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Understanding and Preventing HPV · Talking FACS

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  Welcome to Talking Facts and thank you for tuning in to Cancer Conversations On Talking Facts,
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  a podcast collaboration between the University of Kentucky,
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  Mary Cancer Center and the UK College of Agriculture,
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  Food and Environments Cooperative Extension Service.
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  We will share with you the latest developments in cancer prevention diagnosis,
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  treatment and research from the experts at Mary Cancer Center.
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  Kentucky's only National Cancer Institute designated Cancer Center.
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  Talking Facts is hosted by the UK Family and Consumer Sciences Extension Program.
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  Our educators share research knowledge with individuals,
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  families and communities to improve quality of life.
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  Hello and welcome to Cancer Conversations On Talking Facts.
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  This is your host,
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  Doctor Jennifer Hunter,
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  Assistant Director for Family Consumer Sciences Extension with the University of Kentucky.
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  Today,
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  I'm pleased to be joined by Dr Pamela Hall,
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  the Associate Director of Population Science and Community Impact in the University of Kentucky Marquee Cancer Center and an Associate Professor of Behavioral Science in the UK College of Medicine.
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  Welcome Doctor Hall.
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  Good morning.
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  Thank you very much for having me.
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  So today's topic is one that I think is going to be of interest to a lot of our listeners and especially our listeners that have kiddos and that 20 age group.
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  But we're,
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  I'm going to talk about HPV and the HPV vaccine.
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  And I just wanted to get started today.
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  If you wanted to,
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  um,
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  tell us a little bit maybe about your interest in this area and background.
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  Yeah.
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  Yeah.
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  Sure.
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  So,
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  like I'm a sociologist,
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  I'm not a physician.
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  So I,
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  some people ask me,
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  you know,
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  for physician,
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  medical advice,
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  I don't do that.
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  But I'm a sociologist,
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  which means I,
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  I study people and societies and how we can help people make their lives better and make the world better.
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  So,
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  you know,
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  HPV vaccine is kind of close to my heart because for one thing,
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  I have two daughters,
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  but also I lost my father to cancer.
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  And,
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  and when he was going through his cancer journey,
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  he was so excited that I was working in the field of cancer.
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  And he,
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  and he said,
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  I wish there had been a vaccine to prevent my cancer.
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  Wouldn't that have been amazing?
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  And,
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  and,
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  and that just really stuck with me.
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  And,
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  and so it was kind of he,
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  you know,
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  he wanted me to continue letting people know about the power of HPV vaccine to prevent cancer kind of in his memory.
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  So it's a personal cause for me,
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  well,
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  and I'm certain that many of our listeners can relate because I know many have been touched in,
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  in some way um by cancer in their family and I,
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  I mean,
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  I completely agree with his statement as well.
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  Of,
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  wouldn't it be a wonderful world if there was a vaccine that could prevent cancer?
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  Today,
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  we're gonna specifically talk about HPV vaccine.
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  Can you tell us a little bit first about what is HPV?
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  How common is it?
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  That type information?
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  Yeah.
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  So HPV stands for human papilloma virus.
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  So it is a virus,
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  you know,
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  we've been hearing about viruses a lot with COVID but you know,
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  there are actually several infections that cause cancer.
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  HPV is one of them,
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  it causes six types of cancer.
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  Some people just hear about cervical cancer,
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  but there's actually six different types of cancer and um hepatitis B and C cause liver cancer.
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  There's another uh bacteria called H pylori that causes stomach cancer.
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  So there's several kind of infections that can cause cancer and who,
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  who would have thought that,
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  you know,
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  we always just think about smoking or chemicals.
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  And so it's actually um so if,
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  if something,
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  if an infection causes cancer,
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  we can prevent that by preventing the infection from happening.
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  Exactly how common is an HPV infection.
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  It's actually super common.
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  Four out of five people will get infected with HPV at some time in their life.
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  So almost everybody.
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  Ok.
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  And just because a person is infected with HPV,
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  that does not necessarily mean that they will develop cancer from the infection.
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  Correct.
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  Correct.
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  So,
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  you know,
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  with our body's uh natural defenses.
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  It can usually fight off most viruses that we'll come in contact with.
