Latest / The History of Germany: Kingdoms, War, and Rebuilding Europe — Fexingo History
The Peace of Westphalia: How the Thirty Years' War Remade Germany
In 1648, after three decades of brutal conflict that killed perhaps a third of the population in German lands, the Peace of Westphalia brought an end to the Thirty Years' War. This episode unpacks the marathon negotiations in Münster and Osnabrück, where diplomats from over a hundred states—including the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, Bavaria's Maximilian I, Sweden's Queen Christina, and France's Cardinal Mazarin—hammered out a new order. We explore how the treaties shattered any remaining hope of a unified German empire, formalized the sovereignty of hundreds of…
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