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Fruit in Small Spaces · In the Garden with UC Master Gardeners

• 0:00
  SPEAKER_00: Welcome to In the Garden with University of California Master Gardeners.
• 0:05
  SPEAKER_00: I'm Mark Ortell, and I'll be your host today.
• 0:09
  SPEAKER_00: And I'm happy to welcome to Orange County and the Orange County University of California Master Gardeners program, John McNeil.
• 0:18
  SPEAKER_00: John, I'm going to have him tell us a little bit about his journey here to Southern California.
• 0:25
  SPEAKER_00: He's a representative of the an organization here in Southern California in Orange County called California Rare Fruit Growers.
• 0:34
  SPEAKER_00: John, tell us a little bit about how you ended up here in California.
• 0:40
  SPEAKER_01: G'day, folks, and g'day Mark.
• 0:43
  SPEAKER_01: It is quite a journey.
• 0:45
  SPEAKER_01: Back in Australia, I worked for a company called Union Carbide.
• 0:49
  SPEAKER_01: In that occupation, I was a polymer chemist that traveled, had responsibilities for 14 countries in Asia Pacific and traveled extensively for the company in a whole bunch of applications.
• 1:07
  SPEAKER_01: But long story short, unicarbide had some issues, we're all aware of.
• 1:12
  SPEAKER_01: And I ended up working in Singapore and then taking a trip across to the US.
• 1:19
  SPEAKER_01: I had a very good girlfriend that I had moved across to the United States, and she was in uh college at uh Charleston University in West Virginia, which happened to be the home of Union Carbide Polymer Division for uh polyol production for polyurethanes.
• 1:41
  SPEAKER_01: It was a long, hard uh battle.
• 1:44
  SPEAKER_01: Uh I started traveling in 1985, and I ended up when she finished uh graduating in 1993, moving across to Charleston, West Virginia, and then we had a job opportunity in uh Southern California, and then ended up coming to California and setting up home there.
• 2:05
  SPEAKER_01: So basically that's the the short of getting into uh California, but unfortunately, uh in those days I didn't know about gardening what I know today.
• 2:16
  SPEAKER_00: Understood.
• 2:18
  SPEAKER_00: Uh I think it might be worthwhile to explain how John and I got connected for today's radio show.
• 2:26
  SPEAKER_00: I have a friend that's like John is an engineer.
• 2:30
  SPEAKER_00: He's from Ohio, but now lives in Southern California.
• 2:34
  SPEAKER_00: And I was talking with my friend Steve, and he offered to bring over to my house some banana trees, some pups, he called them.
• 2:43
  SPEAKER_00: Also, some dragon fruit cuttings.
• 2:46
  SPEAKER_00: Also, he brought over some dragon fruit, which was absolutely delicious.
• 2:51
  SPEAKER_00: And then he showed me his collection of rare fruits.
• 2:54
  SPEAKER_00: And I asked him, I said, Steve, you're from Ohio.
• 2:58
  SPEAKER_00: Why are you growing all of these unusual fruits that we don't see every day?
• 3:04
  SPEAKER_00: And his comment was, Well, you know, I did.
• 3:06
  SPEAKER_00: I I grew up in Ohio and we had peaches and apples.
• 3:11
  SPEAKER_00: That was about it.
• 3:12
  SPEAKER_00: And so when I got out here into Southern California, I realized I could grow just about anything.
• 3:19
  SPEAKER_00: And the result was that he introduced me to some of the rare fruits that he grows, and we'll discuss some of those here today.
• 3:27
  SPEAKER_00: And I thought that would be a great topic for Southern California backyard gardeners to look into some of the more unusual fruits that they can grow since we're not having to produce them commercially.
• 3:40
  SPEAKER_00: We have lots of options available to us.
• 3:44
  SPEAKER_00: Now, John was introduced to me as the guru from the California rare fruit growers that knew everything about rare fruit growing.
• 3:56
  SPEAKER_00: And he was the one that uh to talk to that was often a sought-after resource on panels and the like to discuss rare fruit growing here in Southern California.
• 4:08
  SPEAKER_00: And then I found out that he he had this weird way of saying things.
• 4:13
  SPEAKER_00: And so I thought, well, gosh, I don't know if we can put an Australian on the radio show, but it it it's worked.
• 4:20
  SPEAKER_00: I think it'll work out just fine.
• 4:22
  SPEAKER_00: It adds a little bit of culture to us, uh Southern Californians.
• 4:27
  SPEAKER_01: Well, you might have to use some subtitles.
• 4:30
  SPEAKER_00: If that happens, it'll probably gonna be for me, not for you, John.
• 4:36
  SPEAKER_00: In any event, John, how did you get connected with the California rare fruit growers?
• 4:42
  SPEAKER_00: Now we found out how you made the long journey through Asia to find your way here to Southern California.
• 4:50
  SPEAKER_00: How did you get connected with the rare fruit growers?
• 4:52
  SPEAKER_00: And what can you tell me about what who they are and what they do?
• 4:56
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, again, it's a bit of a bit of a story.
• 4:59
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, when we moved into this house in Southern California, uh my wife was over here on a student's uh visa.
• 5:07
  SPEAKER_01: And you know, she at the time had we had two kids, and uh Clinton uh in his wisdom said, Oh, you illegal aliens uh have to go back to where you came from.
• 5:19
  SPEAKER_01: So her visa had expired.
• 5:21
  SPEAKER_01: So we I had a job in Indonesia, so I went down to Indonesia and uh had a look at the place because I travelled in and out of there for quite a long time.
• 5:31
  SPEAKER_01: It was the Wild West uh when I was there in the mid-80s.
• 5:35
  SPEAKER_01: In uh '97 when we went back, it was uh different story, but we were only there for 11 months, and Suhada got kicked out and we had to evacuate, so we came back to California.
• 5:47
  SPEAKER_01: So our life story is that we've traveled backwards and forwards.
• 5:52
  SPEAKER_01: We've lived in Indonesia, we lived in Shanghai, we lived in Michigan, we lived in Taiwan, you know, so we've lived around the place, and each time we've come back, we've changed the garden.
• 6:05
  SPEAKER_01: Uh, we had a tropical theme at one time with uh palms and uh palm trees, and of course, you realize that you know you you put all of this investment into uh the garden, but you're not getting a return.
• 6:19
  SPEAKER_01: So the last iteration was that we ripped all of the pine tre palm trees out and all of the non-productive vegetation out and planted fruit trees.
