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New Study Using CGMs Reveals Surprising Truth About Your Blood Sugar · Metabolic Mind

• 0:00
  The
• 0:00
  US
• 0:00
  Dietary
• 0:01
  Guidelines
• 0:01
  is
• 0:02
  sort
• 0:02
  of
• 0:02
  a
• 0:02
  one
• 0:02
  size
• 0:02
  fits
• 0:03
  all
• 0:03
  approach
• 0:03
  right
• 0:04
  now,
• 0:04
  and
• 0:04
  I
• 0:04
  think
• 0:05
  our
• 0:05
  Department
• 0:05
  of
• 0:05
  Health
• 0:06
  and
• 0:06
  Human
• 0:06
  Services
• 0:07
  together
• 0:07
  with
• 0:08
  the
• 0:08
  Department
• 0:08
  of
• 0:09
  Agriculture
• 0:10
  are
• 0:10
  considering
• 0:10
  the
• 0:11
  next
• 0:11
  version
• 0:11
  of
• 0:12
  the
• 0:12
  U.S.
• 0:12
  dietary
• 0:13
  guidelines.
• 0:13
  They
• 0:14
  might
• 0:14
  look
• 0:14
  to
• 0:14
  studies
• 0:15
  like
• 0:15
  this
• 0:15
  to
• 0:16
  offer
• 0:16
  a
• 0:17
  sort
• 0:17
  of
• 0:17
  a
• 0:17
  suite
• 0:18
  of
• 0:18
  dietary
• 0:20
  patterns
• 0:20
  or
• 0:21
  suggestions
• 0:22
  depending
• 0:22
  on
• 0:22
  an
• 0:23
  individual's
• 0:24
  unique
• 0:24
  metabolic
• 0:25
  profile.
• 0:30
  Welcome
• 0:31
  to
• 0:31
  the
• 0:31
  Metabolic
• 0:31
  Metabolic
• 0:32
  Mind
• 0:32
  podcast.
• 0:32
  I'm
• 0:32
  your
• 0:33
  host,
• 0:33
  Dr.
• 0:33
  Brett
• 0:33
  Scher.
• 0:34
  Metabolic
• 0:35
  Mind
• 0:35
  is
• 0:35
  a
• 0:35
  non
• 0:35
  profit
• 0:36
  initiative
• 0:36
  of
• 0:36
  Bouzouki
• 0:37
  Group
• 0:37
  where
• 0:38
  we're
• 0:38
  providing
• 0:38
  information
• 0:39
  about
• 0:39
  the
• 0:39
  intersection
• 0:40
  of
• 0:40
  metabolic
• 0:41
  health
• 0:41
  and
• 0:41
  mental
• 0:42
  health
• 0:42
  and
• 0:42
  metabolic
• 0:43
  therapies
• 0:43
  such
• 0:43
  as
• 0:44
  nutritional
• 0:44
  ketosis
• 0:45
  as
• 0:45
  therapies
• 0:46
  for
• 0:46
  mental
• 0:46
  illness.
• 0:47
  Thank
• 0:47
  you
• 0:47
  for
• 0:47
  joining
• 0:48
  us.
• 0:48
  Although
• 0:49
  our
• 0:49
  podcast
• 0:49
  is
• 0:50
  for
• 0:50
  informational
• 0:50
  purposes
• 0:51
  only
• 0:51
  and
• 0:51
  we
• 0:52
  aren't
• 0:52
  giving
• 0:52
  medical
• 0:52
  advice,
• 0:53
  we
• 0:53
  hope
• 0:54
  you
• 0:54
  will
• 0:54
  learn
• 0:54
  from
• 0:54
  our
• 0:54
  content
• 0:55
  and
• 0:55
  it
• 0:55
  will
• 0:55
  help
• 0:56
  facilitate
• 0:56
  discussions
• 0:57
  with
• 0:57
  your
• 0:57
  healthcare
• 0:58
  providers
• 0:58
  to
• 0:58
  see
• 0:59
  if
• 0:59
  you
• 0:59
  could
• 0:59
  benefit
• 0:59
  from
• 1:00
  exploring
• 1:00
  the
• 1:00
  connection
• 1:01
  between
• 1:01
  metabolic
• 1:02
  and
• 1:02
  mental.
• 1:07
  If
• 1:07
  you
• 1:08
  look
• 1:08
  at
• 1:08
  the
• 1:08
  US
• 1:08
  Dietary
• 1:09
  Guidelines,
• 1:09
  it
• 1:09
  seems
• 1:09
  like
• 1:10
  there's
• 1:10
  this
• 1:10
  assumption
• 1:11
  that
• 1:11
  we
• 1:11
  know
• 1:11
  that
• 1:11
  there's
• 1:12
  one
• 1:12
  best
• 1:12
  diet
• 1:12
  and
• 1:13
  one
• 1:13
  best
• 1:13
  way
• 1:13
  to
• 1:13
  eat
• 1:14
  for
• 1:14
  everybody.
• 1:14
  But
• 1:14
  it
• 1:14
  turns
• 1:15
  out
• 1:15
  that's
• 1:15
  probably
• 1:15
  not
• 1:16
  true.
• 1:16
  And
• 1:16
  a
• 1:17
  new
• 1:17
  study
• 1:17
  really
• 1:17
  helps
• 1:18
  shed
• 1:18
  light
• 1:18
  on
• 1:18
  that,
• 1:19
  which
• 1:19
  shows
• 1:20
  how
• 1:20
  two
• 1:20
  individuals
• 1:21
  can
• 1:21
  have
• 1:21
  dramatically
• 1:22
  different
• 1:22
  responses
• 1:23
  to
• 1:23
  the
• 1:23
  exact
• 1:24
  same
• 1:24
  food,
• 1:24
  which
• 1:24
  really
• 1:24
  highlights
• 1:25
  how
• 1:25
  we
• 1:25
  are
• 1:25
  individuals
• 1:26
  and
• 1:26
  we
• 1:27
  might
• 1:27
  need
• 1:27
  a
• 1:27
  more
• 1:27
  individualized
• 1:28
  approach.
• 1:29
  So
• 1:29
  I'm
• 1:29
  joined
• 1:29
  today
• 1:30
  by
• 1:30
  Dr.
