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Songhai Empire's Secret Diplomacy: The Moroccan Ambassador

In 1496, a Moroccan ambassador named al-Hajj Muhammad al-Filali arrived in Gao with a message from the Saadian sultan. This episode unpacks that mission: what the Moroccans wanted, how Askia Muhammad received them, and what it reveals about Songhai's sophisticated foreign policy. We explore the centuries-long relationship between the Sahel and North Africa, the role of the trans-Saharan trade in diplomacy, and how a single embassy foreshadowed the tensions that would later explode at Tondibi. Featuring the Tarikh al-Sudan, the Saadian diplomat al-Ifrani, and the intricate court protocols…

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