Latest / Legally Brunette / Killer Thriller: You’re Not Crazy. You’re Being Gaslit.
Transcript
- 0:06Speaker 1: Amy Roboc and TJ.
- 0:07Speaker 2: Holmes present Killer Thriller with your host Alisa Donovan.
- 0:14Speaker 1: Hey, everyone, a Lisa Donovan here and this is Killer Thriller. Okay,
- 0:19Speaker 1: So lately on this show, we've been diving into stories
- 0:21Speaker 1: that are wild, shocking, and honestly a little bit too real,
- 0:27Speaker 1: from gaslup by my husband to I Am Elizabeth Smart
- 0:30Speaker 1: to Joe versus Carol. There is a pattern that keeps
- 0:33Speaker 1: showing up again and again. And it's not just crime.
- 0:36Speaker 1: It's control, it's manipulation, it's narcissism and gaslighting. And these
- 0:43Speaker 1: are the kinds of people who can They can charm you,
- 0:45Speaker 1: confuse you, and completely rewrite your reality, sometimes without you
- 0:50Speaker 1: even realizing that it's happening. So today we're pulling back
- 0:54Speaker 1: the curtain on all of that. We are joined by
- 0:56Speaker 1: doctor Jamie Zuckerman, a clinical psychologist and expert in narcissistic abuse,
- 1:02Speaker 1: and we're going to break down what we're actually watching
- 1:05Speaker 1: in these stories and how it shows up in real life,
- 1:09Speaker 1: because once you see it, you can't unsee it. Doctor Jamie,
- 1:13Speaker 1: Welcome to Killer Thriller.
- 1:15Speaker 2: Oh it's my pleasure. Thank you for having me.
- 1:17Speaker 1: So I have been noticing a pattern across all of
- 1:21Speaker 1: these stories that we have been talking about recently, whether
- 1:25Speaker 1: it's the criminals themselves or these just larger than life characters,
- 1:28Speaker 1: and there definitely seems to be a thread of narcissism
- 1:31Speaker 1: running through a lot of them. So what does it
- 1:35Speaker 1: actually mean to be a narcissist from a clinical perspective?
- 1:39Speaker 2: Yeah, no, that's a great question. So, as we know
- 1:41Speaker 2: from social media, it's being thrown all over everywhere and people.
- 1:46Speaker 2: On the one hand, it's great people are learning about it.
- 1:47Speaker 2: On the other hand, it's not so great because no
- 1:50Speaker 2: one really knows what it is anymore so from a
- 1:51Speaker 2: clinical standpoint, a narcissist when we talk about it on
- 1:55Speaker 2: a continuum, So at the very extreme, we have what's
- 1:58Speaker 2: called narcissistic person disorder that is a pervasive personality style
- 2:03Speaker 2: that infiltrates all aspects of that person's life. It's characterized
- 2:08Speaker 2: by intense grandiosity, right, It's characterized by an extreme lack
- 2:13Speaker 2: of remorse, lack of empathy. Everything is about control and power,
- 2:18Speaker 2: So all of their behaviors at the very end of
- 2:20Speaker 2: the day, are all about obtaining control and power over
- 2:23Speaker 2: other people. They're extremely manipulative, they are extremely controlling and
- 2:31Speaker 2: quite frankly, they are aware and this is something I'm
- 2:34Speaker 2: sure we'll get to you, but they are aware of
- 2:36Speaker 2: what they're doing. Short answers know they don't care as
- 2:39Speaker 2: long as their needs are met.
- 2:41Speaker 1: So why do so many criminals seem to have these traits?
- 2:44Speaker 2: Yeah, So when we look at criminology, what we find
- 2:46Speaker 2: is that in that cluster of personality disorders, particularly narcissistic
- 2:52Speaker 2: personality disorder, we have something called antisocial personality disorder, which
- 2:57Speaker 2: kind of if you think of narcisses them on a continuum, right,
- 3:01Speaker 2: and at the extreme end we have that intense, malignant
- 3:04Speaker 2: narcissistic personality style. Right up next to that, we tend
- 3:09Speaker 2: to have antisocial personality disorder, which is what we think
- 3:12Speaker 2: of criminology. Like people that kill and do these horrific things,
- 3:16Speaker 2: and they really bump up next to each other. They
- 3:19Speaker 2: are different in certain respects, but they do overlap, which
- 3:22Speaker 2: is why you'll see at the extreme end of narcissism,
- 3:24Speaker 2: it tends to go into that.
- 3:25Speaker 1: Realm right right. So that's it's more than the average person.
- 3:32Speaker 1: You know, it makes somebody more like with someone with narcissism,
- 3:36Speaker 1: it makes them more likely to cross moral or legal lines.
- 3:40Speaker 2: Yes, because the rules don't apply to them.
- 3:43Speaker 1: Right.
- 3:43Speaker 2: And so even if you take somebody, let's say that's
- 3:45Speaker 2: kind of in the middle of that continuum, somebody who
- 3:48Speaker 2: has extreme narcissistic tendencies, they are very difficult to have
- 3:52Speaker 2: relationships with, whether that's a friend, a colleague, a family member,
- 3:57Speaker 2: a spouse. They make relationships so difficult. They make you
- 4:02Speaker 2: think you're going crazy. They make you think you're losing
- 4:05Speaker 2: your mind, and it's so up and down you don't
- 4:08Speaker 2: know which end is up. That's really when we when
- 4:11Speaker 2: we see these dysfunctional relationships, what we're talking about, when
- 4:14Speaker 2: you get into that extreme realm like I'm talking about,
- 4:16Speaker 2: you get into that that kind of antisocial realm of things.
- 4:23Speaker 1: Right, So, how much of it of the narcissism is
- 4:26Speaker 1: about control versus insecurity, like a deep insecurity.
- 4:31Speaker 2: So I'll answer to it. So it's all about control.
- 4:35Speaker 2: At the end of the day. Everything they're doing is
- 4:38Speaker 2: what we call coercive control, coercing you into controlling you
- 4:42Speaker 2: through whatever means necessary. They could love bomb you, they
- 4:46Speaker 2: could they could threaten you, they could pretend to be
- 4:49Speaker 2: your best friend, whatever means works for you to give
- 4:52Speaker 2: up your control over to them. So there's that, right,
- 4:57Speaker 2: But then in addition to that, it's it is about
- 5:03Speaker 2: low esteem and insecurities. But I want to make it clear,
- 5:08Speaker 2: all of us at some point worse than others. We
- 5:11Speaker 2: all have low self esteem, right, we all have insecurity height,
- 5:15Speaker 2: so you know, none of us are free from that.
