their ill temper. These same virios had a very
• 44:05
  Speaker 2: real cause for rage and fear in the presence of
• 44:07
  Speaker 2: the red squirrels, and they never failed to pursue and
• 44:10
  Speaker 2: scold one the moment it appeared. Their whole life seemed
• 44:14
  Speaker 2: so uncomfortable, and their perpetual fussing was so wearisome that
• 44:19
  Speaker 2: it was difficult to feel proper sympathy for them when
• 44:21
  Speaker 2: their affairs ended tragically. But they were most devoted parents,
• 44:26
  Speaker 2: and as such must have credit. Though their domestic arrangements
• 44:30
  Speaker 2: seemed squalidly inharmonious, and were so pronounced that no one
• 44:34
  Speaker 2: living in the vicinity could help knowing all about them.
• 44:38
  Speaker 2: Thistle Birds, like the virios, are very apt to appear
• 44:42
  Speaker 2: in response to any call of alarm or annoyance from
• 44:44
  Speaker 2: their neighbors, but their interest seems to have a sweet
• 44:48
  Speaker 2: and kindly spirit, very different to the ascidulated attitude of
• 44:52
  Speaker 2: the red eyed virio. In truth, the most marked characteristic
• 44:57
  Speaker 2: of these little beauties is a peculiar lovableness, and their
• 45:00
  Speaker 2: gentle cheeriness makes them ideal companions. They have a delightful
• 45:04
  Speaker 2: habit of appearing in June in flocks and congregating on
• 45:08
  Speaker 2: the white sandy beach of the lake, reminding one of
• 45:11
  Speaker 2: the clouds of yellow butterflies that come to the same
• 45:14
  Speaker 2: place at certain times of the year. At this time,
• 45:17
  Speaker 2: the male thistle bird sings in a perfect ecstasy of
• 45:20
  Speaker 2: joy and love. But of all their attractive qualities, none
• 45:24
  Speaker 2: is so endearing as a habit they have late in
• 45:27
  Speaker 2: the fall of singing as they fly high up mere specks,
• 45:31
  Speaker 2: their exquisite ethereal notes drifting down, sometimes with the first snowflakes,
• 45:36
  Speaker 2: as they go joyfully to meet the storm and the night.
• 45:40
  Speaker 2: Scarlet tanagers are often hardly more agreeable in their marital
• 45:44
  Speaker 2: relations than the red eyed vireos, and though no doubt
• 45:48
  Speaker 2: they vary greatly in this respect, those that I have
• 45:52
  Speaker 2: noticed showed a decided coldness, occasionally varied by mark crossness,
• 45:58
  Speaker 2: and the wooing of a scarlet tanager is sometimes most amusing,
• 46:02
  Speaker 2: for the female is or pretends to be amazingly indifferent,
• 46:07
  Speaker 2: and it must take a courageous lover to persist in
• 46:10
  Speaker 2: spite of her severe manner. But male tanagers are gifted
• 46:14
  Speaker 2: with persistence and do not seem to go unmted, and
• 46:18
  Speaker 2: they make most devoted parents, though it would hardly have
• 46:21
  Speaker 2: been expected of them after their seeming indifference during the incubating.
• 46:26
  Speaker 2: One pair of tannagers that had a nest close to
• 46:29
  Speaker 2: the house and so could be constantly watched, were never
• 46:33
  Speaker 2: on really friendly terms with each other, sometimes quarreling outright,
• 46:37
  Speaker 2: and only seeking each other's society. When some dangers seem
• 46:41
  Speaker 2: to threaten their young ones, then the female seemed glad
• 46:45
  Speaker 2: of the presence of her mate. Young Scarlet tanagers are
• 46:49
  Speaker 2: very confiding and gentle in their ways, and do not
• 46:52
  Speaker 2: seem to have much fear of man. Here there are
• 46:55
  Speaker 2: always several of these pretty creatures flitting about in the
• 46:59
  Speaker 2: evergreens near the house at the season when they are
• 47:02
  Speaker 2: old enough to begin to take care of themselves, and
• 47:05
  Speaker 2: they often alight on the hammock ropes or sit on
• 47:08
  Speaker 2: the branches quite near me, looking on with bright interested eyes.
• 47:13
  Speaker 2: They have little playful ways that are rather unusual in
• 47:16
  Speaker 2: a young bird, and remind one of kittens. Sometimes, when
• 47:20
  Speaker 2: a shred of the arbor vite bark hangs down above them,
• 47:24
  Speaker 2: they will play with it using their beak as a
• 47:27
  Speaker 2: kitten does its paws, and their voices have an almost
• 47:30
  Speaker 2: plaintive sweetness that adds greatly to their attractions. Next, perhaps
• 47:35
  Speaker 2: and fussiness to a red eyed verio may be counted
• 47:38
  Speaker 2: the phoebe, And there does not appear to be quite
• 47:41
  Speaker 2: so much reason for the phoebe's unhappy frame of mind,
• 47:44
  Speaker 2: For on the whole their nests seem rather safer than
• 47:47
  Speaker 2: those of most birds, built as they so often are,
• 47:51
  Speaker 2: in sheltered places about the houses and barns. But though
• 47:55
  Speaker 2: the nests escape, the young phoebees are very liable to
• 47:58
  Speaker 2: come to grief, and their elders really wear themselves out
• 48:01
  Speaker 2: when the young first leave the nest, which they often
• 48:04
  Speaker 2: choose to do on a very stormy day. Phoebees are
• 48:07
  Speaker 2: pugnacious too, and carry on feuds among themselves year after year,
• 48:13
  Speaker 2: Those on the east side of the house always quarreling
• 48:16
  Speaker 2: with those on the west side, and when they first
• 48:18
  Speaker 2: come back in the spring, there are frequent conflicts noisily
• 48:22
  Speaker 2: carried on in mid air, which continue at intervals until
• 48:26
  Speaker 2: both parties too busy with their nests and young to
• 48:29
  Speaker 2: attend to other things. Even though then if an idle
• 48:33
  Speaker 2: moment occurs they promptly take advantage of it to have
• 48:36
  Speaker 2: a brush with each other, there never seems to be
• 48:38
  Speaker 2: any particular advantage gained on either side, so dismal as
• 48:42
  Speaker 2: they seem about it all, they no doubt rather enjoy
• 48:45
  Speaker 2: the excitement afforded by these little interludes. Young phoebees show
• 48:50
  Speaker 2: none of these aggressive qualities and have the most gentle
• 48:53
  Speaker 2: and attractive manners and a peculiar air of innocence that
• 48:56
  Speaker 2: is most captivating. If the parent phoebe brings up an insect,
• 49:01
  Speaker 2: all the nestlings, who may be sitting in a row
• 49:04
  Speaker 2: on a branch, wave their soft wings and squeak, The
• 49:08
  Speaker 2: parent inspects them for a moment and then feeds one
• 49:12
  Speaker 2: the instant the old bird is decided which shall be fed.
• 49:15
  Speaker 2: The rest subside and wait quietly until her return. There
• 49:18
  Speaker 2: is no pushing and crowding or following the parent. The
• 49:22
  Speaker 2: slate colored Junco is another of the essentially cheerful spirits,
• 49:27
  Speaker 2: yet has a remarkable sedateness and self possession, such as
• 49:31
  Speaker 2: one is sometimes surprised to find in people of particularly
• 49:34
  Speaker 2: quiet and gentle dispositions. And he has one habit that
• 49:39
  Speaker 2: has made him very dear, for he always appears in
• 49:42
  Speaker 2: the fall and remains until quite late in the season.
• 49:46
  Speaker 2: During this time, he haunts the evergreen trees in front
• 49:49
  Speaker 2: of the house, coming back there every evening to sleep
• 49:52
  Speaker 2: or to seek shelter from a storm, announcing his arrival
• 49:55
  Speaker 2: with low twitterings and restless games of play. If one
• 49:59
  Speaker 2: goes under the evergreens after dark and gently shakes a branch,
• 50:03
  Speaker 2: there will be a slight fluttering of wings and disturbed,
• 50:06
  Speaker 2: sleepy notes from the junkos. They love to feed in
• 50:09
  Speaker 2: the drive which runs in front of the house, and
• 50:12
  Speaker 2: in the thickets of rose bushes that creep up to
• 50:15
  Speaker 2: the windows, coming close to the verandah and eating any
• 50:18
  Speaker 2: crumbs that are thrown out for them, and even on
• 50:21
  Speaker 2: the wettest day, looking trim and contented, and bringing with
• 50:24
  Speaker 2: them a sense of companionship which can be only appreciated
• 50:28
  Speaker 2: by those who have lived much alone, when the different
• 50:31
  Speaker 2: creatures come to be better known than they can be
• 50:34
  Speaker 2: where there are people constantly distracting the attention. The Kentucky Cardinal,
• 50:40
  Speaker 2: though I have known it but slightly, made a very
• 50:43
  Speaker 2: vivid impression because of its gentle pensiveness. I once spent
• 50:47
  Speaker 2: a few months in a little village in Florida, and
• 50:50
  Speaker 2: flocks of these exquisite creatures appeared from time to time
• 50:53
  Speaker 2: in our garden and in different places that we visited.
• 50:57
  Speaker 2: They were always rather tame, coming near us and feeding
• 51:00
  Speaker 2: on the ground, uttering plaintive notes that reminded me of
• 51:04
  Speaker 2: the cedar bird, and which suggested a much smaller bird.
• 51:07
  Speaker 2: The cardinal's manner had something so sensitive and touching about
• 51:11
  Speaker 2: it that it appealed to me at once, and made
• 51:14
  Speaker 2: the lovely strangers as dear as though they had been
• 51:17
  Speaker 2: known a lifetime. They were never hurried or excited, and
• 51:22
  Speaker 2: I had never heard a cross note or saw the
• 51:25
  Speaker 2: slightest indication of any friction among them, But their whole
• 51:28
  Speaker 2: manner was colored with sadness, a quiet, unobtrusive sadness. Even
• 51:35
  Speaker 2: their song was tinged with it. And it was curious
• 51:38
  Speaker 2: how these brilliant creatures left on the mind a sense
• 51:41
  Speaker 2: of going quietly and being subdued, which made them the
• 51:46
  Speaker 2: greatest contrast to the absurd red winged blackbirds with whom
• 51:50
  Speaker 2: they often shared the umbrella tree. Hundreds of other instances
• 51:55
  Speaker 2: of bird character crowd into the mind as one writes,
• 51:59
  Speaker 2: and the air seams again, full of airy creatures, each
• 52:03
  Speaker 2: with his or her small personality standing out from all
• 52:07
  Speaker 2: the rest in bright contrast, some grave, some gay, some
• 52:11
  Speaker 2: cross another's kind, but all beautiful and full of interest.
• 52:17
  Speaker 2: Louise Claude, end of section ten, recording by Uurrika Deni.
• 52:28
  Speaker 5: Section eleven of Birds in Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
• 52:33
  Speaker 5: October nineteen oh two, Recorded for LibriVox dot Org by
• 52:38
  Speaker 5: Matt Bounds. Frowning the owl and the oak complained him
• 52:43
  Speaker 5: sore that the song of the robin restrained him wrongly
• 52:46
  Speaker 5: of slumber, rudely of rest, from the north, from the east,
• 52:50
  Speaker 5: from the south, and the west. Woodland wheatfield, cornfield clover,
• 52:55
  Speaker 5: over and over and over and over. Five o'clock, ten
• 52:59
  Speaker 5: o'clock seven, Nothing but robins songs heard under Heaven? How
• 53:05
  Speaker 5: can we sleep? Sydney Lanier owl against Robin end of
• 53:11
  Speaker 5: section eleven. This recording is in the public domain Section
• 53:21
  Speaker 5: twelve of Birds in Nature, Volume twelve, number three, October
• 53:26
  Speaker 5: nineteen o two, recorded for LibriVox dot org by Matt Bounds.
• 53:32
  Speaker 5: The Louisiana water thrush Seyurus moriquila. The Louisiana water thrush
• 53:39
  Speaker 5: is a woodland bird with quite an extended range, which
• 53:42
  Speaker 5: includes all of the eastern United States west to the
• 53:44
  Speaker 5: plains and north to Massachusetts, Michigan, and Minnesota. It winters
• 53:49
  Speaker 5: in the region of the Gulf of Mexico and southward
• 53:52
  Speaker 5: into South America. This bird seems to be burdened with
• 53:55
  Speaker 5: long names, for it is also called the large billed
• 53:58
  Speaker 5: water thrush and large build wagtail warbler. The last name
• 54:03
  Speaker 5: is quite appropriate for it as well as the other
• 54:05
  Speaker 5: water thrushes are warblers rather than thrushes. The name wagtail
• 54:11
  Speaker 5: well describes one of its most striking characteristics. It is
• 54:15
  Speaker 5: the dignified bird, and as it moves with stately steps
• 54:17
  Speaker 5: along the limb of a tree or a log. On
• 54:19
  Speaker 5: the ground, The tail moves up and down in rhythm
• 54:22
  Speaker 5: with its step. It is a shy bird, and its
• 54:26
  Speaker 5: never ceasing alertness suggests the watchfulness of the savage when discovered,
• 54:32
  Speaker 5: and that will not be until it already knows of
• 54:34
  Speaker 5: the intruder's presence. It sounds an alarm and quickly flies
• 54:37
  Speaker 5: to some distant perch, where it watches every movement of
• 54:40
  Speaker 5: the invader, its body constantly teetering, as if with suppressed excitement.
