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Greece · 1001 Questions and Answers on General History

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Chapter six of one thousand one Questions and Answers on General History. This is
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a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more
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information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by d Rando.
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One thousand one Questions and Answers on General History by Benjamin Hathaway Greece.
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One Where is Greece the most eastern of three peninsulas which extend southward from Europe?
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Two? How was ancient Greece divided into three parts? The first in
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the north was composed of Vassily and Epyrus, the second in the middle,
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called Hellas, which was the most important part, and the third the peninsula
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forming the southern part, called Peloponnisus. Three What can be said of the
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geographical features of Greece? They had much to do with fixing the character of
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its inhabitants, the great variety of soil and climate, tending to produce a
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versatile people. Four. Describe the coast of Greece. It is deeply indented,
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with numerous bays, having bold promontories reaching far out to sea and forming
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excellent harbors. Five How did that affect the Greeks. It offered them every
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inducement to a seafaring life. Six. Describe the interior of Greece. The
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land is cut up by almost impassable mountain ranges. Seven What was the effect
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upon the people? Each little valley, being isolated, developed its own peculiar
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life. Eight Name four important mountains in Greece. Olympus ten thousand feet high,
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Parnassus eight thousand feet high, Pentelius four thousand feet high, and Hymetus
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three thousand, four hundred feet high. Nine What is the origin of the
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Greeks. They belong to the Aryan family and are in close relation to the
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people of Central Asia. Ten Who were the primitive inhabitants of Greece? The
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Palasgians a simple agricultural people. Eleven who conquered the country. The Hallanes,
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a warlike race who gave the land its name Hellas. Twelve. What were
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the principal cities of Greece Athens, Sparta, Corinth and Thebes Thirteen When were
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these cities founded? About fifteen hundred BC. Fourteen What was the earliest period
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of Grecian history called the Heroic Age? Fifteen are the events of the Heroic
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Age authentic, they are not, but are clouded in mystery sixteen. When
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did Grecian mythology originate during the Heroic Age? Seventeen named two great traditions of
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this age, the expedition of the Argylls in the Trojan War. Eighteen named
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some noted persons belonging to the Heroic Age Hercules, Theseus and Achilles. Nineteen.
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What is the first clearly defined event of Grecian history the Dorian Migration?
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Twenty What was it? The Dorians, a hardy race from the north,
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invaded the Polyponnesus and made an entire conquest about the eleventh century BC. Twenty
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one? What is this movement called in history the return of the Heraclide as
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it was conducted by the descendants of Hercules, who had been banished for more
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than a century twenty two. What was the other leading race in Greece the
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Ionians? Twenty three? What were the two great centers of Hellenic life Sparta,
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the capital of the Dusians, and the Athens, the capital of the
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Ionians? Twenty four? What change was there in the names of these races.
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Each was called after its capital and are known as the Spartans and Athenians
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Twenty five. What were the chief characteristics of the Spartans? They were rough
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and playing in their habits, pitiless, fearless warriors in battle, and were
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enemies of trade and the fine arts. Twenty six. What were the characteristics
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of the Athenians? They were refined in their tastes, democratic, commercial,
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and lovers of music, painting and sculptor. Twenty seven. Who is said
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to have introduced the alphabet into Greece Catmus? Who brought it from Phoenicia?
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Twenty eight? Why is the second age called Homeric because Homer immortalized this period
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by his poetry? Twenty nine. When did Homer live? Sometimes between one
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thousand b C. And eight hundred seventy b C. Thirty What are Homer's
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greatest poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey? Thirty one? What criticism has
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been offered on the two poems of Homer? That they were not written by
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one man, but were fragments of old poems elected by different persons. Thirty
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two How have they been honored? The Cities of Greece owned state copies of
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his works, which not even the treasures of kings could buy, and his
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poems were then as now the standard classics and the literary education Thirty three.
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What great lawgiverer lived in this period like Krgus? Thirty four? What a
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said of Lycurgus? He declined the Spartan crown and made the people swear to
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abide by his laws until his return. Then he left the country and died
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in another land. How were the people taught by Lycurgus to speak in short
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sentences, hence the laconic style of language? Thirty six. What was the
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name of Sparta during his rule? Lacanier? Hence the were laconic? Thirty
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seven. Did the Greeks have any central government? They did not, but
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necessity caused them to form treaties thirty eight What united all Greece in the Sacred
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Bond? The Four Great National Games? Thirty nine? How long did these
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games last? At a time for many days, similar to a county or
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state fair? Forty What were they? Olympic Pythian nemeen and Ismaian forty one?