- 5:17Speaker 2: So keeping that in mind is not automatic that somebody
- 5:21Speaker 2: is going to develop narcissism or personality because of insecure
- 5:24Speaker 2: do most narcissists have extreme insecurities? Absolutely, And a lot
- 5:28Speaker 2: of these are compensatory strategies to kind of make up
- 5:31Speaker 2: for that or to avoid it for themselves.
- 5:33Speaker 1: Right, right, So what's that? I think for a lot
- 5:35Speaker 1: of people, they're how what is this? Is there a
- 5:39Speaker 1: distinct difference between somebody who's just very self involved and
- 5:43Speaker 1: somebody who is truly narcissistic?
- 5:47Speaker 2: Yes? Yes, so on the surface, the behaviors can look
- 5:50Speaker 2: very similar. Right. So I can seem so self absorbed,
- 5:54Speaker 2: you can seem so self absorbed. But when brought to
- 5:57Speaker 2: my attention, let's say, it's just a long pattern I've
- 5:59Speaker 2: had my entire existence because for whatever reason in my upbringing,
- 6:03Speaker 2: that's just how I came to be I modeled my parents' behavior, whatever,
- 6:07Speaker 2: or I did it because I had to survive childhood.
- 6:09Speaker 1: Whatever.
- 6:11Speaker 2: If someone brings to my if you bring to my attention,
- 6:13Speaker 2: like Jamie, you know what, every time I try to
- 6:14Speaker 2: talk to you about something important to me, you always
- 6:16Speaker 2: make it about yourself. All you care about is yourself.
- 6:19Speaker 2: And I say, oh my god, I'm so I didn't
- 6:23Speaker 2: realize I did that, right, and I have some sense
- 6:26Speaker 2: of remorse. Right. It may be hard for me to
- 6:28Speaker 2: change it because it's.
- 6:29Speaker 1: All I know.
- 6:29Speaker 2: But I don't want to hurt you. Right Where somebody
- 6:32Speaker 2: who's narcissistic, it's always about them because you're just an object.
- 6:39Speaker 2: You don't matter, your feelings, your concerns, How I'm hurting you,
- 6:43Speaker 2: It doesn't, it doesn't. It's either here nor therapy because
- 6:45Speaker 2: it gives you nothing.
- 6:47Speaker 1: Wow. So there is a piece of just simple accountability
- 6:52Speaker 1: or awareness.
- 6:53Speaker 2: Yes, great work. Yes, they I always tell people narcissists
- 6:56Speaker 2: do not have accountability. They will project onto others. They
- 7:01Speaker 2: will gaslight the crap out of you to make you
- 7:04Speaker 2: feel like somehow this is your fault and you're not
- 7:07Speaker 2: sure how that is, but it is. And so then
- 7:10Speaker 2: you're apologizing when you don't even know what you're apologizing.
- 7:12Speaker 1: For, right right, right. So in in gas lit by
- 7:17Speaker 1: my husband, the Morgan Mester story, which I know you're
- 7:20Speaker 1: familiar with, and I spoke with Jenna, and I know
- 7:22Speaker 1: you've spoken with Jenna as well. Who I couldn't be
- 7:25Speaker 1: a bigger fan of her as a human being and
- 7:28Speaker 1: as an actress. But what really stood out to me
- 7:31Speaker 1: was how slowly the manipulation build over time. So at
- 7:36Speaker 1: what point does something like that cross into emotional abuse?
- 7:40Speaker 1: And I don't want to be hard to pay.
- 7:42Speaker 2: Oh, I love this question. I love this question because
- 7:45Speaker 2: it's a very it's a big misconception that a lot
- 7:46Speaker 2: of people have. So I will say this in regards
- 7:50Speaker 2: to the to the movie. I'm very picky with the
- 7:53Speaker 2: I watched a ton of dot doc btteries and movies
- 7:55Speaker 2: about all this stuff. This was one of the most
- 7:58Speaker 2: well done movies that got it right, and there's few
- 8:03Speaker 2: and this they nailed it. And so and for one
- 8:05Speaker 2: of the reasons, it is exactly what you said that
- 8:09Speaker 2: it's this subtle, like long coming into you know, coming
- 8:17Speaker 2: to be right. And the reason for that is because
- 8:19Speaker 2: it's exactly how it works. It's that's why when people
- 8:23Speaker 2: come to me, they're like, I can't believe I didn't
- 8:25Speaker 2: see this. I'm like, there was literally no way for
- 8:27Speaker 2: you to see this, and before you even know what's
- 8:29Speaker 2: going on, you're too sucked in. Right, So it is
- 8:31Speaker 2: deliberate that it starts like this. There is no right
- 8:35Speaker 2: I shouldn't say, though. There's rarely a time when I'm
- 8:37Speaker 2: working with people where they can say this was the moment.
- 8:41Speaker 2: They'll tell me this was their breaking point to leave.
- 8:43Speaker 2: But they never tell me this moment. It is so subtle,
- 8:45Speaker 2: it is so calculated.
- 8:47Speaker 1: As you're talking, it's like I'm hearing it like almost
- 8:51Speaker 1: like the weaving of a fabric. Right, and then all
- 8:53Speaker 1: of a sudden, you're in a sweater. Wait, yeah, you
- 8:56Speaker 1: didn't want to be wearing a sweater.
- 8:58Speaker 2: I actually may steal that from you because I love that.
- 9:01Speaker 2: I use the worst analogy. My analogy is that you
- 9:04Speaker 2: have a leak in your kitchen and you just say like, oh, whatever,
- 9:07Speaker 2: i'll deal with it later, I'll do it, and then
- 9:09Speaker 2: before you know it, you're seeing up to your waist
- 9:12Speaker 2: and water in your kitchen. You don't know how your gut,
- 9:13Speaker 2: but yours is much better.
- 9:15Speaker 1: So I take your thanks.
- 9:18Speaker 2: But yeah, it's but you know, make no mistake, it's
- 9:21Speaker 2: on purpose that it's like this. It's very it's very calculated,
- 9:26Speaker 2: and so by the time you realize what's happening, there's
- 9:30Speaker 2: so many things put in place to make it difficult
- 9:32Speaker 2: for you to escape, right, And I say escape on purpose,
- 9:36Speaker 2: not life.
