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Clinton 1996-2000 · Saberian History Lectures

0:00
Alright, so today we're going to talk about what
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I call the middle and late period of Clinton.
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So again, as I said the other day, if I could
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break the Clinton administration up, I would
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break it up into two, really three periods. First
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period was 1993 through 1995 where the Democrats
0:21
had control over the White House, the House,
0:22
and the Senate. After the election of 1994, the
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Republican Party would dominate the House and
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the Senate for practically a generation. They
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hold the House and the Senate from 1994 until
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2000 or from 1995 until 2007. So we also left
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off with the Massive economic prosperity. Okay?
0:50
So let's talk about the economic prosperity in
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the new economy. So the economic boom time of
0:57
the 1990s was a period of extraordinarily low
1:00
unemployment, low inflation, low interest rates.
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Things were good. Now, what makes economic growth?
1:10
We had talked about this last class, but... New
1:13
sources of capital. And so to have that you had
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two new sources of capital. The first is your
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trade agreements. You had NAFTA, you also had
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a general agreement on tariffs and trades between
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the United States and multiple nation states.
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And so the consensus had been among the nations
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and in the United States, and it was a bipartisan
1:37
consensus that free trade is good. Now, a couple
1:42
of things I kind of want to bring up. In effect,
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A trade agreement is a tax cut because you are
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not having taxes levied on imports, nor are you
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having taxes levied on exports. Now also, these
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trade agreements allow capital to flow into the
2:08
United States, not just from among Americans,
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but also from other countries. So it allows for
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a greater degree of foreign investment. especially
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with the rise of these new multinational companies.
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So now you have companies that can put certain
2:23
parts of their operations in one country for
2:25
low taxes, certain parts of their manufacturing
2:27
in other countries for cheaper labor costs, and
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so that increases profitability. Now, the other
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thing you have as a source of capital is the
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expansion of the credit market, both through
2:39
personal consumer cards as the minimum payments
2:43
go down, And the balances go up. And then you
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also have the creation of the home equity market,
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where people can take out loans against the equity
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in their home. That's still a thing today. You
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also have the emergence of new technologies and
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new technology companies. And so the infrastructure
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of the information superhighway that you take
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for granted in those pocket devices you have
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today, the foundation of which was laid down
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when I sat in those chairs back in the 90s. So
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the new technologies. So, yes ma 'am. Is this
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all occurring during the Clinton administration?
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Yes. He was like, he was a good president who
3:48
just made bad personal decisions. Let me ask
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you a question and we'll get to the bad personal
3:54
decisions in a moment because I think you're
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jumping the gun. Of the three sources of economic
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prosperity, which one did he or did the administration
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have any play in? That's it. But what are the
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other two major sources of capital flowing into
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the economy? Credit cards. Credit cards and home
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equity that the federal government had very little
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to do with. The credit card expansion was an
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internal decision by the corporations. And so
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this part of the equation you can attribute to
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the Clinton administration except most of those
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free trade agreements had started their negotiation
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processes under Bush the Elder and he continued
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it. And so if I look at this period of deregulation
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Because if you think about it, this is a process
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of deregulation, yes? Right. Don't use party
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labels. The deregulation begins under Reagan,
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continues under Bush, the elder continues under
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Clinton. And then when do we start regulating
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ourselves more? Bush the younger you have the
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expansion of the military industrial complex
5:11
after 9 -11 and under Barack Obama You have the
5:14
expansion of the social welfare state through
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the Affordable Care Act through the expansion
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of the snap program and stuff like that So don't
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think about this in terms of party labels think
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about this in terms of a center seeking moment
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under FDR Eisenhower Kennedy Nixon and a center
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fleeing moment under Reagan Bush the elder Clinton
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And then we are in and you have grown up in the
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confines of a center -seeking moment, surveilled
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after 9 -11 and oppressed by taxes on existence.