• 1:30
  Christina
• 1:31
  Nigro,
• 1:31
  who's
• 1:31
  a
• 1:31
  Program
• 1:32
  Officer
• 1:32
  in
• 1:32
  Neuroscience
• 1:33
  at
• 1:33
  Bouzouki
• 1:34
  Group
• 1:34
  and
• 1:34
  she
• 1:34
  has
• 1:34
  a
• 1:34
  Master's
• 1:35
  degree
• 1:35
  in
• 1:36
  neuroscience
• 1:36
  and
• 1:36
  a
• 1:36
  PhD
• 1:37
  and
• 1:38
  she
• 1:38
  joins
• 1:38
  me
• 1:38
  to
• 1:39
  talk
• 1:39
  about
• 1:39
  this
• 1:39
  study
• 1:39
  which
• 1:40
  really
• 1:40
  helps
• 1:40
  us
• 1:41
  understand
• 1:42
  what
• 1:42
  we
• 1:43
  need
• 1:43
  to
• 1:43
  know
• 1:43
  as
• 1:43
  individuals
• 1:44
  and
• 1:44
  some
• 1:44
  tips
• 1:45
  and
• 1:45
  tools
• 1:45
  that
• 1:45
  we
• 1:46
  can
• 1:46
  use
• 1:46
  to
• 1:47
  help
• 1:47
  us
• 1:47
  better
• 1:47
  understand
• 1:48
  what
• 1:48
  foods
• 1:49
  we
• 1:49
  may
• 1:49
  respond
• 1:50
  better
• 1:50
  to
• 1:50
  or
• 1:51
  less
• 1:51
  well
• 1:51
  to
• 1:52
  and
• 1:53
  sort
• 1:53
  of
• 1:53
  what
• 1:53
  are
• 1:53
  our
• 1:54
  baseline
• 1:54
  characteristics
• 1:55
  that
• 1:55
  may
• 1:55
  predict
• 1:56
  that
• 1:56
  this
• 1:56
  is
• 1:56
  so
• 1:56
  important
• 1:57
  to
• 1:57
  so
• 1:57
  that
• 1:57
  we
• 1:58
  can
• 1:58
  know
• 1:58
  what
• 1:58
  is
• 1:59
  our
• 1:59
  individual
• 2:00
  path
• 2:00
  to
• 2:00
  metabolic
• 2:01
  health.
• 2:01
  Many
• 2:01
  of
• 2:02
  the
• 2:02
  interventions
• 2:02
  we
• 2:02
  discuss
• 2:03
  can
• 2:03
  have
• 2:03
  potentially
• 2:03
  dangerous
• 2:04
  effects
• 2:04
  if
• 2:04
  done
• 2:04
  without
• 2:05
  proper
• 2:05
  supervision.
• 2:06
  Consult
• 2:06
  your
• 2:06
  healthcare
• 2:06
  provider
• 2:07
  before
• 2:07
  changing
• 2:07
  your
• 2:08
  lifestyle
• 2:08
  or
• 2:08
  medications.
• 2:09
  In
• 2:09
  addition,
• 2:09
  it's
• 2:10
  important
• 2:10
  to
• 2:10
  note
• 2:10
  that
• 2:11
  people
• 2:11
  may
• 2:11
  respond
• 2:11
  differently
• 2:12
  to
• 2:12
  ketosis
• 2:12
  and
• 2:12
  there
• 2:13
  isn't
• 2:13
  one
• 2:13
  recognized
• 2:14
  universal
• 2:14
  response.
• 2:21
  Well,
• 2:21
  Christina,
• 2:22
  thanks
• 2:22
  so
• 2:22
  much
• 2:23
  for
• 2:23
  joining
• 2:23
  me
• 2:23
  today.
• 2:24
  Thanks
• 2:25
  for
• 2:25
  having
• 2:25
  me.
• 2:25
  Excited
• 2:26
  to
• 2:26
  be
• 2:26
  here.
• 2:26
  Yeah,
• 2:26
  this
• 2:26
  is
• 2:27
  great.
• 2:27
  We
• 2:27
  have
• 2:27
  the
• 2:27
  opportunity
• 2:28
  to
• 2:28
  work
• 2:28
  together
• 2:28
  at
• 2:29
  Pizookie
• 2:29
  Group,
• 2:29
  but
• 2:30
  now
• 2:30
  my
• 2:30
  first
• 2:30
  time
• 2:30
  to
• 2:31
  interview
• 2:31
  you
• 2:32
  about
• 2:33
  this
• 2:33
  really
• 2:33
  interesting
• 2:34
  study
• 2:34
  that
• 2:34
  really
• 2:35
  kind
• 2:35
  of
• 2:35
  informs
• 2:36
  us
• 2:36
  about
• 2:36
  how
• 2:37
  we're
• 2:37
  all
• 2:37
  a
• 2:37
  little
• 2:37
  different
• 2:38
  and
• 2:38
  how
• 2:38
  we
• 2:38
  react
• 2:38
  to
• 2:39
  foods.
• 2:39
  But
• 2:39
  we'll
• 2:39
  get
• 2:40
  to
• 2:40
  that.
• 2:40
  So
• 2:40
  before
• 2:40
  we
• 2:40
  get
• 2:41
  into
• 2:41
  the
• 2:41
  study,
• 2:41
  though,
• 2:42
  tell
• 2:42
  the
• 2:43
  audience
• 2:43
  a
• 2:43
  little
• 2:43
  bit
• 2:43
  more
• 2:43
  about
• 2:44
  you.
• 2:44
  What
• 2:44
  got
• 2:44
  you
• 2:45
  interested
• 2:45
  into
• 2:46
  the
• 2:46
  brain
• 2:46
  and
• 2:47
  neuroscience
• 2:47
  and
• 2:47
  metabolic
• 2:48
  health
• 2:48
  and
• 2:48
  that
• 2:48
  whole
• 2:49
  connection?
• 2:50
  Yeah,
• 2:50
  I
• 2:50
  mean,
• 2:50
  I
• 2:50
  think
• 2:51
  kind
• 2:51
  of
• 2:51
  as
• 2:51
  far
• 2:51
  back
• 2:51
  as
• 2:52
  I
• 2:52
  can
• 2:52
  remember
• 2:53
  as
• 2:53
  a.
• 2:53
  As
• 2:54
  a
• 2:54
  young
• 2:54
  student
• 2:55
  in
• 2:55
  high
• 2:55
  school,
• 2:56
  I've
• 2:56
  really
• 2:57
  just
• 2:57
  have
• 2:58
  been
• 2:58
  so
• 2:58
  fascinated
• 2:59
  with
• 2:59
  the
• 2:59
  brain,
• 2:59
  trying
• 3:00
  to
• 3:00
  understand
• 3:01
  what's
• 3:01
  going
• 3:01
  on
• 3:02
  inside
• 3:03
  our
• 3:03
  skulls
• 3:03
  and
• 3:03
  how
• 3:03
  that
• 3:04
  makes
• 3:04
  us
• 3:04
  who
• 3:04
  we
• 3:05
  are.