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  And so the majority of people,
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  when they get H P to HPV infection,
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  their body will eventually fight it off.
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  But there's a subgroup of people who their body can't fight it off.
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  And we don't,
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  we have no way of predicting who it's gonna be,
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  who,
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  who can and cannot fight it off on their own.
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  So what happens?
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  You know,
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  uh some people will not be able to fight it off and it will stay around called a persistent infection.
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  And so that long term infection over time starts to cause changes in the cells.
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  It starts to,
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  to change the,
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  even in the cervix in the throat,
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  the different places where the infection happens.
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  So that and that causes cancer.
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  Could you tell us a little bit about how common cancer associated with HPV is in the United States?
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  Yeah.
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  Yeah.
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  So of over 36,000 new can new H P related cancers are diagnosed every year and that's men and women,
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  not cervical cancers,
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  also throat cancer and also anal cancer,
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  penile cancer,
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  vulva,
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  and vaginal cancer.
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  So the it's men and women and the biggest,
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  the most common ones that are actually the oral cancer and its fastest growing in men and growing actually very quickly.
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  And then cervical cancer in women will be the second common,
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  but it affects,
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  that's enough people to fill up a major league baseball stadium every year,
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  which is a,
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  which is a staggering statistic.
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  I um you know,
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  I can envision it a little bit more when you,
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  when you say that about can fill up a major league baseball stadium if you're thinking about a,
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  a full stadium,
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  are there certain individuals that may be at higher risk?
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  No,
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  it's everybody.
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  And so that's why the vaccine is recommended universally for everyone with just a few,
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  you know,
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  minor exceptions of people have some kind of medical condition that would would,
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  you know,
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  they shouldn't get a,
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  a specific vaccine,
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  but generally it's recommended for everybody and it can prevent the majority of H P related cancers,
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  but only if you get it before you get the infection.
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  So that's why it's recommended at ages 11 and 12.
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  Because that for one thing,
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  when the body has the best immune response,
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  that's when it builds up the most protection in response to the vaccine.
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  And also you have to get it before you're infected,
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  right?
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  So it's not like a medicine that treats the disease once you get it or,
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  you know,
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  it's not like antibiotics.
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  When you get an infection,
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  you take antibiotics and makes it an,
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  it makes it go away.
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  This is different,
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  a vaccine.
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  It will prevent you from getting in the first place if you're exposed.
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  So it's like,
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  you know,
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  when you're gonna ride in a car,
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  you don't put your seatbelt on after you've gotten in a car accident,
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  you put it on before you drive,
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  you're gonna ride a bicycle,
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  you put your helmet on before you start to ride the bike,
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  not after you fall off.
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  So it's the same with a vaccine.
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  That's gotta happen.
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  Well,
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  before you're exposed to the virus,
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  that's why,
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  that's why I recommended late age 11 and 12.
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  Now people can catch up if they're late.
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  They didn't catch it,
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  get it when they're supposed to.
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  You can also catch up through age 26 some people can even get it up through age 45.
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  But it's really recommended as early as possible.
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  So,
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  you're well protected.
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  So,
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  and I think that you,
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  that you made a point there that I'd like to circle back to that at ages 11 12 is when the immune response might be as great because I think parents might,
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  you know,
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  think,
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  oh,
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  that's still so young or whether true or not think,
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  well,
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  my child's most likely not engaged in behaviors to become infected that young,
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  et cetera.
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  But this piece about this is when they're most likely going to have the best immune response to it.
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  So it's gonna give them the best immunity in the future I think is important to note as well.
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  Yeah.
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  And because of that,
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  because the body has a bigger immune response at that,
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  uh,
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  under age 15,
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  you can,
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  you only need two doses if you get it on time.
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  If you start before age 15,
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  ideally around 11 or 12,
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  uh then you only need to get two doses.
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  If you start the vaccine after age 15,
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  you have to have three doses because your body needs more boost to get that same response.
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  It's actually,
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  it's actually available starting at age nine and,
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  and a lot of doctors are starting to,
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  you know,
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  let parents know that then,
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  you know,
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  you can even start it.
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  Now if you want to,
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  if you want to spread out,
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  if you don't want them to get three shots when they're 11 because there's HPV manager Cole and T that's due around around 11 and 12.