- 9:37Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, because that is what it is, right, It's
- 9:40Speaker 1: not this question that people who really don't understand this
- 9:44Speaker 1: at all are always saying, like, well, why why didn't
- 9:46Speaker 1: she just leave? Or why didn't you It's like that's
- 9:49Speaker 1: just a complete lack of understanding of the dynamics of
- 9:52Speaker 1: the entire er. Well said, yes, scenario. So in this
- 9:58Speaker 1: film and in 's life, she slowly starts questioning her
- 10:03Speaker 1: own reality. So what is actually happening psychologically when somebody
- 10:08Speaker 1: gets to that point?
- 10:10Speaker 2: Yeah, so it starts out. You know, people think love
- 10:14Speaker 2: bombing is is is you know, roses and calling all
- 10:17Speaker 2: the time and confessing their undying love and you're my
- 10:19Speaker 2: soulmate in all this, which it is and it can be.
- 10:21Speaker 2: But love bombing really is figuring out what that person's
- 10:26Speaker 2: needs once interests are and matching them exactly on that. Right,
- 10:32Speaker 2: So I could love camping. I don't, but I could
- 10:34Speaker 2: love camping right, and I meets it right, and I
- 10:38Speaker 2: meet somebody and they're like, you know, you know what
- 10:41Speaker 2: I would love to do one day? I would love
- 10:43Speaker 2: to go camping with you. And you're like, what right.
- 10:46Speaker 2: So it's it's really kind of sneakly figuring out what
- 10:50Speaker 2: these persons needs are, what's missed in their development with
- 10:53Speaker 2: their family filling in all the holes. So you feel
- 10:55Speaker 2: like you're this puzzle piece, and so when you're in
- 10:58Speaker 2: that you become blindsided. It's like a tidal wave. I've
- 11:01Speaker 2: never had this before. I've never felt like this before.
- 11:03Speaker 2: You're my soulmate and it's amazing. And who doesn't want that?
- 11:07Speaker 1: Right? You feel seen result that way. I want to
- 11:10Speaker 1: be understood. We want to be seen and what we
- 11:12Speaker 1: really care about.
- 11:14Speaker 2: And so you don't see it then. And so what
- 11:16Speaker 2: happens in that timeframe that's usually short, You make a
- 11:19Speaker 2: lot of decisions that are very long term in terms
- 11:23Speaker 2: of their impact, like moving in together very fast, interesting,
- 11:26Speaker 2: joining bank accounts very fast, all of these things that
- 11:29Speaker 2: seemed normal and natural. Yeah, fast, but normal and natural.
- 11:33Speaker 2: But the reason why the narcissist is doing it that
- 11:35Speaker 2: way is so that they can continuously make your world
- 11:38Speaker 2: smaller while gaining access to you from all areas finances,
- 11:43Speaker 2: your housing, your cell phone, your car. I cannot tell
- 11:47Speaker 2: you how many times I have had people say, oh,
- 11:49Speaker 2: like they want me to they want me to work
- 11:51Speaker 2: for them, so I'm going to leave and build my
- 11:53Speaker 2: business with them, And you're like, ah, right, so yeah.
- 11:57Speaker 2: So a lot of that are to become their manager
- 11:59Speaker 2: and they start doing all their deals for them, and
- 12:01Speaker 2: it just everything goes south very quickly. So that happens,
- 12:04Speaker 2: and then things slowly start to shift, but not enough
- 12:09Speaker 2: where you can say, oh my god, I gotta get out.
- 12:12Speaker 2: It's things like are you sure you really want to
- 12:16Speaker 2: go to work today? I mean, like your kid's homesick,
- 12:20Speaker 2: they really want you right like you you don't want
- 12:22Speaker 2: to leave them with your mom. Or it could be
- 12:25Speaker 2: you know, you know your friend Jamie. I know you've
- 12:27Speaker 2: been friends with her forever, but there's just something about her.
- 12:31Speaker 2: I just I can't put my finger on it. She
- 12:34Speaker 2: never did anything to me, but I don't know if
- 12:36Speaker 2: I trust her. So before you know what, they start
- 12:38Speaker 2: to isolate you further further, or you know, with finances
- 12:42Speaker 2: this is a big one. It'll be something like no, no, no, sweet,
- 12:45Speaker 2: I'll do the taxes. Don't worry about you know how
- 12:47Speaker 2: you are with math, like, don't don't even worry about it.
- 12:49Speaker 2: And so you give up your independence without even realizing
- 12:52Speaker 2: you're giving.
- 12:53Speaker 1: It out under the guises of something being like a
- 12:56Speaker 1: gift or something being done. You're being taken care of
- 12:58Speaker 1: in some way. I literally, just in the three seconds
- 13:02Speaker 1: we've been talking, i'vem like, oh, three people that I've
- 13:05Speaker 1: known in my life. One boyfriend, one manager of a friend,
- 13:09Speaker 1: and one the now ex wife of a friend. Like,
- 13:12Speaker 1: thank goodness they are divorced. Now, it's really diabolical.
- 13:17Speaker 2: It's diabolical.
- 13:19Speaker 1: So how how do you know when someone is gaslighting you?
- 13:24Speaker 2: Okay, so you won't at first, So I like to
- 13:27Speaker 2: make that very crazy. You won't at first. What you'll
- 13:31Speaker 2: feel is confusion. You'll feel shame, you'll feel doubt, you'll
- 13:39Speaker 2: feel insecure, and you'll feel fearful, like you're losing your mind.
- 13:43Speaker 2: So it'll be subtle things like and and you know
- 13:46Speaker 2: for people listening that are like, oh not, everyone's bad
- 13:49Speaker 2: as a narcissist. And you know it's bigger than that.
- 13:52Speaker 2: It's more than that. So it's it's this person will
- 13:56Speaker 2: deliberately hide your cell phone, make you look for it,
- 14:01Speaker 2: make you think you've lost it you're going crazy, or
- 14:05Speaker 2: or hide your keys, or hit your car and then
- 14:08Speaker 2: blame you. I mean, all these little things. So these
- 14:11Speaker 2: things start to happen, or delete something from your from
- 14:14Speaker 2: your calendar, and you think you have plans. You swore
- 14:17Speaker 2: you had plans, but then you look and you're like, wait,
- 14:19Speaker 2: I have no plans. And little things like that, so
- 14:21Speaker 2: you start to doubt your Saturday, which then turns into
- 14:24Speaker 2: are you all right? Maybe you should see a psychologist.