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Which was the greatest? The Olympic forty two described the Olympic Games held
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every four years at Olympia. Races of all kinds were engaged in the Ballots
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of Homer were recited, and the victor was crowned with a crown of olive
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or laurel forty three. Who contended in these games Greeks from all over the
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world, but no other nations forty four? What effect did these sports have
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on military operations? All military operations ceased during their continuance? Forty five?
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Who founded the Olympic Games tradition? Says Hercules? Forty six? What is
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meant by the Olympiad? As this festival occurred so regularly it was used as
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a measure of time, the year seven hundred seventy six b C to seven
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hundred seventy two b C. Being the first Olympiad forty seven. What two
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states were the greatest contenders in these games? Athens and Sparta Forty eight?
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What was the next festival of importance, the Pithian in honor of the god
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Apolloy nine? What was a special feature of the Pithian festival? The contests
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of poetry, music and oratory? Fifty When was it held the third year
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of every Olympiad? Fifty one? Whose honor was celebrated by the Nemean games
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the Greek god Zeus fifty two? How often were they held every two years
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near clonee Fifty three. Where were the Isthmian games held on the Isthmus of
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Corinth, near the temple of Poseidon, the sea god? Fifty four What
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may be said of the Spartans at this time? They became masters of most
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of their near neighbors and got control of the peninsula Fifty five What may be
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said of Athens the rival of Sparta, Athens also increased in power and influence
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fifty six. Who gave a code of laws to Athens? Draco? Fifty
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seven. What is said of Draco's laws? That they were written in blood?
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Fifty eight? Why were they thus spoken of because of their severity?
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The smallest offense being punishable by death? Fifty nine? What did Draco say
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in defense of his laws? The smallest crime deserves death, and I can
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find no heavier penalty for the greatest sixty Who canceled Draco's severe laws? Solon,
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who ruled at Athens from five hundred ninety four to five sixty b C.
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Sixty one. When was the age of tyranny? And why soul called
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from six hundred fifty to five hundred b C. Because many of the cities
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were governed by despots sixty two? Who founded a public library at Athens?
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Pyicistretus, who ruled from five hundred sixty to five hundred twenty seven b c.
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Sixty three. What institution was devised at this time to prevent future tyranny
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ostracism? Sixty four? What was ostracism? Any citizen could be banished without
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trial by a vote of the people, each citizen writing the name of the
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person whom he wished to banish on a shell called ostrakhan, six thousand votes
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being required against the person to determine his condemnation. Sixty five. What was
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the original meaning of the word tyrant? It was at first applied by the
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Greeks to a person who became king in the city where the law did not
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authorize one. Afterwards, the tyrant became cruel, and the word took on
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the meaning we now give it sixty six. Who established a democracy at Athens?
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Kleistenes? Sixty seven. Where had Greece any colonies in Asia minor Italy
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and in Africa? Sixty eight When did Athens become a republic in the year
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five five hundred ten b c. Sixty nine What effect did this have on
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the colonies the Asiatic colonies revolted against Persia, who had lately subdued them seventy
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What did the Athenians do for the colonies and what was the result? They
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sent assistance which precipitated the Persian Wars seventy one. Why called the Persian Wars
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because for eleven years the Persians were trying to subdue Greece seventy two. Who
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was ruler of Persia at this time, Darius? Seventy three. Whom did
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Darius send with the army for the first invasion, his son in law,
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Mardonius seventy four. What was the result of this invasion? It was an
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entire failure, the fleet being wrecked off Mount Athos and the large part of
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the army drown seventy five. When was the second invasion in the year four
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hundred ninety b c. Seventy six? Where did the two armies meet on
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the plains of Marathon seventy seven. What was the number of persons in each
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army? Persians over one hundred thousand, Athenians ten thousand, in extraordinary disparity
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seventy eight. What was the result of the battle. The Persians were defeated
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and driven to their vessels, and they then sailed away seventy nine. How
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is this conflict regarded as one of the world's greatest battles? Eighty Why if
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the Persians had succeeded, the character of European civilization would have been entirely changed,
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becoming asiatic eighty one. How many generals were in the Grecian army at
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the Battle of Marathon ten each of whom had command for one day? Eighty
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two? Named three of the most noted generals, Aristides, Miltiades, and
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the Mystocles eighty three. Who was considered the greatest Miltiades eighty four? What
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did each of the other generals do they each resigned in favor of Miltiades eighty
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five? What is Miltiades called the hero of Marathon? Eighty six? What
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became of Miltiades he died in prison of rooms received in the treasonable attack on
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the island of Peyros eighty seven? How long was it until the next invasion
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ten years four hundred eighty b c. Eighty eight? Who lived the invasion
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Xerxes, the son of Darius? Eighty nine? How many men had Xerxes
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over one million? Ninety Where did the armies meet at the pass of Thermopoli
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ninety one? Who met Zurki sees at Thermopyli Leonidas with three hundred Spartan soldiers
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ninety two. What was the result of the battle Leonidas and all but two
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of his three hundred were slain ninety three? How large was Leonides's entire army
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six thousand persons ninety four? Where were they at the Battle of Thermopyli?