• 3:05
  I
• 3:07
  also
• 3:08
  had
• 3:08
  family
• 3:09
  background
• 3:09
  in
• 3:11
  various
• 3:12
  neurodegenerative
• 3:13
  or
• 3:14
  psychiatric
• 3:14
  diseases.
• 3:15
  So
• 3:15
  my
• 3:15
  grandmother
• 3:16
  has.
• 3:17
  Was
• 3:17
  diagnosed
• 3:17
  with
• 3:17
  Alzheimer's.
• 3:18
  My
• 3:19
  great
• 3:19
  grandfather
• 3:20
  had
• 3:20
  Parkinson's
• 3:21
  and
• 3:21
  Alzheimer's
• 3:22
  disease.
• 3:22
  And
• 3:22
  then
• 3:23
  my
• 3:23
  uncle
• 3:23
  was
• 3:24
  diagnosed
• 3:24
  with
• 3:24
  schizophrenia.
• 3:25
  And
• 3:25
  I,
• 3:26
  you
• 3:26
  know,
• 3:27
  kind
• 3:27
  of
• 3:27
  saw
• 3:27
  the
• 3:27
  impact
• 3:28
  it
• 3:28
  had
• 3:28
  on
• 3:28
  individual
• 3:29
  lives
• 3:29
  and
• 3:29
  was
• 3:29
  just
• 3:30
  so.
• 3:30
  Just
• 3:31
  always
• 3:31
  wondering
• 3:31
  what
• 3:32
  is
• 3:32
  going
• 3:32
  on
• 3:32
  inside
• 3:33
  of
• 3:33
  our
• 3:33
  brains
• 3:33
  to
• 3:33
  make
• 3:34
  this
• 3:34
  happen.
• 3:34
  And
• 3:34
  so
• 3:35
  figured,
• 3:36
  you
• 3:36
  know,
• 3:36
  seemed
• 3:36
  really
• 3:37
  cool
• 3:37
  to
• 3:37
  be
• 3:37
  a
• 3:37
  scientist,
• 3:38
  so
• 3:38
  I
• 3:38
  started
• 3:39
  pursuing
• 3:39
  that
• 3:40
  role
• 3:40
  to
• 3:40
  understand
• 3:41
  from
• 3:42
  that
• 3:42
  perspective.
• 3:42
  And
• 3:42
  then
• 3:43
  over
• 3:43
  time,
• 3:43
  I
• 3:43
  started
• 3:44
  realizing
• 3:45
  that
• 3:45
  there's
• 3:45
  other
• 3:45
  ways
• 3:46
  to
• 3:46
  think
• 3:46
  about
• 3:46
  the
• 3:47
  brain
• 3:47
  and
• 3:47
  other
• 3:48
  kind
• 3:48
  of
• 3:48
  influences
• 3:49
  and
• 3:49
  started
• 3:50
  learning
• 3:50
  more
• 3:50
  about
• 3:50
  metabolic
• 3:51
  health
• 3:51
  and
• 3:51
  what
• 3:52
  we
• 3:52
  eat
• 3:52
  and
• 3:52
  how
• 3:53
  that
• 3:53
  influences
• 3:53
  our
• 3:53
  brain.
• 3:54
  And
• 3:54
  now
• 3:55
  here,
• 3:55
  working
• 3:55
  with
• 3:55
  bouzouki
• 3:56
  group,
• 3:56
  I'm
• 3:56
  learning
• 3:57
  more
• 3:57
  and
• 3:57
  more
• 3:58
  and.
• 3:58
  Yeah,
• 3:58
  it's
• 3:59
  just
• 3:59
  really
• 3:59
  enlightening
• 4:00
  and
• 4:00
  exciting.
• 4:01
  Yeah,
• 4:01
  well,
• 4:01
  thank
• 4:02
  you
• 4:02
  for
• 4:02
  that.
• 4:02
  You
• 4:02
  know,
• 4:02
  it
• 4:02
  is
• 4:03
  funny
• 4:03
  how
• 4:03
  you
• 4:03
  say
• 4:03
  you're
• 4:04
  so
• 4:04
  interested
• 4:04
  about,
• 4:05
  you
• 4:05
  know,
• 4:05
  how
• 4:05
  the
• 4:05
  brain
• 4:05
  works
• 4:06
  and
• 4:06
  everything,
• 4:06
  and
• 4:06
  it
• 4:06
  seems
• 4:07
  like
• 4:07
  if
• 4:08
  for
• 4:08
  medical
• 4:09
  school
• 4:09
  at
• 4:09
  least,
• 4:09
  or,
• 4:10
  you
• 4:10
  know,
• 4:10
  when
• 4:10
  people
• 4:10
  are
• 4:10
  thinking
• 4:11
  about
• 4:11
  becoming
• 4:11
  a
• 4:11
  doctor,
• 4:11
  it's
• 4:12
  almost
• 4:12
  like
• 4:12
  the
• 4:12
  brain
• 4:12
  is
• 4:13
  like
• 4:13
  this
• 4:13
  black
• 4:13
  box
• 4:14
  that
• 4:14
  it
• 4:14
  either
• 4:15
  really
• 4:15
  draws
• 4:15
  you
• 4:16
  to
• 4:16
  it
• 4:16
  or
• 4:16
  sort
• 4:16
  of
• 4:16
  repels
• 4:17
  you
• 4:17
  away
• 4:17
  from
• 4:17
  it.
• 4:17
  It
• 4:18
  really
• 4:18
  seems
• 4:18
  like
• 4:19
  almost
• 4:19
  like
• 4:20
  a
• 4:20
  polar,
• 4:20
  you
• 4:20
  know,
• 4:21
  polar
• 4:21
  opposite
• 4:21
  kind
• 4:22
  of
• 4:22
  draw
• 4:22
  or
• 4:22
  repel.
• 4:23
  So
• 4:23
  good
• 4:23
  to
• 4:23
  see
• 4:23
  that
• 4:24
  you
• 4:24
  were
• 4:24
  drawn
• 4:24
  to
• 4:24
  it
• 4:25
  through
• 4:25
  your
• 4:25
  scientific
• 4:25
  studies.
• 4:27
  Yeah.
• 4:27
  But
• 4:27
  now
• 4:28
  so
• 4:28
  interesting
• 4:29
  what
• 4:29
  we're
• 4:29
  learning
• 4:30
  about
• 4:30
  metabolic
• 4:31
  health
• 4:31
  and
• 4:31
  how
• 4:31
  it
• 4:32
  applies
• 4:32
  to
• 4:32
  brain
• 4:32
  health.
