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Men Like Gods Book 1 Chapter 5 - The Governance and History of Utopia · The H. G. Wells Library

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  Speaker 1: Section five of Men Like Gods. This is a LibriVox recording.
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  Speaker 1: All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more
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  Speaker 1: information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Men
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  Speaker 1: Like Gods by H. G. Wells, Book one, chapter the fifth,
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  Speaker 1: The Governance and History of Utopia. One came a pause.
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  Speaker 1: The Earthlings looked at one another, and their gaze seemed
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  Speaker 1: to converge upon mister Cecil Burley. That statesman feigned to
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  Speaker 1: be unaware of the general expectation rupert, he said, won't
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  Speaker 1: you I reserve my comments? Said mister Catskill, Father Amerton,
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  Speaker 1: you are accustomed to treat of other worlds, not in
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  Speaker 1: your present since mister Cecil. No, but what am I
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  Speaker 1: to tell them what you think of it? Said mister Barnstable. Exactly,
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  Speaker 1: said mister Caskell, tell them what you think of it.
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  Speaker 1: No one else appeared to be worthy of consideration. Mister
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  Speaker 1: Burley rose slowly and walked thoughtfully to the center of
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  Speaker 1: the semicircle. He grasped his coat lapels and remained for
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  Speaker 1: some moments with face downcast, as if considering what he
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  Speaker 1: was about to say. Mister Serpentine, he began at last,
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  Speaker 1: raising a candid countenance, and regarding the blue sky above
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  Speaker 1: the distant lake through his glasses, Ladies and gentlemen, he
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  Speaker 1: was about to make a speech as though he was
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  Speaker 1: at a Primrose League, garden party or Geneva. It was preposterous,
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  Speaker 1: and yet what else was there to be done? I
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  Speaker 1: must confess, sir, that although I am by no means
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  Speaker 1: an office at public speaking, I find myself on this
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  Speaker 1: occasion somewhat at a loss. Your admirable discourse, Sir, simple, direct, lucid, compact,
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  Speaker 1: and rising at times to passages of unaffected eloquence, has
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  Speaker 1: set me a pattern I would fain follow, and before which,
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  Speaker 1: in all modesty, I quail you ask me to tell you,
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  Speaker 1: as plainly and clearly as possible, the outlined facts as
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  Speaker 1: we conceive them about this kindred world out of which,
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  Speaker 1: with so little premeditation we have come to you. So
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  Speaker 1: far as my poor powers of understanding or discussing such
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  Speaker 1: recondite matters go, I do not think I can better,
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  Speaker 1: or indeed supplement in any way your marvelous exposition of
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  Speaker 1: the mathematical aspects of the case. What you have told
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  Speaker 1: us embodies the latest finest thoughts of terrestrial science, and
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  Speaker 1: goes indeed far beyond our current ideas on certain matters, in,
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  Speaker 1: for example, the relationship of time and gravitation. I feel
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  Speaker 1: bound to admit that I do not go with you,
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  Speaker 1: But that is rather a failure to understand your position
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  Speaker 1: than any positive dissent upon the broader aspects of the case.
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  Speaker 1: There need be no difficulties between us. We accept your
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  Speaker 1: main proposition unreservedly, namely, that we conceive ourselves to be
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  Speaker 1: living in a parallel universe to yours, on a planet
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  Speaker 1: the very brother of your own, indeed quite amazingly like yours,
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  Speaker 1: hav in regard to all the possible contrasts we might
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  Speaker 1: have found here, we are attracted by and strongly disposed
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  Speaker 1: to accept your view that our system is, in all
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  Speaker 1: probability a little less seasoned and mellowed by the touch
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  Speaker 1: of time than yours, short perhaps by some hundreds or
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  Speaker 1: some thousands of years of your experiences. Assuming this, it
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  Speaker 1: is inevitable, sir, that a certain humility should mingle in
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  Speaker 1: our attitude towards you. As your juniors. It becomes us
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  Speaker 1: not to instruct, but to learn. It is for us
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  Speaker 1: to ask, what have you done? To what have you reached,
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  Speaker 1: rather than to display to you with an artless arrogance
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  Speaker 1: all that still remains for us to learn and do. No,
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  Speaker 1: said mister Barnstable to himself, but half audible. This is
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  Speaker 1: a dream, if it were any one else. He rubbed
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  Speaker 1: his knuckles into his eyes and opened them again. And
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  Speaker 1: there he was still sitting next to mister Mush in
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  Speaker 1: the midst of these Olympian divinities. And mister Burley, that
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  Speaker 1: polished skeptic, who never believed, was never astonished, was leaning
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  Speaker 1: forward on his toes and speaking, speaking with the assurance
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  Speaker 1: of a man who has made ten thousand speeches. He
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  Speaker 1: could not have been more sure of himself and his
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  Speaker 1: audience in the Gwidall Hall in London, and they were
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  Speaker 1: understanding him, which was absurd. There was nothing to do
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  Speaker 1: but to fall in with this stupendous absurdity and sit
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  Speaker 1: and listen. Sometimes mister Barnstable's mind wandered altogether from what
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  Speaker 1: mister Burley was saying. Then it returned and hung desperately
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  Speaker 1: to his discourse in his halting parliamentary way, his hands
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  Speaker 1: trifling with his glasses or clinging to the lapels of
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  Speaker 1: his coat. Mister Burley was giving Utopia a brief account
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  Speaker 1: of the world of men seeking to be elementary and
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  Speaker 1: lucid and reasonable, telling them of states and of empires,
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  Speaker 1: of wars and the Great War, of economic organization and disorganization,
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  Speaker 1: of revolutions and Bolshevism, of the terrible Russian famine that
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  Speaker 1: was beginning, of the difficulties of finding honest statesmen and officials,
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  Speaker 1: and of the unhelpfulness of newspapers, of all the dark
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  Speaker 1: and troubled spectacle of human life. Serpentine had used the
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  Speaker 1: term the last age of confusion, and mister Burley had
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  Speaker 1: seized upon the phrase and was making much of it.
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  Speaker 1: It was a great oratorical impromptu. It must have gone
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  Speaker 1: on for an hour, and the Utopians listened with keen,
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  Speaker 1: attentive faces, now and then nodding their acceptance and recognition
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  Speaker 1: of this statement, or that very like would come tapping
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  Speaker 1: into mister Barnstable's brain, with us also in the age
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  Speaker 1: of confusion. At last, mister Burley, with the steady deliberation
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  Speaker 1: of an old parliamentary hand, drew to his end compliments.