- 14:27Speaker 2: I'm really worried about you. You seem so stressed out,
- 14:30Speaker 2: like maybe you should not go out as much, maybe
- 14:32Speaker 2: you should quit your job or let me take charge
- 14:35Speaker 2: of this. And so, before you know what, you start
- 14:37Speaker 2: to believe this because here you have this caring.
- 14:39Speaker 1: Person and they sound reasonable.
- 14:42Speaker 2: Like reasonable yeah, And so you start to feel embarrassed.
- 14:46Speaker 2: So you start to limpit your your your your social network.
- 14:50Speaker 2: And so what ends up happening is that you ends
- 14:52Speaker 2: up in this tiny, small bubble and your reality has
- 14:56Speaker 2: become so warped that you have to depend on your
- 15:00Speaker 2: abuser to define reality for you, because without them, you
- 15:05Speaker 2: are lost. And so that's what gaslighting really is.
- 15:10Speaker 1: So are you just sort of mentioned a few, but
- 15:12Speaker 1: are there any other kind of particular phrases or behaviors
- 15:17Speaker 1: that people should immediately should like set up a red flag?
- 15:22Speaker 2: Yes, things like you know you're crazy, or you always
- 15:27Speaker 2: do this, or you know, something like that's not me,
- 15:32Speaker 2: right that you show a picture to them about you
- 15:34Speaker 2: said you were out with your friends, but I saw
- 15:36Speaker 2: you out with this one and here's a picture that's
- 15:38Speaker 2: not me. They must have photoshoped it. You know how
- 15:39Speaker 2: much they hate me. I hate that kind of stuff, right,
- 15:44Speaker 2: But again, the bigger ones that are kind of like
- 15:46Speaker 2: the hallmarks of this is you're crazy, you're losing your mind,
- 15:49Speaker 2: you know you need help, or you know, you take
- 15:53Speaker 2: their phone and you start going through it and you
- 15:55Speaker 2: find something and then they throw it back on you
- 15:57Speaker 2: and make you feel and then before you know what,
- 15:58Speaker 2: you're apologizing for going through their phone because you're crazy
- 16:01Speaker 2: in your psycho that.
- 16:02Speaker 1: Kind of stuff, right, So what do you do if
- 16:06Speaker 1: you suspect that you are in a relationship with someone
- 16:09Speaker 1: who is a narcissist or somebody who is gaslighting it,
- 16:12Speaker 1: what do you actually do?
- 16:13Speaker 2: Yeah, so this is where you have to be very
- 16:15Speaker 2: careful and very safe because we know from the research
- 16:19Speaker 2: that one it takes about seven times on average for
- 16:22Speaker 2: somebody to leave a relationship like this seven seven.
- 16:26Speaker 1: Wow.
- 16:27Speaker 2: Yeah, it is not easy for numerous reasons. They're tied financially,
- 16:30Speaker 2: they're tied with kids, and the family courts with custody
- 16:32Speaker 2: do not favor the healthy parent, which is a whole
- 16:35Speaker 2: other issue, and so they're really kind of locked in there.
- 16:39Speaker 2: So you want to first make sure that you have
- 16:43Speaker 2: somebody on the outside that you can confide in, and
- 16:47Speaker 2: when you've been isolated for so long, that can be
- 16:49Speaker 2: really difficult. So I always tell family and friends whatever
- 16:51Speaker 2: you do is man as you may get it. Then
- 16:52Speaker 2: for going back and going back, just know that they
- 16:56Speaker 2: need you at some point and just tell them I
- 16:57Speaker 2: love you, I'll be there for you. That's the nice
- 16:59Speaker 2: because at some point they're gonna need you. Find somebody
- 17:02Speaker 2: that you can confide in, somebody that you can trust.
- 17:05Speaker 2: Know that you will never feel ready to leave. You
- 17:08Speaker 2: will never never feel super strong and ready to leave.
- 17:12Speaker 2: You're gonna have to do this and feel scared to death.
- 17:15Speaker 2: You want to make sure that you have everything you
- 17:19Speaker 2: possibly can lined up for your escape, meaning somebody to
- 17:22Speaker 2: stay with, access to funds, a prepaid calling card, a
- 17:27Speaker 2: prepaid credit card, you know, have a to go back
- 17:32Speaker 2: in your car with your passport and your license, any
- 17:34Speaker 2: important documents, your medicines, all of that kind of stuff,
- 17:39Speaker 2: just just to have it. Those are the practical things
- 17:41Speaker 2: that people really need to have in place first before
- 17:43Speaker 2: they even make any kind of psychological effort.
- 17:48Speaker 1: Oh my gosh, that's so. I mean, it's a lot.
- 17:52Speaker 1: It's like you really have to be ready and willing.
- 17:56Speaker 1: I mean, that's understandable. Why it takes so long? I mean,
- 18:00Speaker 1: and you know, I was going to ask why is
- 18:03Speaker 1: this so hard for people to leave these relationships? But
- 18:05Speaker 1: I mean I think we just you just and.
- 18:07Speaker 2: Also when particularly for women but men too, but when
- 18:10Speaker 2: you leave, that's the highest rate for physical violence is
- 18:15Speaker 2: when you're leaving or if they hear that you're leaving.
- 18:17Speaker 2: So you have to be really careful.
- 18:19Speaker 1: Right, So in I am Elizabeth Smart, it's a very
- 18:24Speaker 1: different situation where but there is still control and manipulation
- 18:29Speaker 1: by her kidnapper and abuser. So how much of this behavior,
- 18:34Speaker 1: especially all the religious doctrine that he spews out. How
- 18:39Speaker 1: much of that would you say is narcissism?
- 18:42Speaker 2: Yeah, a significant chunk of it, because if you look
- 18:45Speaker 2: at the way in which he manipulates her and also
- 18:47Speaker 2: his wife, you know right that it's very very much
- 18:53Speaker 2: this intense coercive control, intense isolation from everybody in the
- 18:59Speaker 2: world basically, right, So it's just his doctrine, it's just
- 19:03Speaker 2: his words that they have to exist by. So it's
- 19:07Speaker 2: very much control based, it's very much power based. We
- 19:09Speaker 2: see this a lot in cult dynamics, you know, and
- 19:13Speaker 2: it begs the question, you know, he thinks he's a prophet.