• 4:33
  So
• 4:33
  the
• 4:33
  study
• 4:33
  we're
• 4:33
  talking
• 4:34
  about
• 4:34
  isn't
• 4:34
  really
• 4:34
  about
• 4:35
  the
• 4:35
  brain
• 4:36
  at
• 4:36
  all,
• 4:36
  but
• 4:36
  it's
• 4:36
  about
• 4:37
  metabolic
• 4:38
  health
• 4:38
  and
• 4:38
  how
• 4:39
  our
• 4:39
  bodies
• 4:39
  respond
• 4:40
  to
• 4:40
  what
• 4:40
  we
• 4:40
  eat.
• 4:41
  So
• 4:41
  the
• 4:41
  study's
• 4:41
  called
• 4:41
  Individual
• 4:42
  Variations
• 4:43
  in
• 4:43
  Glycemic
• 4:44
  Responses
• 4:44
  to
• 4:44
  Carbohydrates
• 4:46
  and
• 4:46
  Underlying
• 4:47
  Metabolic
• 4:47
  Physiology,
• 4:48
  and
• 4:48
  it
• 4:48
  was
• 4:48
  published
• 4:49
  in
• 4:49
  Nature
• 4:49
  Medicine.
• 4:50
  So
• 4:50
  there's.
• 4:50
  There's
• 4:50
  a
• 4:50
  lot
• 4:51
  in
• 4:51
  there.
• 4:51
  Right.
• 4:51
  Individual
• 4:52
  variations.
• 4:52
  We're
• 4:53
  talking
• 4:53
  about
• 4:53
  how
• 4:54
  we
• 4:54
  as
• 4:54
  individuals
• 4:55
  aren't
• 4:55
  necessarily
• 4:56
  the
• 4:56
  same
• 4:56
  as
• 4:56
  everybody
• 4:57
  else,
• 4:57
  and
• 4:58
  glycemic
• 4:58
  responses.
• 4:59
  So
• 4:59
  it's
• 4:59
  about
• 4:59
  how
• 4:59
  our
• 4:59
  sugar
• 5:00
  responds
• 5:00
  to
• 5:01
  carbohydrates.
• 5:02
  So
• 5:03
  different
• 5:03
  versions
• 5:03
  of
• 5:04
  carbohydrates
• 5:04
  and
• 5:05
  underlying
• 5:05
  metabolic
• 5:06
  physiology
• 5:06
  and
• 5:07
  how
• 5:07
  our
• 5:07
  physiology
• 5:08
  sort
• 5:08
  of
• 5:08
  impacts
• 5:09
  that.
• 5:09
  So
• 5:10
  the
• 5:10
  title
• 5:10
  is
• 5:11
  really
• 5:11
  informative.
• 5:11
  But
• 5:12
  tell
• 5:12
  us,
• 5:12
  you
• 5:12
  know,
• 5:13
  with
• 5:13
  the
• 5:13
  setup
• 5:14
  of
• 5:14
  the
• 5:14
  study,
• 5:14
  what
• 5:14
  are
• 5:14
  the.
• 5:15
  Some
• 5:15
  of
• 5:15
  the
• 5:15
  things
• 5:15
  that
• 5:15
  stood
• 5:16
  out
• 5:16
  for
• 5:16
  you
• 5:17
  about
• 5:17
  how
• 5:17
  they
• 5:17
  designed
• 5:18
  it
• 5:18
  that
• 5:18
  were
• 5:19
  sort
• 5:19
  of,
• 5:19
  kind
• 5:19
  of
• 5:19
  helpful
• 5:20
  or
• 5:20
  unique?
• 5:20
  Sure.
• 5:21
  And
• 5:21
  yeah,
• 5:21
  you
• 5:21
  set
• 5:21
  it
• 5:22
  up
• 5:22
  really
• 5:22
  well.
• 5:23
  The
• 5:23
  researchers
• 5:24
  are
• 5:24
  really
• 5:25
  trying
• 5:25
  to
• 5:25
  understand
• 5:26
  how
• 5:26
  an
• 5:27
  individual's
• 5:27
  underlying
• 5:28
  metabolic
• 5:28
  physiologic
• 5:29
  molecular
• 5:30
  profile
• 5:31
  shape
• 5:31
  their
• 5:31
  response
• 5:32
  to
• 5:33
  eating
• 5:34
  various
• 5:34
  foods,
• 5:34
  specifically
• 5:35
  carb,
• 5:35
  carb
• 5:36
  heavy
• 5:36
  foods.
• 5:37
  And
• 5:37
  they
• 5:37
  really
• 5:37
  were
• 5:38
  trying
• 5:38
  to
• 5:38
  see
• 5:38
  whether
• 5:39
  CGMs,
• 5:40
  continuous
• 5:40
  glucose
• 5:41
  monitors,
• 5:41
  are
• 5:42
  a
• 5:42
  good
• 5:42
  way
• 5:42
  to
• 5:42
  track
• 5:43
  individual
• 5:43
  responses
• 5:44
  to
• 5:44
  eating
• 5:45
  foods.
• 5:46
  So
• 5:46
  as
• 5:47
  a
• 5:47
  way
• 5:47
  to
• 5:47
  do
• 5:47
  that,
• 5:47
  they
• 5:48
  recruited
• 5:49
  55
• 5:49
  adults,
• 5:50
  all
• 5:50
  from
• 5:51
  the
• 5:51
  San
• 5:51
  Francisco
• 5:51
  Bay
• 5:52
  area
• 5:52
  with
• 5:52
  no
• 5:53
  history
• 5:53
  of
• 5:53
  diabetes.
• 5:54
  And
• 5:55
  what's
• 5:55
  cool
• 5:55
  is
• 5:55
  each
• 5:56
  of
• 5:56
  these
• 5:56
  individuals
• 5:57
  went
• 5:57
  through
• 5:57
  some
• 5:57
  pretty
• 5:58
  serious
• 5:58
  testing.
• 5:59
  Not
• 5:59
  just
• 6:00
  eating
• 6:00
  meals,
• 6:00
  which
• 6:00
  is
• 6:01
  part
• 6:01
  of
• 6:01
  the
• 6:01
  study
• 6:01
  and
• 6:01
  I'll
• 6:01
  get
• 6:02
  to,
• 6:02
  but
• 6:03
  undergoing
• 6:03
  metabolic
• 6:04
  tests
• 6:04
  to
• 6:04
  measure
• 6:05
  insulin
• 6:05
  sensitivity
• 6:06
  and
• 6:07
  how
• 6:07
  their
• 6:07
  bodies
• 6:07
  handle
• 6:08
  sugar.