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  Speaker 1: He bowed he had done. Mister Mush startled everyone by
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  Speaker 1: vigorous hand clapping, in which no one else joined. The
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  Speaker 1: tension in mister Barnstable's mind had become intolerable. He leaped
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  Speaker 1: to his feet. Two he stood, making those weak propitatory
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  Speaker 1: gestures that come so naturally to the inexperienced speaker. Ladies
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  Speaker 1: and gentlemen, he said, the Utopians, mister Burley, I crave
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  Speaker 1: your pardon for a moment. There is a little matter urgent.
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  Speaker 1: For a brief interval, he was speechless. Then he found
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  Speaker 1: attention and encouragement in the eye of Earthred. Something I
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  Speaker 1: don't understand, something incredible, I mean incompatible. The little rift
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  Speaker 1: turns everything into a fantastic phantasmagoria. The intelligence in Arthred's
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  Speaker 1: eye was very encouraging. Mister Barnstable abandoned any attempt to
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  Speaker 1: address the company as a whole and spoke directly to Earthred.
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  Speaker 1: You live in Utopia, hundreds of thousands of years in
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  Speaker 1: advance of us. How is it that you are able
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  Speaker 1: to talk contemporary English, to use exactly the same language
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  Speaker 1: we do? I ask you, how is that? It is incredible?
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  Speaker 1: It jars, It makes a dream of you, and yet
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  Speaker 1: you are not a dream. It makes me feel almost
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  Speaker 1: insane Erthred smiled, pleasantly. We don't speak English, he said.
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  Speaker 1: Mister Barnstable felt the ground slipping from under his feet.
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  Speaker 1: But I hear you speaking English, he said. Nevertheless, we
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  Speaker 1: do not speak it, said Erthred. He smiled still more broadly,
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  Speaker 1: we don't for ordinary purposes speak anything. Mister Barnstable, with
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  Speaker 1: his brain resigning its functions, maintained his pose of deferential
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  Speaker 1: attention ages ago. Erthred continued, We certainly used to speak languages.
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  Speaker 1: We made sounds, and we heard word sounds. People used
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  Speaker 1: to think, and then chose and arranged words and uttered them.
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  Speaker 1: The hearer heard, noted, and re translated the sounds into ideas. Then,
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  Speaker 1: in some manner which we still do not understand perfectly,
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  Speaker 1: people began to get the idea before it was clothed
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  Speaker 1: in words and uttered in sounds. They began to hear
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  Speaker 1: in their minds as soon as the speaker had arranged
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  Speaker 1: his ideas, and before he put them into word symbols.
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  Speaker 1: Even in his own mind, they knew what he was
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  Speaker 1: going to say before he said it. This direct transmission
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  Speaker 1: presently became common. It was found out that with a
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  Speaker 1: little effort, most people could get over to each other
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  Speaker 1: in this fashion. To some extent, and the new mode
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  Speaker 1: of communication was developed systematically. That is what we do
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  Speaker 1: now habitually in this world. We think directly to each other.
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  Speaker 1: We did determined to convey the thought, and it is
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  Speaker 1: conveyed at once, provided the distance is not too great.
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  Speaker 1: We use sounds in this world now only for poetry
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  Speaker 1: and pleasure in moments of emotion, or to shout at
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  Speaker 1: a distance or with animals, not for the transmission of
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  Speaker 1: ideas from human mind to kindred human mind any more.
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  Speaker 1: When I think to you, the thought, so far as
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  Speaker 1: it finds corresponding ideas and suitable words in your mind,
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  Speaker 1: is reflected in your mind. My thought clothes itself in
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  Speaker 1: words in your mind, which words you seem to hear,
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  Speaker 1: and naturally enough in your own language and your own
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  Speaker 1: habitual phrases. Very probably the members of your party are
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  Speaker 1: hearing what I am saying to you, each with his
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  Speaker 1: own individual difference of vocabulary and phrasing. Mister Barnstable had
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  Speaker 1: been punctuating this discourse with sharp, intelligent nods coming now
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  Speaker 1: and then to the verge of interruption. Now he broke
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  Speaker 1: out with And that is why occasionally, as for instance,
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  Speaker 1: when mister Serpentine made his wonderful explanation. Just now, when
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  Speaker 1: you soar into ideas of which we haven't even a
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  Speaker 1: shadow in our minds, we just hear nothing at all.
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  Speaker 1: Are there such gaps, asked Arthred. Many, I fear for
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  Speaker 1: all of us, said mister Burley. It's like being deaf
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  Speaker 1: in spots, said Lady Stella, large spots. Father Amerton nodded agreement.
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  Speaker 1: And that is why we cannot be clear whether you
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  Speaker 1: are called Arthred or Adam, and why I have found
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  Speaker 1: myself confusing arden and green trees and forest in my mind.
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  Speaker 1: I hope that now you are mentally more at your ease,
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  Speaker 1: said Arthred. Oh quite, said mister Barnstable. Quite, And all
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  Speaker 1: things considered, it is really very convenient for us that
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  Speaker 1: there should be this method of transmission or otherwise I
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  Speaker 1: do not see how we could have avoided weeks of
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  Speaker 1: linguistic bother first principles of our respective grammars, logic significs,
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  Speaker 1: and so forth boring stuff for the most part, before
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  Speaker 1: we could have got to anything like our present understanding.
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  Speaker 1: A very good point, indeed, said mister Burley, turning round
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  Speaker 1: to mister Barnstable in a very friendly way. A very
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  Speaker 1: good point. Indeed, I should never have noted it if
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  Speaker 1: you had not called my attention to it. It is
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  Speaker 1: quite extraordinary I had not noted anything of this, this difference.