- 19:17Speaker 2: When you're at that extreme, Yes, when you are that grandiose, yeah,
- 19:21Speaker 2: you people will believe that. They will believe that story. Now,
- 19:26Speaker 2: how much of his own preachings does he believe? Who knows?
- 19:29Speaker 2: It may not necessarily matter. What matters is that he
- 19:33Speaker 2: has isolated them so much, scared them so much that
- 19:37Speaker 2: their ability to leave it's like they don't even it's
- 19:41Speaker 2: not even an option. It becomes something they don't even
- 19:44Speaker 2: think about or consider.
- 19:45Speaker 1: Right, it's not actually a part of reality. So right,
- 19:49Speaker 1: so do people in those situations like Elizabeth, they start
- 19:54Speaker 1: to adapt in ways that outsiders, people like you and
- 19:57Speaker 1: I we might not understand.
- 19:59Speaker 2: Yes, right, yes, And that's why it's so confusing for
- 20:02Speaker 2: people who leave these relationships, whether it's an abusive intimate relationship,
- 20:06Speaker 2: a family member, or cult, whatever the case may be.
- 20:10Speaker 2: It is so difficult for other people to say, like,
- 20:13Speaker 2: why wouldn't you just leave? But what they're forgetting is
- 20:15Speaker 2: that if there's actual neurological changes that occur in your brain, right,
- 20:20Speaker 2: there's actual cognitive changes that occur in your brain that
- 20:23Speaker 2: make it impossible to see otherwise.
- 20:26Speaker 1: Right, So what like in Elizabeth Smart's case, she was
- 20:28Speaker 1: captive for nine months? So what happens psychologically when somebody
- 20:33Speaker 1: is controlled for that long?
- 20:34Speaker 2: Yeah? So one is your your fight or flight response, right,
- 20:38Speaker 2: which is what we have to innately keep us alive
- 20:42Speaker 2: and survive. When you're in those types of environments, you
- 20:45Speaker 2: kind of go on to this freeze mode, right, And
- 20:48Speaker 2: it's a form of self protection. And so when you're
- 20:51Speaker 2: in that freeze mode, you don't act, and so we
- 20:55Speaker 2: see that a lot unfortunately in sexual assaults. Right, White
- 20:59Speaker 2: people don't fight back. It's their body literally does what
- 21:02Speaker 2: their body thinks is the best thing to do to
- 21:04Speaker 2: protect them in that moment. And so when you have
- 21:07Speaker 2: that response coupled with if you leave, I'll kill you. Your
- 21:12Speaker 2: family doesn't love you, nobody's looking for you, right, you're
- 21:18Speaker 2: so limited in your in your response options, and then neurologically,
- 21:22Speaker 2: your brain starts to reset itself for survival. It's all
- 21:26Speaker 2: you can do. And so you're you're you're basically resetting
- 21:29Speaker 2: yourself for survival. So your options become really only what
- 21:33Speaker 2: your brain can allow you.
- 21:34Speaker 1: To think of.
- 21:34Speaker 2: And that's why people feel stuck and why so hard
- 21:38Speaker 2: for other people I get.
- 21:39Speaker 1: To get it right right, It literally changes the reality
- 21:44Speaker 1: of your own reality. So what is the is there
- 21:50Speaker 1: or is there a moment or a point where the
- 21:54Speaker 1: those survival instincts really do take over and then it
- 21:58Speaker 1: changes how they respond, like what is that? Is that
- 22:01Speaker 1: a is that a particular moment or Yeah?
- 22:06Speaker 2: So when I work with people who are in these relationships,
- 22:11Speaker 2: the I would say that the biggest thing, the biggest
- 22:14Speaker 2: light switched moment that I have with people is once
- 22:21Speaker 2: they are able to and this takes a long time,
- 22:24Speaker 2: but once they're able to see the patterns. Because here's
- 22:28Speaker 2: the one thing the playbook of a narcissistic dynamic is
- 22:33Speaker 2: so obvious once you see it. It is so textbook,
- 22:38Speaker 2: and so for one of the most destructive styles out there,
- 22:41Speaker 2: it really is the most predictable. And so once a
- 22:44Speaker 2: survivor sees those patterns, you absolutely one cannot unsee it.
- 22:51Speaker 2: And so once they're able to not only predict the behavior,
- 22:54Speaker 2: but know what it is and know why it's happening,
- 22:58Speaker 2: then they start to be caught untouchable and they slowly
- 23:03Speaker 2: start to if this is them with the narcissists, right,
- 23:06Speaker 2: and they slowly start to separate, allowing them to see
- 23:09Speaker 2: it for what it is, and that's when you really
- 23:12Speaker 2: want to start to make your moves at that point,
- 23:15Speaker 2: right right, it's a very in therapy at least, it's
- 23:19Speaker 2: a very AHA moment for people because it gives them
- 23:22Speaker 2: so much empowerment in that moment to know that, oh
- 23:25Speaker 2: my god, wait, this has nothing to do with me.
- 23:27Speaker 2: This is a pattern. Okay, so I know when I
- 23:30Speaker 2: do this, they're going to do this, so I know
- 23:31Speaker 2: how I need to respond to this, and before you
- 23:34Speaker 2: know it, that understanding of that blueprint is what actually
- 23:38Speaker 2: gives you the ability to eventually leave.
- 23:41Speaker 1: I mean that's what Elizabeth Smart actually did, where she
- 23:47Speaker 1: manipulates him and says, yes, I think God is telling
- 23:52Speaker 1: us to go back to Utah and put it sort
- 23:56Speaker 1: of into his hands. God's telling you to do this
- 23:59Speaker 1: because you're or the one that needs And then he says, oh,
- 24:02Speaker 1: you're right, that is what we should do. I mean
- 24:05Speaker 1: it's really incredible.
- 24:07Speaker 2: You make them think it was their idea. You make
- 24:09Speaker 2: them think that you need them, You make them think
- 24:11Speaker 2: that you know that they're in control of you. Once
- 24:16Speaker 2: you see that and you can twist it, then you
- 24:18Speaker 2: can start to separate yourself.
- 24:20Speaker 3: Right.
- 24:35Speaker 1: So are there warning signs, even in less extreme situations
- 24:39Speaker 1: that control is escalating in a dangerous way.
- 24:43Speaker 2: Yeah. So I like to start from I call it
- 24:45Speaker 2: preventive medicine. I like to start from the very beginning.