• 6:09
  And
• 6:09
  each
• 6:09
  of
• 6:09
  the
• 6:09
  participants
• 6:10
  wore
• 6:11
  continuous
• 6:12
  glucose
• 6:12
  monitors
• 6:13
  throughout
• 6:13
  the
• 6:14
  study.
• 6:15
  So
• 6:15
  they
• 6:16
  would
• 6:17
  wear
• 6:17
  their
• 6:18
  CGM
• 6:19
  and
• 6:19
  then
• 6:19
  they
• 6:19
  would
• 6:19
  log
• 6:20
  everything
• 6:20
  they
• 6:20
  ate
• 6:21
  in
• 6:21
  an
• 6:21
  app
• 6:21
  and
• 6:22
  the
• 6:22
  researchers
• 6:22
  could
• 6:23
  sync
• 6:23
  the
• 6:23
  data
• 6:23
  to
• 6:23
  see
• 6:24
  exactly
• 6:24
  how
• 6:25
  blood
• 6:25
  sugar
• 6:25
  was
• 6:26
  changing
• 6:26
  before
• 6:26
  and
• 6:26
  after
• 6:26
  eating
• 6:27
  meals.
• 6:27
  Yeah,
• 6:27
  and
• 6:28
  I
• 6:28
  like
• 6:28
  how
• 6:28
  you,
• 6:29
  you
• 6:29
  talked
• 6:29
  about
• 6:29
  the
• 6:30
  sort
• 6:30
  of
• 6:30
  workup,
• 6:31
  the
• 6:31
  extensive
• 6:31
  workup
• 6:32
  they
• 6:32
  had.
• 6:32
  It
• 6:32
  wasn't
• 6:33
  just
• 6:33
  one
• 6:33
  test
• 6:33
  to
• 6:34
  see
• 6:34
  if
• 6:34
  they
• 6:34
  were
• 6:34
  insulin
• 6:35
  resistant
• 6:35
  or
• 6:35
  sensitive.
• 6:36
  They
• 6:36
  had.
• 6:36
  They
• 6:36
  all
• 6:37
  went
• 6:37
  underwent
• 6:37
  four
• 6:38
  different
• 6:38
  tests
• 6:39
  to
• 6:40
  really
• 6:40
  make
• 6:40
  sure
• 6:40
  they
• 6:40
  were
• 6:41
  studied
• 6:41
  pretty
• 6:41
  deeply
• 6:42
  about
• 6:43
  their
• 6:43
  insulin
• 6:44
  sensitivity,
• 6:44
  which
• 6:45
  was
• 6:45
  sort
• 6:45
  of
• 6:45
  a
• 6:45
  big
• 6:46
  core
• 6:46
  of
• 6:46
  this,
• 6:46
  of
• 6:47
  this
• 6:47
  study.
• 6:47
  You
• 6:47
  know,
• 6:48
  how
• 6:48
  do
• 6:48
  insulin
• 6:48
  sensitive
• 6:49
  versus
• 6:49
  insulin
• 6:49
  resistant
• 6:50
  people
• 6:50
  react
• 6:51
  differently?
• 6:52
  And
• 6:53
  the
• 6:53
  other
• 6:53
  interesting
• 6:54
  thing
• 6:54
  I
• 6:54
  thought
• 6:54
  was,
• 6:54
  you
• 6:54
  know,
• 6:54
  so
• 6:55
  did
• 6:55
  the
• 6:55
  amount
• 6:55
  of
• 6:56
  carbohydrates
• 6:57
  that.
• 6:58
  It
• 6:58
  was
• 6:58
  50
• 6:58
  grams
• 6:59
  of
• 6:59
  carbohydrates,
• 7:00
  which,
• 7:00
  which
• 7:01
  a
• 7:01
  lot
• 7:01
  of
• 7:01
  people
• 7:01
  may
• 7:01
  not
• 7:02
  understand
• 7:02
  what
• 7:03
  that
• 7:03
  means,
• 7:03
  but,
• 7:04
  you
• 7:04
  know,
• 7:04
  it's,
• 7:04
  it's
• 7:05
  a,
• 7:06
  from
• 7:06
  a
• 7:07
  low
• 7:07
  carb
• 7:07
  perspective,
• 7:08
  it's
• 7:08
  a
• 7:08
  lot
• 7:08
  of
• 7:08
  carbohydrates
• 7:09
  in
• 7:09
  a
• 7:09
  meal,
• 7:09
  but
• 7:09
  from
• 7:09
  a
• 7:10
  standard
• 7:10
  American
• 7:10
  diet,
• 7:11
  it's
• 7:11
  actually
• 7:11
  not
• 7:11
  that
• 7:11
  many
• 7:12
  carbs
• 7:12
  in
• 7:12
  a
• 7:12
  meal.
• 7:13
  So
• 7:13
  I
• 7:13
  thought
• 7:14
  that
• 7:14
  was
• 7:14
  kind
• 7:14
  of
• 7:14
  an
• 7:14
  interesting
• 7:15
  setup
• 7:15
  too.
• 7:15
  So
• 7:15
  tell
• 7:16
  us
• 7:16
  about
• 7:16
  the
• 7:16
  different
• 7:17
  carbohydrates
• 7:18
  that
• 7:18
  they
• 7:18
  tested.
• 7:18
  Sure.
• 7:19
  So,
• 7:20
  you
• 7:20
  know,
• 7:20
  you
• 7:20
  pointed
• 7:20
  to
• 7:21
  the
• 7:21
  50
• 7:21
  grams
• 7:22
  of
• 7:22
  carbs.
• 7:22
  That
• 7:23
  was
• 7:23
  sort
• 7:23
  of
• 7:23
  the,
• 7:24
  a
• 7:24
  standardized
• 7:25
  way
• 7:26
  to
• 7:27
  compare
• 7:27
  the
• 7:28
  various
• 7:28
  carb
• 7:28
  groups.
• 7:29
  So
• 7:29
  although
• 7:30
  they
• 7:30
  each
• 7:31
  had
• 7:31
  50
• 7:31
  grams
• 7:31
  of
• 7:32
  carbs,
• 7:32
  that
• 7:33
  the
• 7:33
  carbs
• 7:33
  contained
• 7:34
  in
• 7:34
  them
• 7:34
  were
• 7:35
  slightly
• 7:35
  different.
• 7:35
  So
• 7:36
  five
• 7:36
  of
• 7:36
  the
• 7:36
  seven
• 7:37
  carb
• 7:37
  based
• 7:38
  meals
• 7:38
  were
• 7:38
  starchy
• 7:39
  meals.
• 7:40
  Those
• 7:40
  included
• 7:40
  rice,
• 7:41
  potatoes,
• 7:42
  Pasta,
• 7:43
  white
• 7:43
  bread,
• 7:43
  black
• 7:44
  beans.