• 6:29
  SPEAKER_01: Then we got involved with you know the Orange County chapter of the California Rare Fruit Growers when they were still uh holding meetings in the not the Millennium Barn, but um Centennial Barn.
• 6:44
  SPEAKER_01: Uh the Millennial Barn there at uh the Orange County Fairground.
• 6:49
  SPEAKER_01: So I met up with uh Kevin Hayakawa, as you you said, Mark, and uh you know we got talking and stuff like that, and he introduced me to a few people, and uh then I was hooked.
• 7:01
  SPEAKER_01: You know, a lot of people know a hell of a lot more about uh gardening than I did at the time.
• 7:07
  SPEAKER_01: You know, they were all very, very willing to impart their knowledge um, you know, to all of the questions that I had about everything that you could imagine.
• 7:17
  SPEAKER_01: So it became a you know a partnership after a couple of years.
• 7:22
  SPEAKER_01: I I guess this was about uh 2015, somewhere around that that time, I was approached by Sally Holly, who had been up through the ranks and was uh a senior member of the chapter, and she said, Well, I think you'd make a good candidate for our uh chairman.
• 7:41
  SPEAKER_01: And I said, I had no experience whatsoever with that sort of um commitment or uh expectation, and she says, Oh, you'll be alright, we'll help you out.
• 7:51
  SPEAKER_01: So next minute, COVID came along, and I happened to be chairman during the COVID period.
• 7:57
  SPEAKER_01: Well, I was thankful that uh Kevin Hayakawa, who is a teacher, had you know a lot of experience with Zoom presentations.
• 8:07
  SPEAKER_01: So we set up, we went about getting all the sound equipment, cameras, and goodness knows what else we needed to record our meetings, and we then started to get visitors um attending our meetings via Zoom, and we had people from Australia, we had people from Singapore, all over the country uh zooming in.
• 8:28
  SPEAKER_01: So during the COVID, we kept our membership alive and active through Zoom conferencing.
• 8:36
  SPEAKER_01: So, you know, that's that's about it.
• 8:38
  SPEAKER_01: Now we're only chairmen for two year stint, so my two years was up, and then COVID was over.
• 8:45
  SPEAKER_01: So, you know, the next person that moved in actually carried on uh all the Zoom conferencing, and we recorded all of our meetings, and we record all our meetings, and they're on Zoom, so people can access them via our website, uh OCfruit.com.
• 9:02
  SPEAKER_01: That will get you to the web page, and then you can just look up meetings and uh click onto the Zoom conference or the recorded message and and have a look at the the particular presentation that you might be interested in.
• 9:16
  SPEAKER_01: But yeah, it was quite a journey.
• 9:18
  SPEAKER_00: It certainly sounds like it.
• 9:20
  SPEAKER_00: One of the things I was told was that you were not just a a representative and a knowledgeable person, but that you also were an active grower, that you had lots of trees that you grew in your in your uh small space area.
• 9:37
  SPEAKER_00: That's one of the things we want to talk about.
• 9:40
  SPEAKER_00: Is a lot of people are saying, well, wait, you know, I I've got a very, very small backyard.
• 9:46
  SPEAKER_00: I just have a patio and it and maybe a hillside next to it.
• 9:51
  SPEAKER_00: But that seem doesn't seem to have stopped you at all, John.
• 9:55
  SPEAKER_00: You sent me some beautiful pictures of your patio area with a lot of different pots on there.
• 10:02
  SPEAKER_00: Tell me a little bit about what do you have growing in your patio in pots.
• 10:09
  SPEAKER_01: Okay.
• 10:10
  SPEAKER_01: Um, you know, I I'm one of these firm believers, and I tell people at the OC Fair every time they come along, I especially the young kids, I said, you know, you don't have to have a lot of space.
• 10:22
  SPEAKER_01: As long as you've got uh an area like a balcony or a patio where you can put a decent sized pot, and I suggest to them that they could use the Costco uh half wine barrels, the plastic high half wine barrels, and start off with something simple like um growing through three blueberry trees or bushes in one of those pots.
• 10:46
  SPEAKER_01: Now, the good thing about that is that you're gonna get cross-pollination and you'll get an abundance of blueberries in the season, and it's easy to manage.
• 10:55
  SPEAKER_01: But you know, for my.
• 10:57
  SPEAKER_00: Let's stop you right there, John.
• 10:59
  SPEAKER_00: Let's take a step back because you're talking about a few things that listeners to our show not may not be aware of.
• 11:07
  SPEAKER_00: First, you talked about putting three different varieties into a pot.
• 11:12
  SPEAKER_00: Now, how how big of a pot is this, would you say?
• 11:16
  SPEAKER_01: Uh, I'd say it's probably at least 25 to 30 gallons.
• 11:21
  SPEAKER_01: Uh, you know, it's a half wine cask, if you can imagine that size.
• 11:26
  SPEAKER_01: But I prefer the plastic ones because the plastic ones, you know, they last if they're not damaged or anything like that, they last forever.
• 11:35
  SPEAKER_01: And um, yeah, I and for blueberries, they're much, much easier to manage in a pot than they are in the ground.
• 11:45
  SPEAKER_01: Because blueberries in particular require a very acidic soil.
• 11:50
  SPEAKER_01: You know, you're not looking at your pH 7, you're looking at something lower than that, maybe pH five and a half to six.
• 11:59
  SPEAKER_01: So it's on the acidic side.
• 12:01
  SPEAKER_01: And in order to do that, you can buy Gary's expensive uh um acid mix uh material.
• 12:09
  SPEAKER_00: That's the way we can't mention any names.
• 12:11
  SPEAKER_00: We're gonna we'll take that out.
• 12:13
  SPEAKER_00: We'll have to edit things out.
• 12:14
  SPEAKER_00: Please don't mention any names of companies or stores or people.
• 12:18
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, all right then.
• 12:19
  SPEAKER_01: My apologies.
• 12:20
  SPEAKER_01: Uh okay, so you use an an acid mix, and typically the acid mix is uh a higher percentage of peat moss, um, say 40% peat moss, 30% sand, and um, you know, then you got rock dust and uh you know some osmocote and uh worm castings and whatever else you want to put into it, but basically the peat moss uh keeps the moisture intact and the um coarse sand um allows for good drainage.
• 12:56
  SPEAKER_01: You can also put perlite in there to add uh you know air to the mixture as well.
• 13:03
  SPEAKER_01: So that's basically what you do.
• 13:06
  SPEAKER_00: Um but the the is there a way to is there a way to test the the acidity of the soil?
