Latest / Space Nuts: Astronomy Insights & Cosmic Discoveries / #454: Universe's Speed Limits, Triple Star Systems & CME Mysteries

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#454: Universe's Speed Limits, Triple Star Systems & CME Mysteries · Space Nuts: Astronomy Insights & Cosmic Discoveries

• 0:00
  Speaker 1: Hi there, Thanks for joining us on a Q and
• 0:03
  Speaker 1: A edition of Space Nuts. My name is Andrew Uncley,
• 0:06
  Speaker 1: your host. Always good to have your company. And that
• 0:08
  Speaker 1: was Fread's chair coming up in this episode. You're not
• 0:14
  Speaker 1: supposed to be on yet. Coming up with this episode,
• 0:19
  Speaker 1: what if the expansion of the universe slowed down? Somebody
• 0:23
  Speaker 1: wants to know. We've also got a triple headed question
• 0:27
  Speaker 1: from Chris about three Sun systems merging black holes and attraction,
• 0:32
  Speaker 1: and we'll be answering a question about whether or not
• 0:34
  Speaker 1: we've collected matter from the coronal mass ejection, not the
• 0:38
  Speaker 1: a coronal mass ejection, because they happen a lot, and
• 0:42
  Speaker 1: if we've got time, we'll throw in another one, but
• 0:45
  Speaker 1: we'll work with what we've got in this Q and
• 0:47
  Speaker 1: A edition of Space Nuts.
• 0:50
  Speaker 2: Fifteen, Channel ten nine Ignition Space Nuts or three two.
• 1:02
  Speaker 3: Space Nurse.
• 1:04
  Speaker 1: When I bought it Neil Good, I didn't realize he
• 1:07
  Speaker 1: was here. He's so quiet. He's Professor Fred. What's on?
• 1:10
  Speaker 1: Hello Fred?
• 1:13
  Speaker 3: I apologize for my creaking chair, explained the chair was here,
• 1:18
  Speaker 3: but I wasn't. Well.
• 1:19
  Speaker 1: Yes, no, there it is. Mine doesn't do that, but
• 1:24
  Speaker 1: the microphone does. Don't think. No, it's not doing it now.
• 1:30
  Speaker 1: It's like taking a car to the mechanic. Oh, I've
• 1:32
  Speaker 1: got this noise. No you haven't. Yeah, I think.
• 1:36
  Speaker 3: Maybe I'll try a w D fourty or something.
• 1:38
  Speaker 1: Yes, and it's good stuff that I put it on
• 1:41
  Speaker 1: my breakfast. Now, let's let's get into some questions and
• 1:46
  Speaker 1: we've got it. We've got a few here. I think
• 1:48
  Speaker 1: we'll start off with Dave from the beautiful town of
• 1:52
  Speaker 1: Inverrel in northwestern New South Wales, which is known for
• 1:56
  Speaker 1: its gems. Gem fossicking very popular up there, Hi, Andrew
• 2:01
  Speaker 1: and Fred. Previously on the show, you've discussed how the
• 2:03
  Speaker 1: universe is expanding faster than the speed of light. Some
• 2:07
  Speaker 1: theories propose this expansion may continue, while others suggest the
• 2:11
  Speaker 1: expansion might eventually slow down. If the latter is correct,
• 2:15
  Speaker 1: could the expansion of the universe slow down to less
• 2:18
  Speaker 1: than the speed of light, therefore allowing light to overtake
• 2:22
  Speaker 1: the edge of the universe? Is this possible and could
• 2:26
  Speaker 1: light exist outside the universe? Day from Inverurrell. I've got
• 2:32
  Speaker 1: a feeling you're going to talk about the speed of
• 2:34
  Speaker 1: the expansion of the universe because it was faster than
• 2:37
  Speaker 1: the spread of light. Initially, but then it did slow down,
• 2:41
  Speaker 1: didn't it.
