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Mastering Posterior Instability: From the "Lightbulb Sign" to Reverse Hill-Sachs Repair

Is it a frozen shoulder, or is it a missed posterior dislocation? In this episode of the Sports Medicine Research Rundown, Tim Tyler and Rob Shapiro sit down with Dr. Alex Volpi (Orthopedic Surgeon, Optum Pro Health) to demystify one of the most challenging diagnoses in the shoulder complex: Posterior Shoulder Instability.

While posterior instability makes up only ~5-10% of instability cases, it is frequently misdiagnosed as rotator cuff pathology or adhesive capsulitis. Dr. Volpi breaks down the critical "signal vs. noise" diagnostic cues, including the mechanism of injury (seizures vs…

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