• 13:13
  SPEAKER_00: How do you know that your soil in your pot's acidic enough?
• 13:17
  SPEAKER_01: Well, you can you can go out to the uh gardening nurseries and uh buy a kit, but um I don't particularly do that.
• 13:27
  SPEAKER_01: I get a watering can and add uh you know a couple of teaspoons of vinegar to it, and then I know that the pH is around about four or or a little bit higher, maybe five, and then I water that in so that I know the pH is acidic.
• 13:44
  SPEAKER_00: That's kind of a a a simple way to do it without testing.
• 13:49
  SPEAKER_00: Although now they're they're I've seen they've come out with uh little inexpensive meters that you can test your soil for acidity.
• 13:58
  SPEAKER_00: And that in fact, that's uh one of the questions that I raised, because I I do blueberries, and so I'm learning I'm interested here.
• 14:09
  SPEAKER_00: Uh now you plant three different varieties in one single pot?
• 14:14
  SPEAKER_01: Yes, I do.
• 14:16
  SPEAKER_01: You spaced them out, you know, like a triangle sh you know, in a triangle shape, and um and then you manage them, you know, you'll always get one variety that wants to outgrow the other two, so you've got to keep it under control by pruning it back and uh and shaping it.
• 14:32
  SPEAKER_01: But the idea is that um the blueberries will flower at the same time and then you'll get the cross-pollination, and that cross-pollination will give you an abundance of crop that you wouldn't normally get if they were further apart or you just had one single bush.
• 14:50
  SPEAKER_00: Excellent.
• 14:51
  SPEAKER_00: Now, what what other varieties now?
• 14:54
  SPEAKER_00: In addition to blueberries, what what other kinds of fruits can somebody put on their back patio?
• 15:03
  SPEAKER_01: Well, let me tell you what we've got at the moment.
• 15:05
  SPEAKER_01: Um I've already mentioned blueberries, I have mangoes in pots, I have um a fig tree um in a pot, I've got and the everything is multi-grafted, and we'll talk about grafting later on, but uh um I try to extend the season as much as possible.
• 15:25
  SPEAKER_01: So I have a carmen avocado that's got four or five different varieties on it in a pot.
• 15:31
  SPEAKER_01: I've got um mangoes that's got three or four different varieties of mango in it that's in a pot.
• 15:38
  SPEAKER_01: Um I've got um the blueberries I mentioned, I've got a leucoma in a pot.
• 15:46
  SPEAKER_01: Um, I've got citrus, lemon tree in a pot.
• 15:50
  SPEAKER_01: Um I've got a nectar plum in a pot, and that's just a pure nectar plum.
• 15:57
  SPEAKER_01: The other one, uh a peach tree in a pot, and it's got um peaches, two different varieties of peaches, it's got apricots, it's got uh nectar plums, it's got nectarines, it's got uh pluots and apriums all on the one tree in a pot.
• 16:15
  SPEAKER_01: Um then we come down further um in the front.
• 16:20
  SPEAKER_01: I've got another lemon tree in a pot.
• 16:23
  SPEAKER_01: Um I've got a young mai in a pot.
• 16:29
  SPEAKER_01: And um that's that's about uh yeah, that's about it.
• 16:34
  SPEAKER_01: I've got a lot of seedlings that are in pots um like uh white support and uh other avocados and things like that.
• 16:42
  SPEAKER_01: But in the back uh on the patio, um there's quite a number of pots.
• 16:48
  SPEAKER_01: And the pots are you know, if you you don't know, I've got white limestone um on my patio, and my wife would go ballistic if I got um uh stains from overwatering the pots uh onto that um patio.
• 17:06
  SPEAKER_01: So all of my big pots are on trays, but the trays are self-draining, and that in itself is um a little bit of engineering.
• 17:16
  SPEAKER_01: Um I have uh irrigation coming in, so there's one line coming in and there's drip feeds coming into each pot, but also there is a second line coming through which is a drainage line.
• 17:29
  SPEAKER_01: So each of those trays that are under the pots have a drain spout on the bottom of them that connects into a drain line that goes into the garden.
• 17:40
  SPEAKER_01: So if I overfill the the pots and the overflow goes into the tray, it then gets dispersed into the garden without staining the uh the patio.
• 17:53
  SPEAKER_00: And that way there's uh marital bliss at home.
• 17:56
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah, you got that right.
• 17:58
  SPEAKER_00: Well, you've mentioned a few interesting things.
• 18:01
  SPEAKER_00: Uh first, I think a lot of our local growers, especially here in Orange County, are interested in in citrus.
• 18:10
  SPEAKER_00: And and uh having done many uh radio shows with restaurant restaurateurs and chefs, a lot of the chefs love to grow citrus.
• 18:22
  SPEAKER_00: And nothing they they said nothing is as wonderful as that home lemon grown at home on the tree, uh the pureness of the oil, the richness of the flavor is just beyond uh compare.
• 18:41
  SPEAKER_00: You just can't replicate it in a commercial grocery store or in the market.
• 18:46
  SPEAKER_00: So how would we grow what can we grow on our patio?
• 18:51
  SPEAKER_00: What kind of citrus can we grow on our patio?
• 18:53
  SPEAKER_00: Because immediately we're thinking of these Southern California orange trees that would basically wipe out the balcony and the neighbors and the on both sides.
• 19:05
  SPEAKER_00: What do you recommend?
• 19:07
  SPEAKER_01: Well, you know, again, if you're growing anything in a pot, the root structure is going to be restricted.
• 19:14
  SPEAKER_01: Therefore, the canopy on growth on the top of the pot is also going to be restricted.
• 19:21
  SPEAKER_01: Now, you've got to play a balancing game.
• 19:24
  SPEAKER_01: Um, first of all, you've got to prune the top of the tree so that you can actually see through it, so you get a lot of ventilation through the tree, and that keeps the bugs and diseases away.
• 19:36
  SPEAKER_01: So you need to go to a class that will teach you how to do the correct pruning on citrus trees.
• 19:44
  SPEAKER_01: They're very specific, they're different to other trees.
• 19:47
  SPEAKER_01: And then, you know, every four years or so, you want to go into your pot and root trim.
• 19:56
  SPEAKER_01: And that's not rocket science.
• 19:58
  SPEAKER_01: All you have to do is get a trowel and uh cut around the outside of the pot and take out about six inches of soil down to the base of the pot.
• 20:11
  SPEAKER_01: And then you get another mixture of um new soil, and uh or you take the old soil and you mix it with the new soil, you put some fertilizer in there, some peat moss, and then you backfill that area again.