• 2:42
  Speaker 3: Yeah, it's a difficult one to discuss this because when
• 2:47
  Speaker 3: you talk about the expansion of the universe being faster
• 2:50
  Speaker 3: than the speed of light, what do you mean. What
• 2:53
  Speaker 3: you might mean is that two objects a certain distance
• 2:58
  Speaker 3: apart moving away from each other faster than the speed
• 3:02
  Speaker 3: of light, so that so that one will never see
• 3:06
  Speaker 3: the other. And that's the best way to think of it.
• 3:10
  Speaker 3: You're quite right that we think that during the first
• 3:13
  Speaker 3: tent to minus thirty three of a second or thereabouts,
• 3:17
  Speaker 3: a tiny, tiny length of time at the beginning of
• 3:20
  Speaker 3: the universe, after immediately after the Big Bang, we think
• 3:22
  Speaker 3: the expansion was colossal. That it, you know, the universe
• 3:26
  Speaker 3: changed shape by our changed size by ten to the
• 3:29
  Speaker 3: power fifteen ten to the minus thirty three of a second,
• 3:32
  Speaker 3: what we call the inflation period. We're always undername things here,
• 3:38
  Speaker 3: and certainly parts of you know, the universe. Bits of
• 3:42
  Speaker 3: the universe would have separated from other bits that faster
• 3:44
  Speaker 3: than the speed of light, which doesn't contravene special relativity,
• 3:48
  Speaker 3: as we've said before, because the universe can do anything
• 3:50
  Speaker 3: it likes. What we know is that things can't travel
• 3:53
  Speaker 3: through the universe faster than the speed of light, so
• 3:58
  Speaker 3: that theory that the universe might collapse in on itself
• 4:03
  Speaker 3: was really knocked on the head in nineteen ninety eight
• 4:07
  Speaker 3: with the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe
• 4:10
  Speaker 3: by my colleague Branch Bitt here in Australia and others
• 4:15
  Speaker 3: are overseas in the United States in fact, so that
• 4:22
  Speaker 3: basically said, no, we don't think the universe is going
• 4:26
  Speaker 3: to collapse an anymore. But in a way we're already
• 4:34
  Speaker 3: in the situation that Chris describes because the most distant
• 4:38
  Speaker 3: thing we can see, which is the cosmic microwave background radiation,
• 4:44
  Speaker 3: and that is a distance you know, effectively a thirteen
• 4:48
  Speaker 3: point eight billion years or look back time of thirteen
• 4:51
  Speaker 3: point eight billion years, that is not receding from us
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  Speaker 3: fastened the speed of light, and in fact it's receding
• 4:59
  Speaker 3: from us at the speed of light, and we can
• 5:01
  Speaker 3: still see it. And of course everything between us and
• 5:05
  Speaker 3: that is stuff that is nearer than the cosmic microwave
• 5:12
  Speaker 3: background radiation. So by definition all that stuff is not
• 5:16
  Speaker 3: moving at the speed of light, we can see it.
• 5:19
  Speaker 3: So it's all about horizons, what you can see and
• 5:22
  Speaker 3: what you can't see. And the horizon that really limits
• 5:25
  Speaker 3: our visibility now is the flash of the Big Bang.
• 5:28
  Speaker 3: You're looking so far back in time that you're seeing
• 5:30
  Speaker 3: that wall of radiation. It's now microwave radiation, hence the
• 5:34
  Speaker 3: name the cosmic microwave background radiation, and it's traveling away
• 5:39
  Speaker 3: from us. Yes, at the speed of light.
• 5:41
  Speaker 1: There you go. And he also wanted to know if
• 5:44
  Speaker 1: light could exist outside our universe. That's I guess that's
• 5:50
  Speaker 1: a speculator.