• 54:46
  Speaker 5: When seeking a nesting site, the water thrust shows a
• 54:48
  Speaker 5: partiality for wild and favorable localities near a stream of water,
• 54:53
  Speaker 5: especially where dashing brooks leap down wooded hillsides. At times, however,
• 54:58
  Speaker 5: it will select a retired spot on the wooded banks
• 55:00
  Speaker 5: of a lowland stream or of a lake. The nest
• 55:04
  Speaker 5: is built in some secure retreat among the roots of
• 55:06
  Speaker 5: an overturned tree, in the cavity of an old log
• 55:08
  Speaker 5: or stump, or in the moss under a bank. An
• 55:12
  Speaker 5: impenetrable thicket with a rank growth of ferns and moss
• 55:14
  Speaker 5: is the usual desteratum When seeking a place to locate
• 55:17
  Speaker 5: its home. The nests are bulky and constructed with dead leaves,
• 55:21
  Speaker 5: often partially decayed, which are obtained from the muddy banks,
• 55:24
  Speaker 5: and with the mud still adhering to them. These, with
• 55:27
  Speaker 5: twigs and rootlets, are laid together, and when the mud dries,
• 55:30
  Speaker 5: all are cemented into a compact mass which forms the
• 55:33
  Speaker 5: wall of the nest. This is lined with fine grasses,
• 55:36
  Speaker 5: small roots, bark, fibers, and feathers or hair. The nest
• 55:40
  Speaker 5: is so similar in color to that of its environment
• 55:42
  Speaker 5: that it is not easily detected. The Louisiana water thrush
• 55:47
  Speaker 5: seldom utters its interesting song when on the ground, but
• 55:50
  Speaker 5: from some higher perch or when flying. Audubon thought its
• 55:53
  Speaker 5: song was equal to that of the European nightingale, that
• 55:56
  Speaker 5: its notes were as powerful and mellow, and not infrequently
• 55:59
  Speaker 5: as varied. Doctor Ridgeway says this may be true of
• 56:03
  Speaker 5: the extatic love song heard on rare occasions and uttered
• 56:06
  Speaker 5: as the singer floats in perfect abandon of joy, with
• 56:08
  Speaker 5: spread tale and fluttering wings, but it can hardly be
• 56:12
  Speaker 5: true of the ordinary song, which, although rich, sweet and
• 56:15
  Speaker 5: penetrating and almost startling in the first impression it creates,
• 56:19
  Speaker 5: is soon finished and the pleasing effect is somewhat transient.
• 56:23
  Speaker 5: It cannot be denied, however, that its song is one
• 56:26
  Speaker 5: of the richest to be heard in our forests. Another
• 56:29
  Speaker 5: writer speaks of its song as a beautiful, wild wayward effort,
• 56:33
  Speaker 5: and mister Chapman says, as a songster the water thrushes
• 56:36
  Speaker 5: without a rival. His song is not to be compared
• 56:39
  Speaker 5: with the clear voiced carol of the rose breasted grosbeak,
• 56:42
  Speaker 5: the plaintive chant of the field sparrow, or the hymnlike
• 56:45
  Speaker 5: melody of the true thrushes. It is of a different kind.
• 56:49
  Speaker 5: It is the untamable spirit of the bird rendered in music.
• 56:53
  Speaker 5: There is an almost fierce wildness in its ringing notes.
• 56:56
  Speaker 5: On rare occasions he is inspired to voice his passion
• 56:59
  Speaker 5: in a flight song which so far exceeds his usual
• 57:02
  Speaker 5: performance that even the memory of it is thrilling. End
• 57:06
  Speaker 5: of section twelve. This recording is in the public domain.
• 57:16
  Speaker 6: Section thirteen of Birds and Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
• 57:21
  Speaker 6: October nineteen o two. This is a LibriVox recording. All
• 57:26
  Speaker 6: LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information
• 57:31
  Speaker 6: or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by
• 57:36
  Speaker 6: finnhandyside some dogs. When I was a small boy, I
• 57:43
  Speaker 6: lived with my parents in my grandfather's home. Here was
• 57:47
  Speaker 6: grandfather's large dog Rouse. He was a constant companion of
• 57:51
  Speaker 6: my uncle in his work on the farm. His great
• 57:54
  Speaker 6: desire was to carry something in his mouth. When the
• 57:57
  Speaker 6: team started for the field, he was off and given
• 58:00
  Speaker 6: a single tree with which he marched along, showing evident satisfaction.
• 58:05
  Speaker 6: One day he concluded to cut across the field instead
• 58:08
  Speaker 6: of going around the road. The fence was a high
• 58:12
  Speaker 6: rail one, and burdened with the weight of the heavy
• 58:14
  Speaker 6: single tree, he could not jump over. After several vain attempts,
• 58:20
  Speaker 6: he dropped his load, stood looking up and down the road, then,
• 58:25
  Speaker 6: looking at the single tree for a moment, picked it
• 58:27
  Speaker 6: up and put it through between the rails. He then
• 58:31
  Speaker 6: jumped over the fence, gathered up the single tree, and
• 58:35
  Speaker 6: trotted on. One thing he absolutely refused to carry was
• 58:42
  Speaker 6: an iron wedge unless it was put in a basket.
• 58:46
  Speaker 6: On one occasion, this same uncle lost the lash of
• 58:49
  Speaker 6: the whip he was using and driving a yoke of oxen.
• 58:53
  Speaker 6: He had another at the house, but it was nearly
• 58:55
  Speaker 6: a mile distant. He wrote his want on a slip
• 58:59
  Speaker 6: of paper, and giving it to rouse, said take this
• 59:03
  Speaker 6: to mother. He was soon scratching at the kitchen door.
• 59:07
  Speaker 6: When the door was opened, he dropped the note on
• 59:09
  Speaker 6: the floor, was given the whip lash, and hurried away
• 59:13
  Speaker 6: to the field. A certain dog belonged to a doctor.
• 59:20
  Speaker 6: He often trotted along under the buggy when the doctor
• 59:23
  Speaker 6: went to call on his patients. On one occasion, the
• 59:27
  Speaker 6: doctor rode horseback and hurriedly through the bridle rein over
• 59:30
  Speaker 6: a hitching post where the visit was made. The horse
• 59:34
  Speaker 6: threw up his head. The bridle rein was freed from
• 59:37
  Speaker 6: the post and the horse started down the road. The
• 59:40
  Speaker 6: dog saw the move and started after him. After some
• 59:44
  Speaker 6: little difficulty, he caught the dangling rein, brought the horse
• 59:48
  Speaker 6: back to the post, and held him there until the
• 59:51
  Speaker 6: doctor came out. On another occasion, a horse was tied
• 59:57
  Speaker 6: to a post of the porch at the doctor's house.
• 1:00:00
  Speaker 6: He got restless and was soon standing with four feet
• 1:00:03
  Speaker 6: on the porch. The dog saw it, and, catching him
• 1:00:07
  Speaker 6: by the tail, pulled until he backed down and stood
• 1:00:10
  Speaker 6: on the ground. There is a big shepherd dog not
• 1:00:16
  Speaker 6: far from where I live that watches for the evening train.
• 1:00:21
  Speaker 6: As soon as it appears, he runs to a certain
• 1:00:23
  Speaker 6: place beside the track, where the mail clerk throws him
• 1:00:26
  Speaker 6: a bundle of papers. He never fails to be at
• 1:00:30
  Speaker 6: his post or on the way. A dog who was
• 1:00:34
  Speaker 6: utilized to run a dog power churn at last grew
• 1:00:38
  Speaker 6: tired and resorted to various schemes to get out of
• 1:00:41
  Speaker 6: the work. Just after the churn had been made ready.
• 1:00:44
  Speaker 6: One day, the lady heard the vigorous bawling of a calf,
• 1:00:49
  Speaker 6: and looking out, she saw the dog trying hard to
• 1:00:52
  Speaker 6: get a calf into position to do the churning. After this,
• 1:00:57
  Speaker 6: it was necessary to tie his dog ship the night
• 1:01:00
  Speaker 6: before if he was to be used next day. An
• 1:01:05
  Speaker 6: Iowa dog who had suffered much from fire crackers on
• 1:01:08
  Speaker 6: the fourth always disappeared soon after midnight of the third
• 1:01:13
  Speaker 6: at the first shot of an anvil or a cannon cracker.
• 1:01:17
  Speaker 6: He spent the day in the country far from town,
• 1:01:20
  Speaker 6: and never returned until the noise had ceased. A friend
• 1:01:27
  Speaker 6: who was a photographer had a large Newfoundland dog who
• 1:01:31
  Speaker 6: had a great deal of curiosity about his make up
• 1:01:35
  Speaker 6: as well as much sense his face, was always the
• 1:01:38
  Speaker 6: first to appear at the village post office. Window when
• 1:01:41
  Speaker 6: the mail was opened. The master was an old time photographer,
• 1:01:45
  Speaker 6: when stronger water ammonia was much used in the preparation
• 1:01:49
  Speaker 6: of paper. There was an assistant in the gallery who
• 1:01:53
  Speaker 6: liked to tease the dog, and, knowing the trade of
• 1:01:55
  Speaker 6: desiring to investigate every box or bottle that was opened,
• 1:02:00
  Speaker 6: played many tricks on him. But none of them seemed
• 1:02:03
  Speaker 6: to cure him or lessen this desire until he got
• 1:02:07
  Speaker 6: a good full whiff of stronger ammonia, which laid him
• 1:02:11
  Speaker 6: full length on the floor and made him less anxious
• 1:02:14
  Speaker 6: to look into everything with his nose. His master had
• 1:02:19
  Speaker 6: a book for the butcher and a different one for
• 1:02:21
  Speaker 6: his account with the grocer. When meat or groceries were wanted,
• 1:02:26
  Speaker 6: it was only necessary to give him a book in
• 1:02:28
  Speaker 6: which had been written the articles desired, and a basket,
• 1:02:32
  Speaker 6: and away he went. He knew where to go by
• 1:02:35
  Speaker 6: the color of the book. Often, in coming home with meat,
• 1:02:39
  Speaker 6: he was set upon by other dogs who tried to
• 1:02:42
  Speaker 6: rob him. One day, a large hound tried several times
• 1:02:46
  Speaker 6: to get the meat, but was kept away by very
• 1:02:48
  Speaker 6: significant growls. Becoming more determined, he made a final dash.
• 1:02:54
  Speaker 6: When Newfoundland set the basket down and no hound ever
• 1:02:59
  Speaker 6: got a sound or thrashing. Then, with head and tail
• 1:03:03
  Speaker 6: held high, the basket was carried home in triumph. Alvin m.
• 1:03:08
  Speaker 6: Hendy end of section thirteen. Recording by thin.
• 1:03:14
  Speaker 7: Handyside, Section fourteen of Birds and Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
• 1:03:25
  Speaker 7: October nineteen o two, Recorded for lipofox dot Org by phone.
• 1:03:31
  Speaker 7: Peculiar Mexican bread. Among some curios lately brought from Mexico
• 1:03:36
  Speaker 7: is a cake made of the eggs of water beetles.
• 1:03:39
  Speaker 7: This odd sort of edible resembles outwardly a biscuit made
• 1:03:43
  Speaker 7: of coarse brown or oatmeal flour in taste, it is
• 1:03:46
  Speaker 7: not unlike the same wholesome article of diet. As a
• 1:03:50
  Speaker 7: matter of fact, water beetles hold a high place in
• 1:03:53
  Speaker 7: the domestic economy of the poor natives of Mexico. Their
• 1:03:56
  Speaker 7: collection is therefore quite an industry, and one in which
• 1:04:00
  Speaker 7: the Indians particularly are adepts. This is the plan of operation.
• 1:04:05
  Speaker 7: Reeds are cut and placed along the margins of lakes
• 1:04:08
  Speaker 7: and ponds. Soon these reeds are covered by an incredible
• 1:04:11
  Speaker 7: number of eggs, so minute that it is necessary to
• 1:04:14
  Speaker 7: shake them on a cloth to gather them. These eggs
• 1:04:17
  Speaker 7: are then put in bags impounded. The result is a
• 1:04:20
  Speaker 7: coarse flour which may be cooked in a great variety
• 1:04:23
  Speaker 7: of ways, all highly nutritious and stimulating. A vast number
• 1:04:28
  Speaker 7: of beetles are also collected and used as food for chickens,
• 1:04:31
  Speaker 7: but notwithstanding this immense demand, the supply suffers no appreciable diminution.
• 1:04:37
  Speaker 7: Louise Jamison end of section fourteen. This recording is in
• 1:04:42
  Speaker 7: the public domain Section fifteen of Birds in Nature, volume twelve,
• 1:04:52
  Speaker 7: number three, October nineteen o two. Recorded for libovoxidor by phone.
• 1:04:58
  Speaker 7: Nature's glory, Oh, golden days with cloudless skies, when forests
• 1:05:04
  Speaker 7: flame with gorgeous dyes. A touch of wine seems in
• 1:05:07
  Speaker 7: the air. Fields are brown pastures, bare, deep purple wraps.
• 1:05:13
  Speaker 7: The distant hills, gray shadows fall upon the rills through
• 1:05:17
  Speaker 7: a rustling corn. The zephyr's sigh in grief to see
• 1:05:20
  Speaker 7: fair summer die. These are days of nature's glory, sung
• 1:05:25
  Speaker 7: in song and told in story. J. Main Baltimore, end
• 1:05:32
  Speaker 7: of section fifteen. This recording is in the public domain.