• 20:26
  SPEAKER_01: So, what you've done is you've almost bonsai uh the tree so that the roots are cut and it will grow out new roots again.
• 20:36
  SPEAKER_01: So, you know, you do that every four years or thereabouts, but the other thing that you've got to remember is that when you irrigate a pot, you are virtually drenching it and taking all of the nutrients out of the soil.
• 20:52
  SPEAKER_01: So one of the things that you have to do is you have to more than you would in a garden, you have to add in uh additional fertilizers or microbiome that's going to uh actively convert the mulch that you have on top into um uh food that's gonna supply the the nutrients to the root system.
• 21:18
  SPEAKER_00: Now, what what about varieties?
• 21:21
  SPEAKER_00: Uh for citrus in particular.
• 21:25
  SPEAKER_00: You mentioned what kind of citrus do you use?
• 21:28
  SPEAKER_01: Well, I I've got lemons because we use a lot of lemons in cooking.
• 21:32
  SPEAKER_01: Um I've been trying to grow um gold nugget mandarins forever, but um you know for some reason or other, um, and this was before that uh restriction because of the HLB virus, um, you know, I tried to graft and the grafts are just taking forever to grow.
• 21:56
  SPEAKER_01: So, you know, now I believe um The big box stores and others have citrus available inside.
• 22:05
  SPEAKER_01: Apparently, it's got to be 30 feet from a door entrance or something.
• 22:09
  SPEAKER_01: But anyway, you can get citrus again.
• 22:12
  SPEAKER_01: Um, and maybe that's the way to go is to you know, pick something that you like, pick something that you either cook with or you like to eat, um, or is good for kids' snacks.
• 22:26
  SPEAKER_01: Um, you know, the gold nugget mandarin, in my estimation, is one of the easiest to peel, and it's ideal for kids' lunches and stuff like that.
• 22:36
  SPEAKER_01: It's packed with vitamin C and they're very juicy.
• 22:40
  SPEAKER_01: So my go-to would be um, you know, either a Eureka lemon or a um Lisbon lemon, or if you could get it a Sorrento lemon, but I don't think you could get them here uh easily.
• 22:55
  SPEAKER_01: Um, or a Washington um, you know, naval orange, um, as well as a mandarin.
• 23:02
  SPEAKER_01: So, you know, that's they're my preferences for uh citrus.
• 23:09
  SPEAKER_00: Those are all excellent choices.
• 23:11
  SPEAKER_00: I I currently have a a Meyer lemon that I like, which is a little bit less acidic.
• 23:17
  SPEAKER_00: I have, of course, the Lisbon lime or Lisbon lemons that just do wonderfully.
• 23:22
  SPEAKER_00: And uh another is the the Mexican lime or the key lime.
• 23:27
  SPEAKER_00: And those are uh in great demand for all my friends for adult beverages.
• 23:33
  SPEAKER_00: They all want some of those, uh some of my limes.
• 23:37
  SPEAKER_00: Um and and that's another thing is the Persian lime, which is a bigger, larger green lime.
• 23:43
  SPEAKER_00: All of those seem to really do well here in Southern California.
• 23:48
  SPEAKER_00: And there's a lot of opportunities.
• 23:50
  SPEAKER_00: And now that the HLB uh restrictions have been relaxed and and I don't understand them, we have not eliminated the disease, we've not eliminated the problem, but some of the restrictions are are gone so that we can now pitch pick our purchase citrus in the big box stores.
• 24:09
  SPEAKER_00: That was a tongue twister there.
• 24:11
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, yeah.
• 24:12
  SPEAKER_01: Well, one of the other things that's become popular too is the uh Aussie native finger line.
• 24:18
  SPEAKER_01: You know, I don't know whether you've seen those, but they're as big as your thumb, basically, or bigger than longer than your thumb, about the same size.
• 24:26
  SPEAKER_01: And um, when you break them open, um the citrus is encapsulated.
• 24:31
  SPEAKER_01: Uh they're the little beads of uh citrus caviar, is what they want to call it.
• 24:37
  SPEAKER_01: And uh, yeah, if you want to put a treat to your uh uh margarita, then that's an interesting way to do it.
• 24:46
  SPEAKER_00: And that that's uh another issue or another uh topic that we'll have to discuss in greater detail at some point.
• 24:54
  SPEAKER_00: I was in Vancouver in the marketplace there, and they had these finger lines available for testing.
• 25:03
  SPEAKER_00: Right and I and and they build it as citrus caviar or vegan caviar.
• 25:10
  SPEAKER_00: And and then I asked him, well, where did you get these?
• 25:13
  SPEAKER_00: And of course he said, Well, we get them from Southern California.
• 25:17
  SPEAKER_00: And I thought, okay, well, I need to look into this.
• 25:20
  SPEAKER_00: And uh I was fascinated to hear that the University of California Riverside at their citrus uh facility is currently testing and experimenting with eight or nine different varieties of finger lines and looking to for the most commercially viable that will uh consistent with coloring being from the green outside of a lime to almost well to black.
• 25:51
  SPEAKER_00: Um and then and the flavor, flavoring from extremely bitter to very sweet.
• 25:56
  SPEAKER_00: And so they're having a good time with that out, and sometime we'll have to talk about that, but those are readily available that you can obtain a finger lime, and they seem to be to do very well in pots as well on a patio.
• 26:10
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, well, one of the other cave uh things too that they uh discovered out there, one of their uh uh research um associates has taken an enzyme from the uh finger lime and uh been able to inject it into trees, and uh basically it's protected them against the HLB virus because the uh finger lime doesn't get uh attacked by it.
• 26:38
  SPEAKER_00: Very good.
• 26:39
  SPEAKER_00: Uh we're gonna take a minute here.
• 26:41
  SPEAKER_00: You're listening to KUCI FM 88.9 in Irvine, California, and we're in the garden with University of California Master Gardeners.
• 26:53
  SPEAKER_00: I'd also remind you that the opinions expressed here today are not necessarily those of the station, University of California Master Gardeners, the UC Regions or the University.
• 27:07
  SPEAKER_00: Without let's move on to another question.
• 27:12
  SPEAKER_00: In addition to the the ever-popular citrus, avocados seem to pique people's interest, especially now they're being used for everything from avocado toast to uh beverages.
• 27:29
  SPEAKER_00: Now you mentioned that you grow avocados, John.
• 27:32
  SPEAKER_00: Tell me what about your avocados that you're growing.