• 5:51
  Speaker 3: Yeah. Yeah, we really don't know much about the outside
• 5:55
  Speaker 3: of the universe, because universe by definition is everything that
• 5:59
  Speaker 3: we can perceive or think about. But yes, there are
• 6:03
  Speaker 3: people who think that I was might be just one
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  Speaker 3: of many universes, maybe were immersed in a higher dimensional void,
• 6:10
  Speaker 3: which would perhaps would have light. It might be more
• 6:15
  Speaker 3: appropriate to think, though, that outside the universe might not
• 6:19
  Speaker 3: have light, but might have gravity, because I think you
• 6:22
  Speaker 3: and I have talked about this before. The force of
• 6:26
  Speaker 3: gravity compared with the other fundamental forces in the universe,
• 6:30
  Speaker 3: and that's electromagnetic force and the strong and weak nuclear forces,
• 6:35
  Speaker 3: it's hundreds of billions of times weaker. The force of
• 6:39
  Speaker 3: gravity is much much, much weaker, and some people speculate
• 6:43
  Speaker 3: that that's because it leaks out of our universe space
• 6:47
  Speaker 3: between them.
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  Speaker 1: Right, Gosh, wouldn't you love to figure out what's they
• 6:50
  Speaker 1: out there? Go out there and it would answer so
• 6:54
  Speaker 1: many questions, I think. But all we can do is
• 6:58
  Speaker 1: speculate and wonder, and you know, we can't even see
• 7:01
  Speaker 1: past certain parts of the universe. So no, no, we've
• 7:05
  Speaker 1: got no idea. Really, it could be just you know,
• 7:08
  Speaker 1: some kind of void, or could be a used car
• 7:13
  Speaker 1: sales lot for all we know.
• 7:15
  Speaker 3: It's yes, it is. It called the void in Doctor Who.
• 7:19
  Speaker 1: I remember Michael Day. Yeah, maybe that's what snapped into
• 7:22
  Speaker 1: my brain.
• 7:23
  Speaker 3: Yeah, scientists call it the bulk. Actually, ah right, cosmology
• 7:28
  Speaker 3: physics name is the bulk, the bulk, it's the void
• 7:33
  Speaker 3: for doctor Who, Doctor Who?
• 7:36
  Speaker 1: Yes, indeed, Okay, Dave, thanks for your question. I hope
• 7:40
  Speaker 1: we managed to help you out there. Let's go to
• 7:42
  Speaker 1: our next question. This is this is a big question.
• 7:45
  Speaker 1: Chris has never asked us a question before, so he's
• 7:48
  Speaker 1: asked basically eight years worth of questions in one hit.
• 7:52
  Speaker 1: Take it away, Chris and he Professor Watson.
• 7:56
  Speaker 2: My name is Christopher Blue. I'm coming from coming to
• 8:00
  Speaker 2: from Hey. You go to North Carolina and the United
• 8:03
  Speaker 2: States of America. I love you guys podcasts. I work
• 8:06
  Speaker 2: as an infectious disease technologist, so I'm not allowed to
• 8:09
  Speaker 2: touch my phone. So what I do is I listened
• 8:11
  Speaker 2: to your podcast or eight hours a day, a days
• 8:14
  Speaker 2: a week, and I loved it. I'm not want to
• 8:16
  Speaker 2: change anything. I actually he's speaking to you from the past.
• 8:20
  Speaker 2: I'm on episode two thirty seven, and I held held
• 8:26
  Speaker 2: off on asking questions this entire time because I asked
• 8:30
  Speaker 2: you all say it could be a question that was
• 8:32
  Speaker 2: already answered, but I just defined, you know, to heck
• 8:36
  Speaker 2: with that. I'm just ask a question anyway, moving on,
• 8:38
  Speaker 2: don't have a lot of time. Don't want to take
• 8:40
  Speaker 2: up your time either. But if there was a planetary
• 8:43
  Speaker 2: system that orbited or a future if there was a
• 8:48
  Speaker 2: plan in that or orbited three suns. You know how
• 8:52
  Speaker 2: some systems have binary systems and possible to have three
• 8:56
  Speaker 2: three sons.
• 8:57
  Speaker 1: And if that was the case, is it.
• 9:01
  Speaker 2: Possible for those funds to go into sysgy and cause
• 9:08
  Speaker 2: something something like the gravity from all three of those
• 9:12
  Speaker 2: sons added up would lift them off the planet. I
• 9:15
  Speaker 2: actually saw that in this show called three Body Problem.