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He had dismissed all but the three hundred Spartans and four hundred Thespians who were
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in reserve ninety five? What caused his great defeat? The treachery of a
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Greek who admitted the Persians to a pass ninety six. What did Xerxes do
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next? He pressed on into Greece and burnt Athens ninety seven. Where was
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the next battle? A naval one off the Isle of Salamis ninety eight.
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What was the result of this battle? A great victory for the Grecians ninety
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nine? How long did the battle last? From morning till night? One
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hundred After this engagement, what did Xerxes do? He withdrew and returned to
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Persia in dismay one hundred one did he take all his army? He left
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Mardonius with three hundred thousand men in Vasili one hundred two. What became of
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Mardonius? He was defeated and slain the next year at the Battle of Plotis
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and Mikli one hundred three. Who were the Grecian generals in the Battle of
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Ploti Aristide and Pausanius one hundred four. What effect did these wars have on
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Persia? No Persian army was ever again seen in Greece one hundred five.
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What was Aristides called by his countrymen the just on account of his incorruptible character?
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Traditions says he was so honest he did not have enough to meet his
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funeral expenses one hundred six. Who was the greatest statesman of Athens Pericles?
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One hundred seven. What is the period in which he lived, sometimes called
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the age of Pericles? One hundred eight. How long did he direct affairs
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of Athens? For forty years four hundred sixty nine through four hundred twenty nine
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BC. One hundred nine. What is said of his administration? It was
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the most splendid the Athenians ever had. Art and literature flourished, and the
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city was embellished with the most magnificent edifices one hundred ten. What military event
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took place in four hundred thirty one BC the long continued jealousy between Sparta and
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Athens broke out in war one hundred eleven. What was this war called the
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Poloponnese War one hundred twelve. Who was the Spartan general in this war?
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Lysander? One hundred thirteen. What was the result of this war? After
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twenty seven years of alternate victories and defeat, Athens fail one hundred fourteen.
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What may be said of Sparta it became the leading city of Greece one hundred
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fifteen. How did Sparta govern Athens by thirty men sometimes called the thirty tyrants
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on account of their cruelty one hundred sixteen. What did Athens do under the
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thirty tyrants? Began to regain her political principles, and after the Athenians had
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been ruled eight months, they overthrew the tyrants and re established a democratic government
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one hundred seventeen. What great man lived in Athens at this time? Socrates?
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One hundred eighteen. When was he born in four hundred sixty eight b
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c. One hundred nineteen. What crying was Athens guilty of in the year
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three hundred ninety nine b c. The putting to death of Socrates one hundred
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twenty Why was he put to death on the false charge of introducing a new
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worship to corrupt the youth? One hundred twenty one? On what condition was
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he offered his life that he would cease to teach? One hundred twenty two.