• 27:35
  SPEAKER_01: Well, you know, like everybody else that's got avocados, if you don't manage them properly, or any s any tree for that uh for that reason, is um you know, you've got to look after them, prune them.
• 27:48
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, well my avocado tree got out of hand.
• 27:52
  SPEAKER_01: I couldn't reach the fruit, I didn't have a picker uh that would go up that high, so I whacked the thing down to about hip height, and um, you know, and I thought I was gonna kill it and yada yada yada, but they everybody told me no, it'll produce uh shoots out the top, and uh then you can start over again.
• 28:12
  SPEAKER_01: Well, that's what happened, you know.
• 28:14
  SPEAKER_01: After I cut it down, I um I saw these uh suckers starting to come up.
• 28:20
  SPEAKER_01: Well, I went around to all of the members in uh that had avocados and very unusual varieties that you won't get in a supermarket or even a farmer's market, but uh I ended up uh getting hold of a whole bunch of different varieties of avocado, and I was successful in grafting um probably closer to 95% on the new growth.
• 28:49
  SPEAKER_01: Now, the thing that you've got to remember when you've got a tree that was probably 15 or 20 feet tall, it's got a pretty good root system uh attached to it.
• 29:00
  SPEAKER_01: And that root system wants to generate new growth.
• 29:05
  SPEAKER_01: So the suckers that came out of the top readily accepted the new grafts that I put on, and uh within six months, some of those scions that had I had grafted were at least an inch in diameter, and uh the growth was absolutely phenomenal.
• 29:26
  SPEAKER_01: And then some of the scion wood that I had must have had um fruiting buds on it because some of those grafts already are producing fruit.
• 29:37
  SPEAKER_01: So, you know, that's the kind of thing that you can do um if you know how to do it, and uh and that's what we do at um you know the chapter.
• 29:47
  SPEAKER_01: We teach people how to do these uh the graft and uh air layer and propagate in general.
• 29:54
  SPEAKER_01: So, but um yeah, I've got um uh uh Jan Boyce, I've got holiday, I've got uh Nimblio, I've got Nabal, I've got Reed, I've got Queen, I've got uh a Japanese one that I can't pronounce, and um you know, all your standard ones.
• 30:16
  SPEAKER_01: It was a forte tree to start off with, and uh you know, it's still there, but um it's got so many different varieties on it that I should get quite an extensive um harvest season out of that avocado.
• 30:32
  SPEAKER_00: But uh now, what is the reason for grafting on the different varieties?
• 30:38
  SPEAKER_01: Just because you're interested, or is or is there yeah, I'm interested and because I can, um, so I do.
• 30:46
  SPEAKER_01: Um but um basically what one tree could be an A-type flower or a B type flower.
• 30:55
  SPEAKER_01: And as a result, yes, they are self-pollinating, and yes, you will get fruit, but if you have an A and a B that flowers at the same time, then they cross-pollinate again like the blueberries, and you get an abundance of fruit, so they say.
• 31:13
  SPEAKER_00: Okay, so I I so so tell me, let's take a step back then.
• 31:19
  SPEAKER_00: So for blueberries, what three types of blueberries have you had success with in Southern California?
• 31:28
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, one is um uh Blue Moon, I think it's called.
• 31:35
  SPEAKER_01: Um one is Star, and the other one is oh dear, the name escapes me at the moment.
• 31:42
  SPEAKER_01: I've got them written down somewhere, but um yeah, there's there's three different varieties, but they're all um you know noted for having a low chill hour requirements.
• 31:56
  SPEAKER_00: Southern uh blueberries, southern and then for avocados, what what would you recommend for a Southern California garden?
• 32:09
  SPEAKER_00: We see a lot of fuerte and Haas.
• 32:12
  SPEAKER_01: Well, yeah, Fuerte has a problem because it um it's alternate bearing.
• 32:19
  SPEAKER_01: Um yeah, you can wait two or three years before the next crop decides it'll uh it'll come on.
• 32:26
  SPEAKER_01: Um so basically what I've tried to do is look at uh fruit that is rather large and very popular.
• 32:36
  SPEAKER_01: Um we have a member, a number of members that used to work at the South Coast South Coast Rec Center here, which is a research uh extension.
• 32:46
  SPEAKER_01: And as you know, in that area they had a lot of um avocados being researched at the time.
• 32:54
  SPEAKER_01: Um and her experience um and her sharing of her particular avocado trees has uh basically um expanded um everything uh in this area.
• 33:10
  SPEAKER_01: Now we've got things like Nimble and uh Nabal that are very very good as far as texture, nuttiness, oil content, and um uh flesh to seed ratio is concerned, and they're quite large uh avocados.
• 33:29
  SPEAKER_01: We have, of course, um jam boyce, which is another very, very good avocado.
• 33:36
  SPEAKER_01: Um we have a new one that has come forward called Marcus Pumpkin, and Marcus Pumpkin is like a reed, it's a cannonball type variety, but larger than a reed.
• 33:49
  SPEAKER_01: Um they say the taste is very similar to a reed, and reed again is known for its uh oil content and its uh seed flesh to seed ratio.
• 34:01
  SPEAKER_01: Um, when you say a a cannonball variety, is that describing the size or what well yeah, in both both cases, you know, uh Queen, Reed, Marcus Pumpkin are uh like balls, okay?
• 34:19
  SPEAKER_01: They're they're round uh rather than uh teardropped, you know, or elongated or pear-shaped.
• 34:26
  SPEAKER_01: Um and um, you know, they just have a a different texture to them.
• 34:32
  SPEAKER_01: They're buttery, uh, at the same time have a very high oil content, and their ripening seasons or harvesting seasons are different.
• 34:43
  SPEAKER_01: Reed, of course, you know, um it takes 18 months to reach maturity, so you know they can be hanging on the tree while the next new crop is still coming forward, you know.
• 34:57
  SPEAKER_01: So you you've got to know when to pick them, and um, you know, there are uh sheets out there from the agricultural department that tells you the optimum time to pick these varieties.
• 35:11
  SPEAKER_00: Yeah.
• 35:13
  SPEAKER_00: So we've got avocados, we've got citrus, we've got uh blueberries, which is a rather exotic for our non-acidic soil here in Southern California.
• 35:27
  SPEAKER_01: Right.
• 35:27
  SPEAKER_00: And you've told me I I'm very curious about your mango tree.
• 35:31
  SPEAKER_00: The mango trees that I'm used to are massive.
• 35:35
  SPEAKER_00: And I can't imagine a mango tree that you could grow in a pot, but you you're doing that.