• 7:44
  And
• 7:44
  then
• 7:45
  two
• 7:45
  of
• 7:45
  the
• 7:45
  seven
• 7:45
  meals
• 7:46
  were
• 7:46
  more
• 7:46
  simple
• 7:47
  carbs,
• 7:47
  grapes
• 7:48
  and
• 7:48
  mixed
• 7:48
  berries.
• 7:49
  And
• 7:50
  each
• 7:50
  of
• 7:50
  the
• 7:51
  individuals
• 7:51
  would
• 7:52
  eat
• 7:52
  these
• 7:52
  meals
• 7:53
  at
• 7:54
  least
• 7:54
  multiple
• 7:55
  times.
• 7:55
  So
• 7:55
  the
• 7:56
  researchers
• 7:56
  could
• 7:57
  kind
• 7:57
  of
• 7:57
  see
• 7:58
  how
• 7:58
  consistent
• 7:58
  their
• 7:59
  blood
• 7:59
  sugar,
• 8:00
  blood
• 8:00
  sugar
• 8:00
  responses
• 8:01
  were
• 8:01
  to
• 8:02
  each
• 8:02
  of
• 8:02
  these
• 8:03
  carb
• 8:03
  based
• 8:03
  meals.
• 8:04
  Yeah,
• 8:05
  and
• 8:05
  now
• 8:05
  so
• 8:05
  that
• 8:05
  was
• 8:06
  one
• 8:06
  big
• 8:06
  chunk
• 8:06
  of
• 8:06
  the
• 8:07
  study
• 8:07
  was
• 8:07
  how
• 8:07
  do
• 8:07
  they
• 8:08
  respond
• 8:08
  to
• 8:08
  the
• 8:08
  meals.
• 8:08
  But
• 8:09
  the
• 8:09
  other
• 8:09
  part
• 8:09
  was
• 8:10
  their
• 8:10
  use
• 8:10
  of
• 8:10
  what
• 8:11
  they
• 8:11
  called
• 8:11
  mitigators.
• 8:12
  So
• 8:12
  tell
• 8:12
  us
• 8:12
  a
• 8:12
  little
• 8:12
  bit
• 8:13
  about
• 8:13
  that
• 8:13
  section.
• 8:14
  Yeah.
• 8:14
  So
• 8:15
  sometimes
• 8:16
  before
• 8:17
  eating
• 8:17
  one
• 8:17
  of
• 8:17
  these
• 8:17
  carb
• 8:18
  based
• 8:18
  meals,
• 8:19
  the
• 8:20
  participants
• 8:20
  were
• 8:21
  asked
• 8:21
  to
• 8:21
  eat
• 8:21
  a
• 8:21
  mitigator
• 8:22
  a
• 8:23
  few
• 8:23
  minutes
• 8:23
  before
• 8:24
  eating
• 8:24
  these
• 8:24
  meals.
• 8:24
  So
• 8:25
  there
• 8:25
  were
• 8:25
  three
• 8:25
  different
• 8:25
  type
• 8:25
  of
• 8:26
  mitigators
• 8:26
  that
• 8:27
  they
• 8:27
  were
• 8:27
  asked
• 8:27
  to
• 8:28
  try
• 8:28
  out.
• 8:28
  One
• 8:29
  it
• 8:30
  that
• 8:30
  fell
• 8:30
  into
• 8:30
  three
• 8:31
  groups.
• 8:31
  Fiber,
• 8:32
  protein
• 8:33
  and
• 8:33
  fat.
• 8:33
  And
• 8:34
  so
• 8:34
  there
• 8:34
  was
• 8:34
  fiber
• 8:34
  powder
• 8:35
  and
• 8:35
  pea,
• 8:35
  fiber
• 8:36
  powder,
• 8:36
  boiled
• 8:37
  egg
• 8:37
  whites
• 8:38
  and
• 8:38
  creme
• 8:38
  fraiche
• 8:39
  for
• 8:39
  the
• 8:39
  fat.
• 8:40
  So
• 8:41
  in,
• 8:41
  in
• 8:42
  some
• 8:42
  instances
• 8:43
  they
• 8:43
  could
• 8:43
  see
• 8:43
  that
• 8:43
  these
• 8:44
  mitigators
• 8:44
  were
• 8:44
  able
• 8:45
  to
• 8:45
  blunt
• 8:46
  the
• 8:46
  response
• 8:47
  of
• 8:47
  the,
• 8:48
  the
• 8:48
  glycemic
• 8:49
  response
• 8:49
  that
• 8:50
  came
• 8:50
  as
• 8:50
  a
• 8:50
  result
• 8:50
  of
• 8:51
  eating
• 8:51
  the
• 8:51
  carb
• 8:51
  based
• 8:52
  meal.
• 8:52
  Well,
• 8:52
  I'm
• 8:53
  sure
• 8:53
  we'll
• 8:53
  talk
• 8:53
  more
• 8:53
  about
• 8:53
  that.
• 8:54
  Yeah,
• 8:54
  yeah.
• 8:54
  So
• 8:55
  yeah,
• 8:55
  so
• 8:55
  mitigator
• 8:56
  just
• 8:56
  meaning
• 8:56
  mitigating
• 8:57
  or
• 8:57
  being
• 8:57
  able
• 8:58
  to
• 8:58
  sort
• 8:58
  of
• 8:58
  lessen
• 8:59
  the,
• 9:00
  the
• 9:00
  glucose
• 9:01
  response
• 9:01
  to
• 9:01
  the
• 9:01
  meal.
• 9:02
  And
• 9:02
  I
• 9:02
  think
• 9:02
  that
• 9:02
  was,
• 9:03
  I
• 9:03
  really
• 9:03
  like
• 9:04
  that
• 9:04
  they
• 9:04
  added
• 9:04
  that
• 9:05
  in
• 9:05
  there
• 9:05
  because
• 9:05
  we
• 9:05
  hear
• 9:05
  all
• 9:06
  the
• 9:06
  time,
• 9:06
  oh,
• 9:06
  if
• 9:06
  you're
• 9:07
  going
• 9:07
  to
• 9:07
  eat
• 9:07
  your
• 9:07
  carbs,
• 9:07
  you
• 9:07
  know,
• 9:08
  make
• 9:08
  sure
• 9:08
  you
• 9:08
  eat
• 9:08
  your
• 9:08
  protein
• 9:09
  first
• 9:09
  or
• 9:09
  your
• 9:09
  protein
• 9:09
  and
• 9:09
  your
• 9:10
  fat
• 9:10
  first
• 9:10
  or
• 9:10
  make
• 9:10
  sure
• 9:10
  you
• 9:11
  get
• 9:11
  lots
• 9:11
  of
• 9:11
  fiber
• 9:11
  first,
• 9:11
  like
• 9:12
  eat
• 9:12
  your
• 9:12
  salad
• 9:13
  before
• 9:13
  your
• 9:13
  meal
• 9:13
  or
• 9:14
  you
• 9:14
  know,
• 9:14
  things
• 9:14
  like
• 9:14
  that
• 9:15
  that
• 9:15
  can
• 9:15
  help
• 9:15
  with
• 9:15
  the
• 9:16
  glucose
• 9:16
  response.