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The question becomes, what does tomorrow hold
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because tomorrow belongs to thee? Will you forge
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more chains to bind us, to keep us safe? Will
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we break the chains? and be free. I leave that
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to you. Now, let's get back to the technology.
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What new technologies change the world, will
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create the world that you now live in? Go way
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back. Computers. Let's start with the basic idea.
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In the 1980s, you have the creation of the microprocessor,
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micro in Greek, small. All of a sudden, computers
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go from things that take up a room to things
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that you can put on a desk. And what do we call
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those? Computers. Well, if they're on the desk,
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we call them desktops. And if we can fold them
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and carry them with us, we call them laptops.
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Now, the earliest laptops and the earliest desktops
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go back to the 80s. But what happens in the 90s
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is they move from being a business appliance
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to being something in your home. So, new technologies.
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You have the computer. Now here's the thing.
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Most of you don't get what you originally used
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a computer for. Well, yes. But originally, what
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is the basic word of computer? Compute. Which
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implies what? Mathematics. The earliest functions
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of the computer were calculation and tabulation.
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Keeping tabulation on the number of customers,
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how much they bought, how much they sold, warehouses,
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inventories. Oh, and by the way, one of the earliest
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computers was the punch card reader brought to
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you by Hermann Hollerith that helped make the
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Holocaust possible. In other words, and one thing
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I've said, the Nazis did the Holocaust with all
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of the technological sophistication of punch
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cards. But anyway. So you have computers. Originally,
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the basic function of a computer in an office
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setting was twofold, maybe three. You had as
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a word processor, spreadsheet, and in a business
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setting, database. Now, spreadsheet and database,
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you're essentially manipulating what? Numbers,
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right? What aren't you using the computer for
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at this point? Personal information. If you wanted
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to send something to someone, you didn't send
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them an email. What did you send them? A letter
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that you typed using your word processor and
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before the word processor you used a what? Typewriter
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or by hand. All of you have had to turn in typed
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essays for English class, am I correct? And they
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wouldn't take it handwritten, would they? Mine
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was the last generation that you could turn in
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essays by hand. No, like even for our official
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prepared essays, we had to do it by hand. Now,
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when I was in high school, I did not take a keyboarding
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class. I took a typing class. Yes? Oh no, in
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high school I learned how to type classically.
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But no. Well, I mean, one of the things, my father,
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when he was working on his master's thesis, he
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hired someone to type for him. He would write
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the thing out longhand, and he would have someone
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else type it. Yes? Do you think that's whenever
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cursive started going downhill? That is part
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of the equation. Yes, because you write in cursive
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faster than you write in print, but not as fast
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as most people type. I think that was a contributing
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factor. Now, so word process spreadsheet database.
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Now, one of the things that I wanted to set off
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to the side is what is missing? So there's no
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email. What else? No music. No pictures. No music.
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And certainly not film. The graphics were primitive.
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It was mostly the use of text and numbers. And
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there's a reason why. The more primitive machines
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did not. Okay, so let me show you, let me tell
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you a little bit of a story, and this is sort
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of a historical back thing. How many of you have
11:01
a Windows computer at home? And when you open
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up your hard drive, what is it called? The C
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drive, yes? So the C drive is the hard drive
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of the computer, and that's not why it's C. C
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is what letter in the alphabet? What comes before
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C? earliest computers had a B drive which was
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for the five inch floppy floppy disk and then
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what comes before B? You add the A drive for
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the three and a half inch floppy disk. We don't
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use floppy disks anymore do we? That's right
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because we still have hard drives on the computer.
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That is a vestige of those two earlier disk drives.
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Now here's the thing. There were some computers
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that had no internal storage. The only thing
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they had was the operating system. So if you
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wanted to run a program, you had to put the disk
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in the thing. Very similar to modern video games
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where it won't run without the disk. Now actually,
12:22
in actuality, your game will run without the
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disk. They use the disk as a copyright control.
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Because what happens with modern games is it
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reads the discs, puts a fair amount of the content
12:32
on the hard drive of the PlayStation or the Xbox.