- 24:48Speaker 2: So if you're on a date with somebody, or you
- 24:51Speaker 2: meet somebody in business, or you meet a new friend,
- 24:54Speaker 2: and you start to see the behaviors like love bombing. Right,
- 24:58Speaker 2: So the non stop calling, make plans, they seem to
- 25:01Speaker 2: just get you so quickly. If you hear the word
- 25:03Speaker 2: you're my soulmate, you run for the hills. I put
- 25:07Speaker 2: that out as a blanket statement. You know, they don't
- 25:11Speaker 2: even know your middle name, but yet somehow you're their soulmate.
- 25:15Speaker 2: If you start doing things like you're planning your wedding
- 25:18Speaker 2: and it's how cute, and we're gonna name our kids this,
- 25:20Speaker 2: this and this and this is gonna be our dog
- 25:22Speaker 2: and no, because that's not our You don't know anybody
- 25:25Speaker 2: well enough to be their soulmate, right, You don't know
- 25:28Speaker 2: anyone yet. You don't know how they operate, you don't
- 25:30Speaker 2: know how they argue, and so those are red flags
- 25:33Speaker 2: from the very beginning. And the way I tell people
- 25:36Speaker 2: to check is tell the person that you're stick one day.
- 25:40Speaker 2: And I used to get so much crap for this,
- 25:41Speaker 2: But tell the person you're sick and you need to
- 25:43Speaker 2: cancel plans, and see what their response is. Do they
- 25:47Speaker 2: ghost you? Do they get angry at you? Do they
- 25:49Speaker 2: show up at your house anyway with flowers and soup
- 25:51Speaker 2: and say, I you know, I'm here to make you
- 25:53Speaker 2: feel better?
- 25:54Speaker 1: Well?
- 25:54Speaker 2: How do they respond?
- 25:55Speaker 1: Right?
- 25:56Speaker 2: Yeah? Right?
- 25:57Speaker 1: Do they hear what you're saying, which is I am
- 26:00Speaker 1: not well, I'm going to rest today, I don't I
- 26:02Speaker 1: don't want to be together?
- 26:04Speaker 2: Yes?
- 26:05Speaker 1: Right? Yes?
- 26:06Speaker 2: See how they talk to waiters and waitresses. See how
- 26:10Speaker 2: they talk to talk about their exes?
- 26:14Speaker 1: Right?
- 26:14Speaker 2: How do they talk about their family? Do they have friends?
- 26:16Speaker 2: Like all these little things that when things are so good,
- 26:21Speaker 2: you may not really pay attention to, right.
- 26:25Speaker 1: So okay, So thinking about someone like Joe Exotic and
- 26:28Speaker 1: Joe V. Carroll, So he is this person who's very
- 26:32Speaker 1: charismatic in a in a very unique sort of a way,
- 26:37Speaker 1: but is also very controlling. And is that a common
- 26:41Speaker 1: combination with narcissism.
- 26:44Speaker 2: Yeah, So within within narcissism and that cliga, in that
- 26:47Speaker 2: cluster of personality disorders, oftentimes we see this kind of
- 26:50Speaker 2: histrionic which is that very just you know, as you said,
- 26:56Speaker 2: just kind of this ridiculous.
- 26:57Speaker 1: Performative and demonstrative.
- 27:00Speaker 2: Yeah, we we see that a lot with certain types
- 27:02Speaker 2: of narcissists, not all, but but that's that's common. Yes, Now,
- 27:07Speaker 2: does that automatically align with being controlling? No, it doesn't,
- 27:11Speaker 2: it doesn't. But but again, it's not uncommon to see
- 27:15Speaker 2: those kind of those things overlap. But but but alone
- 27:20Speaker 2: by itself doesn't mean that they're narcissistic, and a narcissist
- 27:23Speaker 2: alone by themselves won't mean they're necessarily histrionic in that respect.
- 27:27Speaker 1: Right, Well, so how do you know when manipulation is
- 27:31Speaker 1: happening versus just a difficult personality? Yes, sometimes my husband
- 27:37Speaker 1: might say I'm a difficult personality.
- 27:41Speaker 2: Mine never says.
- 27:44Speaker 1: He'll be wrong, but he obviously.
- 27:49Speaker 2: What do they mean? No? So, so, so here's here's
- 27:54Speaker 2: the here's the real difference in those is that Again,
- 28:00Speaker 2: as I said before, we all grew up with patterns,
- 28:03Speaker 2: either patterns that we modeled from our caregivers or patterns
- 28:07Speaker 2: that we did in opposition to our caregivers. But the
- 28:10Speaker 2: way we are in our world up till a certain
- 28:12Speaker 2: point really is based on our development. We do the
- 28:16Speaker 2: things we do because the patterns. We are experts at
- 28:18Speaker 2: our patterns. We can do our patterns the best out
- 28:21Speaker 2: of anybody else. And so we may be difficult, but
- 28:26Speaker 2: not narcissistic. If just our patterns annoy other people or
- 28:32Speaker 2: they just don't make for the easiest relationships, that doesn't
- 28:37Speaker 2: mean you're a narcissist. It just may mean you have
- 28:40Speaker 2: toxic in our personal patterns or you're using in our
- 28:43Speaker 2: personal patterns. It worked great for you growing up, and
- 28:46Speaker 2: that's how you got through it, and that's how you
- 28:47Speaker 2: survived fast forward into adulthood when that context is no
- 28:51Speaker 2: longer present. But yet we're still using the same inner
- 28:53Speaker 2: personal styles. We're gonna feel like we start to hit
- 28:55Speaker 2: a wall. That's not narcissism. That's not that, because it's
- 29:00Speaker 2: with this is if your husband sat you down and
- 29:02Speaker 2: said to you, listen, when you do this. In this,
- 29:05Speaker 2: you're hurting me. Right, You're gonna feel horrible. You're not
- 29:10Speaker 2: gonna want to do it. Will It be hard and
- 29:11Speaker 2: difficult to change, of course, But that's different. The purpose
- 29:15Speaker 2: of your behaving, the way you're behaving, has nothing to
- 29:17Speaker 2: do with gaining control, access, and manipulation to him. It's
- 29:22Speaker 2: just about this is how you ask for your needs
- 29:25Speaker 2: to be met or this is all you know, and
- 29:28Speaker 2: you can change that. With a narcissist, however, their actions,
- 29:34Speaker 2: the function, or the underlying reason behind everything they do
- 29:37Speaker 2: is always going to be about control, power and dominance
- 29:41Speaker 2: over another person. Always. It's just dressed up in various
- 29:46Speaker 2: ways brought to their attention. What are you talking about?