• 1:05:41
  Speaker 8: Section sixteen of Birds and Nature, volume twelve, number three,
• 1:05:46
  Speaker 8: October nineteen o two. This is a LibriVox recording. All
• 1:05:51
  Speaker 8: LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information
• 1:05:55
  Speaker 8: or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Lapis Lazoli
• 1:06:02
  Speaker 8: amber and malachite Lapis Lazoli. This stone was the sapphire
• 1:06:08
  Speaker 8: of the Greeks, Romans, and Hebrew scriptures. Pliny likened it
• 1:06:12
  Speaker 8: to the blue sky adorned with stars. Large quantities of
• 1:06:16
  Speaker 8: worked pieces of it are found in early Egyptian tombs,
• 1:06:19
  Speaker 8: and the Chinese have long held it in high esteem.
• 1:06:22
  Speaker 8: Marcopolo visited Asiatic mines of the mineral in twelve seventy
• 1:06:26
  Speaker 8: one a d. And these had doubtless been worked for
• 1:06:29
  Speaker 8: a long time previous. Besides its value as a stone,
• 1:06:33
  Speaker 8: it was in former times used as a blue pigment,
• 1:06:36
  Speaker 8: giving the ultramarine blue. In modern times, not only has
• 1:06:40
  Speaker 8: the esteem in which the stone is held for ornamental
• 1:06:42
  Speaker 8: purposes declined, but the mineral can be artificially made so
• 1:06:46
  Speaker 8: as to give the desired blue color for paints, and
• 1:06:49
  Speaker 8: thus the use of the natural Lapis lazoli has greatly diminished.
• 1:06:54
  Speaker 8: It is still, however, carved to make vases, small dishes, brooches,
• 1:06:58
  Speaker 8: and ringstones, and is used to a considerable extent for
• 1:07:02
  Speaker 8: mosaic work. When also pieces of sufficient size and a
• 1:07:05
  Speaker 8: uniform color can be found. Large carved objects may be made,
• 1:07:10
  Speaker 8: which command a high price. The stone known as lapis lazoli,
• 1:07:15
  Speaker 8: as it occurs in nature, is not a single mineral,
• 1:07:17
  Speaker 8: but a mixture of several, among which are calcite, pyrite,
• 1:07:21
  Speaker 8: and pyroxene. From these, however, it is possible to separate
• 1:07:25
  Speaker 8: a mineral of uniform composition, sometimes crystallized in dough decahedrons,
• 1:07:30
  Speaker 8: which is probably the essential ingredient of the stone. This
• 1:07:34
  Speaker 8: mineral is known as lazolite, and in composition is a
• 1:07:38
  Speaker 8: silicate of soda and alumina, with a small quantity of
• 1:07:41
  Speaker 8: sodium sulfide. It is by making a substance of this
• 1:07:45
  Speaker 8: composition that the artificial ultramarine is produced. The artificial is
• 1:07:50
  Speaker 8: said to be as good as the natural for a pigment,
• 1:07:53
  Speaker 8: and can be produced for a three hundredth part of
• 1:07:55
  Speaker 8: the cost. The natural lapis lasoli has a hardness a
• 1:08:00
  Speaker 8: five and a half and a specific gravity about like
• 1:08:03
  Speaker 8: that of quartz. It is quite opaque. In color, it
• 1:08:07
  Speaker 8: is blue, varying from the prized ultramarine to paler, and
• 1:08:11
  Speaker 8: at times is of a greenish shade. It is said
• 1:08:14
  Speaker 8: the pale colored portions can be turned darker by heating
• 1:08:17
  Speaker 8: to a red heat. When the variety from Chile is
• 1:08:21
  Speaker 8: heated in the dark, it emits a phosphorescent green light.
• 1:08:25
  Speaker 8: The stone in nature is often flecked with white calcite.
• 1:08:28
  Speaker 8: Portions so affected are not considered as valuable as the
• 1:08:32
  Speaker 8: uniform blue. Grains of pyrite are also usually scattered through
• 1:08:36
  Speaker 8: the stone, giving the starry effect referred to by Pliny.
• 1:08:41
  Speaker 8: Lapis Lasoli usually occurs in limestone, but in connection with granite,
• 1:08:45
  Speaker 8: so that it seems to be a product of the
• 1:08:47
  Speaker 8: eruption of the granite through the limestone. The lapis lasoli
• 1:08:52
  Speaker 8: of best quality comes from Asia, the mines being Apedacchan
• 1:08:56
  Speaker 8: in the northeastern part of Afghanistan on the Oxus River.
• 1:09:00
  Speaker 8: The mining is done by building great fires on the
• 1:09:03
  Speaker 8: rocks and throwing water on them to break them. The
• 1:09:06
  Speaker 8: yield at present is small, not over fifteen hundred pounds
• 1:09:09
  Speaker 8: a year being obtained. The lapis lazoli from these mines
• 1:09:13
  Speaker 8: is distributed all over Asia, going chiefly to China and Russia.
• 1:09:17
  Speaker 8: The price realized is said to be from fifty to
• 1:09:20
  Speaker 8: seventy five dollars per pound. Lapis lazoli, of poorer quality
• 1:09:24
  Speaker 8: comes from a region at the western end of Lake
• 1:09:26
  Speaker 8: Bikal in Siberia. The only other important locality is in
• 1:09:31
  Speaker 8: the Andes Mountains of Chile, near the boundary of the
• 1:09:33
  Speaker 8: Argentine Republic. This material is not much used at the
• 1:09:37
  Speaker 8: present time on account of its poor quality, but it
• 1:09:40
  Speaker 8: was employed by the Incas for decorative purposes. One mass
• 1:09:44
  Speaker 8: twenty four by twelve by eight inches, doubtless from this locality,
• 1:09:49
  Speaker 8: is now in the Field Columbian Museum and was found
• 1:09:52
  Speaker 8: in a Peruvian grave. It is one of the largest
• 1:09:55
  Speaker 8: masses of lapis lazoli known. The walls of a palace
• 1:10:00
  Speaker 8: at Zarksko Selo, Russia, built by order of Catherine the
• 1:10:03
  Speaker 8: Second are entirely lined with slabs of lapis lazoli and
• 1:10:06
  Speaker 8: amber pulverized. The stone was used as a tonic and
• 1:10:11
  Speaker 8: purgative by the Greeks and Romans. The name lapis lazoli
• 1:10:15
  Speaker 8: means blue stone. Armenian stone is another term by which
• 1:10:19
  Speaker 8: the stone is known in trade. Amber. Few minerals have
• 1:10:25
  Speaker 8: been longer in favor for ornamental purposes than amber. Among
• 1:10:29
  Speaker 8: remains of the earliest peoples, such as the Egyptians and
• 1:10:32
  Speaker 8: cave dwellers of Switzerland. It is found in carved masses,
• 1:10:35
  Speaker 8: indicating that it was highly prized. The Phoenicians are said
• 1:10:40
  Speaker 8: to have sailed to the Baltic for the purpose of
• 1:10:42
  Speaker 8: procuring it, while the Greek's knowledge of it is indelibly
• 1:10:45
  Speaker 8: preserved in our word electricity, derived from their word electron.
• 1:10:51
  Speaker 8: The high favor in which the ancients regarded amber has
• 1:10:54
  Speaker 8: hardly endured, however, to the present time. Were it not
• 1:10:57
  Speaker 8: for its use for mouthpieces of pipes and other smokecher's articles,
• 1:11:01
  Speaker 8: and the occasional amber necklace to be seen, amber would
• 1:11:04
  Speaker 8: hardly be known among the present generation in our country.
• 1:11:08
  Speaker 8: Amber is a fossil gum of trees of the genus Pinus,
• 1:11:12
  Speaker 8: and is thus a vegetable rather than a mineral product.
• 1:11:16
  Speaker 8: In color, it is yellow, varying to reddish, brownish, and whitish.
• 1:11:20
  Speaker 8: Its hardness is two to two point five it being
• 1:11:23
  Speaker 8: slightly harder than gypsum and softer than calcite. It cannot
• 1:11:27
  Speaker 8: be scratched by the finger nail, but easily and deeply
• 1:11:30
  Speaker 8: with a knife. It is also brittle. Its specific gravity
• 1:11:34
  Speaker 8: is scarcely greater than that of water. The exact specific
• 1:11:37
  Speaker 8: weight being one point zero five zero to one point
• 1:11:40
  Speaker 8: zero nine six. It thus almost floats in water, especially
• 1:11:44
  Speaker 8: sea water. It is transparent to translucent. On being heated,
• 1:11:49
  Speaker 8: it becomes soft at one hundred and fifty degrees, and
• 1:11:52
  Speaker 8: at two hundred fifty degrees to three hundred degrees melts.
• 1:11:55
  Speaker 8: It also burns readily and at a low temperature, a
• 1:11:58
  Speaker 8: fact which has given rise to the name of Bernstein,
• 1:12:01
  Speaker 8: by which the Germans know it, and to one of
• 1:12:04
  Speaker 8: the Roman names for it, lapis ardens. Rubbed with the cloth,
• 1:12:08
  Speaker 8: it becomes strongly electric, attracting bits of paper, et cetera.
• 1:12:12
  Speaker 8: As already noted, our word electricity comes from the Greek
• 1:12:15
  Speaker 8: for amber, this seeming to be one of the first
• 1:12:17
  Speaker 8: minerals in which this property was noted. Amber, being a
• 1:12:21
  Speaker 8: poor conductor of heat, feels warm rather than cold in
• 1:12:24
  Speaker 8: the hand, Contrary to most minerals. It is attacked but
• 1:12:28
  Speaker 8: slowly by alcohol, ether and similar solvents, a property by
• 1:12:32
  Speaker 8: which it may be distinguished from most modern gums and
• 1:12:35
  Speaker 8: some other fossil ones. In composition, is an oxygenated hydrocarbon,
• 1:12:40
  Speaker 8: the percentages of these elements being in an average sample
• 1:12:43
  Speaker 8: carbon seventy eight point nine four, hydrogen ten point five three,
• 1:12:48
  Speaker 8: and oxygen ten point five three. The mineralogical name of
• 1:12:52
  Speaker 8: amber is sexonite, a word derived from the Latin suxum juice.
• 1:12:57
  Speaker 8: One of its constituents is the organic acid called succinic acid.
• 1:13:02
  Speaker 8: The present source of most of the amber of commerce
• 1:13:05
  Speaker 8: is the Prussian coast of the Baltic Sea between Memmel
• 1:13:08
  Speaker 8: and Danzig, although it is found as far west as
• 1:13:11
  Speaker 8: slice Wig Holstein and the Frisian Islands, and even occasionally
• 1:13:16
  Speaker 8: on the shores of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. From time immemorial,
• 1:13:20
  Speaker 8: pieces of amber have been cast upon the shore in
• 1:13:23
  Speaker 8: these localities, and their collection and sale has afforded a
• 1:13:26
  Speaker 8: livelihood to coast dwellers. Such amber is called sea stone
• 1:13:31
  Speaker 8: or sea amber, and is superior to that obtained by mining,
• 1:13:35
  Speaker 8: since it is usually of uniform quality and not discolored
• 1:13:38
  Speaker 8: or altered on the surface. Owing to its lightness, the
• 1:13:41
  Speaker 8: amber is often found entangled in seaweed, and the collectors
• 1:13:45
  Speaker 8: are accustomed to draw in masses of seaweed and search
• 1:13:48
  Speaker 8: them for amber. Amber so obtained is called scoopstone, nets
• 1:13:53
  Speaker 8: being sometimes used to gather it in the seaweed. In
• 1:13:56
  Speaker 8: the marshy regions, Men on horseback called amber riders, follow
• 1:14:00
  Speaker 8: the outgoing tide and search for the yellow gum. It
• 1:14:03
  Speaker 8: is also searched for by divers to some extent. From
• 1:14:06
  Speaker 8: the earliest times, the title to this amber has vested
• 1:14:09
  Speaker 8: in the state, and its collecting has been done either
• 1:14:12
  Speaker 8: under state control or as at present, when a tax
• 1:14:15
  Speaker 8: is levied by the government upon it. This tax is
• 1:14:18
  Speaker 8: levied on the amber that is mined, as well as
• 1:14:21
  Speaker 8: that obtained from the sea, and brings a revenue at
• 1:14:23
  Speaker 8: the present time of about two hundred thousand dollars. Up
• 1:14:28
  Speaker 8: to eighteen sixty, the methods of procuring amber were largely
• 1:14:31
  Speaker 8: confined to obtaining it in the manner above noted. As
• 1:14:34
  Speaker 8: it was evident, however, that the sea amber came from
• 1:14:36
  Speaker 8: strata underneath, and that if either by dredging or mining,
• 1:14:40
  Speaker 8: these strata could be reached, a much larger supply could
• 1:14:43
  Speaker 8: be obtained. Exploration was carried on by mining methods with
• 1:14:47
  Speaker 8: successful results, and the principal amount of the amber of
• 1:14:51
  Speaker 8: commerce is now so obtained. The strata as shown in
• 1:14:54
  Speaker 8: the mines of Samland, the rectangular peninsula of East Prussia,
• 1:14:58
  Speaker 8: where most of the mining is go carried on are
• 1:15:01
  Speaker 8: first a bed of sand, below this a layer of
• 1:15:04
  Speaker 8: lignite with sand and clay, and following this a stratum
• 1:15:07
  Speaker 8: of green sand fifty or sixty feet in thickness. While
• 1:15:11
  Speaker 8: all these strata contains scattered pieces of amber, it is
• 1:15:14
  Speaker 8: at the bottom of the green sand layer that the
• 1:15:16
  Speaker 8: amber chiefly occurs, in a stratum four or five feet
• 1:15:20
  Speaker 8: thick and a very dark color. It is called the
• 1:15:23
  Speaker 8: blue earth. This stratum is of tertiary age, and there
• 1:15:27
  Speaker 8: can be no doubt that its amber represents gum fallen
• 1:15:30
  Speaker 8: from pines which grew at this period, and whose woody
• 1:15:33
  Speaker 8: remains are represented to some extent in the layer of lignite.