• 9:17
  Speaker 2: If you haven't seen. It's on Netflix, The Great Show.
• 9:20
  Speaker 1: You will love it.
• 9:23
  Speaker 2: Also, this is all based on my very small understanding
• 9:27
  Speaker 2: cut off you God's favorite subject, black holes. But black
• 9:31
  Speaker 2: holes are a singularity, infinitely small point in space, and
• 9:35
  Speaker 2: black holes can merge with those singularities, become one one
• 9:43
  Speaker 2: singularity or.
• 9:44
  Speaker 1: Do they collide?
• 9:46
  Speaker 2: And if they collide, would that be like the Big Bang? Okay,
• 9:51
  Speaker 2: but now I just wanted to know that. And last question,
• 9:55
  Speaker 2: I promise for now if he if everything has an attraction,
• 10:04
  Speaker 2: all planets have an attraction, would everything when space be
• 10:08
  Speaker 2: attracted towards if nothing else in space had that attraction
• 10:11
  Speaker 2: besides Earth with all the planets and everything out there,
• 10:15
  Speaker 2: just come towards Earth almost like a holing beacon and
• 10:21
  Speaker 2: crash into it. But that's all my questions from now.
• 10:25
  Speaker 2: Like I said, love you guys podcast, I really appreciate it.
• 10:28
  Speaker 2: Actually it actually urged me to get back into college.
• 10:31
  Speaker 2: I told myself I was never going back, but inspired
• 10:34
  Speaker 2: me to go back. And I do appreciate it. So
• 10:37
  Speaker 2: you guys take it easy.
• 10:40
  Speaker 1: And have a great day.
• 10:42
  Speaker 2: USA sign and off.
• 10:43
  Speaker 1: Thank you Chris. Wow, that was a lot. I was
• 10:47
  Speaker 1: gobsmacked that you went back to college because of us.
• 10:52
  Speaker 1: I'm humbled by that. Fred, what do you think?
• 10:56
  Speaker 3: Yeah, it's great. It's just great to hear it, Chris.
• 10:59
  Speaker 3: And good luck with the way it's going, all the
• 11:01
  Speaker 3: studies and everything, and keep up the good work with
• 11:05
  Speaker 3: infectious disease technology.
• 11:06
  Speaker 1: That's yes, So he can't touch his phone while he's
• 11:10
  Speaker 1: so he listens to us. Yeah, well, oh look there's
• 11:14
  Speaker 1: a terrible disease. Oh no, that was just Fred.
• 11:21
  Speaker 3: I think you're the I think you're the one with
• 11:23
  Speaker 3: the terrible.
• 11:24
  Speaker 1: I've got yes, super pollination, that's what it's called, super pollination.
• 11:30
  Speaker 1: That could be a thing.
• 11:32
  Speaker 3: Now.
• 11:32
  Speaker 1: Chris is questions three different questions. The first one is
• 11:35
  Speaker 1: a triple header in itself a three sun system. What
• 11:38
  Speaker 1: sort of a problem would a planet have orbiting a
• 11:41
  Speaker 1: three sun system? And yes, he mentioned the TV series
• 11:45
  Speaker 1: three Body Problem, which is based on a book by
• 11:47
  Speaker 1: a Chinese writer. I still haven't finished the first book.
• 11:50
  Speaker 1: It's a trilogy, and I'm struggling with it because he's
• 11:56
  Speaker 1: really it's a difficult read. They've turned it into a
• 11:58
  Speaker 1: fabulous TV show which is very accurate compared to the book,
• 12:03
  Speaker 1: which I'm pleased to see so far. But Yeah, the
• 12:08
  Speaker 1: problem in the TV series is you've got a planet
• 12:10
  Speaker 1: that's trying to evolve and intelligent life keeps developing, but
• 12:16
  Speaker 1: then being destroyed by the problem of trying to survive
• 12:20
  Speaker 1: in a three sun system. It just can't maintain equilibrium,
• 12:26
  Speaker 1: I suppose would be the way to describe it. Is
• 12:30
  Speaker 1: that a real thing or are they just making it up?