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  Speaker 1: I was occupied. I am bound to confess by my
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  Speaker 1: own thoughts. I suppose they were speaking English. Took it
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  Speaker 1: for granted. Three It seemed to mister Barnstable that this
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  Speaker 1: wonderful experience was now so complete that there remained nothing
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  Speaker 1: more to wonder at except its absolute credibility. He sat
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  Speaker 1: in this beautiful little building, looking out upon dreamland flowers
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  Speaker 1: and the sunlit lake. Amidst this strange mingling of weak
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  Speaker 1: end English costumes and this more than Olympian nudity that
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  Speaker 1: had already ceased to startle him. He listened and occasionally
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  Speaker 1: participated in the long informal conversation that now ensued. It
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  Speaker 1: was a discussion that brought to light the most amazing
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  Speaker 1: and fundamental differences of moral and social outlook. Yet everything
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  Speaker 1: had now assumed a reality that made it altogether natural
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  Speaker 1: to suppose that he would presently go home to write
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  Speaker 1: about it in the Liberal and tell his wife as
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  Speaker 1: much as might be advisable at the time about the
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  Speaker 1: manners and costumes of this hitherto undiscovered world. He had
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  Speaker 1: not even a sense of intervening distances. Sidonum might have
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  Speaker 1: been just round the corner. Presently, two pretty young girls
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  Speaker 1: made tea and an equipage among the rhododendra, and brought
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  Speaker 1: it round to people. Tea. It was what we should
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  Speaker 1: call China tea, very delicate and served in little cups
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  Speaker 1: without handles Chinese fashion. But it was real and very
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  Speaker 1: refreshing tea. The earlier curiosities of the Earthlings turned upon
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  Speaker 1: methods of government. This was perhaps natural in the presence
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  Speaker 1: of two statesmen as mister Burley and mister Catskill. What
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  Speaker 1: form of government do you have, asked mister Burley. Is
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  Speaker 1: it a monarchy or an autocracy or a pure democracy?
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  Speaker 1: Do you separate the executive and legislative? And is there
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  Speaker 1: one central government for all your planet? Or are there
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  Speaker 1: several governing centers. It was conveyed to mister Burley and
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  Speaker 1: his companions with some difficulty that there was no central
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  Speaker 1: government in Utopia at all. But surely, said mister Burley,
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  Speaker 1: there is someone or something, some council or bureau or
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  Speaker 1: what not somewhere with which the final decision rests in
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  Speaker 1: case of collective action for the and welfare some ultimate
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  Speaker 1: seat and organ of sovereignty. It seems to me there
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  Speaker 1: must be no The Utopians declared there was no such
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  Speaker 1: concentration of authority in their world. In the past, there
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  Speaker 1: had been, but it had long since diffused back into
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  Speaker 1: the general body of the community. Decisions in regard to
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  Speaker 1: any particular matter were made by the people who know
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  Speaker 1: most about that matter. But suppose it is a decision
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  Speaker 1: that has to be generally observed, a rule affecting the
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  Speaker 1: public health, for example, who would enforce it? It would
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  Speaker 1: not need to be enforced. Why should it? But suppose
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  Speaker 1: someone refused to obey your regulation, we should inquire why
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  Speaker 1: he or she did not conform. There might be some
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  Speaker 1: exceptional reason, But failing that, we should make an inquiry
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  Speaker 1: into his mental and moral health. The doctor takes the
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  Speaker 1: place of the policeman, said mister Burley. I should prefer
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  Speaker 1: the policeman, said mister Rupert Caskill. You would, Rupert, said
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  Speaker 1: mister Burley, as who should say, got you that time? Then?
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  Speaker 1: Do you mean to say? He continued, addressing the Utopians
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  Speaker 1: with an expression of great intelligence, that your affairs are
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  Speaker 1: all managed by special bodies or organizations. One scarcely knows
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  Speaker 1: what to call them, without any coordination of their activities.
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  Speaker 1: The activities of our world, said Arthred, are all coordinated
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  Speaker 1: to secure the general freedom. We have a number of
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  Speaker 1: intelligences directed to the general psychology of the race and
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  Speaker 1: to the interaction of one collective function upon another. Well.
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  Speaker 1: Isn't that group of intelligences a governing class, said mister Burley,
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  Speaker 1: Not in the sense that the exie any arbitrary will,
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  Speaker 1: said her threat. They deal with general relations, that is all,
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  Speaker 1: But they rake no higher They have no more precedence
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  Speaker 1: on that account than a philosopher has over a scientific specialist.
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  Speaker 1: This is a republican deed, said mister Burley. But how
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  Speaker 1: it works and how it came about I cannot imagine.
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  Speaker 1: Your state is probably a highly socialistic one. You still
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  Speaker 1: live in a world in which nearly everything except the air,
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  Speaker 1: the high roads, the high seas, and the wilderness is
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  Speaker 1: privately owned. We do, said mister Catskill, owned and competed for.
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  Speaker 1: We have been through that stage. We found at last
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  Speaker 1: that private property in all but very personal things is
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  Speaker 1: an intolerable nuisance to mankind. We got rid of it.
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  Speaker 1: An artist or a scientific man has complete control of
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  Speaker 1: all the material he needs. We all own our own
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  Speaker 1: tools and appliances, and have rooms and places of our own,
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  Speaker 1: but there is no property for trade or speculation. All
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  Speaker 1: this militant property, this property of maneuver, has been quite
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  Speaker 1: got rid of. But how we got rid of it
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  Speaker 1: is a long story. It was not done in a
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  Speaker 1: few years. The exaggeration of private property was an entirely
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  Speaker 1: natural and necessary stage in the development of human nature.
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  Speaker 1: It led, at last to monstrous results. But it was
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  Speaker 1: only through these monstrous and catastrophic results that men learnt
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  Speaker 1: the need and nature of the limitations of private property.
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  Speaker 1: Mister Burley had assumed an attitude which was obviously habitual
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  Speaker 1: to him. He sat very low in his chair, with
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  Speaker 1: his long legs crossed in front of him, and the
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  Speaker 1: thumb and fingers of one hand placed with meticulous exactness
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  Speaker 1: against those of the other. I must confess, he said,
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  Speaker 1: that I am most interested in the peculiar form of
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  Speaker 1: anarchism which seem to prevail here. Unless I misunderstand you completely,
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  Speaker 1: every man attends to his own business as the servant
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  Speaker 1: of the state. I take it you have you must
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  Speaker 1: correct me if I am wrong. A great number of
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  Speaker 1: people concerned in the production and distribution and preparation of food.
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  Speaker 1: They inquire, I assume, into the needs of the world.
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  Speaker 1: They satisfy them, and they are a law unto themselves
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  Speaker 1: in their way of doing it. They conduct researches, they
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  Speaker 1: make experiments. Nobody compels, obliges, restrains, or prevents them. People
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  Speaker 1: talk to them about it, said Earthred, with a faint smile.