• 1:15:37
  Speaker 8: It is probably true, as Zadok remarks, that the amber
• 1:15:41
  Speaker 8: has been collected here from older deposits. One of the
• 1:15:45
  Speaker 8: most interesting proofs of the vegetable origin of amber is
• 1:15:48
  Speaker 8: the occurrence in it of insects, sometimes with a leg
• 1:15:51
  Speaker 8: or wing separated a little distance from the body, showing
• 1:15:55
  Speaker 8: that it had struggled to escape. These insects include spiders, flies, ants,
• 1:15:59
  Speaker 8: and beetles, while the feather of a bird has even
• 1:16:02
  Speaker 8: been found thus preserved. Indeed, the amber deposits have furnished
• 1:16:06
  Speaker 8: important contributions to our knowledge of tertiary life. Inasmuch as
• 1:16:11
  Speaker 8: the pieces bearing such remains are valued more highly than
• 1:16:14
  Speaker 8: ordinary amber. Unscrupulous persons have at times found profitable employment
• 1:16:18
  Speaker 8: in boring cavities into pieces of amber, introducing flies or
• 1:16:22
  Speaker 8: lizards into them, and then filling up the whole with
• 1:16:25
  Speaker 8: some modern gum of the same color. It is said
• 1:16:28
  Speaker 8: that all amphibious or water animals seen in amber have
• 1:16:32
  Speaker 8: been introduced in this way. Besides the counterfeiting of the
• 1:16:36
  Speaker 8: inclusions of amber, there are several substitutes for the gum itself.
• 1:16:40
  Speaker 8: These are chiefly celluloid and glass, the substitution of the
• 1:16:44
  Speaker 8: former being dangerous if used for the embellishment of pipes
• 1:16:47
  Speaker 8: on account of its inflammatory character. Celluloid can be distinguished
• 1:16:52
  Speaker 8: from amber by the fact that when rubbed, it does
• 1:16:54
  Speaker 8: not become electric and gives off an odor of camphor
• 1:16:57
  Speaker 8: instead of the somewhat aromatic one of amber. It is
• 1:17:01
  Speaker 8: also quickly attacked by alcohol or ether, and when scraped
• 1:17:04
  Speaker 8: with a knife, gives a shaving rather than a powder
• 1:17:07
  Speaker 8: as amber does. Glass can be distinguished by its cold
• 1:17:11
  Speaker 8: feeling and greater specific gravity. Besides these substitutes, it has
• 1:17:15
  Speaker 8: been found possible by heating and pressing the scraps of
• 1:17:18
  Speaker 8: amber not large enough for carving, to make them into
• 1:17:21
  Speaker 8: a homogeneous mass, which is sometimes sold as amber and
• 1:17:25
  Speaker 8: sometimes as amberoid. Amber is worked to desired shapes by
• 1:17:29
  Speaker 8: turning it on lays or by cutting by hand. By
• 1:17:33
  Speaker 8: heating it in linseed oil, it becomes soft so that
• 1:17:36
  Speaker 8: it can be bent, and often all opaque spots can
• 1:17:39
  Speaker 8: be made to disappear by such treatment. The amber, which
• 1:17:42
  Speaker 8: is most highly prized of any in the world, comes
• 1:17:44
  Speaker 8: from Sicily. Eight hundred dollars have been paid for pieces
• 1:17:48
  Speaker 8: of this, no larger than walnuts, making their value nearly
• 1:17:52
  Speaker 8: equal to that of diamonds. The beauty of the Sicilian
• 1:17:55
  Speaker 8: amber consists in the variety of colors which it displays,
• 1:17:59
  Speaker 8: blood red and chrysollite green being not uncommon, and the
• 1:18:03
  Speaker 8: fact that these often exhibit a brilliant fluorescence glowing within
• 1:18:06
  Speaker 8: with the light of different color from the exterior. Chemically,
• 1:18:10
  Speaker 8: the Sicilian amber is not the same as the Prussian,
• 1:18:13
  Speaker 8: as it contains less sucinic acid and is somewhat more soluble.
• 1:18:17
  Speaker 8: In other respects, it is not essentially different. It occurs
• 1:18:21
  Speaker 8: chiefly on the eastern and southeastern coasts, being washed up
• 1:18:24
  Speaker 8: in a manner very similar to the Prussian amber. Amber
• 1:18:28
  Speaker 8: has been found in several places in the United States,
• 1:18:31
  Speaker 8: but there is little of commercial value. It is mostly
• 1:18:34
  Speaker 8: connected with the Cretaceous glauconitic or green sand deposits of
• 1:18:38
  Speaker 8: New Jersey, fragments being frequently found there. This amber is
• 1:18:42
  Speaker 8: of yellow color, but not so compact or lustrous as
• 1:18:45
  Speaker 8: the foreign amber. Amber has also been reported from the
• 1:18:49
  Speaker 8: marls of North Carolina, some of the coal beds of Wyoming,
• 1:18:53
  Speaker 8: and in connection with lignite in Alaska. In the latter region,
• 1:18:56
  Speaker 8: the natives are said to carve it into rude beads.
• 1:19:00
  Speaker 8: Amber occurs in small quantities in several countries of Europe,
• 1:19:03
  Speaker 8: such as near Basel in Switzerland, near Paris in France,
• 1:19:07
  Speaker 8: and near London in England. It is also found in
• 1:19:10
  Speaker 8: many parts of Asia, these localities being a source of
• 1:19:13
  Speaker 8: supply to the Asiatic countries such as China and India.
• 1:19:17
  Speaker 8: Occasionally amber is obtained from Mexico, which has the beautiful
• 1:19:20
  Speaker 8: fluorescence of the Sicilian article, though the exact locality whence
• 1:19:24
  Speaker 8: it comes is not known. Specimens of carved amber are
• 1:19:28
  Speaker 8: found among the relics of the Aztecs, and it is
• 1:19:31
  Speaker 8: probable that they used it for incense. The early use
• 1:19:34
  Speaker 8: of amber by European peoples has already been referred to.
• 1:19:37
  Speaker 8: There are references to it in the most ancient literature,
• 1:19:40
  Speaker 8: and worked masses of it are found among human relics
• 1:19:43
  Speaker 8: of the greatest antiquity. Up to the comparatively modern times,
• 1:19:47
  Speaker 8: it was an important article of commerce among widely scattered peoples,
• 1:19:51
  Speaker 8: and had much to do with bringing about communication between them.
• 1:19:55
  Speaker 8: Together with tin, it was one of the chief objects
• 1:19:58
  Speaker 8: which led the Romans to penetrate the gold regions to
• 1:20:01
  Speaker 8: the west and north of the Mediterranean, and Pliny says
• 1:20:04
  Speaker 8: that it had been so highly valued as an object
• 1:20:07
  Speaker 8: of luxury that a very diminutive human effigy made of
• 1:20:11
  Speaker 8: amber had been known to sell at a higher price
• 1:20:13
  Speaker 8: than living men, even in stout and vigorous health. One
• 1:20:18
  Speaker 8: of the most elaborate of the Greek myths is that
• 1:20:20
  Speaker 8: which accounts for the origin of amber. It runs in
• 1:20:23
  Speaker 8: this wise Patheon, undertaking to drive the chariot of his
• 1:20:27
  Speaker 8: son godfather, Helios, lost control of his steeds, and, approaching
• 1:20:32
  Speaker 8: too near the earth, set it on fire. Jupiter to
• 1:20:35
  Speaker 8: stop him launched a thunderbolt at faithOn, and he fell
• 1:20:39
  Speaker 8: dead into the Eridanus. His sisters, lamenting his death, were
• 1:20:43
  Speaker 8: changed into poplars, and their tears became amber. In the Odyssey,
• 1:20:48
  Speaker 8: one of Penelope's admirers gives her an amber necklace, and
• 1:20:52
  Speaker 8: Marshall compares the fragrance of amber to the fragrance of
• 1:20:55
  Speaker 8: a kiss. Milton writes of amber, and Shakespeare mentions it
• 1:20:59
  Speaker 8: both in Love's Labor Lost and The Taming of the Shrew.
• 1:21:03
  Speaker 8: Necklaces of amber are popular wedding presents among the peasants
• 1:21:06
  Speaker 8: of Prussia, and they form an important feature of the
• 1:21:09
  Speaker 8: ornaments worn by many African chiefs. The properties assigned to amber,
• 1:21:13
  Speaker 8: both as a charm and as a medicine, have been many.
• 1:21:17
  Speaker 8: From the earliest times, it has been used as an amulet,
• 1:21:20
  Speaker 8: being supposed to bring good luck and to protect the
• 1:21:22
  Speaker 8: wearer against the evil eye of an enemy. Necklaces of
• 1:21:26
  Speaker 8: amber beads are used to this day as preventative or
• 1:21:29
  Speaker 8: curative of sore throat, and the Shah of Persia wears
• 1:21:32
  Speaker 8: around his neck a cube of amber reported to have
• 1:21:35
  Speaker 8: fallen from heaven in the time of Mohammad, which is
• 1:21:38
  Speaker 8: supposed to have the power of rendering its wearer invulnerable.
• 1:21:42
  Speaker 8: Amber was also taken internally in former times as a
• 1:21:45
  Speaker 8: cure for asthma, dropsy, toothache and other diseases, and to
• 1:21:50
  Speaker 8: this day is prescribed by physicians in France, Germany and
• 1:21:53
  Speaker 8: Italy for different ailments. The use of amber for artistic
• 1:21:57
  Speaker 8: and decorative purposes has declined considers durably since the Middle Ages,
• 1:22:02
  Speaker 8: but magnificent illustrations of its employment for these purposes are
• 1:22:06
  Speaker 8: to be seen in many European museums, notably the Green
• 1:22:10
  Speaker 8: Vaults of Dresden. Though so soft and easily destructible a substance,
• 1:22:15
  Speaker 8: it endures with ordinary care as well as the hard
• 1:22:17
  Speaker 8: is stone, and works of art formed from amber are
• 1:22:21
  Speaker 8: as well preserved as any to be found. Malakite malakite
• 1:22:27
  Speaker 8: is a green, opaque mineral whose color indicates a salt
• 1:22:30
  Speaker 8: of copper. It is a carbonate of copper, containing water
• 1:22:33
  Speaker 8: percentages being in the typical mineral cupric oxide seventy one
• 1:22:37
  Speaker 8: point nine, carbon dioxide nineteen point nine, and water eight
• 1:22:42
  Speaker 8: point two. It is the common form which copper assumes
• 1:22:45
  Speaker 8: when it or even its ores oxidize in the air.
• 1:22:49
  Speaker 8: Many of the green stains on rocks or minerals can
• 1:22:52
  Speaker 8: be correctly referred to malakite. It is only valued for
• 1:22:55
  Speaker 8: ornamental purposes. However, when it occurs in compact masses, usually
• 1:22:59
  Speaker 8: exhibiting concentric layers, Malachite in this form takes a fine polish.
• 1:23:04
  Speaker 8: Malachite is not a hard mineral, its hardness being between
• 1:23:08
  Speaker 8: three point five and four. It can therefore be scratched
• 1:23:11
  Speaker 8: with a knife. It is comparatively heavy, weighing four times
• 1:23:15
  Speaker 8: as much as an equal bulk of water. When heated
• 1:23:18
  Speaker 8: before the blowpipe, it fuses, easily coloring the flame green.
• 1:23:22
  Speaker 8: By heating long enough on charcoal, it can be made
• 1:23:25
  Speaker 8: to yield a globule of copper. It is easily attacked
• 1:23:28
  Speaker 8: by common acids, causing effervescence of carbon dioxide. This test
• 1:23:33
  Speaker 8: can be used to distinguish it from the silicate of
• 1:23:35
  Speaker 8: copper cryscola, which has the same color. Besides its occurrence
• 1:23:40
  Speaker 8: in massive forms as noted above, malachite not uncommonly occurs
• 1:23:44
  Speaker 8: in tufts and rosettes, encrusting other minerals. This is an
• 1:23:48
  Speaker 8: especially common occurrence in mines in Arizona and affords specimens
• 1:23:52
  Speaker 8: of great beauty, especially when the green tufts of malachite
• 1:23:55
  Speaker 8: are seen upon brown limonite, for then the appearance of
• 1:23:59
  Speaker 8: moss on wood is closely simulated. Such material is, of
• 1:24:03
  Speaker 8: course too fragile to be used for decorative purposes. Malakite
• 1:24:08
  Speaker 8: is prepared for ornamental use by sawing masses of the
• 1:24:11
  Speaker 8: character of those previously referred to into thin strips, which
• 1:24:15
  Speaker 8: are then fastened as a veneer on vessels of copper,
• 1:24:18
  Speaker 8: slate or other stone previously turned to the desired shape,
• 1:24:22
  Speaker 8: putting pieces together so that neither by their outlines nor
• 1:24:25
  Speaker 8: color will it appear that they are patchwork requires a
• 1:24:28
  Speaker 8: high degree of skill, and such work is done almost
• 1:24:31
  Speaker 8: exclusively in Russia. Tabletops, vases, and various other vessels are
• 1:24:36
  Speaker 8: manufactured in this way and form objects of great beauty.
• 1:24:40
  Speaker 8: The pillars of the Church of Isaac and Saint Petersburg
• 1:24:43
  Speaker 8: are of malachite prepared in this way, and there are
• 1:24:46
  Speaker 8: similar pillars in the Church of Saint Sophia Constantinople, said
• 1:24:50
  Speaker 8: to have been taken from the Temple of Diana at Ephesus.