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And they simply use the disc to make sure you
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actually bought it and didn't like pirate it.
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So let me show you what a floppy disc is. And
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I feel like something from the days of the Elder
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Gods. Those are floppy discs. Do you want to
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know how much information that floppy disc holds?
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One megabyte. A picture is worth a thousand words.
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Now, word files are kilobytes. You could have
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probably, oh, a hundred word files. Okay, maybe
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fifty. Fifty word files on one disk or one picture.
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Correct. One picture. You're making a presentation
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and you need to put a picture within your...
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You wouldn't use PowerPoint. You keep switching
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them out? No. No, like if you're like... If you're
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making a presentation, what you would do is,
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if you're doing a presentation, what you used
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to do, okay, remember science fair and those
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three -fold presentation things? You would put
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the picture on the poster board and it's part
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of the already incorporated thing. Now, If you
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were doing a slideshow, a slideshow is actually
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a separate piece of technology. A slideshow used
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photography and film. So here's the thing. Again,
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the things that were not on computers at this
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time in 1993, the idea of actually putting this
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media on computers was absurd. Because what did
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you do with a computer? You computed. Yes? This
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is much later. The internet. used to be nothing
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more than black and white and green ASCII text
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on monochromatic screens because it wasn't for
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entertainment and the internet is older than
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you remember. You remember the internet from
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your childhood. The internet was actually a network
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of systems shared between the military and the
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universities originally designed by the military
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to work with multiple and independent systems
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in the event of a Soviet attack. In the 1960s,
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the internet was born. In the 1970s, it was the
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military and the universities. In the 1980s,
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it was the military, universities, and corporations.
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In the 1990s, America Online puts America Online
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with little CDs and 56k modems. Actually, 28k
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modems. And that's where we get the phrase, you've
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got mail. So in the 1990s you have the dawn of
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the personal computer being able to access the
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internet. So now this puts email in the column
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of personal computers. But if you wanted pictures,
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if you wanted music, if you wanted music, you
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went to Best Buy, you bought a CD. If you wanted
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pictures, you would take pictures with a camera,
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you would take it to the photo lab, and in an
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hour they would give you the photos. If you wanted
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to send someone your photos, you put it in the
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envelope and you mailed it to their address.
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If you were giving a slide show, instead of taking
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pictures on film, you would take pictures on
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slide. Again, a similar development process.
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You would actually put it in a slide carousel
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that would broadcast the light and it would project
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onto the screen. It would make a click noise
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when you turned the remote that was hardwired
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to the machine. A time undreamed of, my parents
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still have their slide projector. There are still
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professors at university who still use the old
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slides. I feel like everything would be so much
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more expensive. No, it wasn't, because the systems
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were already in place. It was not as expensive
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as getting it, because again, there's no bandwidth
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to transmit the content. And so one of the things
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when you start looking at computers, especially
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in the 90s, is there's, you want to do, it's,
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a race between speed, storage, and bandwidth.
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So in the 1990s, people are accessing the internet
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by way of 56 or 28k modems. When I say 28k, that
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is 28 kilobits per second. I said kilo. Not mega,
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not giga, not pita. Kilo. In other words, you
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have people with money to burn. They're buying
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it on new technologies. You also have the increase
17:43
of these technologies into office life. So for
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example, when I was in high school, we did not
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have a computer in every classroom. The teacher
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did not have a computer. The teacher took roll
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on a paper, Scantron style thing, put it on the
18:00
door for the aides to pick up. If they wanted
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to send us a message, they came over the PA or
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they posted it on the bulletin board in the teacher
18:08
work room or they put a memorandum in the teacher's
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box. Do you get the idea? Do you see how different
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the world is? Well, from A to B, a whole lot
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of money from these credit cards, from these
18:19
tax cuts, from these home equity loans, from
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these business advances have people buying technology,
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which, again, causes the technology to increase.