• 12:33
  Speaker 3: No, I was going to say, because I, as you know,
• 12:36
  Speaker 3: I watched the three Body problem. But as I was
• 12:40
  Speaker 3: listening to Chris's question, though, I thought this would not
• 12:44
  Speaker 3: be stable. A planet orbusing three stars which were themselves
• 12:51
  Speaker 3: orbitsing their common center of mass almost certainly would be
• 12:57
  Speaker 3: very destructive from a gravitational point of view. That it
• 13:00
  Speaker 3: wouldn't be a stable situation. And so I think Chris's
• 13:06
  Speaker 3: question is first question, what if they all lined up
• 13:09
  Speaker 3: in what we call Sissygy. Yeah, that would certainly provide
• 13:13
  Speaker 3: an interesting bit of gravitational force on the on the
• 13:17
  Speaker 3: poor planet. If that was also in Sissigy with these
• 13:20
  Speaker 3: three stars, you might expect very very intense gravitational effects
• 13:26
  Speaker 3: which are caused by one side of the planet getting
• 13:29
  Speaker 3: pulled more than the other. So so it might, you know,
• 13:32
  Speaker 3: if it was near enough, it might even get spaghettified,
• 13:34
  Speaker 3: like you get when you get too near a black hole.
• 13:37
  Speaker 3: So yes, really quite quite damaging, I think, but it's
• 13:43
  Speaker 3: possible it could happen. We've we've covered stories before of
• 13:47
  Speaker 3: planets both orbiting the individual members of a binary star system,
• 13:52
  Speaker 3: a pair of stars, or the whole thing, and we've
• 13:55
  Speaker 3: commented before, I think on how unstable though some of
• 13:58
  Speaker 3: those orbits must be, just because the complex and gravitational pools.
• 14:02
  Speaker 1: Yeah, well, they do portray the issues very well in
• 14:05
  Speaker 1: that TV series three Body Problem, And yes, they do
• 14:09
  Speaker 1: actually have scenes of people being lifted off the ground
• 14:12
  Speaker 1: because of the gravitational effects of the stars that are
• 14:17
  Speaker 1: controlling this planet's fate. Unfortunately, it's very mad for the people,
• 14:21
  Speaker 1: very bad for the well.
• 14:22
  Speaker 3: I think it would be. Yeah, if you were going
• 14:24
  Speaker 3: to be lifted off the ground, you'd almost certainly get
• 14:26
  Speaker 3: spaghetti fight.
• 14:27
  Speaker 1: I think, Yeah, it's pretty messed up. Chris's next question
• 14:32
  Speaker 1: was about merging black holes. What basically happens? Do they
• 14:35
  Speaker 1: become one? Do they collide? Yes? What they do? Is
• 14:40
  Speaker 1: it like a mini Big Bang? Well we know it
• 14:43
  Speaker 1: causes gravitational waves, so yeah, it does make a hell
• 14:47
  Speaker 1: of a bang that makes this sound. Yes, so yeah,
• 14:54
  Speaker 1: but just fill in the blacks for us.
• 14:59
  Speaker 3: Yes, that you're quite right. That's the that's a fairly
• 15:03
  Speaker 3: good impersonation of the of the sound of a or
• 15:07
  Speaker 3: of a grow black hole merger captured by LIGO, which
• 15:13
  Speaker 3: is looking at audio frequency gravitational waves and then playing
• 15:17
  Speaker 3: them through a loud speaker, and you do you get
• 15:19
  Speaker 3: them up where it sort of mergers together, and that
• 15:23
  Speaker 3: bit at the end is where the black holes actually merge.
• 15:26
  Speaker 3: So they do combine into one single black hole of
• 15:30
  Speaker 3: actually a bit less than twice the mass of the
• 15:32
  Speaker 3: individual ones, because some of that mass is lost as
• 15:35
  Speaker 3: energy going into the gravitational waves, which are very energy hungry.
• 15:40
  Speaker 3: And that's because space is so rigid.
• 15:42
  Speaker 1: It's like say text, yes, yeah.
• 15:46
  Speaker 3: That's right.