• 1:24:54
  Speaker 8: Occasionally the desired object can be turned from a single
• 1:24:57
  Speaker 8: piece of malakite, but pieces of sufficient side for this
• 1:25:00
  Speaker 8: purpose are rare. Bauer describes one piece found in the
• 1:25:04
  Speaker 8: Gummis Shuisk mines, which was seventeen and a half feet long,
• 1:25:08
  Speaker 8: eight feet broad and three and a half feet high
• 1:25:11
  Speaker 8: and compact throughout. This is probably the largest single mass known.
• 1:25:16
  Speaker 8: Russia furnishes most of the malakite suitable for work of
• 1:25:19
  Speaker 8: this kind, and the art of cutting and fitting the
• 1:25:22
  Speaker 8: stone is possessed almost exclusively in that country. Most of
• 1:25:26
  Speaker 8: the Russian malakite has been obtained from the mines of
• 1:25:29
  Speaker 8: Nishki to Glist and Bogoslavsk in the northern Urals, Ergumis
• 1:25:34
  Speaker 8: Shusk in the south. The supply has gradually decreased till
• 1:25:38
  Speaker 8: now only the Nishna Taglisk mines are productive. The malakite
• 1:25:42
  Speaker 8: is said to occur there in veins of limestone. Besides
• 1:25:46
  Speaker 8: the Urals, fine malakite suitable for cutting comes from Australia.
• 1:25:51
  Speaker 8: Burr BurrH in New South Wales and Peak Downs in
• 1:25:54
  Speaker 8: Queensland are localities whence good Australian malakite is obtained. Malakite
• 1:25:59
  Speaker 8: as a mineral is common in copper mines in the
• 1:26:01
  Speaker 8: United States, but it is only in Arizona that it
• 1:26:04
  Speaker 8: is found of a quality suitable for cutting a variety
• 1:26:08
  Speaker 8: from Morenci Arizona consists of malachite and azurite, and gives
• 1:26:12
  Speaker 8: a combination of green and blue that is unique and pleasing.
• 1:26:16
  Speaker 8: Less use has been made of such material for ornamental
• 1:26:19
  Speaker 8: purposes than might have been for most of it has
• 1:26:22
  Speaker 8: unfortunately been smelted as a copper ore. Malakite is rarely
• 1:26:26
  Speaker 8: used for rings or small jewels, but is cut into
• 1:26:29
  Speaker 8: ear rings, bracelets, inkstands, and similar objects. Art objects of
• 1:26:34
  Speaker 8: malachite seem to have been much in favor with Russian emperors,
• 1:26:37
  Speaker 8: as gifts to contemporaneous sovereigns and so bestowed, are to
• 1:26:41
  Speaker 8: be seen in numerous palaces in Europe. Perhaps the most
• 1:26:45
  Speaker 8: famous of these gifts is the set of center tables, mantelpieces, ewers,
• 1:26:50
  Speaker 8: basins and vases, presented by the Emperor Alexander to Napoleon,
• 1:26:54
  Speaker 8: and still to be seen in an apartment in the
• 1:26:56
  Speaker 8: Grand Trianon at Versailles. Allekite was well known to the ancients, and,
• 1:27:02
  Speaker 8: like other precious stones, was worn as an amulet. It
• 1:27:05
  Speaker 8: was called pseudo emerald by Theophrastus. Its name is from
• 1:27:09
  Speaker 8: the Greek malak the word for mallows, and was given
• 1:27:13
  Speaker 8: doubtless on account of its green color. As you're write,
• 1:27:16
  Speaker 8: the blue mineral which often accompanies malakite, is likewise a
• 1:27:20
  Speaker 8: hydrous carbonate of copper, and occasionally occurs so that it
• 1:27:23
  Speaker 8: can be used with malachite for ornamental purposes. Oliver Cummings Farrington,
• 1:27:31
  Speaker 8: end of section sixteen.
• 1:27:39
  Speaker 6: Section seventeen of Birds and Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
• 1:27:45
  Speaker 6: October nineteen o two. This is a LibriVox recording. All
• 1:27:50
  Speaker 6: LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information
• 1:27:55
  Speaker 6: or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by
• 1:28:01
  Speaker 6: Thin Handyside the leaf butterfly Klama pyrelecta. There are many
• 1:28:14
  Speaker 6: instances of protective imitation or mimicry in nature, but none
• 1:28:20
  Speaker 6: are more pronounced, more perfect, or more interesting than that
• 1:28:25
  Speaker 6: shown by the leaf butterflies. Briefly defined, the phenomenon of
• 1:28:31
  Speaker 6: mimicry is that relation which obtains when a certain species
• 1:28:36
  Speaker 6: of plants or animal possesses some special means of defense
• 1:28:40
  Speaker 6: from its enemies, and some other species inhabiting the same
• 1:28:44
  Speaker 6: district or a part of it, and not itself provided
• 1:28:47
  Speaker 6: with the same special means of defense. Closely resembles the
• 1:28:53
  Speaker 6: first species in all external points of form and color,
• 1:28:57
  Speaker 6: though often very different in structure and unrelated in the
• 1:29:01
  Speaker 6: biological order. Many animals, such as some tree lizards, resemble
• 1:29:08
  Speaker 6: the colors of the environment in which they live, either
• 1:29:11
  Speaker 6: for protection from enemies or in order that they may
• 1:29:15
  Speaker 6: more easily catch their prey. Some arboreal snakes hang from
• 1:29:20
  Speaker 6: the boughs of trees like the drooping ends of creeping vines.
• 1:29:25
  Speaker 6: The coloring of the undersurface of the wings of the
• 1:29:28
  Speaker 6: leaf butterflies very closely resembles the color of a dried leaf.
• 1:29:33
  Speaker 6: As dried leaves vary in color and appearance, so do
• 1:29:37
  Speaker 6: the butterflies vary in the color and markings of their wings.
• 1:29:42
  Speaker 6: It is said that even in the same species, the
• 1:29:46
  Speaker 6: undersurface of the wings may be of various shades of brown, yellow, ash,
• 1:29:52
  Speaker 6: and red. But the imitation of the dried leaf does
• 1:29:56
  Speaker 6: not alone rest on the color, For often herein there
• 1:30:00
  Speaker 6: may be seen small groups of dark colored spots, which
• 1:30:05
  Speaker 6: strikingly resemble the patches of fungi that are so common
• 1:30:08
  Speaker 6: on leaves. The mimicry of this butterfly is purely protective,
• 1:30:13
  Speaker 6: and not for the purpose of deceiving its prey. Doctor
• 1:30:18
  Speaker 6: Alfred Russell Wallace, in his Malay Archipelago, writes of this
• 1:30:22
  Speaker 6: butterfly as he found it in its native element. He says,
• 1:30:27
  Speaker 6: this species was not uncommon in dry woods and thickets,
• 1:30:32
  Speaker 6: and I often endeavored to capture it, without success, for
• 1:30:36
  Speaker 6: after flying a short distance, it would enter a bush
• 1:30:39
  Speaker 6: among dry or dead leaves, and however carefully I crept
• 1:30:43
  Speaker 6: up to the spot, I could never discover it, till
• 1:30:46
  Speaker 6: it would suddenly start out again and then disappear in
• 1:30:50
  Speaker 6: a similar place. At length, I was fortunate enough to
• 1:30:54
  Speaker 6: see the exact spot where the butterfly settled, and though
• 1:30:58
  Speaker 6: I lost sight of it for some time, I at
• 1:31:01
  Speaker 6: length discovered that it was close before my eyes, but
• 1:31:04
  Speaker 6: that in its position of repose, it so closely resembled
• 1:31:08
  Speaker 6: a dead leaf attached to a twig, as almost certain
• 1:31:13
  Speaker 6: to deceive the eye even when gazing full upon it.
• 1:31:18
  Speaker 6: I captured several specimens on the wing, and was able
• 1:31:22
  Speaker 6: fully to understand the way in which this wonderful resemblance
• 1:31:26
  Speaker 6: is produced. The ends of the upper wings terminate in
• 1:31:30
  Speaker 6: a fine point, just as the leaves of many tropical
• 1:31:34
  Speaker 6: shrubs and trees are pointed while the lower wings are
• 1:31:37
  Speaker 6: somewhat more obtuse and are lengthened out into a short,
• 1:31:42
  Speaker 6: thick tail. Between these two points there runs a dark
• 1:31:46
  Speaker 6: curved line exactly representing the mid rib of a leaf,
• 1:31:52
  Speaker 6: and from this radiate on each side a few oblique
• 1:31:56
  Speaker 6: marks which well imitate the lateral veins. These marks are
• 1:32:01
  Speaker 6: more clearly seen on the outer portion of the base
• 1:32:04
  Speaker 6: of the wings and on the inner side towards the
• 1:32:07
  Speaker 6: middle an apex, and they are produced by stryae and markings,
• 1:32:13
  Speaker 6: which are very common in allied species, but which are
• 1:32:17
  Speaker 6: here modified and strengthened so as to imitate more exactly
• 1:32:21
  Speaker 6: the venation of a leaf. The habit of the species
• 1:32:27
  Speaker 6: is always to rest on a dead twig and among
• 1:32:30
  Speaker 6: dead or dried leaves, and in this position, with the
• 1:32:34
  Speaker 6: wings closely pressed together, their outline is exactly that of
• 1:32:39
  Speaker 6: a moderately sized leaf, slightly curved or shriveled. The tail
• 1:32:44
  Speaker 6: of the hind wing forms a perfect stalk and touches
• 1:32:49
  Speaker 6: the stick, while the insect is supported by the middle
• 1:32:52
  Speaker 6: pair of legs, which are not noticed among the twigs
• 1:32:55
  Speaker 6: and fibers that surround it. The head and antennae are
• 1:33:00
  Speaker 6: drawn back between the wings so as to be quite concealed.
• 1:33:04
  Speaker 6: And there is a little notch hollowed out at the
• 1:33:06
  Speaker 6: very base of the wings, which allows the head to
• 1:33:09
  Speaker 6: be retracted sufficiently. All these varied details combined to produce
• 1:33:15
  Speaker 6: a disguise that is so complete and marvelous as to
• 1:33:19
  Speaker 6: astonish everyone who observes it. And the habits of the
• 1:33:24
  Speaker 6: insects are such as to utilize all these peculiarities and
• 1:33:28
  Speaker 6: render them available in such a manner as to remove
• 1:33:32
  Speaker 6: all doubt of the purpose of this singular case of mimicry,
• 1:33:36
  Speaker 6: which is undoubtedly a protection to the insect. Its strong
• 1:33:42
  Speaker 6: swift flight is sufficient to save it from its enemies
• 1:33:45
  Speaker 6: when on the wing, But if it were equally conspicuous
• 1:33:49
  Speaker 6: when at rest, it could not long escape extinction, owing
• 1:33:55
  Speaker 6: to the attacks of the insectivorous birds and reptiles that
• 1:33:59
  Speaker 6: abound in chop forests. End of section seventeen. Recording by
• 1:34:07
  Speaker 6: Thin Handyside.
• 1:34:14
  Speaker 9: Section eighteen of Birds and Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
• 1:34:20
  Speaker 9: October nineteen o two. Recorded for LibriVox dot Org by M. L. Wise.
• 1:34:28
  Speaker 9: In autumn, the waves come galloping up the shore. The
• 1:34:33
  Speaker 9: trees are flinging their arms about all night. I have
• 1:34:38
  Speaker 9: heard the wind's loud roar, and the surf call back
• 1:34:43
  Speaker 9: with angry shout. And after the wind, a grieving rain comes,
• 1:34:48
  Speaker 9: sighing and sobbing past my door. The summer flowers I
• 1:34:53
  Speaker 9: seek in vain is my work of love forever or
• 1:34:58
  Speaker 9: one day ago and a soft sun shone. Butterflies flitted
• 1:35:04
  Speaker 9: through quiet air. But now both they and the birds
• 1:35:08
  Speaker 9: are gone, And soon will the trees be stripped and bare.
• 1:35:13
  Speaker 9: The winds blow cold, and the skies are gray. The
• 1:35:18
  Speaker 9: sun of summer still shines for me. For naught can
• 1:35:22
  Speaker 9: drive from my heart away. The memory of bird and
• 1:35:26
  Speaker 9: flower and Tree Grace Wickham Curran, end of section eighteen.
• 1:35:35
  Speaker 9: This recording is in the public domain.