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You also have people investing in new technology
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stocks, Netscape, AOL, Microsoft, Apple. All
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of these take off because there is this hopefulness
18:35
in the inevitability of human progress. And why
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wouldn't there be hopefulness in the inevitability
18:41
of human progress? We won the Cold War. The world
18:46
was ours. You get the idea? So as the economy
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is booming, in 1996, Bill Clinton runs for re
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-election. So 1996, Bill Clinton runs for re
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-election. And as I say, when the economy's hopping,
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who gets the credit? The President. The President.
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And when the economy's down, who gets the blame?
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Even if, again, these are market forces relatively
19:13
speaking beyond his control. So you have Clinton
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runs for re -election. Remember, Clinton is the
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first baby boomer president. His opponent from
19:22
the Republican party is Bob Dole. Bob Dole, not
19:27
as charismatic as Bill Clinton. Also, Bob Dole
19:29
is a veteran of the Second World War. Bob Dole
19:32
was 73. And Ross Perot was drafted to run again.
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Clinton wins in an electoral landslide, but what's
19:46
interesting, and this is one of the things that
19:49
our revisionist friends in 2016 ignored, Bill
19:56
Clinton never had a majority. Never. Not even
20:02
when he ran for re -election. 49, 41, and 8.
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No electors. These are all percentage votes.
20:24
Now, the electoral sweep was, again, one -sided,
20:27
but the popular vote is interesting. Bill Clinton
20:32
never got a majority in the popular vote. Now,
20:39
so he wins his re -election. Why? A couple of
20:41
things that's worth noting. He wins his re -election.
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The Democrats do not gain the House or the Senate.
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Why? So you have the President who's a Democrat,
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you have the House that's Republican, and you
20:57
have the Senate, which is Republican. Why did
21:00
people vote in large numbers for Bill Clinton,
21:03
but voted for people who antagonized him in Congress?
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Why? Had it occurred to anyone that most Americans
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are not ideologues? They do not vote for ideologies,
21:22
they vote for men. And also, had it occurred
21:27
to anyone that perhaps, and we have seen this,
21:30
did Barack Obama have a Republican Congress?
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Yes. Did Reagan have a Democratic Congress? Yes.
21:38
Had it occurred to anyone that the system of
21:41
divided government, the system that was designed
21:43
not to work, stayed divided by design, by the
21:49
volition of the American people? And when your
21:53
economy is rocking and rolling, why would you
21:56
want a divided system of government? Or to make
22:05
sure that the government does nothing to get
22:07
in the way? You get the idea. Oh my god, a system
22:13
of divided government where they divided the
22:16
government into three parts and even among those
22:18
three parts they whittled it down to twos and
22:19
threes and committee processes that make legislation
22:22
slow and painful. Oh my god, the government that
22:25
was designed to fail doesn't work, but that's
22:29
exactly when it's working because the government
22:31
that works well works really well at screwing
22:34
things up. Now, let's get to the bit. So, Here's
22:46
the part that is perhaps the least understood.
22:51
I'm actually going to do the foreign policy bits
22:53
separate. I did his re -election. Now I'm going
22:56
to do the impeachment. Then I'm going to go back
22:57
to the foreign policy bits, because the foreign
22:59
policy bits tie into the wider war on terror.
23:01
So that's going to be a separate lecture. So
23:04
let's get to the impeachment of Clinton. Now,
23:07
we kind of make light about it, don't we? Everybody
23:13
kind of chuckles when we talk about it. Why?
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Because it's funny. Because it's corporal. Because
23:20
it's base. Because it's relatable. I mean, it
23:25
almost sounds like the children on the playground.
23:28
Bill and Monica up in a tree. K -I -S -S -I -N
23:31
-G. No? First comes love, then comes marriage.