• 15:47
  Speaker 1: You can't have a merger where they're paying the text to.
• 15:49
  Speaker 3: Paying the tax, yeah, the gravitational tax. So what happens
• 15:54
  Speaker 3: is not a mini big bang. It's quite toedate. Actually
• 15:59
  Speaker 3: it is. The has explained that the frequency of the
• 16:03
  Speaker 3: the gravitational waves goes up because these things are spinning
• 16:06
  Speaker 3: ever closer together and then they emerge and there is
• 16:09
  Speaker 3: something called the ring down that occurs afterwards, and I
• 16:13
  Speaker 3: think that's just the sort of vibration of the of
• 16:16
  Speaker 3: the space around it as it settles back down to
• 16:19
  Speaker 3: not having any kind of gravitational waves pass it through it.
• 16:24
  Speaker 3: So the ring down is the the end of the
• 16:27
  Speaker 3: the end of the process, the end of the collision.
• 16:29
  Speaker 3: But it's a it's a downward energy thing rather than
• 16:32
  Speaker 3: an upward energy thing, which you know a big band
• 16:35
  Speaker 3: would be. And yeah, finally, you know.
• 16:39
  Speaker 1: I just wanted to sort of metaphorically describe that. Then,
• 16:43
  Speaker 1: So emerging black two emerging black holes would be more
• 16:47
  Speaker 1: like Fred and Ginger rather than Donald and Camilla.
• 16:53
  Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, probably, yeah, yeah, fair enough. They In fact,
• 16:58
  Speaker 3: Fred and Ginger is probably a good analoge because there's
• 17:00
  Speaker 3: a lot of spinning involved. Yes, done, cheek to cheek, Yes,
• 17:06
  Speaker 3: Attraction attraction, well, there were just what we've been talking about.
• 17:11
  Speaker 3: So it's hard to imagine how the Earth could attract
• 17:14
  Speaker 3: things without the other things attracting Earth, because it's a
• 17:17
  Speaker 3: mutual process. Is gravitation, you can't switch it off just
• 17:21
  Speaker 3: for one object and not the others. But yes, if
• 17:25
  Speaker 3: the Earth was the only gravitating body in the Solar
• 17:28
  Speaker 3: System and everything else I no gravity at all, It
• 17:30
  Speaker 3: probably would collect everything else. Yes, the situations emerging black.
• 17:35
  Speaker 1: Holes, we just end up with one giant planet of
• 17:39
  Speaker 1: some kind. It would be a bit of That would
• 17:41
  Speaker 1: be a bit of a mess too. Yes, yes, so yes, Chris,
• 17:45
  Speaker 1: that would happen. That would happen. All right, great to
• 17:48
  Speaker 1: hear from you, Chris. Enjoy your infectious diseases and college.
• 17:52
  Speaker 1: Just don't put the two together. Wouldn't be pretty. But
• 17:57
  Speaker 1: thanks for sending a question in Thanks for supporting space.
• 17:59
  Speaker 2: That's space butts.
• 18:05
  Speaker 1: One final question, Fred. This one comes from Lee, who
• 18:09
  Speaker 1: is in Canada. Hello, space nutters. I'm curious if we
• 18:13
  Speaker 1: have ever been able to collect CME samples from the Sun.
• 18:17
  Speaker 1: That is, can a coronal mass ejection have enough velocity
• 18:21
  Speaker 1: to escape the Sun's orbit. I expect it would cool
• 18:27
  Speaker 1: down significantly and possibly arrive at Earth as any other asteroid.
• 18:32
  Speaker 1: Have we ever collected this and what can we learn?
• 18:36
  Speaker 1: Thanks and keep up the good work. Lee from Canada. Okay, look,
• 18:44
  Speaker 1: these things hit us all the time, don't they, Fred,
• 18:47
  Speaker 1: don't do them? Yeah, not so much direct hit type
• 18:51
  Speaker 1: of stuff, but the after effect with the.