• 35:41
  SPEAKER_00: Tell me about your mango trees.
• 35:43
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, well, yeah, mangoes, like anything else, they've got to be managed, you know.
• 35:48
  SPEAKER_01: So the problem with people is they don't go out there and they don't cut their trees back to a manageable site, size.
• 35:56
  SPEAKER_01: You know, anything that you've got to step on a ladder to reach the fruit is too high.
• 36:01
  SPEAKER_01: And at my age, I'm not gonna get in a ladder because I'll end up breaking a hip or uh or or something.
• 36:08
  SPEAKER_01: So, you know, I I keep everything to uh arm's distance, you know.
• 36:13
  SPEAKER_01: If I stretch out um you know nine feet and can pick something, then that's okay.
• 36:18
  SPEAKER_01: Um so what I've done is I typically try to uh build the um the structure of the tree, the scaffolding, in a vase shape, so that um you know you've got four branches or three branches coming out from the main trunk that are going to support the growth and the fruit.
• 36:44
  SPEAKER_01: And I keep the inside of the tree pretty much open so that the air can pass through it because mangoes are susceptible to powdery mildew and anthracose.
• 36:57
  SPEAKER_01: Now, those two um diseases are uh fungal diseases are pretty hard to get rid of once they get established.
• 37:09
  SPEAKER_01: So, for those both those diseases, as soon as you see the flower pentacles start to form at the ends of the uh the tips, the lateral ends of the branches, then you should start spraying, and you start spraying a copper uh fungicide first to make sure that the powdery mildew doesn't get a hold.
• 37:35
  SPEAKER_01: And then a week or two weeks later you spray with sulfur so that um it doesn't get acclimatized or adjusted to one particular um fungicide and you alternate.
• 37:50
  SPEAKER_01: So you've got to do that until you start seeing um pollination on well, you know, the the uh the flowers are pollinated and you start seeing uh the small uh pea-shaped um fruit developing.
• 38:06
  SPEAKER_01: Once the fruit have developed, then you can ease back on the sprain.
• 38:11
  SPEAKER_01: But um, you know, we've got an unusual growing season here, you know, um we get uh rain through winter up to um you know mid-spring maybe, and that's when the avocados are starting, sorry, the mangoes are starting to push their pentacles and uh want to flower.
• 38:30
  SPEAKER_01: So, you know, you've got all that humidity around, which is the the bearer for all of the um uh powdery and mildew spores.
• 38:40
  SPEAKER_01: So you've got to be on top of it.
• 38:43
  SPEAKER_01: And there are some varieties that are worse uh for powdery mildew and anthracnose than others.
• 38:50
  SPEAKER_01: Um you know you don't ask me what they are, there's other people within our chapter that are more uh are much better aligned with mango growing and fig growing than what I am, and I take my cues from what they tell me.
• 39:07
  SPEAKER_00: So, what type of mangoes are are you growing?
• 39:11
  SPEAKER_01: Well, I've got uh Valen, well I've grafted Valencia Pride onto um a Manila onto Manila rootstocks.
• 39:21
  SPEAKER_01: Um and Valencia Pride seems like it's an easier one to graft.
• 39:29
  SPEAKER_01: Um Manila, we've we've got a problem here uh with our soil type in Southern California.
• 39:36
  SPEAKER_01: In uh Florida, most of the um rootstock over there is a turpentine rootstock, and that's great for their soils.
• 39:47
  SPEAKER_01: And when they ship mango seedlings across to us in California, if we don't specifically ask for a uh Manila mango uh rootstock, then we end up with the uh turpentine, and the turpentine doesn't want to work for us.
• 40:07
  SPEAKER_01: Um I haven't been able to prove this because I haven't taken the risk with uh you know shipping you know turpentine rootstock across the country to try it out.
• 40:19
  SPEAKER_01: Um I've got most of my seedlings grown from uh seeds that I've been able to propagate and uh and get to a decent size and then graft onto those.
• 40:31
  SPEAKER_01: Um but uh yeah it's a it's a little bit problematic, but Valencia Pride is a good one to grow here, that grows easily, and um sweet tart is another one that I've heard is uh quite good uh here, but these are all grafted um onto Manila Rootstock.
• 40:55
  SPEAKER_01: Um I don't know of any seedlings yet um that have been from uh coconut cream or from a sweet tart um and planted in the ground and then uh been used as rootstock.
• 41:12
  SPEAKER_01: At the moment I've got about um a dozen seeds of a Mexican variety of um uh mango.
• 41:24
  SPEAKER_01: It's a small one, it's very fibrous, it's kind of like a turpentine, but um they produce very, very good rootstock, and uh I'm hoping that I can propagate these and graft onto them in time for our annual plant sale in April.
• 41:44
  SPEAKER_01: But we'll see.
• 41:45
  SPEAKER_01: Maybe not this year, but next year.
• 41:47
  SPEAKER_01: Or not next year, but the year after.
• 41:50
  SPEAKER_00: So you're growing mangoes from seed?
• 41:54
  SPEAKER_01: Yes.
• 41:55
  SPEAKER_00: And or do you per just buy a mango at the store?
• 41:59
  SPEAKER_00: Can you do it that way?
• 42:01
  SPEAKER_01: No, you uh the problem with that is that usually the fruit is treated before it comes um to the supermarket.
• 42:08
  SPEAKER_01: It either goes through a hot water bath um to get rid of all of the you know uh things that we don't want, or um it gets irradiated.
• 42:20
  SPEAKER_01: And if it gets irradiated, then the embryo in the seed gets cooked, and uh they don't uh they don't they don't grow, they don't germinate successfully.
• 42:32
  SPEAKER_01: So what you end up doing is uh going around to friends that have grown mangoes in their backyard and beg borrowing or stealing uh seeds from them and uh and planting those.
• 42:45
  SPEAKER_01: At least those ones haven't been adulterated in any way, and you may get a decent uh seedling.
• 42:53
  SPEAKER_00: Now you've also mentioned that you grow fig trees.
• 42:57
  SPEAKER_00: Yes.
• 42:58
  SPEAKER_00: What what kind of fig tree are you growing?
• 43:02
  SPEAKER_01: I don't know, but I know that uh I don't know where the original one came from.
• 43:07
  SPEAKER_01: It was probably uh a scion that got picked up somewhere and stuck in the ground and and rooted, and then I've grafted onto it.
• 43:16
  SPEAKER_01: As I said before, nothing in my backyard or side yard anywhere is a standalone.