23:35
No? No? Y 'all didn't do that nursery rhyme with
23:37
children? Well, not that one, but different people,
23:40
yes? We all did it. We all did it. That nursery
23:42
rhyme is older than you, I, and our parents put
23:44
together. What's actually kind of interesting
23:49
is... Most treatments of the impeachment, most
23:54
historical recollections of this are through
23:58
the partisan lens. So let's go back to where
24:05
it all began. In Arkansas. Originally, and this
24:11
is the part that most people don't understand,
24:14
how is it that a case of real estate fraud in
24:19
Arkansas would result in the impeachment of a
24:23
president for perjury and obstruction is not
24:26
a straight line. So let me take you through the
24:31
rabbit hole if you will. So in Arkansas there
24:38
was a company called the Whitewater Development
24:40
Company that had dealings with then Governor
24:49
Clinton when he was governor of Arkansas. Now
24:52
what would be wrong with the governor of a state
24:56
having financial transactions with a development
24:58
company in his state. Bribery, favoritism, that
25:07
sort of thing, yes? Well, the Whitewater Development
25:10
Corporation goes bankrupt and its key managers
25:13
were convicted of fraud. What would be the problem
25:18
of possibly having the chief executive of these
25:21
United States being implicated in a massive fraud
25:24
scheme involving embellishment? the commissioning
25:34
of an independent council to look into the Whitewater
25:46
development company and the relationship of President
25:49
Clinton to that company when he was governor
25:51
of Arkansas. Make sense? Yep. So, independent
25:55
prosecutor was originally looking at that. Everybody
25:58
good so far? So, on the one hand, does it make
26:02
sense that you should actually investigate if
26:04
your president, you know, maybe was party to
26:07
a massive fraud that cost a lot of people a lot
26:09
of money. Makes sense. And even if he's innocent,
26:12
what would the independent prosecutor then be
26:14
able to do? Exonerate, right? Okay, we just want
26:19
to know. That's always how the investigations
26:21
go. Now, sidebar conversation, and we'll just
26:25
call these peccadilloes. Then going back to the
26:31
presidential campaign of 1992. 1992, Bill Clinton's
26:39
running for the governorship. A woman by the
26:41
name of Jennifer Flowers reveals that he and
26:44
she were having an extramarital affair for some
26:47
time. Paula Jones, a woman in Arkansas who accused
26:58
the then governor of exposing himself to her,
27:02
is seeking compensation in the form of a sexual
27:07
harassment lawsuit. Now, is sexual harassment
27:11
a criminal offense or is it a civil offense?
27:21
If I'm suing somebody for it, what is it? If
27:24
I want money, civil. So she is trying to, it's
27:29
a civil suit. Now, if you're suing somebody for
27:33
sexual harassment, what usually helps make your
27:37
case? Proof, and in addition to proof, it also
27:42
helps if you can establish a pattern. So if I
27:47
look at the Paula Jones case, here I have Bill
27:49
Clinton, the governor of Arkansas, using his
27:52
position of authority to sexually exploit a woman
27:54
such as the accusation. Yes? So if you're the
27:58
lawyer for Paula Jones and you're trying to figure
28:01
out if this man has used his position of authority
28:03
to sexually exploit women, what do you do? You
28:07
look for other women. Right? So the prosecutors
28:11
start looking for other women and in connection
28:13
to this sexual harassment lawsuit, Coming out
28:17
of Arkansas, they find that Bill Clinton had
28:21
had an affair with one Monica Lewinsky, a 21
28:25
-year -old intern. I forget what state she's
28:28
from. Bill Clinton was in his late 40s. She was
28:32
more than half his age. So, you're the lawyer
28:37
trying to get justice for your client, you ask
28:41
the mistress, and you also ask the president.
28:44
So, President Clinton was placed in a three -hour
28:48
federal deposition. In that deposition, he denied
28:51
that he had a sexual relationship with that woman.
28:58
And so, in the end, the independent counsel now
29:02
not only has to investigate this, but also investigating
29:06
this because, what do you call it when you don't
29:08
tell the truth in front of a judge? Perjury.