• 18:55
  Speaker 3: Solar Yeah, and it is the coronal ejection is exactly
• 19:01
  Speaker 3: what it sounds like. It's gas being expelled. It's actually
• 19:04
  Speaker 3: a plasma coming off the Sun. That plasma is an
• 19:07
  Speaker 3: electrified gas. It comes off the Sun at high velocity
• 19:11
  Speaker 3: a million kilometers an hour or thereabouts. Probably actually quite
• 19:15
  Speaker 3: a lot faster than that when I think about it.
• 19:18
  Speaker 3: It takes a few days to reach the Earth, and
• 19:21
  Speaker 3: when it does, we're showered with the sub atomic particles.
• 19:24
  Speaker 3: So in that sense, the Earth has collected CMEs. They
• 19:28
  Speaker 3: don't solidify in anyway. They are still sub atomic particles
• 19:32
  Speaker 3: that remain in that state, electrified and traveling at high velocity.
• 19:37
  Speaker 3: And it's when they interact with the upper atmosphere of
• 19:39
  Speaker 3: the Earth that we see the rory the Northern and
• 19:42
  Speaker 3: Southern lights, as these highly energetic particles, you know, sort
• 19:47
  Speaker 3: of energize the atoms of the Earth, so that when
• 19:51
  Speaker 3: they become de energized they actually ready at light and
• 19:54
  Speaker 3: we see the Northern lights. So the Northern lights, I guess,
• 19:58
  Speaker 3: are the best thing we've got for collecting CMEs. It
• 20:01
  Speaker 3: also interferes with the electronics of satellites and things of
• 20:04
  Speaker 3: that sort should but once again it's on the sub
• 20:07
  Speaker 3: atomic level, rather solid lumps of stuff.
• 20:10
  Speaker 1: So in terms of collecting them physically, not on because
• 20:14
  Speaker 1: they are sub atomic path fills.
• 20:16
  Speaker 3: That's right, they just go through whatever it tried to
• 20:19
  Speaker 3: need a really good net to be out all that.
• 20:23
  Speaker 1: Yeah, well the nets our magnetic field, I suppose.
• 20:29
  Speaker 3: Yes, but that's right. That that is what you know,
• 20:32
  Speaker 3: divert some round the poles of the Earth, which is
• 20:35
  Speaker 3: why we see the aurora so strongly. That.
• 20:37
  Speaker 1: Yeah, indeed, all right, thank you Lee. Hope that helped
• 20:41
  Speaker 1: you with your question. If you've got a question for us,
• 20:43
  Speaker 1: go to our website. It's a new look website. I
• 20:46
  Speaker 1: didn't realize that until Hugh told me, but yeah, it's
• 20:50
  Speaker 1: just slightly changed in design. So you can visit Space
• 20:55
  Speaker 1: Nuts podcast or Commo space nuts dot io, send us
• 20:57
  Speaker 1: text audio questions through the AMA. Don't forget to leave
• 21:01
  Speaker 1: reviews about the Space Nuts podcast. We always love to
• 21:06
  Speaker 1: hear about what you think reviews through whatever platform you use.
• 21:12
  Speaker 1: And Fred, thank you very much. Always a pleasure.
• 21:16
  Speaker 3: So it was a pleasure talking to you too, Andrew,
• 21:18
  Speaker 3: thank you.
• 21:18
  Speaker 1: The first person that's ever said that. Thank you, Fred.
• 21:22
  Speaker 1: We'll see you next time.
• 21:24
  Speaker 3: Yeah, that sounds good.
• 21:25
  Speaker 1: And thanks to hear in the studio. For being quiet,
• 21:28
  Speaker 1: not bothering us, and from me Andrew Duckley, thanks for
• 21:31
  Speaker 1: your company. We'll see you very soon on another episode
• 21:33
  Speaker 1: of Space Nuts. Bye bye, Space Nuts.
• 21:36
  Speaker 2: You'll be listening to the Space Nuts podcast.
• 21:41
  Speaker 1: Available at Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast player.
• 21:47
  Speaker 2: You can also stream on demand at bides dot com.
• 21:50
  Speaker 2: This has been another quality podcast production from nights dot com.