- 29:50Speaker 2: You know you're crazy. I didn't do that. That's not
- 29:52Speaker 2: what I said. All the gas lighting type things, right,
- 29:54Speaker 2: you need help? You know you do this with everybody,
- 29:57Speaker 2: this is why you have no friends, Like why would
- 30:00Speaker 2: I hide your phone on purpose? Like what is wrong
- 30:02Speaker 2: with you? That kind of stuff. So they have no
- 30:05Speaker 2: intention of changing. Ever, they have no remorse, they have
- 30:08Speaker 2: no empathy, and their goal is to control and manipulate you,
- 30:12Speaker 2: not because this is all they know. But when brought
- 30:17Speaker 2: to their attention, they don't want to be like this anymore.
- 30:19Speaker 1: Right, So I was going to ask, can narcissists actually
- 30:23Speaker 1: love someone in a healthy way? But it sounds like
- 30:25Speaker 1: that's a no.
- 30:27Speaker 2: They can't. And you know, I know there's people say
- 30:29Speaker 2: I get this all the time, like you're a psychologist,
- 30:31Speaker 2: how could you say this? That's so horrible. Everybody can
- 30:34Speaker 2: change and you're stigmatizing that.
- 30:36Speaker 1: I'm not.
- 30:37Speaker 2: I'm just reporting the behaviors. And I can tell you
- 30:39Speaker 2: that in all my years of practicing I have I
- 30:46Speaker 2: have never seen a narcissist change, only never. The only
- 30:53Speaker 2: times I have ever seen a narcissist change is when
- 30:58Speaker 2: they're pretending they have changed because they need to get
- 31:02Speaker 2: something from family court, or because they need to get
- 31:06Speaker 2: out of some sort of trouble, or they're trying to
- 31:09Speaker 2: reconcile with their ex because they want to get back
- 31:12Speaker 2: in and control them. They they have cognitive empathy, which
- 31:16Speaker 2: means they know how they're supposed to feel and they
- 31:19Speaker 2: know what they're supposed to think. So they're able to
- 31:22Speaker 2: mimic it, but they don't feel it and they don't
- 31:25Speaker 2: think it.
- 31:26Speaker 1: It's still to get the result that they want. Yes, yes,
- 31:31Speaker 1: Oh my god, that is so intense.
- 31:32Speaker 2: They know they know what they're doing. And that's the
- 31:35Speaker 2: hardest pill for people to swallow, because then we have
- 31:37Speaker 2: to accept, oh my god, they're willingly evil, right like,
- 31:41Speaker 2: they're willingly hurting me, they're willingly abusing me what like.
- 31:46Speaker 2: And so I know a lot of people have a
- 31:48Speaker 2: hard time with that. I understand why, but I and
- 31:52Speaker 2: I think if you spoke to my colleagues they would
- 31:54Speaker 2: say the same thing, that the likelihood of somebody changing
- 31:57Speaker 2: is it's very slimple what you will find. You have
- 32:00Speaker 2: self aware narcissists all the time that are on Instagram
- 32:03Speaker 2: social media talking about what it's life like. Is a
- 32:06Speaker 2: narcissist and that's not because they've changed.
- 32:09Speaker 1: Wait is that real? Is that a thing?
- 32:12Speaker 2: There was a whole like New York Times. I think
- 32:14Speaker 2: it was not New York Times, The New Yorker or
- 32:17Speaker 2: one of them. There was this huge article with all
- 32:20Speaker 2: these famous social media influencers self aware narcissists. Now one
- 32:25Speaker 2: or two of them. I follow, not because I think
- 32:29Speaker 2: they've feeled, but because hearing their perception of why they
- 32:33Speaker 2: do what they do gives me insight as a psychologist.
- 32:36Speaker 2: Right right, they haven't.
- 32:38Speaker 1: Changed, no, and then they're getting attention for it, which
- 32:41Speaker 1: is just feeding the fire, feeling the fire exactly exactly.
- 33:00Speaker 1: So for someone who's listening, who might be questioning their
- 33:03Speaker 1: own relationship, what is one thing they should pay attention
- 33:07Speaker 1: to right away?
- 33:08Speaker 2: Ask themselves what immediately comes up for them in their
- 33:13Speaker 2: gut when they think about setting a boundary with this person.
- 33:18Speaker 2: And if it's interesting, if it's one of fear, or
- 33:22Speaker 2: your body just goes into this like h feeling, or
- 33:25Speaker 2: you get you know, it's that overwhelming anxiety, that's something
- 33:30Speaker 2: to pay attention to.
- 33:32Speaker 1: That's such a good that is such a good gauge.
- 33:36Speaker 2: Yeah, and then you know what would happen if you
- 33:39Speaker 2: went outside the general status quo that the narcissists set
- 33:42Speaker 2: for you. I'm going to go out with my friends tonight.
- 33:45Speaker 2: What happens? Right? Do you come home? And the doors locked.
- 33:49Speaker 2: Do you come home your closer outside. Do they call
- 33:52Speaker 2: you non stop the whole entire night to ruin the
- 33:55Speaker 2: night just because they don't have control over you anymore?
- 33:58Speaker 2: Do they feign sickness? Like what what happens?
- 34:01Speaker 1: Wow? Yeah? So what is one myth about narcissism or
- 34:07Speaker 1: gaslighting that you really want people to stop believing.
- 34:11Speaker 2: That narcissists are attracted to weak people? They are nuts.
- 34:15Speaker 2: They are attracted to very smart, successful, attractive, strong people.
- 34:23Speaker 2: And the reason for that, Yeah, the reason for that
- 34:25Speaker 2: is because and this still to this day it gives
- 34:28Speaker 2: me chills on the back of my neck when I
- 34:29Speaker 2: explain this, But a narcissist's whole aim is to gain
- 34:33Speaker 2: power and control over somebody else. Their primary goal is
- 34:36Speaker 2: to suck this person dry of their entire sense of
- 34:39Speaker 2: self until they are nothing, which is why suicide rates
- 34:42Speaker 2: are oddly higher within these types of dynamics, because the
- 34:46Speaker 2: person is just just vaporized, so to speak. You can't
- 34:52Speaker 2: get all of that from somebody who starts out with
- 34:56Speaker 2: low self esteem. There's nowhere for them to fall, and
- 35:00Speaker 2: so they take everything that this person has that they want.