• 1:35:42
  Speaker 4: Section nineteen of Birds and Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
• 1:35:47
  Speaker 4: October nineteen oh two, recorded for LibriVox dot Org by
• 1:35:52
  Speaker 4: Betty B. Beautiful vines to be found in our wild
• 1:35:56
  Speaker 4: woods as the summer closes and the trees, flowers and
• 1:36:01
  Speaker 4: vines have all reached their greatest perfection, have fulfilled their
• 1:36:05
  Speaker 4: mission in life, and in addition, have beautified all the
• 1:36:08
  Speaker 4: spring and summer our lawns and verandas, and have been
• 1:36:12
  Speaker 4: admired as wonderful children of the florist's skill. How many
• 1:36:16
  Speaker 4: of us know that many of them, and especially most
• 1:36:19
  Speaker 4: of these beautiful vines, could be found in our wild
• 1:36:22
  Speaker 4: woods just for the looking that we could, with our
• 1:36:25
  Speaker 4: own hands transplant them to our homes and have just
• 1:36:29
  Speaker 4: as beautiful vines on our little porches and verandas as
• 1:36:33
  Speaker 4: any millionaire on our boulevards. One vine that we see
• 1:36:37
  Speaker 4: covering our stateliest mansions and growing over our most humble
• 1:36:41
  Speaker 4: little cottage is common in all the woods of the
• 1:36:44
  Speaker 4: United States, from Maine to Florida, from New York to California,
• 1:36:49
  Speaker 4: is the Ampelopsis quincifolia or Virginia creeper, American ivy, or
• 1:36:56
  Speaker 4: wood vine, its name changing with the portion of the
• 1:36:59
  Speaker 4: country happen to be when you find it, for we
• 1:37:02
  Speaker 4: see it frequently under its various names in cultivation, and
• 1:37:06
  Speaker 4: it certainly grows in great abundance and in the most
• 1:37:10
  Speaker 4: graceful ways in our woods over trees and shrubs and
• 1:37:13
  Speaker 4: old rock fences, clinging in the most loving way to
• 1:37:17
  Speaker 4: any surface with which it comes in contact. It belongs
• 1:37:21
  Speaker 4: to the order vitasie, or vine family, which is a
• 1:37:25
  Speaker 4: family of climbing shrubs and to which all of our
• 1:37:28
  Speaker 4: wild grapes belong. Its name Ampelopsis is from two Greek
• 1:37:33
  Speaker 4: words meaning vine an appearance quincifolia, five leaved or fingered,
• 1:37:39
  Speaker 4: its leaves being alternate and compound, with five leaflets long
• 1:37:43
  Speaker 4: and pointed radiating from the center. It may be that
• 1:37:47
  Speaker 4: it was meant to signify that our five fingers may
• 1:37:50
  Speaker 4: handle it recklessly and not run any risk of poisoning,
• 1:37:54
  Speaker 4: as so many people are fearful of being they being
• 1:37:57
  Speaker 4: unable to distinguish it from the roos ratikins or poison ivy,
• 1:38:02
  Speaker 4: which belongs with the sumacs, and as only three leaflets
• 1:38:06
  Speaker 4: or divisions in its leaves, this poison ivy could be
• 1:38:10
  Speaker 4: so easily exterminated if every one who finds a plant
• 1:38:13
  Speaker 4: of it would dig it up and burn it. It
• 1:38:16
  Speaker 4: surely is as much one's duty to help exterminate a
• 1:38:19
  Speaker 4: poisonous plant as it is to cultivate and nourish an ornamental, beautiful,
• 1:38:24
  Speaker 4: harmless one. Yet there is hardly a park in our
• 1:38:27
  Speaker 4: larger cities where you will not find the roos ratikans
• 1:38:32
  Speaker 4: or poison ivy growing. In the Virginia creeper, we will
• 1:38:36
  Speaker 4: find tendrils growing from the base of its leaves that
• 1:38:39
  Speaker 4: swell at their tips into sucker like discs, by means
• 1:38:43
  Speaker 4: of which the plant clings firmly to walls and trees
• 1:38:46
  Speaker 4: in its extensive climbing. The flowers of this beautiful vine
• 1:38:50
  Speaker 4: are small, inconspicuous, and greenish in color, with five concave,
• 1:38:55
  Speaker 4: thick spreading petals, with the calyx slightly five toothed, a
• 1:39:00
  Speaker 4: two celled ovary or seed vessel, each cell containing two seeds.
• 1:39:05
  Speaker 4: It blooms early in June, and in the early autumn,
• 1:39:08
  Speaker 4: when its leaves are turning the most exquisite shades of
• 1:39:11
  Speaker 4: scarlet and crimson, these little flowers develop into clusters of
• 1:39:15
  Speaker 4: deep blue or purple berries about the size of peace.
• 1:39:20
  Speaker 4: The whole vine is really more beautiful in the autumn
• 1:39:23
  Speaker 4: than it is in the spring, and it surely does
• 1:39:25
  Speaker 4: more than its part in making our American woodlands such
• 1:39:29
  Speaker 4: great expanses of gorgeous coloring in the fall, as to
• 1:39:33
  Speaker 4: attract the attention and remarks of all visiting foreigners. Miss. J. O. Cochrane,
• 1:39:40
  Speaker 4: end of section nineteen. This recording is in the public domain.
• 1:39:50
  Speaker 10: Section twenty of Birds in Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
• 1:39:56
  Speaker 10: October nineteen oh two. This is a librevit recording. All
• 1:40:02
  Speaker 10: LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information
• 1:40:07
  Speaker 10: or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by
• 1:40:13
  Speaker 10: Stephen Seidel, Section twenty some snails of the ocean. The
• 1:40:20
  Speaker 10: marine snails outnumber all the other mollusks, and their shells
• 1:40:24
  Speaker 10: are far more beautiful, those in the tropics, having the
• 1:40:27
  Speaker 10: most gaudy colors imaginable. The animals are all formed on
• 1:40:32
  Speaker 10: the same plan, although each family has some peculiarity not
• 1:40:36
  Speaker 10: shared by its relatives. They are found in all parts
• 1:40:39
  Speaker 10: of the world and in all climates. While the majority
• 1:40:43
  Speaker 10: of species that be either between the tides on near
• 1:40:47
  Speaker 10: low water, there are not a few which live in
• 1:40:50
  Speaker 10: the abysses of the ocean and have been dredged at
• 1:40:53
  Speaker 10: a depth of three thousand fathoms a distance of over
• 1:40:57
  Speaker 10: three miles. The average depth at which mollusks are found
• 1:41:01
  Speaker 10: in any number is about one thousand fathoms. The variability
• 1:41:06
  Speaker 10: of marine snails is so great that only a few
• 1:41:09
  Speaker 10: typical forms can be mentioned. The limpet or patella, is
• 1:41:15
  Speaker 10: a familiar mollusk to many visitors at the sea shore.
• 1:41:19
  Speaker 10: The shell is a depressed, conical oval disk, looking not
• 1:41:23
  Speaker 10: unlike miniature shield. They live on rocks to which they
• 1:41:27
  Speaker 10: tenaciously cling. Some experiments which were made on the English
• 1:41:33
  Speaker 10: limpet several years ago show that they could sustain a
• 1:41:36
  Speaker 10: weight of thirty pounds attached to their shell without being
• 1:41:39
  Speaker 10: pulled from the rock. The animal seems to have a
• 1:41:43
  Speaker 10: pretty clear idea of local geography, for it invariably returns
• 1:41:48
  Speaker 10: to the same place after its excursions for food, and
• 1:41:52
  Speaker 10: the rock in some localities has been hallowed out to
• 1:41:55
  Speaker 10: a considerable depth by the continuous dwelling thereon of the limpet.
• 1:42:01
  Speaker 10: If the surface of the rock is uneven, the shell
• 1:42:04
  Speaker 10: grows in such a manner as to fit these inequalities.
• 1:42:08
  Speaker 10: While grazing along the sides of a rock covered with
• 1:42:11
  Speaker 10: fine seaweed, it will leave a track like a worm
• 1:42:14
  Speaker 10: and will clear off quite an area in a very
• 1:42:16
  Speaker 10: short space of time. This track is made by the radula,
• 1:42:21
  Speaker 10: which is very long and is thrust out and loaded
• 1:42:24
  Speaker 10: with food, which it carries to the mouth. When at rest,
• 1:42:28
  Speaker 10: the radula is coiled like a watch spring. On the
• 1:42:32
  Speaker 10: British coast, the limpet is used as an article of
• 1:42:36
  Speaker 10: food and primitive man not only ate the mollusk, but
• 1:42:40
  Speaker 10: made a necklace by stringing the shells together. There are
• 1:42:44
  Speaker 10: several hundred species of limpet like shells, and they are
• 1:42:48
  Speaker 10: found in all parts of the world, especially on rocky shores.
• 1:42:54
  Speaker 10: A family of shells closely related to the limpets is
• 1:42:58
  Speaker 10: the fissurellinae or keyhole olympet, distinguished from the last family
• 1:43:03
  Speaker 10: by having a slit a foramon in the apex of
• 1:43:06
  Speaker 10: the shell through which waste products of digestion are discharged.
• 1:43:11
  Speaker 10: This slit resembles a keyhole, and for this reason they
• 1:43:14
  Speaker 10: are called the keyhole limpets. The shells of Fishirella are
• 1:43:18
  Speaker 10: generally rougher than those of Patella, and they live, as
• 1:43:22
  Speaker 10: a rule, in warmer seas in habits. The keyhole limpet
• 1:43:27
  Speaker 10: resembles a limpets, living in one rocky place and making
• 1:43:31
  Speaker 10: excursions for food. In the young shell, the spire is
• 1:43:35
  Speaker 10: without a perforation, disappearing as the shell increases in age.
• 1:43:40
  Speaker 10: There are over one hundred species of keyhole limpets, several
• 1:43:44
  Speaker 10: handsome species of which inhabit Florida and the West Indies.
• 1:43:50
  Speaker 10: The Haliotis or avaloni shells abound in many parts of
• 1:43:54
  Speaker 10: the world and are widely known for their beauty. The
• 1:43:58
  Speaker 10: largest and finest shells on the coast of California, where
• 1:44:02
  Speaker 10: they attain a length of ten inches. The shells are flat,
• 1:44:06
  Speaker 10: though made in the form of a spiral, and are
• 1:44:08
  Speaker 10: perforated near the edge of the last whorl, which is
• 1:44:11
  Speaker 10: many times the size of all arrest combined, and through
• 1:44:15
  Speaker 10: this perforation the water from the gills, together with the
• 1:44:18
  Speaker 10: waste products of the animal, are poured out. As the
• 1:44:22
  Speaker 10: shell increases in size, the old holes are filled up
• 1:44:26
  Speaker 10: and new ones are formed. The inside of the shell
• 1:44:29
  Speaker 10: is resplendent with iridescent colors, particularly about the region of
• 1:44:34
  Speaker 10: the huge muscle scar and when the outside is polished
• 1:44:38
  Speaker 10: they become objects fit for the palace of the king.
• 1:44:41
  Speaker 10: A large part of the Mother of Pearl is furnished
• 1:44:44
  Speaker 10: by these shells, and a vast number are annually exported
• 1:44:48
  Speaker 10: for the purpose of making pearl buttons. In England they
• 1:44:52
  Speaker 10: are called armors, but the correct name, if we translate
• 1:44:56
  Speaker 10: the generic title, is sea ear or ear. To the Chinese,
• 1:45:02
  Speaker 10: the abaloni is an object of great economic importance, and
• 1:45:06
  Speaker 10: they gather them in large quantities. Dry the animals and
• 1:45:10
  Speaker 10: use them as food, principally in the form of soup,
• 1:45:14
  Speaker 10: which is said to be very delicious. The abalone clings
• 1:45:18
  Speaker 10: to the rocks with terrible power, and many a lonely
• 1:45:21
  Speaker 10: fisherman has been drowned while gathering this mollusk by getting
• 1:45:25
  Speaker 10: his fingers caught between the shell and the rock. There
• 1:45:30
  Speaker 10: are three families of shells which are much sought after
• 1:45:34
  Speaker 10: by conchologists. These are the top shells Trocidae, the turbine
• 1:45:40
  Speaker 10: shells Turbinidae, and the pheasant shells Fascionelidae. Altogether, they embrace
• 1:45:48
  Speaker 10: nearly five hundred species, which live from the shore between
• 1:45:51
  Speaker 10: tides to the lowest depths of the ocean. The shells
• 1:45:56
  Speaker 10: of the top shells vary to a wonderful degree. Some
• 1:45:59
  Speaker 10: are large, other small. Some are perfectly plain and smooth,
• 1:46:04
  Speaker 10: while others are ornamented by impressed lines, ribs, and granules.
• 1:46:09
  Speaker 10: Some are very thin and delicate, while others are large
• 1:46:12
  Speaker 10: and massive. Many of the species are richly colored with brown, purple, black, green,
• 1:46:19
  Speaker 10: and yellowish, and all are more or less pearly. They
• 1:46:23
  Speaker 10: are all vegetable eaters. One of the best known is
• 1:46:28
  Speaker 10: Trocus niloticus, a large, massive shell striped with brown, which
• 1:46:34
  Speaker 10: is seen on the mantle of many households. One of
• 1:46:38
  Speaker 10: the prettiest top shells is the ringed top shell Calistoma anulatum,
• 1:46:44
  Speaker 10: found abundantly in some parts of California. The surface is
• 1:46:49
  Speaker 10: marked by several rows of delicate points, and the suture
• 1:46:53
  Speaker 10: is bordered by a rich line of purple. It lives
• 1:46:56
  Speaker 10: in the seaweed offshore and may be seen in pleasant
• 1:46:59
  Speaker 10: weather crawling about among the weeds. During storms of rough weather,
• 1:47:04
  Speaker 10: this frail mollusk sinks to the bottom of the sea.
• 1:47:09
  Speaker 10: The top shells inhabit many parts of the world, the
• 1:47:12
  Speaker 10: coasts of Florida and California, producing several very handsome and
• 1:47:16
  Speaker 10: interesting species. The turbine shells include many fine and large shells,
• 1:47:24
  Speaker 10: a notable species being Turbo marmaratus, the green turbine of
• 1:47:29
  Speaker 10: the dealers. This shell is about seven inches in diameter,
• 1:47:34
  Speaker 10: rich green outside and pearly inside. It is largely used
• 1:47:38
  Speaker 10: for mother of pearl work and for making pearl buttons.
• 1:47:43
  Speaker 10: It is said that the early Scandinavian monarchs used a
• 1:47:46
  Speaker 10: shell as a drinking cup. At the present time it
• 1:47:50
  Speaker 10: is used for ornamental purposes, richly mounted in Japan. The
• 1:47:56
  Speaker 10: animal is used for making chopsui, being cut in little
• 1:48:00
  Speaker 10: dice like pieces. The pheasant shells are beautifully variegated with red, black, white,
• 1:48:08
  Speaker 10: and brown, and are very interesting animals to study alive.