29:12
Perjury is a federal crime if you are perjury
29:15
is a crime if you are convicted of perjury You
29:18
are a felon you lose the right to vote you lose
29:21
the right to keep in bear arms so Two charges
29:29
of note come up one is perjury The other is if
29:33
I'm lying. Why did he lie? To impede what? this
29:40
civil suit So he was tried for perjury and for
29:45
obstruction of justice. So it's not that he was
29:54
on trial for adultery. He was on trial for lying
29:58
to a federal judge and for obstruction of justice
30:02
of this woman who had been the victim of sexual
30:06
exploitation. Now I know none of you remember
30:11
this. None of you were even conceived yet in
30:15
1998 when the trial got started. And I know we've
30:21
had sort of this pleasant revision of the history
30:24
of this administration. So, now you have the
30:30
charges. Now let's look at the math behind it.
30:34
Because in the end, is impeachment and removal,
30:39
is it an act of justice or is it an act of politics?
30:43
Very much so. So we have talked about the impeachment
30:48
process in the context of Richard Nixon and in
30:52
the context of Andrew Johnson. Impeachment is
30:55
handed down by which part of Congress? We got
31:01
two chambers, House and Senate. Which one does
31:04
it? Impeachment takes a House vote and it's only
31:10
a simple majority. So it's a simple majority
31:13
in the House. Who has a simple majority in the
31:17
House? The Republicans. Do they get their simple
31:21
majority vote? to indict. Yes. So, President
31:26
Bill Clinton is the second president in American
31:29
history to be impeached, the first in the 20th,
31:31
the only in the 20th century. To convict a president
31:37
is a trial before the Senate chaired by the Chief
31:41
Justice of the Supreme Court. I remember watching
31:43
it at Doby Mall at UT while eating a seven -layer
31:46
burrito. I mean, not all of it, but I remember
31:47
what I ate. It was a - To convict! What does
31:50
it take? A two -thirds vote in the Senate. Now
31:58
here's the question. The Republicans have a majority
32:01
in the Senate. They don't have two -thirds. If
32:06
they were going to get a conviction, they would
32:08
need who to come along? Some Democrats. Some
32:14
Democrats did not come along. And so Bill Clinton
32:18
was impeached, but he was not removed. Now I'm
32:20
going to leave you with this story. Who was Clinton's
32:29
vice president? Al Gore. Al Gore, the senator
32:36
from Tennessee who became the vice president
32:39
under Clinton, ran with, was Clinton's running
32:43
mate in 92, was Clinton's running mate in 96.
32:45
Now you're Al Gore. Your president is on trial
32:56
for perjury and obstruction of justice. And you
32:59
are a popular man in the Democratic party. What
33:03
could you do? Try to convince enough of the Democrats
33:10
to vote with who? The Republicans. And you could
33:13
be president. The man who would be king. Except
33:19
after the impeachment, Al Gore stood outside
33:26
the White House with the Senate Democrats who
33:29
would be on the jury of, or actually no, he stood
33:34
outside the White House with the Democrats who
33:38
had voted against the impeachment and declared,
33:42
history will remember Bill Clinton as one of
33:46
America's great presidents. And in that moment,
33:50
Al Gore gave up his chance to be president. Now
33:57
Al Gore will run for the presidency in 2000 to
34:00
George W. Bush. And he will lose by the narrowest
34:07
of margins, having won the popular vote by nearly
34:10
half a million, but losing the state of Florida
34:13
in a very thin recount. But there are two interesting
34:17
aspects about this man. One, he had his chance
34:21
to be president. And two, he lost his home state.
34:27
And after that loss in 2000, Al Gore and Bill
34:31
Clinton never spoke again. I kind of wanted to
34:37
set that up to lead us into the next part, which
34:40
is the rise of Bush. Which of the younger? Which
34:46
I don't have much time to get into. Are we out
34:47
of here at 52 or 57 or? Oh, good. I got time
34:51
for this. All right. Let me tell you the story.