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  Speaker 1: And again others produce a manufacture and study metals for
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  Speaker 1: all mankind, and are also a law unto themselves. Others again,
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  Speaker 1: see to the habitability of your world, plan and arrange
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  Speaker 1: these delightful habitations. Say who shall use them and how
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  Speaker 1: they shall be used. Others pursue pure science. Others experiment
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  Speaker 1: with sensory and imaginative possibilities, and are artists. Others again
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  Speaker 1: teach they are very important, said likeness, and they do
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  Speaker 1: it in harmony, in due proportion, without either a central
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  Speaker 1: legislature or executive I will admit that all this seems admirable,
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  Speaker 1: but impossible. Nothing of the sort has ever been suggested
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  Speaker 1: yet in the world from which we come, something of
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  Speaker 1: the sort was suggested long ago by the Guild Socialists,
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  Speaker 1: said mister Barnstable. Dear me, said mister Burley, I know
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  Speaker 1: very little about the Guild Socialists. Who were they tell me.
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  Speaker 1: Mister Barnstable tacitly declined that task. The idea is quite
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  Speaker 1: familiar to our younger peer people, he said. Lasky calls
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  Speaker 1: it the pluralistic state, as distinguished from the monistic state
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  Speaker 1: in which sovereignty is concentrated. Even the Chinese have it
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  Speaker 1: a piquin. Professor mister S. C. Chang has written a
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  Speaker 1: pamphlet on what he calls professionalism. I read it only
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  Speaker 1: a few weeks ago. He sent it to the Office
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  Speaker 1: of the Liberal. He points out how undesirable it is
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  Speaker 1: and how unnecessary for China to pass through a phase
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  Speaker 1: of democratic politics on the Western model. He wants China
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  Speaker 1: to go right straight on to a collateral independence of
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  Speaker 1: functional classes mandarins, industrials, agricultural workers and so forth, much
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  Speaker 1: as we seem to find it here, though that of
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  Speaker 1: course involves an educational revolution. Decidedly, the germ of what
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  Speaker 1: you call anarchism here is also in the air where
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  Speaker 1: we come from, dear me, said mister Burley, looking more intelligent,
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  Speaker 1: appreciative than ever, and is that so I had no
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  Speaker 1: idea four. The conversation continued desultory in form and yet
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  Speaker 1: the exchange of ideas was rapid and effective. Quite soon,
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  Speaker 1: as it seemed to mister Barnstable, an outline of the
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  Speaker 1: history of Utopia, from the Last Age of Confusion onward
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  Speaker 1: shaped itself in his mind. The more he learned of
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  Speaker 1: that last Age of Confusion, the more it seemed to
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  Speaker 1: resemble the present time on Earth. In those days, the
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  Speaker 1: Utopians had worn abundant clothing and lived in towns quite
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  Speaker 1: after the earthly fashion. A fortunate conspiracy of accidents, rather
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  Speaker 1: than any set design, had opened for them some centuries
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  Speaker 1: of opportunity and expansion. Climatic phases, and political chances had
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  Speaker 1: smiled upon the race. After a long period of recurrent shortage, pestilence,
• 22:57
  Speaker 1: and destructive warfare. For the first time, the Utopians had
• 23:01
  Speaker 1: been able to explore the whole planet on which they lived,
• 23:04
  Speaker 1: and these explorations had brought great virgin areas Under the axe,
• 23:08
  Speaker 1: the spade and the plow. There had been an enormous
• 23:12
  Speaker 1: increase in real wealth and in leisure and liberty. Many
• 23:16
  Speaker 1: thousands of people were lifted out of the normal squalor
• 23:18
  Speaker 1: of human life to positions in which they could, if
• 23:22
  Speaker 1: they chose, think and act with unprecedented freedom. A few,
• 23:27
  Speaker 1: a sufficient few did. A vigorous development of scientific inquiry began,
• 23:32
  Speaker 1: and trailing after it, a multitude of ingenious inventions produced
• 23:37
  Speaker 1: a great enlargement of practical human power. There had been
• 23:41
  Speaker 1: previous outbreaks of the scientific intelligence in Utopia, but none
• 23:46
  Speaker 1: before had ever occurred in such favorable circumstances or lasted
• 23:50
  Speaker 1: long enough to come to abundant practical fruition. Now, in
• 23:54
  Speaker 1: a couple of brief centuries, the Utopians, who had hitherto
• 23:58
  Speaker 1: crawled about their planet like sluggish ants or traveled parasitically
• 24:03
  Speaker 1: on larger and swifter animals, found themselves able to fly
• 24:06
  Speaker 1: rapidly or speak instantaneously to any other point on the planet.
• 24:11
  Speaker 1: They found themselves, too, in possession of mechanical power on
• 24:15
  Speaker 1: a scale beyond all previous experience, and not simply of
• 24:19
  Speaker 1: mechanical power. Physiological and then psychological science followed in the
• 24:24
  Speaker 1: wake of physics and chemistry, and extraordinary possibilities of control
• 24:29
  Speaker 1: over his own body and over his social life dawned
• 24:32
  Speaker 1: upon the Utopian But these things came, when at last,
• 24:36
  Speaker 1: they did come so rapidly and confusingly that it was
• 24:40
  Speaker 1: only a small minority of people who realized the possibilities
• 24:44
  Speaker 1: as distinguished from the concrete achievements of this tremendous expansion
• 24:48
  Speaker 1: of knowledge. The rest took the novel inventions as they came, haphazard,
• 24:54
  Speaker 1: with as little adjustment as possible of their thoughts and
• 24:57
  Speaker 1: ways of living to the new necessities the use novelties implied.
• 25:02
  Speaker 1: The first response of the general population of Utopia to
• 25:05
  Speaker 1: the prospect of power, leisure, and freedom thus opened out
• 25:08
  Speaker 1: to it was proliferation. It behaved just as senselessly and
• 25:13
  Speaker 1: mechanically as any other animal or vegetable species would have done.
• 25:18
  Speaker 1: It bred until it had completely swamped the ampler opportunity
• 25:21
  Speaker 1: that had opened before it. It spent the great gifts
• 25:24
  Speaker 1: of science as rapidly as it got them, in a
• 25:27
  Speaker 1: mere insensate multiplication of the common life. At one time,
• 25:32
  Speaker 1: in the last age of Confusion, the population of Utopia
• 25:35
  Speaker 1: had mounted to over two thousand million. But what is
• 25:39
  Speaker 1: it now, asked mister Burley about two hundred and fifty million.