- 35:04Speaker 2: They take everything their success, their intelligence, their energy, all
- 35:08Speaker 2: of it and just suck them dry until there's nothing left.
- 35:10Speaker 2: If they start with somebody that has low self esteem,
- 35:12Speaker 2: well they don't get anything from that. Their goal is
- 35:15Speaker 2: to watch them fall by the time the relationship has
- 35:19Speaker 2: progressed or is at the end of the relationship. Now
- 35:22Speaker 2: we see somebody who has no self esteem, right, sense
- 35:25Speaker 2: of self, no identity. But that's because of the relationship.
- 35:29Speaker 1: That wasn't the industry, right, that's not how they began.
- 35:32Speaker 2: No, they are drawn towards people that are empathetic, yes, absolutely,
- 35:36Speaker 2: but they are not drawn to weak people or people
- 35:39Speaker 2: with low self esteem. So I think that's a huge
- 35:41Speaker 2: myth that people.
- 35:42Speaker 1: Oh so, once someone has experienced this kind of relationship,
- 35:47Speaker 1: then how do they rebuild that trust in themselves.
- 35:51Speaker 2: It's really hard. It's a really long long process because
- 35:56Speaker 2: not only do they have to you know, I think
- 36:00Speaker 2: one of the saddest things I have ever heard from
- 36:02Speaker 2: a patient after she got out of the relationship was,
- 36:04Speaker 2: you know, she said to me, She's like, I gotta
- 36:06Speaker 2: be honest. She goes, I have no idea who I am.
- 36:09Speaker 2: I feel like a shell of my former self, which
- 36:11Speaker 2: we hear all the time. She goes I don't even
- 36:13Speaker 2: know what kind of ice cream I like.
- 36:15Speaker 1: Wow.
- 36:16Speaker 2: Yeah, Like it breaks you down so much that you
- 36:19Speaker 2: don't even know. You don't even know what music you like.
- 36:22Speaker 2: You don't know what kind of movies you like, you
- 36:24Speaker 2: don't know what's your favorite color, you don't know how
- 36:27Speaker 2: you like to dress, and so you have to totally
- 36:30Speaker 2: rebuild yourself and it's a really long process, and you
- 36:34Speaker 2: doubt yourself and you don't trust people, and it really
- 36:38Speaker 2: is a level of trauma that is really really deep.
- 36:41Speaker 2: And I don't think people understand that. And I think
- 36:45Speaker 2: the worst. I don't know if it's worse. I guess
- 36:47Speaker 2: it's the way you look at it. Those are intimate relationships.
- 36:50Speaker 2: Think about growing up with a narcissistic parent. You never
- 36:53Speaker 2: had a sense of identity. You were always told who
- 36:56Speaker 2: to be. So if you cut ties from a narcissic
- 36:58Speaker 2: family member, now you're really starting from scratch. You don't
- 37:02Speaker 2: have a pre existing you. So it depends on the
- 37:05Speaker 2: relationship type. But I will say this, it is not
- 37:09Speaker 2: all doom of bloom. It is very hard, but there
- 37:11Speaker 2: is a light at the end of the tunnel, and
- 37:13Speaker 2: once you get that empowerment and once you're able to
- 37:15Speaker 2: figure out who you are and who you want to
- 37:17Speaker 2: be and what you want to shift, and you realize
- 37:19Speaker 2: that's totally in your control. Then you really start to
- 37:22Speaker 2: feel strong. And I have never met people stronger in
- 37:27Speaker 2: my life than people who have survived narcissistic abuse. They are.
- 37:30Speaker 1: I mean, that's so interesting because I've been so struck
- 37:35Speaker 1: by the people that, like Elizabeth Smart and I interviewed
- 37:42Speaker 1: Sarah Edmonton who was in the next same called, and
- 37:45Speaker 1: you know, people that have overcome these things and turned
- 37:49Speaker 1: them into something powerful and meaning. It is like these women,
- 37:55Speaker 1: especially those are the ones I've spoken to. They've all
- 37:57Speaker 1: been women Amanda Knox, you know, a different situation but
- 38:02Speaker 1: still gone through something so intensely tragic. And the power
- 38:09Speaker 1: that these people have that is really it's just a centered, grounded,
- 38:18Speaker 1: extraordinary thing like that. I am just so impressed by.
- 38:22Speaker 2: I could not agree more. I could not agree more.
- 38:25Speaker 2: And I tell them when they get to that point
- 38:27Speaker 2: and you can look at this and feel so almost
- 38:31Speaker 2: I don't recognize that person, you know, And you'll get
- 38:35Speaker 2: to that point and you'll know that you've feeled but
- 38:37Speaker 2: I could not agree with you more. It's the strongest
- 38:40Speaker 2: people I have ever encountered in my life.
- 38:42Speaker 1: Wow. Okay, I'm at doctor Jamie. This has been amazing you.
- 38:47Speaker 1: I have thoroughly enjoyed this. You are a wealth of
- 38:52Speaker 1: knowledge and so articulate, and I feel like this is
- 38:56Speaker 1: a really will an incredible challenging topic. You're you talk
- 39:02Speaker 1: about it in a way that's very digestible. Pieces that
- 39:06Speaker 1: are there, they're they're applicable and you know, understandable. So
- 39:11Speaker 1: I really appreciate this and your time. So you can
- 39:15Speaker 1: get in touch with doctor Zuckerman. You could buy her books,
- 39:18Speaker 1: learn about her coaching and therapy services on her website
- 39:21Speaker 1: doctor Jamie Zuckerman dot com, or visit her YouTube channel
- 39:26Speaker 1: at doctor Jamie Zuckerman. It's j A, I M E. Jamie.
- 39:32Speaker 1: Thank you so much for your time today. Is there
- 39:35Speaker 1: anything else you want to say?
- 39:36Speaker 2: No, just thank you for talking about this topic. It's
- 39:39Speaker 2: it's so important, especially you know, with everything being watered
- 39:42Speaker 2: down about it. So I'm really, you know, just thankful
- 39:45Speaker 2: for you for doing this. You'll help a lot of people.
- 39:47Speaker 2: So thank you.
- 39:48Speaker 1: Great, my pleasure. It's been wonderful to meet you. Thank
- 39:51Speaker 1: you so much.