• 9:17
  But
• 9:17
  what
• 9:17
  are
• 9:17
  a
• 9:17
  couple
• 9:18
  of
• 9:18
  the
• 9:18
  sort
• 9:18
  of
• 9:18
  the
• 9:18
  big
• 9:18
  take
• 9:19
  homes
• 9:19
  or
• 9:19
  the
• 9:19
  main
• 9:19
  results
• 9:20
  that
• 9:20
  you
• 9:20
  saw?
• 9:21
  Sure.
• 9:21
  I
• 9:21
  mean
• 9:21
  some
• 9:21
  of
• 9:22
  them
• 9:22
  are,
• 9:22
  you
• 9:23
  know,
• 9:23
  more,
• 9:24
  others
• 9:24
  like
• 9:25
  the
• 9:25
  more
• 9:25
  starchy
• 9:26
  meals,
• 9:26
  rice,
• 9:26
  potatoes,
• 9:27
  pasta,
• 9:27
  bread,
• 9:28
  cause
• 9:28
  bigger
• 9:28
  sugar
• 9:29
  spikes
• 9:29
  than
• 9:30
  the
• 9:30
  fruit
• 9:30
  based
• 9:30
  meals
• 9:31
  like
• 9:31
  grapes
• 9:31
  and
• 9:31
  berries.
• 9:33
  And
• 9:34
  as
• 9:34
  you
• 9:34
  might
• 9:34
  expect
• 9:34
  when
• 9:35
  we're
• 9:35
  talking
• 9:35
  about
• 9:35
  these
• 9:35
  mitigators,
• 9:36
  the
• 9:36
  word
• 9:37
  that
• 9:37
  kind
• 9:37
  of
• 9:37
  gives
• 9:38
  a
• 9:38
  hint
• 9:38
  as
• 9:39
  to
• 9:39
  what
• 9:39
  they
• 9:39
  do
• 9:40
  they
• 9:40
  eating.
• 9:41
  And
• 9:41
  mitigators
• 9:41
  typically
• 9:42
  did
• 9:42
  help
• 9:42
  reduce
• 9:43
  those
• 9:43
  spikes.
• 9:44
  But
• 9:44
  you
• 9:44
  know,
• 9:44
  importantly
• 9:45
  and
• 9:45
  kind
• 9:45
  of
• 9:45
  the
• 9:46
  main
• 9:46
  findings
• 9:46
  of
• 9:46
  the
• 9:47
  study
• 9:47
  is
• 9:47
  that
• 9:47
  the
• 9:47
  effect
• 9:48
  size
• 9:48
  differed
• 9:49
  between
• 9:49
  individuals.
• 9:50
  Yeah.
• 9:50
  So
• 9:50
  let's
• 9:50
  talk
• 9:51
  about
• 9:51
  the
• 9:51
  mitigators
• 9:51
  for
• 9:51
  a
• 9:52
  sec.
• 9:52
  So.
• 9:52
  Yeah,
• 9:52
  yeah,
• 9:52
  tell
• 9:53
  us
• 9:53
  about,
• 9:53
  you
• 9:53
  know,
• 9:53
  who
• 9:53
  had
• 9:54
  a
• 9:54
  better
• 9:54
  response
• 9:54
  or
• 9:55
  a
• 9:55
  less
• 9:55
  good
• 9:55
  response.
• 9:56
  Yeah,
• 9:56
  so
• 9:56
  I
• 9:56
  mean
• 9:57
  another
• 9:57
  interesting
• 9:57
  part
• 9:58
  of
• 9:58
  the
• 9:58
  study
• 9:58
  is
• 9:59
  that
• 10:00
  individuals,
• 10:00
  although
• 10:01
  within
• 10:02
  individual
• 10:03
  there
• 10:03
  was
• 10:04
  pretty
• 10:05
  consistent
• 10:05
  responses
• 10:06
  across
• 10:07
  individuals,
• 10:08
  you
• 10:08
  might
• 10:08
  have
• 10:09
  different
• 10:09
  types
• 10:10
  of
• 10:10
  Responses.
• 10:10
  So,
• 10:11
  so
• 10:11
  for
• 10:11
  example,
• 10:11
  you
• 10:11
  could
• 10:12
  break
• 10:12
  people
• 10:12
  into
• 10:12
  potato
• 10:13
  spikers.
• 10:14
  People
• 10:14
  who
• 10:14
  are
• 10:14
  potato
• 10:15
  spikers
• 10:15
  were
• 10:16
  more
• 10:16
  likely
• 10:16
  to
• 10:16
  have
• 10:17
  a
• 10:17
  bigger
• 10:18
  and
• 10:18
  longer
• 10:18
  lasting
• 10:19
  glucose
• 10:20
  blood
• 10:21
  sugar
• 10:21
  spike
• 10:22
  as
• 10:22
  compared
• 10:22
  to
• 10:23
  someone
• 10:23
  who
• 10:23
  would
• 10:23
  be
• 10:24
  labeled
• 10:24
  a
• 10:25
  grape
• 10:25
  spiker.
• 10:27
  And
• 10:27
  the
• 10:27
  mitigators
• 10:28
  for
• 10:28
  specifically
• 10:29
  the
• 10:29
  potato
• 10:30
  spikers
• 10:30
  tended
• 10:31
  to
• 10:31
  have
• 10:31
  less
• 10:31
  of
• 10:32
  an
• 10:32
  effect
• 10:32
  on
• 10:32
  blunting
• 10:33
  or
• 10:34
  mitigating
• 10:35
  the
• 10:35
  glucose
• 10:36
  response
• 10:37
  after
• 10:37
  eating
• 10:37
  that
• 10:37
  meal.