• 25:44
  Speaker 1: The Utopians told him that had been the maximum population
• 25:48
  Speaker 1: that could live a fully developed life upon the surface
• 25:51
  Speaker 1: of Utopia, But now, with increasing resources, the population was
• 25:56
  Speaker 1: being increased. A gasp of horror came from Fogg Amerton.
• 26:01
  Speaker 1: He had been dreading this realization for some time. It
• 26:04
  Speaker 1: struck at his moral foundations. And you dare to regulate increase?
• 26:11
  Speaker 1: You controlled it. Your women consent to bear children as
• 26:14
  Speaker 1: they are needed, or refrain, of course, said Arthread. Why not?
• 26:22
  Speaker 1: I feared as much, said Father Amerton, and leaning forward,
• 26:26
  Speaker 1: he covered his face with his hands, murmuring, I felt
• 26:29
  Speaker 1: this in the atmosphere, the human stud farm refusing to
• 26:34
  Speaker 1: create souls. The wickedness of it, Oh my god. Mister
• 26:40
  Speaker 1: Burley regarded the emotion of the Reverend Gentleman through his
• 26:43
  Speaker 1: glasses with a slightly shocked expression. He detested catchwords, but
• 26:49
  Speaker 1: Father Amerton stood for very valuable conservative elements in the community.
• 26:53
  Speaker 1: Mister Burley turned to the Utopian again. This is extremely interesting,
• 26:58
  Speaker 1: he said. Even at present our earth contrives to carry
• 27:03
  Speaker 1: a population of at least five times that amount, but
• 27:07
  Speaker 1: twenty millions or so will starve this winter. You told
• 27:11
  Speaker 1: us a little while ago in a place called Russia,
• 27:15
  Speaker 1: and only a very small proportion of the rest are
• 27:18
  Speaker 1: leading what even you would call full and spacious lives. Nevertheless,
• 27:24
  Speaker 1: the contrast is very striking, said mister Burley. It is terrible,
• 27:29
  Speaker 1: said Father Amerton. The overcrowding of the planet in the
• 27:34
  Speaker 1: last age of confusion was these utopians insisted, the fundamental
• 27:39
  Speaker 1: evil out of which all the others that afflicted the
• 27:41
  Speaker 1: race arose. An overwhelming flood of newcomers poured into the
• 27:47
  Speaker 1: world and swamped every effort the intelligent minority could make
• 27:50
  Speaker 1: to educate a su efficient proportion of them to meet
• 27:53
  Speaker 1: the demands of the new and still rapidly changing conditions
• 27:56
  Speaker 1: of life. And the intelligent minory was not itself in
• 28:01
  Speaker 1: any position to control the racial destiny. These great masses
• 28:06
  Speaker 1: of population that had been blundered into existence, swayed by
• 28:10
  Speaker 1: damaged and decaying traditions, and amnimal to the crude of suggestions,
• 28:15
  Speaker 1: were the natural prey and support of every adventurer with
• 28:18
  Speaker 1: a mind blatant enough and a conception of success course
• 28:21
  Speaker 1: enough to appeal to them. The economic system, clumsily and
• 28:27
  Speaker 1: convulsively reconstructed to meet the new conditions of mechanical production
• 28:30
  Speaker 1: and distribution, became more and more a cruel and impudent
• 28:34
  Speaker 1: exploitation of the multitudinous congestion of the common man by
• 28:38
  Speaker 1: the predatory and acquisitive view that all too common common
• 28:43
  Speaker 1: man was hustled through misery and subjection from his cradle
• 28:47
  Speaker 1: to his grave. He was cajoled and lied to, He
• 28:51
  Speaker 1: was bought, sold, and dominated by an impudent minority, bolder
• 28:55
  Speaker 1: and no doubt more energetic, but in all other respects,
• 28:59
  Speaker 1: no more intelligence than himself. It was difficult, Erthred said,
• 29:04
  Speaker 1: for a utopian nowadays to convey the monstrous stupidity, wastefulness,
• 29:08
  Speaker 1: and vulgarity to which these rich and powerful men of
• 29:12
  Speaker 1: the last age of confusion attained. We will not trouble you,
• 29:16
  Speaker 1: said mister Burley, unhappily we know we know only too well,
• 29:22
  Speaker 1: do we know? Upon this festering, excessive mass of population
• 29:28
  Speaker 1: disasters descended at last, like wasps upon a heap of
• 29:32
  Speaker 1: rotting fruit. It was its natural, inevitable destiny. A war
• 29:37
  Speaker 1: that affected nearly the whole planet, dislocated its flimsy financial
• 29:41
  Speaker 1: system and most of its economic machinery beyond any possibility
• 29:46
  Speaker 1: of repair. Civil wars and clumsily conceived attempts at social
• 29:50
  Speaker 1: revolution continued the disorganization. A series of years of bad
• 29:55
  Speaker 1: weather accentuated the general shortage. The exploiting adventurers, too stupid
• 30:00
  Speaker 1: to realize what had happened, continued to cheat and hoodwink
• 30:04
  Speaker 1: the commonality and burk any rally of honest men. As
• 30:08
  Speaker 1: wasps will continue to eat even after their bodies have
• 30:11
  Speaker 1: been cut away. The effort to make passed out of
• 30:15
  Speaker 1: utopian life triumphantly superseded by the effort to get production
• 30:21
  Speaker 1: dwindled down towards the vanishing point. Accumulated wealth vanished, an
• 30:27
  Speaker 1: overwhelming system of debt, a swarm of creditors morally incapable
• 30:32
  Speaker 1: of helpful renunciation crushed out all fresh initiative. The long
• 30:37
  Speaker 1: diastily in utopian affairs that had begun with the great
• 30:41
  Speaker 1: discoveries passed into a phase of rapid sistily. What plenty
• 30:46
  Speaker 1: and pleasure was still possible in the world was filched
• 30:49
  Speaker 1: all the more greedily by the adventurers of finance and
• 30:53
  Speaker 1: speculative business. Organized science had long since been commercialized, and
• 30:58
  Speaker 1: was applied now chiefly to a hunt for profitable patents
• 31:02
  Speaker 1: and the forestalling of necessary supplies. The neglected lamp of
• 31:06
  Speaker 1: pure science waned, flickered, and seemed likely to go out
• 31:10
  Speaker 1: again altogether, leaving Utopia in the beginning of a new
• 31:15
  Speaker 1: series of dark ages, like those before the Age of
• 31:18
  Speaker 1: Discovery began. It is really very like a gloomy diagnosis
• 31:23
  Speaker 1: of our own outlook, said mister Burley, extraordinarily like how
• 31:29
  Speaker 1: Dean ch would have enjoyed all this to an infidel
• 31:33
  Speaker 1: of his stamp. No doubt it would seem most enjoyable,
• 31:37
  Speaker 1: said Father Amerton, a little incoherently. These comments annoyed mister Barnstable,
• 31:43
  Speaker 1: who was urgent to hear more, and then he said
• 31:47
  Speaker 1: to Erthred, what happened five? What happened, mister Barnstable gathered,
• 31:57
  Speaker 1: was a deliberate change in utopian thought. A growing number
• 32:01
  Speaker 1: of people were coming to understand that, amidst the powerful
• 32:05
  Speaker 1: and easily released forces that science and organization had brought
• 32:09
  Speaker 1: within reach of man, the old conception of social life
• 32:12
  Speaker 1: in the state as a limited and legalized struggle of
• 32:15
  Speaker 1: men and women to get the better of one another
• 32:18
  Speaker 1: was becoming too dangerous to endure. Just as the increased
• 32:22
  Speaker 1: dreadfulness of modern weapons was making the separate sovereignty of
• 32:25
  Speaker 1: nations too dangerous to endure. There had to be new
• 32:29
  Speaker 1: ideas and new conventions of human association if history was
• 32:33
  Speaker 1: not to end in disaster and collapse. All societies were
• 32:38
  Speaker 1: based on the limitation by laws and taboos and treaties
• 32:42
  Speaker 1: of the primordial, fierce combativeness of the ancestral man ape.