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  So if they don't want to get three in one visit,
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  they can spread out,
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  they can start earlier,
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  they can start HPV at nine.
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  We actually just had that middle school physical um with,
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  with my little girl and she's like,
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  oh,
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  my arms are sore.
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  Um But,
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  but she did great.
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  She did great with,
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  with all.
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  Can you tell us a little bit about HPV vaccination rates in Kentucky?
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  Yeah.
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  So currently just over half of adolescent girls,
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  some boys are vaccinated but 56%.
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  And you know,
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  that's,
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  that's higher than it was before.
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  It's been improving gradually over time making some good progress.
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  But the goal is 80%.
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  So we've really got work to do still.
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  And we do see a pattern that vaccination rates are lower in rural areas versus urban areas.
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  It's about 50% in rural areas and 63% in urban areas.
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  Kentucky.
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  So,
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  we also need to catch that up.
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  And that's concerning because the rate of H B related cancer is actually higher in rural areas.
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  So people living in rural areas are actually more impacted by the cancers that H B B causes.
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  But their vaccination rates are a little lower.
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  So we actually need to kind of catch that up to reverse that trend.
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  What can be done to help increase vaccination rates?
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  Yeah,
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  there's a lot of things I think number one is for parents to be informed and be proactive and um ask for it.
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  So,
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  you know,
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  we,
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  I,
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  I do research in this area.
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  One of the things that I do is talk to parents and find out what,
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  what do they want and what are they,
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  what are their questions and what do they want to know from the doctor?
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  And so something we've,
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  we've heard from all parents is there's a universal desire for among parents to protect their Children from harm.
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  That's anybody.
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  Right.
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  Yes.
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  Yeah.
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  So,
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  so what we try to emphasize is that HPV vaccine is one way that you can protect your Children from harm.
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  You can protect them from serious diseases,
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  these diseases that kill people every day and cervical cancer happens in young women,
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  like in their twenties and thirties.
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  So,
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  or it can take away their ability to have Children,
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  even,
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  even if they survive.
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  So,
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  it's,
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  it's really uh,
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  really important to protect them and,
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  you know,
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  some,
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  some people might think,
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  well,
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  do I need to worry about the safety of the vaccine?
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  Is that safe?
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  And it's actually very,
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  very safe.
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  It's just as safe as all the other vaccines that you've given your kids since they were little,
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  the same exact Probi knows always any medicine you take.
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  There's a very small chance of some action,
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  but it's not any different than the other vaccine.
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  And,
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  and if you think about,
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  if you outweigh if you weigh the risk,
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  the risk of getting cancer at 36,000 people getting cancer,
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  that could be prevented by this vaccine versus a handful of people having an allergic reaction every year.
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  It's a very big difference.
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  No,
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  no deaths or serious injuries have been associated with HPV vaccine.
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  So as we begin to wrap up today,
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  let me ask you about the potential impact.
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  If we could increase um HPV,
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  vaccination rates and cervical cancer screenings,
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  what,
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  how potentially could that change the outlook?
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  Yeah,
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  it's,
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  it's really powerful but you know,
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  by number one being able to prevent the infection happening,
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  starting with the younger ages.
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  And as,
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  as uh people get older and then the uh people,
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  women who are older right now,
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  we have cervical cancer screening PAP test that can actually remove cells as they become,
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  start to become abnormal,
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  that can prevent cancer as well as a sort of second line of defense.
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  But when we put,
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  especially the older women who are too old to get vaccinated.
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  But we put those two together vaccination from any infection plus P P screening.
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  If we make sure we get up to good rates in both of those,
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  we can actually eliminate cervical cancer from the planet.
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  I mean,
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  that is incredible.
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  That is incredible.
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  And I think a great note to end on Doctor Hall.
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  Thank you so much for joining us today.
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  Thank you so much.
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  And I just wanna say that parents want more information,
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  they can go to get three shots dot org.
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  That's the number three,
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  get three shots dot org.
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  Excellent.
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  And for our listeners,
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  we will add that to the show notes in case you just want to go in and click the link.
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  Thanks so much.
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  Thank you.
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