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What great truth did he teach? The immortality of the soul, the
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beauty and necessity of virtue, and the moral responsibility of man? One hundred
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twenty three. How was he put to death? He was sentenced to drink
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a cup of poison hemlock, which he took in his prison chamber, surrounded
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by his friends, with whom he cheerfully conversed till the last one hundred twenty
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four? Who were his most eminent disciples, Plato and Xenophon, from whom
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we derive our knowledge of his doctrines, since he himself committed nothing to writing
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one hundred twenty five. What did Plato found the academic school of philosophy so
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called because he delivered his lectures in the academic gardens one hundred twenty six by
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What is he best known by his arguments in regard to the immortality of the
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soul. He taught that death is to be desired rather than feared. One
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hundred twenty seven. What other great schools of philosophy were founded in the fourth
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century b c. The Peripatetics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics one hundred
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twenty eight. Who founded the peripatetic school Aristotle? Who was a student of
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Plato? One hundred twenty nine. Why so called Aristotle delivered his legs while
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walking up and down the shady porches of the lyceum, surrounded by his pupils,
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hence called peripatetics Walker's one hundred thirty What has been the influence of Aristotle's
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teaching? He, more than any other philosopher, originated ideas whose influence is
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still felt. The father of logic, the principles he laid down in his
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study have never been superseded one hundred thirty one. Who were the Epicureans the
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followers of Epicurus? One hundred thirty two. What did Epicurus teach that the
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chief end of life is enjoyment? He was strictly moral and taught that virtue
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is the road to happiness, but his followers so perverted this that epicurean became
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a synonym for loose and luxurious living one hundred thirty three. Who were the
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Stoics? They were the followers of Zeno one hundred thirty four. From what
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was their name derived the painted Portuco store under which he taught one hundred thirty
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five. What was their belief? Pain and pleasure were equally despised by them,
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and indifference to all external conditions was considered the highest virtue one hundred thirty
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six. What is the name of the historic period from three hundred seventy one
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to three hundred sixty one b c. The Theban one hundred thirty seven.
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Why called the Theban period because of the war between the Spartans and Thebans one
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hundred thirty eight. Who was the leading general of thebes Epaminondas one hundred thirty
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nine. What famous battle was fought the Battle of Leuctra one hundred forty What
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was the result of this battle the defeat of the Spartans for the first time
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in their history one hundred forty one. When was this battle fought in the
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year three hundred seventy one b c. One hundred forty two. What did
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Sparta do after the battle sent ambassadors to Athens to solicit aid one hundred forty
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three. How long did Thebes rule Greece until the death of Impaminandes in the
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Battle of Mantania one hundred forty four. When was the Battle of Mantania fought
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in the year three hundred sixty two b c. One hundred forty five.
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What was the result of this battle with the death of the great leader the
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theban cause died one hundred forty six. What effect did these civil and national
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wars have on Greece? The states were so exhausted that they were not able
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to withstand a very formidable invasion one hundred forty seven. Who were the next
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to invade Greece the Macedonians one hundred forty eight. What is this period called
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the Macedonian three hundred sixty two through one hundred forty six b c. One
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hundred forty nine. Who were the Macedonians barbarians who lived just north of Greece
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one hundred fifty What is meant by barbarians The Greeks called all people who did
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not use their language, barbarians or babblers one hundred fifty one. What did
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the Macedonians say as to their own origin? They claimed to be descendants of
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Hercules one hundred fifty two. What privileges did this give them? They were
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admitted to the Olympic Games one hundred fifty three. Who was king of Macedon
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at this time? Philip the Second, who had been a hostage at Thebes
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and had learned the arts of war? One hundred fifty four. Was King
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Philip well educated? He was and could speak the Greek language with great fluency
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one hundred fifty five. What did Philip proceed to do to make war against
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the Athenians one hundred fifty six. What was the result? He defeated the
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Grecians in the Great Battle of Cheroneah August seventh, three hundred thirty eight b
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c. One hundred fifty seven. What did the Athenian Congress do? They
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acknowledged the supremacy of Philip and appointed him to command the Grecian army in their
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proposed war against Persia one hundred fifty eight. What became of Philip? He
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was assassinated at a feast at the age of forty seven years one hundred fifty
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nine. Who succeeded Philip his son Alexander the Great one hundred sixty How old
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was Alexander at this time years? One hundred sixty one? What did the
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Grecian Congress do? Conferred on Alexander the same power they had on his father
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one hundred sixty two. What did Alexander then do with thirty five thousand Greeks?
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He began his march to conquer the world one hundred sixty three. Was
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he successful? He was and became the Oriental monarch one hundred sixty four.
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What did he do? He conquered all Persia and finally tired and built the
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city of Alexandria near the mouth of the now one hundred sixty five. Where
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and when did he die at Babylon three hundred twenty three BC, aged thirty
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three years one hundred sixty six. After his death, what did Greece do
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It formed a confederacy of states one hundred sixty seven. Were they successful?