• 32:46
  Speaker 1: That ancient spirit of self assertion had now to undergo
• 32:50
  Speaker 1: new restrictions commensurate with the new powers and dangers of
• 32:54
  Speaker 1: the race. The idea of competition to possess as the
• 32:59
  Speaker 1: ruling idea of its intercourse was like some ill controlled
• 33:02
  Speaker 1: furnace threatening to consume the machine it had formerly driven.
• 33:07
  Speaker 1: The idea of creative service had to replace it. To
• 33:12
  Speaker 1: that idea. The human mind and will had to be
• 33:15
  Speaker 1: turned if social life was to be saved. Propositions that
• 33:20
  Speaker 1: had seemed in former ages to be inspired and exalted
• 33:23
  Speaker 1: idealism began now to be recognized not simply as sober
• 33:28
  Speaker 1: psychological truth, but as practical and urgently necessary truth. In
• 33:33
  Speaker 1: explaining this, Erthred explained himself in a manner that recalled
• 33:37
  Speaker 1: to mister Barnstable's mind certain very familiar phrases. He seemed
• 33:42
  Speaker 1: to be saying that whosoever would save his life should
• 33:46
  Speaker 1: lose it, and that whosoever would give his life should
• 33:49
  Speaker 1: thereby gain the whole world. Father Amerton's thoughts, it seemed,
• 33:54
  Speaker 1: were also responding in the same manner, for he suddenly
• 33:57
  Speaker 1: interrupted with, but what you are saying is a quotation?
• 34:03
  Speaker 1: Earthrid admitted that he had a quotation in mind, a
• 34:06
  Speaker 1: passage from the teachings of a man of great poetic
• 34:09
  Speaker 1: power who had lived long ago, in the days of
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: spoken words. He would have proceeded, but Father Emerton was
• 34:17
  Speaker 1: too excited to let him do so. But who was
• 34:21
  Speaker 1: this teacher? He asked? Where did he live? How was
• 34:25
  Speaker 1: he born? How did he die? A picture was flashed
• 34:29
  Speaker 1: upon mister Barnstable's consciousness of a solitary looking, pale faced figure,
• 34:34
  Speaker 1: beaten and bleeding, surrounded by armored guards, in the midst
• 34:38
  Speaker 1: of a thrusting, jostling, sun bit crowd which filled a narrow,
• 34:42
  Speaker 1: high walled street. Behind some huge, ugly implement was borne along,
• 34:48
  Speaker 1: dipping and swaying with the swing of the multitude. Did
• 34:53
  Speaker 1: he die upon the cross in this world? Also cried
• 34:56
  Speaker 1: Father Emerton. Did he die upon the cross this profit
• 35:01
  Speaker 1: in utopia, they learnt, had died very painfully, but not
• 35:05
  Speaker 1: upon the cross. He had been tortured in some way,
• 35:08
  Speaker 1: but neither the Utopians nor these particular earthlings had sufficient
• 35:12
  Speaker 1: knowledge of the technicalities of torture to get any idea
• 35:16
  Speaker 1: over about that. And then apparently he had been fastened
• 35:19
  Speaker 1: upon a slowly turning wheel and exposed until he died.
• 35:24
  Speaker 1: It was the abominable punishment of a cruel and conquering race,
• 35:28
  Speaker 1: and it had been inflicted upon him because his doctrine
• 35:31
  Speaker 1: of universal service had alarmed the rich and dominant who
• 35:34
  Speaker 1: did not serve. Mister Barnstable had a momentary vision of
• 35:38
  Speaker 1: a twisted figure upon that wheel of torture in the
• 35:41
  Speaker 1: blazing sun, and marvelous triumph over death. Out of a
• 35:45
  Speaker 1: world that could do such a deed had come this
• 35:48
  Speaker 1: great and peaceful, universal beauty about him. But Father Amerton
• 35:53
  Speaker 1: was pressing his questions. But did you not realize who
• 35:56
  Speaker 1: he was? Did not this world suspect a great many
• 36:01
  Speaker 1: people thought that this man was a god, but he
• 36:04
  Speaker 1: had been accustomed to call himself merely a son of
• 36:07
  Speaker 1: God or a son of man. Father Amerton stuck to
• 36:11
  Speaker 1: his point. But you worship him. Now we follow his teaching,
• 36:17
  Speaker 1: because it was wonderful and true, said arthread. But worship no,
• 36:25
  Speaker 1: but does nobody worship? There were those who worshiped him.