• 1:48:13
  Speaker 10: When crawling, the left side of the foot moves forward
• 1:48:17
  Speaker 10: while the right remains stationary, and when the right side moves,
• 1:48:21
  Speaker 10: the left remains stationary. This curious mode of progression has
• 1:48:25
  Speaker 10: been likened to the canter of a horse. The larger
• 1:48:28
  Speaker 10: species with beautifully variegated shells inhabit Australia, while the smaller
• 1:48:34
  Speaker 10: species live in the Mediterranean Sea, South Africa, the West
• 1:48:38
  Speaker 10: Indies and California. The naritas are very abundant in tropical
• 1:48:43
  Speaker 10: and semi tropical countries, where they live on rocks and
• 1:48:47
  Speaker 10: stones near the low water mark. They are said to
• 1:48:50
  Speaker 10: be nocturnal and spend the night feeding on seaweed. The
• 1:48:54
  Speaker 10: shell of the narita is solid and heavy and variously
• 1:48:58
  Speaker 10: ornamented with ribs, by steels and color patterns. The bleeding
• 1:49:03
  Speaker 10: tooth shell Nrita peleranta, so named from the presence of
• 1:49:08
  Speaker 10: a red spot near one of the calledumelite, is a
• 1:49:12
  Speaker 10: typical member of this genus. A species living in the
• 1:49:15
  Speaker 10: Philippine Islands, is said to climb trees to a considerable height.
• 1:49:20
  Speaker 10: The family Serithidae comprises some very handsome shells which inhabit salt,
• 1:49:27
  Speaker 10: brackish and fresh water. They are found throughout the world,
• 1:49:32
  Speaker 10: but the finest species live in the tropics. The spire
• 1:49:36
  Speaker 10: is very long and is composed of many whorls. Some
• 1:49:40
  Speaker 10: cells are smooth and polished, while others are marked by frills, knobs, spines,
• 1:49:46
  Speaker 10: and ribs. The name Cerithium is from the Greek word seration,
• 1:49:52
  Speaker 10: meaning a small horn, and is used because the hornlike
• 1:49:55
  Speaker 10: shapes of the shell. This family has its giants and
• 1:49:59
  Speaker 10: all alse to its pigmies, the latter being pretty reticulated.
• 1:50:03
  Speaker 10: Shelves from one fourth to three fourths of an ancient length,
• 1:50:07
  Speaker 10: living among the eel grass and other vegetation along the shores.
• 1:50:12
  Speaker 10: There are over a hundred species of these small shells,
• 1:50:16
  Speaker 10: and some when handled discharge of bright green fluid. Whoever
• 1:50:22
  Speaker 10: visits the seashore is bound to become intimately acquainted with
• 1:50:26
  Speaker 10: the vitterinas or periwinkles, for they cover the rocky shores everywhere,
• 1:50:32
  Speaker 10: millions of their rounded shells clinging to the rocks when
• 1:50:35
  Speaker 10: the tide goes out. They feed on the algae which
• 1:50:38
  Speaker 10: grows on the shore. They are found in both brackish
• 1:50:42
  Speaker 10: and fresh water. The common periwinkle Letterina litteria is extremely
• 1:50:48
  Speaker 10: abundant on the shores of southern Europe in the northern
• 1:50:51
  Speaker 10: part of the United States. In England it is used
• 1:50:55
  Speaker 10: as an article of food, and is said that nearly
• 1:50:58
  Speaker 10: two thousand tons are gathered, and and that a thousand
• 1:51:02
  Speaker 10: persons are employed in capturing it. In London and other
• 1:51:06
  Speaker 10: large cities, they are sold on the street, the animal
• 1:51:10
  Speaker 10: being picked out with a pin. It is used for
• 1:51:13
  Speaker 10: bait in some of the fisheries, and the oystermen plant
• 1:51:16
  Speaker 10: many bushels on their oyster beds yearly to keep the
• 1:51:19
  Speaker 10: seaweeds from accumulating. From these facts, it will appear that
• 1:51:24
  Speaker 10: this parawinkle is of considerable economic importance. All of the
• 1:51:29
  Speaker 10: species are amphibious, living for a long time out of water.
• 1:51:35
  Speaker 10: Of all the gastropods, none excel the curious xenophora. In
• 1:51:39
  Speaker 10: point of oddity, the shell is in general form like
• 1:51:43
  Speaker 10: that of the top shell, but as it grows it
• 1:51:46
  Speaker 10: attaches itself to small stones and pieces of shell, so
• 1:51:51
  Speaker 10: that when the animal is fully grown, it looks like
• 1:51:54
  Speaker 10: a heap of dead shells and pebbles. This habit is
• 1:51:58
  Speaker 10: in all probability to conceal feel the animal from its enemies.
• 1:52:02
  Speaker 10: They are called carriers, and the individuals with shells attached
• 1:52:06
  Speaker 10: to their house are called conchologists, while those with stones
• 1:52:11
  Speaker 10: attached are called mineralogists. The fragments of shells are attached
• 1:52:17
  Speaker 10: with concave sides upward so as not to impede the
• 1:52:21
  Speaker 10: animal during locomotion. The carriers are not able to glide
• 1:52:26
  Speaker 10: like other mollusks, their feet being very small. They progress
• 1:52:30
  Speaker 10: by lifting the front part of the foot to an
• 1:52:33
  Speaker 10: object and drawing the hind part toward it. In this way,
• 1:52:37
  Speaker 10: they jump or scramble along in a ludicrous manner. Related
• 1:52:43
  Speaker 10: to the carriers are the slipper shells crapidula, the horse
• 1:52:48
  Speaker 10: of shell hipponics, and the bonnet limpet capulus. The slipper
• 1:52:54
  Speaker 10: shells are found in many parts of the world, and
• 1:52:57
  Speaker 10: are particularly abundant on the Atlantic and Pacific shores of
• 1:53:01
  Speaker 10: the United States. The shell is flat and somewhat limpet like,
• 1:53:06
  Speaker 10: and across one end near the apex is a little
• 1:53:09
  Speaker 10: shelf which gives it the appearance of a Chinese slipper.
• 1:53:14
  Speaker 10: They adhere to stones, shells, crabs in any submerged object,
• 1:53:19
  Speaker 10: and modify the form of their shell to fit the
• 1:53:21
  Speaker 10: inequalities of their resting place. Thus, a carpidula on a
• 1:53:26
  Speaker 10: pectant shell will be ribbed, while the same species on
• 1:53:30
  Speaker 10: the stone will be perfectly smooth. Frequently they may be
• 1:53:34
  Speaker 10: seen piled one on another in tiers of six or more.
• 1:53:38
  Speaker 10: The animals generally feeds on seaweed, but has been known
• 1:53:42
  Speaker 10: to eat other mollusks. The bonnet limpets also belong to
• 1:53:46
  Speaker 10: this family, as do the cup and saucer limpets Calliptriea.
• 1:53:55
  Speaker 10: The family Stromba day contains many large and interesting shells.
• 1:54:00
  Speaker 10: The animal is very powerful and is able to leap
• 1:54:03
  Speaker 10: a considerable distance. Mister Arthur Adams, a celebrated conchologist, thus
• 1:54:09
  Speaker 10: describes its myths of the leaping. Planting firmly its powerful
• 1:54:14
  Speaker 10: narrow perculum against any resisting surface, it insinuates it under
• 1:54:20
  Speaker 10: the edge of its shell, and by a vigorous effort,
• 1:54:23
  Speaker 10: throwing itself forwards, carrying its great heavy shell with it.
• 1:54:28
  Speaker 10: The animal rolls along in a series of jumps in
• 1:54:30
  Speaker 10: a most singular and grotesque manner. End the eyes of
• 1:54:36
  Speaker 10: the animal are greatly developed, The shells of strombus very
• 1:54:41
  Speaker 10: greatly in forming color, and some the outer lip is
• 1:54:45
  Speaker 10: simply turned over, while in others it is modified by
• 1:54:48
  Speaker 10: little spines or projections. The aperture is frequently colored pink, purple,
• 1:54:54
  Speaker 10: or yellowish. The large strombus gigas is used in carving
• 1:54:59
  Speaker 10: care shell, being made up of several layers of different colors.
• 1:55:05
  Speaker 10: It is also ground to powder for the manufacture of porcelain,
• 1:55:09
  Speaker 10: and in the West Indies, the animals used as an
• 1:55:12
  Speaker 10: article of food. The augur or steeple shells belonging to
• 1:55:19
  Speaker 10: the family terribrie day have long been objects of interest
• 1:55:24
  Speaker 10: not only to the naturalist but to the layman, who
• 1:55:27
  Speaker 10: places them in his house as ornaments. There are about
• 1:55:31
  Speaker 10: two hundred species which are found in many parts of
• 1:55:34
  Speaker 10: the world, although chiefly confined to tropical seas. The shells
• 1:55:39
  Speaker 10: are very long and are composed of many tightly wound whorls,
• 1:55:42
  Speaker 10: which are smooth in some species and longitudinally ribbed in others.
• 1:55:48
  Speaker 10: They vary also in colour, being yellowish, grayish, or brownish,
• 1:55:53
  Speaker 10: and many species are spotted with red or white a
• 1:55:58
  Speaker 10: group of handsome mod ballusks live in the tropics, whose
• 1:56:01
  Speaker 10: shells been named mitra by the naturalist Lamarque from their
• 1:56:06
  Speaker 10: fancied resemblance to the Pope's miter. The shells are fusiform,
• 1:56:12
  Speaker 10: very thick and heavy, and beautifully ornamented with various colors.
• 1:56:17
  Speaker 10: The surface of the shells of some species is smooth,
• 1:56:21
  Speaker 10: others granulose, and not a few spirally lined and longitudinally ribbed,
• 1:56:27
  Speaker 10: while a columella is marked by several heavy plates or folds.
• 1:56:31
  Speaker 10: There are about two hundred species of this genus, living
• 1:56:35
  Speaker 10: in all parts of the world, but being more numerous
• 1:56:38
  Speaker 10: in topical regions. The Philippine Islands seem to be the
• 1:56:42
  Speaker 10: metropolis of this mollusk, as of others, and their shores
• 1:56:47
  Speaker 10: fairly teemed with the graceful creatures. Some of them live
• 1:56:51
  Speaker 10: among the coral reefs, concealing themselves in holes or among
• 1:56:55
  Speaker 10: the seaweeds or under stones. Others live on in the
• 1:56:59
  Speaker 10: sandy or bloody beaches, in which they bury themselves when
• 1:57:02
  Speaker 10: the tide recedes. The earlier naturalists were fond of applying
• 1:57:11
  Speaker 10: significant names to the shells which they described, and the
• 1:57:15
  Speaker 10: mitress have received their share. Thus we have the episcopal miter,
• 1:57:21
  Speaker 10: having a white shell with a brilliant red spots and flame,
• 1:57:24
  Speaker 10: the papal miter with a brown spotted white shell, the
• 1:57:28
  Speaker 10: pontifical miter with a red spotted shell and a coronated spire,
• 1:57:32
  Speaker 10: and lastly the cardinal's miter. These four species might be
• 1:57:37
  Speaker 10: called the ecclesiastical quartet. The harp shells, though few in species,
• 1:57:44
  Speaker 10: are among the most showy of the marine snails. The
• 1:57:49
  Speaker 10: shells are large and marked by many elevated ribs extending longitudinally,
• 1:57:55
  Speaker 10: giving the effect of the strings on a harp, hence
• 1:57:59
  Speaker 10: the name of the genus. The colors are different shades
• 1:58:02
  Speaker 10: of brown, which form neat festoons of dark brown lines
• 1:58:06
  Speaker 10: between the ribs. The inner lip of the shell is
• 1:58:10
  Speaker 10: marked by a dark brown spot, and another spot is
• 1:58:13
  Speaker 10: frequently developed near the upper part of the whorl. In
• 1:58:17
  Speaker 10: one species, Harpirosea, the shell is marked by several rosy
• 1:58:22
  Speaker 10: spots and tints, and is very beautiful. The animal of
• 1:58:29
  Speaker 10: this genus is no less interesting than the shell, being
• 1:58:34
  Speaker 10: variegated with many beautiful colors. The foot is long, crescent
• 1:58:39
  Speaker 10: shaped in front and becomes narrowed to a point behind
• 1:58:43
  Speaker 10: The animal is said to voluntarily break off a piece
• 1:58:46
  Speaker 10: of its shell when irritated, as it is not able
• 1:58:50
  Speaker 10: to retreat within the shell, being destitute of an operculum.
• 1:58:55
  Speaker 10: It is very active and crawls about with an easy,
• 1:58:58
  Speaker 10: graceful motion. Harpa lives only in the tropics and is
• 1:59:02
  Speaker 10: found in the Indian and Pacific oceans and on the
• 1:59:05
  Speaker 10: West coast of America. The bubble shells include within their
• 1:59:11
  Speaker 10: number many curious and interesting animals. The typical genus Bullah
• 1:59:18
  Speaker 10: number some fifty species of smooth, globular shells, frequently modeled
• 1:59:23
  Speaker 10: like a bird's egg. The aperture is as long as
• 1:59:27
  Speaker 10: the shell, and the outer lip is thin and sharp.
• 1:59:31
  Speaker 10: The animal is large and fleshy, and partly envelops the shell.