• 43:22
  SPEAKER_01: Well, I tell a lie, there's one standalone tree, and that's the uh nectar plum, but everything else is multi-grafted, and I'll get grafts from uh scion wood from wherever I can just to try it out.
• 43:36
  SPEAKER_01: And figs are easy to grow, really, really easy, and they're damn easy to graft.
• 43:42
  SPEAKER_01: You can't make a mistake with them, they're just dead simple to graft.
• 43:46
  SPEAKER_01: And of course, the good thing about grafting these things is if it doesn't it'll it'll fruit on the the wood that you've just grafted, okay?
• 43:56
  SPEAKER_01: So they fruit on new wood.
• 43:58
  SPEAKER_01: So if you don't happen to Like the that that variety of fig that you grafted on, you chop it off and you put another one on next year and go again.
• 44:07
  SPEAKER_01: So it's it's good in that regard, but we have a real serious problem here in Southern California at the moment, and that's the black fig fly.
• 44:19
  SPEAKER_01: Oh my god, you know, it's devastating.
• 44:22
  SPEAKER_01: Um, I've got a squirrel problem as well, so naturally I try to bag all of my fruit.
• 44:30
  SPEAKER_01: So, and I I've gone through a couple of integrations of uh uh bags.
• 44:36
  SPEAKER_01: I first started off with a fiberglass insect screen bag, and my wife sewed them up so that we could cover an entire branch on a fig tree, uh, and then the damn squirrels would eat through that, and then we said, Oh well, we'll give them some metal.
• 44:53
  SPEAKER_01: And uh so I got aluminum or aluminium uh insect screen, and I folded those up, stapled them, and they covered a branch.
• 45:02
  SPEAKER_01: Well, you know, if you've got a fruit pushed up against the mesh, then the bloody things will eat eat through the mesh to get to the fruit, and you end up getting well, most of them are alright, but uh you'll get one that's spoiled, and you'll end up with a hole in that bag.
• 45:19
  SPEAKER_01: Um and now I think um people who are using a stainless steel um mesh bag um that you can get on the internet um that seems to be working quite well.
• 45:36
  SPEAKER_01: But uh, you know, squirrels, if they can eat through macadamia nuts, they can eat through just about any bloody thing.
• 45:43
  SPEAKER_01: So they're hard to stop.
• 45:45
  SPEAKER_01: And of course, you know, I do the only humane thing and uh trap them and uh create fertilizer.
• 45:53
  SPEAKER_00: Uh we may have to edit that out as well.
• 45:58
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, all right.
• 46:00
  SPEAKER_00: Um now going back to the the black fig fi, uh there has been infestation, especially in North Orange County, uh with these black fig flies.
• 46:14
  SPEAKER_00: And you had mentioned that the control method that you're you're using is to basically bag the fruit um to prevent the the spread of these black fig flies and prevent them from uh laying their eggs and and the larvae uh eating the the figs.
• 46:33
  SPEAKER_00: What uh the sign that your tree has been infested with this is the small black figs dropping um before they ripen or mature.
• 46:45
  SPEAKER_00: And another way to notice is just by opening up the fruit, and you can oftentimes see the larvae, little white larvae eating inside the the black uh or inside the fig.
• 46:58
  SPEAKER_00: Um there, I understand that University of California is currently doing extensive research and trying to work on this problem here in Southern California.
• 47:09
  SPEAKER_00: And there is uh through the University of California Master Gardener site, I believe there's some contact information for the entomologists from the University of California that are working on that issue.
• 47:21
  SPEAKER_00: But yeah, that's uh one of the big concerns.
• 47:24
  SPEAKER_00: I have a uh brown fig tree, not the usual mission fig that a lot of people have, which produces a purple fig.
• 47:32
  SPEAKER_00: Mine tend to be green and brown, uh, make a great fig jam that goes well with proscutio and and uh a little bit of melon.
• 47:42
  SPEAKER_00: So there's there's that.
• 47:45
  SPEAKER_00: Now you'd mention another fruit that I I'm not sure I got the name right.
• 47:51
  SPEAKER_00: Lucama?
• 47:53
  SPEAKER_01: Uh Leucima.
• 47:55
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, Leucima is part of um, you know, I think it's a support family.
• 48:02
  SPEAKER_01: Well, you know, you've got Mame Saporte, you've got canistel, and you've got Leucima, and they're all of the same family.
• 48:12
  SPEAKER_01: Um now I've got a canistel tree in the front yard, and I was able to graft Leucama onto it, but I was not able to graft canistel onto my Leucoma tree, so it seems to be uh one-directional, or I didn't pick the right time, or I wasn't smart enough with my grafting.
• 48:36
  SPEAKER_01: But um, the cyan wood that's on the canistel tree uh seems like it's almost taking over the canistel.
• 48:45
  SPEAKER_01: Um but that's another tree.
• 48:46
  SPEAKER_01: Uh the Leucoma is from um South America, it's from the Chile, uh near the uh on the slopes of the Andes, and it's not an easy tree to get.
• 49:01
  SPEAKER_01: Um I've got that one, I've got two.
• 49:04
  SPEAKER_01: Well, I've got one, one in a pot and one attached to my um canistel, and and and it's in the ground.
• 49:12
  SPEAKER_01: But um one of the ways to uh get that particular tree is to use an approach graft.
• 49:20
  SPEAKER_01: Um and uh one of our members has got a tree in her backyard and she's got all these pots hanging up in the tree uh being approached graft, grafted to the mother tree, uh, and then will be severed at the appropriate time and um propagated, but it's it's not easy.
• 49:42
  SPEAKER_00: Now, is is the the fruit like that of a sapote or like a or a custard apple?
• 49:50
  SPEAKER_01: No, it's not like a custard apple.
• 49:52
  SPEAKER_01: It's um it's like uh you know, if you've had a mame sapote, um the flesh on that is uh a deep orange-red color, and it is a consistency of sweet potato.
• 50:06
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, so you know, and they can be uh moist or dry, depending on the variety, and they can taste like all sorts of things, butterscotch and you name it.
• 50:19
  SPEAKER_01: The uh mum the leukuma is a much smaller fruit, it has the same sort of seed, um, and the flesh is uh I wouldn't say grainy like a uh Chico Sorte, uh Chico Chapadilla or Chico Saporte, I forget now.
• 50:41
  SPEAKER_01: Anyway, um that Chico Saporte tastes like brown sugar and is very it can be grainy.