• 36:30
  Speaker 1: There were those who worshiped him. There were those who
• 36:34
  Speaker 1: quailed before the stern magnificence of his teaching, and yet
• 36:37
  Speaker 1: who had a tormenting sense that he was right in
• 36:40
  Speaker 1: some profound way. So they played a trick upon their
• 36:44
  Speaker 1: own uneasy consciences by treating him as a magical god
• 36:49
  Speaker 1: instead of as a light to their souls. They interwove
• 36:52
  Speaker 1: with his execution ancient traditions of sacrificial kings. Instead of
• 36:57
  Speaker 1: receiving him frankly and clearly and making him a part
• 37:00
  Speaker 1: of their understandings and wills, they pretended to eat him
• 37:04
  Speaker 1: mystically and make him a part of their bodies. They
• 37:07
  Speaker 1: turned his wheel into a miraculous symbol, and they confused
• 37:11
  Speaker 1: it with the equator, and the sun, and the ecliptic,
• 37:13
  Speaker 1: and indeed with anything else that was round. In cases
• 37:17
  Speaker 1: of ill luck, ill health, or bad weather, it was
• 37:20
  Speaker 1: believed to be very helpful for the believer to describe
• 37:23
  Speaker 1: a circle in the air with the forefinger. And since
• 37:27
  Speaker 1: this teacher's memory was very dear to the ignorant multitude
• 37:30
  Speaker 1: because of his gentleness and charity. It was seized upon
• 37:33
  Speaker 1: by cunning and aggressive types who constituted themselves champions and
• 37:37
  Speaker 1: exponents of the wheel, who grew rich and powerful in
• 37:41
  Speaker 1: its name, led people into great wars for its sake,
• 37:44
  Speaker 1: and used it as a cover and justification for envy, hatred, tyranny,
• 37:49
  Speaker 1: and dark desires. Until at last men said that had
• 37:54
  Speaker 1: that ancient prophet come again to Utopia, his own triumphant
• 37:58
  Speaker 1: wheel would have crushed and destroyed him afresh. Father Emerton
• 38:03
  Speaker 1: seemed inattentive to this communication. He was seeing it from
• 38:07
  Speaker 1: another angle. But surely, he said, there is a remnant
• 38:11
  Speaker 1: of believers, still despised, perhaps, but a remnant. There was
• 38:17
  Speaker 1: no remnant. The whole world followed that teacher of teachers,
• 38:21
  Speaker 1: but no one worshiped him. On some old treasured buildings,
• 38:25
  Speaker 1: the wheel was still to be seen, carved, often with
• 38:28
  Speaker 1: the most fantastic decorative elaborations, and in museums and collections
• 38:33
  Speaker 1: there were multitudes of pictures, images, charms and the like.
• 38:38
  Speaker 1: I don't understand this, said Father Emerton. It is too terrible.
• 38:43
  Speaker 1: I am at a loss. I do not understand six
• 38:52
  Speaker 1: A fair and rather slender man with a delicately beautiful face,
• 38:55
  Speaker 1: whose name mister Barnstable was to learn later was Lion.
• 38:59
  Speaker 1: Presently took over from Earthred the burden of explaining and
• 39:02
  Speaker 1: answering the questions of the earthlings. He was one of
• 39:06
  Speaker 1: the educational coordinators in Utopia. He made it clear that
• 39:10
  Speaker 1: the change over in Utopian affairs had been no sudden revolution,
• 39:14
  Speaker 1: no new system of laws and customs, no new method
• 39:18
  Speaker 1: of economic cooperation based on the idea of universal service
• 39:22
  Speaker 1: to the common good, had sprung abruptly into being complete
• 39:25
  Speaker 1: and finished. Throughout a long period before and during the
• 39:30
  Speaker 1: Last Age of Confusion, the foundations of the new state
• 39:33
  Speaker 1: were laid by a growing multitude of inquirers and workers,
• 39:37
  Speaker 1: having no set plan or preconceived method, but brought into
• 39:42
  Speaker 1: unconscious cooperation by a common impulse to service and a
• 39:46
  Speaker 1: common lucidity and veracity of mind. It was only towards
• 39:50
  Speaker 1: the climax of the Last Age of Confusion in Utopia
• 39:53
  Speaker 1: that psychological science began to develop with any vigor comparable
• 39:57
  Speaker 1: to the vigor of the development of geograph, ethical and
• 40:00
  Speaker 1: physical science during the preceding centuries, and the social and
• 40:05
  Speaker 1: economic disorder which was checking experimental science and crippling the
• 40:10
  Speaker 1: organized work of the universities, was stimulating inquiry into the
• 40:14
  Speaker 1: processes of human association and making it desperate and fearless.
• 40:19
  Speaker 1: The impression given mister Barnstable was not of one of
• 40:22
  Speaker 1: those violent changes which our world has learned to call revolutions,
• 40:26
  Speaker 1: but of an increase of light, a dawn of new ideas,
• 40:30
  Speaker 1: in which the things of the old order went on
• 40:32
  Speaker 1: for a time with diminishing vigor, until people began, as
• 40:36
  Speaker 1: a matter of common sense, to do the new things
• 40:39
  Speaker 1: in the place of the old. The beginnings of the
• 40:42
  Speaker 1: new order were in discussions, books, and psychological laboratories. The
• 40:47
  Speaker 1: soil in which it grew was found in schools and colleges.
• 40:51
  Speaker 1: The old order gave small rewards to the schoolmaster, but
• 40:55
  Speaker 1: its dominant types were too busy with the struggle for
• 40:57
  Speaker 1: wealth and power to take much heed of teaching. It
• 41:01
  Speaker 1: was left to any man or woman who would give
• 41:03
  Speaker 1: thought and labor, without much hope of tangible rewards, to
• 41:07
  Speaker 1: shape the world anew in the minds of the young,
• 41:10
  Speaker 1: and they did so, shape it in a world ruled
• 41:13
  Speaker 1: ostensibly by adventurer politicians, in a world where men came
• 41:17
  Speaker 1: to power through floundering business enterprises and financial cunning. It
• 41:22
  Speaker 1: was presently being taught and understood that extensive private property
• 41:26
  Speaker 1: was socially a nuisance, and that the state could not
• 41:29
  Speaker 1: do its work properly, nor education produced its proper results,
• 41:33
  Speaker 1: side by side with a class of irresponsible, rich people.