34:59
Let me tell you the story of, and this is my
35:04
own construction, the story of George Oltor.
35:07
What? All right. So, one of the things that's
35:10
kind of funny, and I think I'm probably the only
35:13
historian who's noticed this, George Bush the
35:18
Younger, as often called George W. Bush, I use
35:24
the term George Oltor. Oltor is an old Latin
35:27
word. It means the Avenger. Because it's kind
35:31
of an interesting story how George W. Bush kind
35:34
of comes out of nowhere in the 1990s. becomes
35:39
the governor of the Texan state and subsequently
35:41
the president of the United States in less than
35:44
two decades. So let's go back. 1992. Texas has
35:56
a democratic governor, Ann Richards, who spoke
36:01
very slightingly of President George Bush the
36:05
Elder. Now what's interesting about So, 1992,
36:11
Ann Richards addresses the DNC. This is her famous,
36:14
poor George, he can't help it, he was born with
36:16
a silver foot in his mouth. Ann Richards addresses
36:20
the DNC. She was a rising star in the Democratic
36:23
Party. By the way, when does Texas hold its gubernatorial
36:30
elections? Not in 1994. 1992, or rather, 1992,
36:42
Ann Richards addresses the DNC, speaking rather
36:45
despairingly of George Bush the Elder. 1993,
36:48
George W. Bush decides he will run for the governorship
36:51
of the Texan state. 1994, George Bush the Younger
36:57
defeats Ann Richards, ushering in the Republican
37:08
majority of the Texan state in the House and
37:11
in the Senate where it remains. Now, interestingly
37:13
enough, George Bush the Younger, when he was
37:15
governor of the Texan state, had to deal with
37:17
a Democrat for the lieutenant governor. Bob Bullock.
37:22
They named a museum after him. 1998. Is that
37:30
a presidential election year? No. Bush runs for
37:36
re -election as Texan governor. Bob Bullock does
37:45
not run for re -election as lieutenant governor.
37:47
In the Texan state, the governor and the lieutenant
37:51
governor are not running mates. They are separate
37:53
statewide offices. Rick Perry is elected lieutenant
38:01
governor of the Texan state. George W. Bush runs
38:16
for the nomination of the Republican Party. It
38:19
is a bruising campaign once again. Bill Clinton
38:22
has had his two terms and so anytime you're the
38:25
opposition party after a two -term president,
38:27
who could be president? Anyone. So it's a free
38:30
-for -all. It's one of those weird races because
38:35
it was him, it was Pat Buchanan, it was Pat Robertson
38:41
of the 700 Club, I mean, it was an interesting
38:43
motley crew. Now, what was interesting about
38:46
it is this. Bush and Buchanan have a grueling
38:59
presidential election fight where the heart and
39:03
soul of the Republican party is aired out. Now,
39:05
what's interesting about Buchanan is Buchanan
39:08
thought NAFTA was a bad idea. So Bush sets himself
39:12
up as a free trader versus Buchanan, who is more
39:15
of an isolationist. Okay, and so when I look
39:19
at 2016, I see Trump channeling Ross Perot and
39:22
Pat Buchanan. It's really kind of interesting.
39:24
But anyway, Bush versus Buchanan, Bush clenches
39:28
the primary, and then of course November of 2000,
39:32
you have Bush versus Gore. Now, this is where
39:37
I get back to when Al Gore could have been president.
39:40
The signature slogan of the Bush campaign back
39:44
in 2000 was to restore honor and dignity to the
39:48
White House. Was George W. Bush actually running
39:51
against Al Gore with that phraseology? Who's
39:54
he running against with that phraseology? Bill
39:57
Clinton. And so with that phraseology, you go
40:00
into the election, and I'm going to probably
40:02
have to show you all the electoral map tomorrow.
40:05
But you know what I meant. But yeah, it is a
40:12
close electoral race and it hinged on the state
40:16
of Florida. More to follow.