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They were not, but were still under the control of Macedon one hundred sixty
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eight. What great event happened to Greece in the year one hundred sixty eight
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BC? It became a Roman province one hundred sixty nine. What was Greece
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called by the Romans the province of Acaia one hundred seventy What great orator lived
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at this time? Demosthenes born three hundred eighty five died three hundred twenty two
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b c. One hundred seventy one. Where did Demosthenes live in Athens one
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hundred seventy two. Was he naturally a fine speaker? Was not? Had
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a weak constitution and defective utterance one hundred seventy three. Was he wealthy?
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Was left an orphan at the age of seven years, with some property which
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was squandered by relatives one hundred seventy four. How did he become an orator
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by striving to regain his property and pleading for his rights before the Athenian courts
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one hundred seventy five. Was he successful? At the age of twenty one
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he regained a part of his property one hundred seventy six. What are his
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most noted orations his Philippics one hundred seventy seven. What were the Philippics orations
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against the invasion of Philip one hundred seventy eight. What did the Macedonians do
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with Demosthenes. They threw him into prison, but he escaped by the aid
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of friends, and remained in exile until the death of Alexander one hundred seventy
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nine. Did he ever return? He did, but was again sought by
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the Macedonian king Antipater one hundred eighty Where did he take refuge in the temple?
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One hundred eighty one. Was he captured? He carried with him poison
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to prevent his capture, and before the officers of Antipater could capture him,
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he took from his own hand the fatal dose one hundred eighty two. What
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is the period from one hundred forty six b c. To three hundred ninety
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five Ady called the Roman one hundred eighty three. What did the Romans do
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when they captured Greece? They sacked and burnt the city of Corinth, which
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had been the capital of the Achaian League, and later Caesar rebuilt it one
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hundred eighty four. What may be said of Athens? It continued to be
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the seat of culture and education, and Roman scholars flocked there for his advantages.
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One hundred eighty five. How were the Grecians now governed? Entirely by
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Rome for five hundred forty one years one hundred eighty six. When did Paul
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visit Greece about the year fifty a d. One hundred eighty seven. Where
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did he dwell at Corinth and followed his occupation of tent making for two years?
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One hundred eighty eight. When was the Roman capital removed? And where
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in the year three hundred thirty a d. To Byzantium, a Greek city
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after it known as Constantinople Constantine City one hundred eighty nine. When and how
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was the Roman Empire divided in three hundred ninety five a d into an Eastern
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and Western empire one hundred ninety to which one did Greece belonged on account of
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location to the eastern one hundred ninety one. What period now begins the Byzantine
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three hundred ninety five to fourteen fifty three a d. One hundred ninety two.
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What was the condition of Greece for the next one thousand years? Nothing
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of importance, A few invasions by Normans and Turks one hundred ninety three.
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What finally happened in fourteen fifty three Mohammed the second took Byzantium and conquered all
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Greece one hundred ninety four. What did Greece then become a part of the
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Turkish Empire? One hundred ninety five. What may be said of Greece under
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the Turks? The people were greatly oppressed and the country but little improved one
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hundred ninety six. When was the Greek Church established during the Byzantine period?
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One hundred ninety seven. Has there been any uprising against the Turks? One
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in eighteen twenty one, in which Lord Byron the Poet took sides with the
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Greeks, but one half the population is said to have perished, and large
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tracts of land were reduced to desert one hundred ninety eight. What was the
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result the independence of Greece was proclaimed in eighteen twenty two? One hundred ninety
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nine. What countries formed a league to assist Greece, England, Russia and
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France? Two hundred Who is the present king Prince George two hundred one.
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When did he become king in the year eighteen sixty three? Two hundred two.
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What was the religion of the ancient Greeks? Of mythology which invested every
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stream grove and mountain, with gods and goddesses, nymphs and naads two hundred
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three. How would their deities worship with songs and dance, dramas and festivals,
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spirited contests and gorgeous processions? Two hundred four. Named three great Greek
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tragic poets Eschylus, Sophocles, and Euripide. Two hundred five. Name three
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historians Herodotus called the father of history through Sydides and Xenophon. Two hundred six.
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Named two great sculptors, Phidias and Praxidies. Two hundred seven. What
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are the three styles of Grecian architecture, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian,
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distinguished by the shape of their columns? Two hundred eight. What celebrated Ruin
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is at Athens? The Parthenon originally a temple sacred to Pallas Athene, the
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patron goddess of Athens. Two hundred nine What a said of its sculptures?
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The magnificent sculptures that adorned it were designed by Phidias. Some of them are
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now in the British Museum and are the finest in existence. End of Chapter six