• 50:49
  SPEAKER_01: The Leucima it it has the same consistency, um more like uh a sweet potato, can be moist, can be dry, but it tastes like maple syrup.
• 51:02
  SPEAKER_01: And the canistel, it's also called the egg fruit because it looks like the yolk of an egg and is about the similar consistency, and it tastes like um vanilla caramel.
• 51:16
  SPEAKER_01: So, you know, you've got all these different flavor um types uh within the variety of um of soporte.
• 51:26
  SPEAKER_00: But then you've got another and you don't find these at the local grocery store.
• 51:32
  SPEAKER_01: No, but they don't travel.
• 51:33
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, that's the problem.
• 51:35
  SPEAKER_01: The the um mame soporte, yes, you can get that.
• 51:38
  SPEAKER_01: They pick it pretty hard and it will travel uh and will ripen on the counter.
• 51:45
  SPEAKER_01: But the other ones typically uh you let them mature on the tree to maximize the flavor, and then you pick them or you pick them up off the ground when they fall off the tree.
• 51:58
  SPEAKER_00: One more you'd mention, and and I may have misheard this, Young Mai or Young Mei?
• 52:04
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, Young Mei.
• 52:05
  SPEAKER_01: Young Mei is uh yumberry in in China.
• 52:11
  SPEAKER_01: It's a it's a Chinese uh fruit that is kind of hard to describe.
• 52:18
  SPEAKER_01: It's um it's uh it's not furry, but it's got um it's like a golf ball size, it might be bigger than a golf ball, but it has um very rough uh spiny outside, and you eat the whole lot, but it tastes like a mixture of raspberries, strawberries, and blueberries all together.
• 52:40
  SPEAKER_01: It's a very berry flavor, uh flavored tree, and you know, they're not easy to grow.
• 52:48
  SPEAKER_01: Um, you know, we've imported a lot of these things over the time from China, and you're very, very lucky if you can get a bare root um to grow.
• 53:00
  SPEAKER_01: I've got one that's still surviving uh from about five that I purchased, and um I've used a Merica uh Marica uh Californica as a root stock, and apparently that is one of the rootstocks that you can use.
• 53:21
  SPEAKER_01: There's about three different types of rootstock that are good for California, Southern Californian soils, and um I've been successful in grafting um a lot of uh cyan wood uh onto my um Marica Californica uh rootstock.
• 53:43
  SPEAKER_00: The unfortunate thing is whoops it looks like we're almost to the end of our time here.
• 53:50
  SPEAKER_00: It sounds like we've we've covered a multiple of different kinds of fruits other than apricots, plums, and apples.
• 54:02
  SPEAKER_00: Um some of the more unique and rare fruits that grow here in Southern California.
• 54:08
  SPEAKER_00: I'd like to take this time to thank John for being here today.
• 54:13
  SPEAKER_00: And again, encourage you, if you're interested in these topics, to check out the University of California Master Gardener site.
• 54:23
  SPEAKER_00: Or John, what is the California Rare Fruit Growers website again?com.
• 54:30
  SPEAKER_00: Excellent.
• 54:31
  SPEAKER_00: And this is a uh topics, the uh grafting, things of this nature that allow us to expand our gardening um and pursue the other interests that we have with respect to uh growing some of the rare fruits that that we don't always see every day.
• 54:51
  SPEAKER_00: Um John, thank you for taking the time to be with us here today.
• 54:56
  SPEAKER_01: And yeah, it was a pleasure.
• 54:59
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, it was a pleasure.
• 55:00
  SPEAKER_01: Thank you very much, Mark, for the invitation.
• 55:02
  SPEAKER_01: And uh I hope um yeah your followers uh got something out of it.
• 55:07
  SPEAKER_01: You know, you can grow anything anywhere.
• 55:09
  SPEAKER_01: Uh and don't think about being restricted with space.
• 55:13
  SPEAKER_01: It it's it's not you know, uh I I'm a testament to it, you know.
• 55:18
  SPEAKER_01: I've got trees everywhere.
• 55:20
  SPEAKER_00: Well, thank you very much.
• 55:22
  SPEAKER_00: Um and then we'll we'll give a little pause here.
• 55:27
  SPEAKER_00: They'll be able to edit.
• 55:28
  SPEAKER_00: And so what I'll do now, John, is I'll take what I have here, the recording, and I'll send it into our our people that have all the do all the editing.
• 55:38
  SPEAKER_01: Right.
• 55:38
  SPEAKER_00: And they'll go through and pick out the parts like the Costco and the and and and get poor Gary, poor Gary's high-priced soil.
• 55:50
  SPEAKER_00: So we we uh Laguna Hills Nursery there, we'll have some issues.
• 55:55
  SPEAKER_00: Um he's quite a character.
• 55:57
  SPEAKER_00: In any event, we'll we'll go ahead and go through the that and have it, and uh they'll keep us updated on what's going on.
• 56:05
  SPEAKER_00: I want to thank you for taking the time to no problem.
• 56:09
  SPEAKER_01: We didn't cover as much as we we could have.
• 56:11
  SPEAKER_01: Uh yeah, things just get rambled on.
• 56:13
  SPEAKER_01: We didn't get to the uh the mitigation of uh seepage uh issues from the slope and stuff like that, which is probably a good thing.
• 56:22
  SPEAKER_00: I've got another whole page of notes here.
• 56:25
  SPEAKER_00: Uh we we could there's a lot that we could have covered, and and that's good.
• 56:29
  SPEAKER_00: That's uh that gives us an opportunity to pursue other shows doing other things.
• 56:35
  SPEAKER_00: Um they'll edit this, they'll add some stuff to it in public service announcements and all that kind of thing.
• 56:41
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, well give me the yeah, give me the link when uh when it's ready uh where I can uh uh review it um because I'll probably forward it on to a whole bunch of my relos and uh and everybody else in the chat to make sure that they get uh copies of it and the board.
• 57:00
  SPEAKER_00: Very good.
• 57:01
  SPEAKER_00: Very good.
• 57:02
  SPEAKER_00: Well again, thank you.
• 57:03
  SPEAKER_00: And and hopefully we did this correctly.
• 57:06
  SPEAKER_00: I'm I'm gonna shut it down, and uh if it did it correctly, it should send me the recording.
• 57:12
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, lad.
• 57:13
  SPEAKER_01: Take it easy.
• 57:14
  SPEAKER_01: Thanks again.
• 57:15
  SPEAKER_00: Thanks, John.
• 57:15
  SPEAKER_00: Bye bye.
• 57:16
  SPEAKER_01: Bye, bye.