• 41:37
  Speaker 1: For by their very nature they assailed, they corrupted, they
• 41:41
  Speaker 1: undermined every state undertaking their flaunting existences, distorted and disguised
• 41:47
  Speaker 1: all the values of life. They had to go for
• 41:50
  Speaker 1: the good of the race, didn't they fight, asked mister
• 41:55
  Speaker 1: Catskill pugnaciously. They had fought, irregularly but fiercely. The fight
• 42:02
  Speaker 1: to delay or arrest the coming of the universal scientific state,
• 42:05
  Speaker 1: the educational state in Utopia had gone on as a
• 42:08
  Speaker 1: conscious struggle for nearly five centuries. The fight against it
• 42:13
  Speaker 1: was the fight of the greedy, passionate, prejudiced, and self
• 42:17
  Speaker 1: seeking men against the crystallization into concrete realities of this
• 42:21
  Speaker 1: new idea of association for service. It was fought wherever
• 42:26
  Speaker 1: ideas were spread. It was fought with dismissals and threats
• 42:30
  Speaker 1: and boycotts and storms of violence, with lies and false accusations,
• 42:35
  Speaker 1: with prosecutions and imprisonments, with lynching, rope, tar and feathers, paraffin,
• 42:40
  Speaker 1: bludgeon and rifle, bomb and gun. But the service of
• 42:45
  Speaker 1: the new idea that had been launched into the world
• 42:48
  Speaker 1: never failed. It seized upon the men and women it
• 42:51
  Speaker 1: needed with compelling power. Before the scientific state was established
• 42:55
  Speaker 1: in Utopia, more than a million martyrs had been killed
• 42:59
  Speaker 1: for it, and those who had suffered lesser wrongs were
• 43:02
  Speaker 1: beyond all reckoning. Point after point was one in education,
• 43:06
  Speaker 1: in social laws, in economic method No date could be
• 43:11
  Speaker 1: fixed for the change. A time came when Utopia perceived
• 43:15
  Speaker 1: that it was day, and that a new order of
• 43:17
  Speaker 1: things had replaced the old. So it must be, said
• 43:22
  Speaker 1: mister Barnstable, as though Utopia were not already printed about him.
• 43:27
  Speaker 1: So it must be a question was being answered. Every
• 43:32
  Speaker 1: Utopian child is taught to the full measure of its
• 43:36
  Speaker 1: possibilities and directed to the work that is indicated by
• 43:39
  Speaker 1: its desires and capacity. It is born well. It is
• 43:44
  Speaker 1: born of perfectly healthy parents. Its mother has chosen to
• 43:48
  Speaker 1: bear it after due thought and preparation. It grows up
• 43:52
  Speaker 1: under perfectly healthy conditions. Its natural impulses to play and
• 43:56
  Speaker 1: learn are gratified by the subtlest educational methods, hands, eyes,
• 44:01
  Speaker 1: and limbs are given every opportunity of training and growth.
• 44:05
  Speaker 1: It learns to draw, write, express itself, use a great
• 44:09
  Speaker 1: variety of symbols to assist and extend its thought. Kindness
• 44:13
  Speaker 1: and civility become ingrained habits for all about it are
• 44:17
  Speaker 1: kind and civil, and in particular, the growth of its
• 44:20
  Speaker 1: imagination is watched and encouraged. It learns the wonderful history
• 44:26
  Speaker 1: of its world and its race, how man has struggled
• 44:29
  Speaker 1: and still struggles out of its earlier animal narrowness and egotism,
• 44:33
  Speaker 1: towards an empire over being that is still but faintly
• 44:37
  Speaker 1: apprehended Through dense veils of ignorance, all its desires are
• 44:41
  Speaker 1: made fine. It learns from poetry, from example, and the
• 44:45
  Speaker 1: love of those about it, to lose its solicitude for itself.
• 44:49
  Speaker 1: In love, its sexual passions are turned against its selfishness.
• 44:53
  Speaker 1: Its curiosity flowers into scientific passion. Its combativeness is set
• 44:58
  Speaker 1: to fight disorder. Its inherent pride and ambition are directed
• 45:03
  Speaker 1: towards an honorable share in the common achievement. It goes
• 45:06
  Speaker 1: to the work that attracts it and chooses what it
• 45:09
  Speaker 1: will do If the individual is indolent. There is no
• 45:13
  Speaker 1: great loss. There is plenty for all in Utopia. But
• 45:17
  Speaker 1: then it will find no lovers, nor will it ever
• 45:20
  Speaker 1: bear children, because no one in Utopia loves those who
• 45:24
  Speaker 1: have neither energy nor distinction. There is much pride of
• 45:28
  Speaker 1: the mate in utopian love. And there is no idle,
• 45:31
  Speaker 1: rich society in Utopia, nor games and shows for the
• 45:35
  Speaker 1: mere looker on. There is nothing for the mere looker on.
• 45:39
  Speaker 1: It is a pleasant world, indeed for holidays, but not
• 45:42
  Speaker 1: for those who would continuously do nothing. For centuries now,
• 45:47
  Speaker 1: Utopian science has been able to discriminate among births, and
• 45:52
  Speaker 1: nearly every Utopian alive would have ranked as an energetic,
• 45:55
  Speaker 1: creative spirit in former days. There are few dull and
• 45:59
  Speaker 1: no real defective people in Utopia. The idle strains, the
• 46:04
  Speaker 1: people of lethargic dispositions or weak imaginations have mostly died out.
• 46:10
  Speaker 1: The melancholic type has taken its dismissal and gone. Spiteful
• 46:14
  Speaker 1: and malignant characters are disappearing. The vast majority of Utopians
• 46:20
  Speaker 1: are active, sanguine, inventive, receptive, and good tempered. And you
• 46:25
  Speaker 1: have not even a parliament, asked mister Burley, still incredulous.
• 46:30
  Speaker 1: Utopia has no parliament, no politics, no private wealth, no
• 46:35
  Speaker 1: business competition, no police nor prisons, no lunatics, no defectives
• 46:40
  Speaker 1: nor cripples. And it has none of these things because
• 46:43
  Speaker 1: it has schools and teachers, who are all that schools
• 46:46
  Speaker 1: and teachers can be. Politics, trade, and competition are the
• 46:51
  Speaker 1: methods of adjustment of a crude society. Such methods of
• 46:55
  Speaker 1: adjustment have been laid aside in Utopia for more than
• 46:58
  Speaker 1: a thousand years. There is no rule nor government needed
• 47:02
  Speaker 1: by adult Utopians because all the rule and government they
• 47:05
  Speaker 1: need they have had in childhood and youth. Said lyon,
• 47:10
  Speaker 1: our education is our government. End of Section five.