• 1:59:36
  Speaker 10: The bubble shells love sandy mud flats, in which they
• 1:59:39
  Speaker 10: bury themselves or find concealment under masses of seaweed. Like
• 1:59:44
  Speaker 10: many land shells, they exude vast quantities of mucous to
• 1:59:48
  Speaker 10: moisten their skin when the tide is out. These animals
• 1:59:52
  Speaker 10: are carnivorous, living on bivalves and snails, which are swallowed
• 1:59:56
  Speaker 10: whole and reduced to fragments by the huge alterurous gizzard.
• 2:00:02
  Speaker 10: Not all the mollusks of this order have true shells.
• 2:00:07
  Speaker 10: The so called sea hares have large, flabby bodies in
• 2:00:12
  Speaker 10: which is lodged a small, oblong, transparent shell. This animal
• 2:00:18
  Speaker 10: lives among the seaweed, feeding upon the weed as well
• 2:00:22
  Speaker 10: as upon mollusks and other animals. It discharges a violet
• 2:00:27
  Speaker 10: liquid when handled, which caused the ancients to believe that
• 2:00:30
  Speaker 10: it was poisonous. The old Greek philosophers wrote a great
• 2:00:34
  Speaker 10: deal on this subject, believing that to even touch the
• 2:00:38
  Speaker 10: animal with a stick would cause death. Though repulsive looking creatures,
• 2:00:43
  Speaker 10: they are perfectly harmless and are even eaten raw by
• 2:00:47
  Speaker 10: the natives of the Friendly and Society Islands. Frank Collins Baker,
• 2:00:57
  Speaker 10: end of section twenty recording by Steven Seidel.
• 2:01:08
  Speaker 7: Section twenty one of Birth and Nature, Volume twelve, number three,
• 2:01:13
  Speaker 7: October nineteen o two, Recorded for LibriVox dot org by phone.
• 2:01:19
  Speaker 7: Join a Sunrise Club. Join a Sunrise club, as is
• 2:01:24
  Speaker 7: proposed in Birth and Nature for January. Of course, I will.
• 2:01:28
  Speaker 7: I have for years belonged to one of two members,
• 2:01:31
  Speaker 7: my daughter and myself. Now we will transfer our membership
• 2:01:35
  Speaker 7: to the new club that is to have members all
• 2:01:37
  Speaker 7: over the country. Some of our winter sunsets here in
• 2:01:40
  Speaker 7: Nebraska are glorious. I am especially fond of looking at them.
• 2:01:45
  Speaker 7: Through the thousand interlaced branches of the leafless trees, one
• 2:01:49
  Speaker 7: can study three forms and sunsets in the same picture.
• 2:01:53
  Speaker 7: I wonder that every person is not a sunset observer.
• 2:01:57
  Speaker 7: But some people are sunset blind, and some rarely look
• 2:02:00
  Speaker 7: at the heavens and starry nights. I sometimes meet people
• 2:02:04
  Speaker 7: who lament the fact that they cannot go to Colorado
• 2:02:06
  Speaker 7: and see the mountains of which they hear such glowing accounts.
• 2:02:11
  Speaker 7: I tell them that I do not pity them at all,
• 2:02:13
  Speaker 7: so long as they do not care to gaze upon
• 2:02:15
  Speaker 7: the most glorious sight which mortal man is permitted to see,
• 2:02:19
  Speaker 7: the starry heavens. They who do not appreciate the stars
• 2:02:23
  Speaker 7: and the sunsets would soon tire of the mountains. Our
• 2:02:27
  Speaker 7: summer sunsets are also glorious, but I miss some of
• 2:02:30
  Speaker 7: them on account of the trees around my house. I
• 2:02:33
  Speaker 7: sometimes get on my wheel and go out of town
• 2:02:36
  Speaker 7: simply to see the sunset. Trees are nice, but they
• 2:02:39
  Speaker 7: often hike from us something nicer when the towns of
• 2:02:43
  Speaker 7: Colorado were new twenty five years ago, we could see
• 2:02:46
  Speaker 7: the mountains from all our west doors and windows. Now
• 2:02:49
  Speaker 7: in those same towns, the people must go out into
• 2:02:51
  Speaker 7: the street or even out of town if they would
• 2:02:54
  Speaker 7: see the mountains in summer. But say let us have
• 2:02:58
  Speaker 7: another club as sunrise club. It may be asking too
• 2:03:02
  Speaker 7: much to make it operative for the whole year, so
• 2:03:04
  Speaker 7: we will call it a sunrise Club. From May and June.
• 2:03:08
  Speaker 7: Those are the birth months of the year, the months
• 2:03:10
  Speaker 7: when some of us are out before sunrise morning after morning,
• 2:03:14
  Speaker 7: to watch the birds and to hear their wonderful concerts.
• 2:03:18
  Speaker 7: Some of the pleasantest memories of my life are of
• 2:03:20
  Speaker 7: early morning trips on my wheel to a certain grove
• 2:03:23
  Speaker 7: in the edge of town. On those trips I have
• 2:03:26
  Speaker 7: seen many a new bird new to me, and many
• 2:03:29
  Speaker 7: a glorious sunrise. Somehow, birds and the rising of the
• 2:03:34
  Speaker 7: sun fit into each other beautifully. There is something inspiring
• 2:03:38
  Speaker 7: and exhilarating about sunrise that is not found in sunsets.
• 2:03:42
  Speaker 7: The air is more free from dust. One's body and mind,
• 2:03:46
  Speaker 7: yes and soul, too, are in better moods to enjoy
• 2:03:50
  Speaker 7: the sight. One is more pleased to welcome the sun
• 2:03:53
  Speaker 7: than to bid him good night. The birds seem to
• 2:03:56
  Speaker 7: think so, and they give joyous welcome to the orb
• 2:03:58
  Speaker 7: of day. Nature is awakening, a great thing is happening,
• 2:04:03
  Speaker 7: A new day, fresh from the hands of its maker,
• 2:04:06
  Speaker 7: is being born. All hail thou new creation. Welcome thou
• 2:04:11
  Speaker 7: glorious orb of day. Let me join with the birds
• 2:04:15
  Speaker 7: in singing thy praise. Thou dost flood my soul with joy,
• 2:04:19
  Speaker 7: even as thou dost flood the earth with light. Yes,
• 2:04:23
  Speaker 7: let us have a sunrise club from May and June,
• 2:04:25
  Speaker 7: except perhaps the cloudy and stormy mornings, when even the
• 2:04:28
  Speaker 7: birds seem to lie abed. Who will join? Roselle Theodore
• 2:04:34
  Speaker 7: Cross end of section twenty one. This recording is in
• 2:04:39
  Speaker 7: the public domain Section twenty two of Birds and Nature,
• 2:04:49
  Speaker 7: Volume twelve, number three, October nineteen oh two, recorded for
• 2:04:54
  Speaker 7: LibriVox dot org by phone. The tomato Lecopersicum esc lentum.
• 2:05:01
  Speaker 7: The tomato is a herbaceous plant belonging to the knitiate
• 2:05:05
  Speaker 7: family Solinasia, the same family to which the potato and
• 2:05:09
  Speaker 7: tobacco belong. It has numerous rather large, showy cut leaves,
• 2:05:14
  Speaker 7: which are more or less wooly due to numerous hair
• 2:05:17
  Speaker 7: cells or trichobes. It has numerous not attractive or pleasant
• 2:05:22
  Speaker 7: smelling flowers, with numerous yellow or red berries, which vary
• 2:05:26
  Speaker 7: in size and form. It is a native of South America,
• 2:05:30
  Speaker 7: but is very extensively cultivated in nearly all countries, excepting
• 2:05:34
  Speaker 7: the cold northern regions. In fifteen ninety six it was
• 2:05:38
  Speaker 7: introduced into England as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Previous
• 2:05:43
  Speaker 7: to about eighteen forty it was little used in the
• 2:05:46
  Speaker 7: United States, but now it is very extensively grown in greenhouses, gardens,
• 2:05:51
  Speaker 7: and as a farm crop. For an early crop, the
• 2:05:53
  Speaker 7: seed is planted in a hot bed so that the
• 2:05:56
  Speaker 7: plants may be of suitable size for transplanting as soon
• 2:05:59
  Speaker 7: as a danger or frost is past. The plants are
• 2:06:02
  Speaker 7: placed three or four feet apart in fairly rich soil,
• 2:06:06
  Speaker 7: and the soil frequently tilled and kept free from weeds.
• 2:06:10
  Speaker 7: The plants grow about three or four feet high, become
• 2:06:13
  Speaker 7: quite spreading in frank so that it is desirable to
• 2:06:16
  Speaker 7: tidy top portions. The steaks driven into the ground to
• 2:06:20
  Speaker 7: keep the plants up bright. This procedure is also of
• 2:06:23
  Speaker 7: advantage in ripening the fruit. Botanically, the fruit is a
• 2:06:28
  Speaker 7: berry and before ripening, is of a bright green color,
• 2:06:31
  Speaker 7: changing to red in the red variety and yellow in
• 2:06:34
  Speaker 7: the yellow variety. The same plant bears flowers in ripe fruits,
• 2:06:39
  Speaker 7: so that fruits may be gathered for a considerable period.
• 2:06:43
  Speaker 7: Tomatoes have a peculiar flavor and somewhat acid taste when ripe.
• 2:06:47
  Speaker 7: The pulp contains many seeds. As with other garden plants,
• 2:06:51
  Speaker 7: there are numerous culture varieties. Some are no larger than cherries.
• 2:06:56
  Speaker 7: Some are pear shaped, others large and flattened atty AA.
• 2:07:01
  Speaker 7: Some are nearly spherical, others quite irregular. The ripe fruits
• 2:07:05
  Speaker 7: must be gathered promptly, as they decay very readily and quickly.
• 2:07:10
  Speaker 7: At the present time, the tomato is very little used medicinally,
• 2:07:14
  Speaker 7: but is very extensively used as an article of diet
• 2:07:17
  Speaker 7: picked grain. They are pickled either alone or mixed with
• 2:07:21
  Speaker 7: other vegetables. The ripened fruit is prepared in a multitude
• 2:07:24
  Speaker 7: of ways, peeled and sliced raw, adding salt, pepper, vinegar,
• 2:07:29
  Speaker 7: and sugar, boiled in soups, mixed with sauces, baked or fried,
• 2:07:34
  Speaker 7: entire fried or baked, mashed, mixed with stale bread and
• 2:07:38
  Speaker 7: seasoned et cetera. There is a popular superstition that eating
• 2:07:42
  Speaker 7: tomatoes to excess causes cancer. Tomato preserves are highly reddish
• 2:07:47
  Speaker 7: by some, likewise tomato pies. The general opinion prevails among
• 2:07:53
  Speaker 7: scientists as well as layman, that the tomato is nourishing
• 2:07:56
  Speaker 7: and wholesome. It is certainly harmless when ritt but the
• 2:08:00
  Speaker 7: green pickled preparations are not nourishing nor particularly wholesome. The
• 2:08:05
  Speaker 7: notion that pickles a digestion is a mistaken one. The
• 2:08:09
  Speaker 7: spices added may stimulate, but the green fruit particles are
• 2:08:13
  Speaker 7: not digestible. The word tomato is of American Indian origin.
• 2:08:19
  Speaker 7: The popular name love apples German libis apfal is a
• 2:08:24
  Speaker 7: translation of the French boumda mourg, which is a corruption
• 2:08:28
  Speaker 7: of pomo de mori, a name derived from Morocco. The
• 2:08:32
  Speaker 7: Germans also designate the apples of paradise Paradisa lpfell. The
• 2:08:38
  Speaker 7: entire plant, including flowers and grain fruit, have a somewhat heavy,
• 2:08:43
  Speaker 7: disagreeable odor, a characteristic common to many members of the
• 2:08:47
  Speaker 7: nightgiate family. Albert Schneider, end of section twenty two. This
• 2:08:54
  Speaker 7: recording is in the public domain Section twenty three of
• 2:09:03
  Speaker 7: Birds and Nature Volume twelve, number three, October nineteen o two,
• 2:09:08
  Speaker 7: recorded for Libervox dot Org by phone de Brook. I
• 2:09:13
  Speaker 7: come from haunts of Coot and Hern. I make a
• 2:09:16
  Speaker 7: sudden sally and sparkle out among the fern to bicker
• 2:09:20
  Speaker 7: down a valley by thirty hills. I hurry down or
• 2:09:24
  Speaker 7: slip between the ridges, by twenty thorps, a little town
• 2:09:28
  Speaker 7: and half a hundred bridges. I chatter over stony ways
• 2:09:33
  Speaker 7: and little sharps and trebles. I bubble into eddying bays.
• 2:09:37
  Speaker 7: I babble on the pebbles. I wind about and in
• 2:09:41
  Speaker 7: and out with here a blossom sailing, and here and
• 2:09:44
  Speaker 7: there a lusty trout, and here and there a grayling.
• 2:09:49
  Speaker 7: I steal by lawns and grassy plots. I slide by
• 2:09:52
  Speaker 7: hazel covers. I move the suite forget me nots that
• 2:09:56
  Speaker 7: grow for happy lovers. I slip, I slip, I gloom.
• 2:10:01
  Speaker 7: I glance among my skimming swallows. I make the netted sunbeam,
• 2:10:05
  Speaker 7: dance against my sandy shallows, and out again, I curve
• 2:10:10
  Speaker 7: and flow to join the brimming river. For men may come,
• 2:10:13
  Speaker 7: and men may go, but I go on forever. Alfred
• 2:10:18
  Speaker 7: Tennyson end of section twenty three. This recording is in
• 2:10:25
  Speaker 7: the public domain. End of Birds and Nature, Volume twelve,
• 2:10:29
  Speaker 7: number three, October nineteen o two.