• 10:38
  And
• 10:38
  that
• 10:39
  was
• 10:39
  the
• 10:39
  research
• 10:40
  just
• 10:40
  included
• 10:40
  was
• 10:40
  because
• 10:41
  the
• 10:41
  potato
• 10:41
  spikers
• 10:42
  tended
• 10:42
  to
• 10:42
  be
• 10:43
  insulin
• 10:43
  resistant
• 10:44
  and
• 10:44
  so
• 10:45
  the
• 10:45
  mitigation
• 10:46
  effect
• 10:47
  really
• 10:47
  was
• 10:47
  not
• 10:47
  able
• 10:48
  to
• 10:48
  be
• 10:48
  achieved
• 10:49
  because
• 10:49
  these
• 10:49
  people
• 10:50
  had
• 10:50
  insulin
• 10:51
  resistance,
• 10:52
  whereas
• 10:53
  grape
• 10:53
  spikers
• 10:54
  tended
• 10:54
  to
• 10:54
  be
• 10:54
  more
• 10:55
  insulin
• 10:55
  sensitive.
• 10:56
  And
• 10:56
  the
• 10:56
  mitigators
• 10:57
  did
• 10:57
  have
• 10:57
  a
• 10:58
  bigger
• 10:58
  effect
• 10:59
  on
• 10:59
  reducing
• 11:00
  that
• 11:00
  glucose
• 11:01
  spike.
• 11:01
  Yeah,
• 11:01
  yeah,
• 11:02
  I
• 11:02
  thought
• 11:02
  that
• 11:02
  was
• 11:02
  super
• 11:02
  interesting
• 11:03
  that
• 11:03
  the
• 11:03
  people
• 11:03
  who
• 11:04
  are
• 11:04
  insulin
• 11:04
  sensitive
• 11:05
  had
• 11:05
  a
• 11:05
  much
• 11:06
  greater
• 11:06
  impact
• 11:07
  on
• 11:07
  the
• 11:08
  mitigators
• 11:08
  and
• 11:08
  all
• 11:08
  three
• 11:09
  of
• 11:09
  the
• 11:09
  mitigators,
• 11:09
  fiber,
• 11:10
  fat
• 11:10
  and
• 11:10
  protein,
• 11:11
  whereas
• 11:11
  those
• 11:11
  who
• 11:12
  are
• 11:12
  insulin
• 11:12
  resistance
• 11:13
  didn't.
• 11:13
  So,
• 11:14
  so
• 11:14
  right
• 11:14
  away,
• 11:15
  you
• 11:15
  know,
• 11:15
  one
• 11:15
  of
• 11:15
  these
• 11:15
  individualization
• 11:16
  take
• 11:17
  home
• 11:17
  messages
• 11:18
  and,
• 11:18
  and
• 11:18
  benefits
• 11:19
  of
• 11:19
  a
• 11:19
  CGM
• 11:19
  is
• 11:20
  that,
• 11:20
  you
• 11:20
  know,
• 11:20
  we
• 11:21
  hear
• 11:21
  people
• 11:21
  say
• 11:21
  eat
• 11:22
  your
• 11:22
  protein
• 11:22
  and
• 11:22
  your
• 11:22
  fat
• 11:23
  before
• 11:23
  your
• 11:23
  carbs
• 11:23
  and
• 11:24
  it's
• 11:24
  going
• 11:24
  to
• 11:24
  help.
• 11:24
  Well,
• 11:25
  maybe
• 11:25
  it's
• 11:25
  not
• 11:25
  if
• 11:26
  you're
• 11:26
  already
• 11:26
  insulin
• 11:27
  resistant.
• 11:27
  And
• 11:27
  the
• 11:27
  way
• 11:28
  you
• 11:28
  can
• 11:28
  learn
• 11:28
  is
• 11:28
  by
• 11:29
  wearing
• 11:29
  a
• 11:29
  cgm.
• 11:30
  So
• 11:30
  I
• 11:30
  mean,
• 11:30
  that
• 11:30
  was
• 11:31
  a
• 11:31
  huge
• 11:31
  take
• 11:31
  home
• 11:31
  for
• 11:31
  me.
• 11:32
  What
• 11:32
  do
• 11:32
  you
• 11:32
  think
• 11:32
  there?
• 11:33
  Yeah,
• 11:33
  exactly,
• 11:34
  you
• 11:34
  brought
• 11:34
  that
• 11:34
  up.
• 11:35
  I
• 11:35
  think
• 11:35
  that's
• 11:36
  a
• 11:36
  big
• 11:36
  takeaway
• 11:37
  is
• 11:37
  that
• 11:38
  CGMs
• 11:39
  are,
• 11:40
  you
• 11:40
  know,
• 11:40
  can
• 11:40
  be
• 11:40
  a
• 11:40
  reliable
• 11:41
  proxy
• 11:41
  for
• 11:42
  individuals
• 11:42
  to
• 11:42
  monitor
• 11:43
  their
• 11:44
  individual
• 11:44
  responses.
• 11:45
  So
• 11:46
  not
• 11:46
  only
• 11:46
  for
• 11:47
  research
• 11:47
  purposes,
• 11:48
  this
• 11:48
  paper
• 11:49
  has
• 11:50
  produced
• 11:50
  some
• 11:50
  pretty
• 11:51
  good
• 11:51
  evidence
• 11:51
  that
• 11:51
  CGMs
• 11:52
  can
• 11:52
  help
• 11:53
  us
• 11:53
  understand
• 11:54
  our
• 11:54
  underlying
• 11:55
  physiology
• 11:56
  behind
• 11:56
  our
• 11:57
  blood
• 11:57
  sugar
• 11:57
  responses.
• 11:58
  So
• 11:58
  if
• 11:58
  an
• 11:58
  individual
• 11:59
  has
• 12:00
  a
• 12:00
  meal
• 12:00
  throughout
• 12:00
  the
• 12:01
  day,
• 12:01
  they
• 12:01
  can
• 12:01
  check
• 12:02
  their
• 12:02
  CGM
• 12:03
  to
• 12:03
  have
• 12:03
  an
• 12:03
  understanding
• 12:04
  about
• 12:04
  how
• 12:04
  their
• 12:05
  blood
• 12:05
  glucose
• 12:06
  is
• 12:06
  being
• 12:06
  affected
• 12:07
  after
• 12:07
  eating
• 12:07
  that
• 12:07
  meal.
• 12:08
  So
• 12:08
  yeah,
• 12:08
  so,
• 12:08
  so
• 12:09
  that's
• 12:09
  you.
• 12:09
  We
• 12:09
  talked
• 12:10
  about
• 12:10
  the
• 12:10
  mitigators
• 12:10
  first.
• 12:11
  I
• 12:12
  thought
• 12:12
  that
• 12:12
  was
• 12:12
  super
• 12:12
  interesting.
• 12:13
  But
• 12:13
  now
• 12:13
  let's
• 12:13
  talk
• 12:13
  about
• 12:14
  sort
• 12:14
  of
• 12:15
  the
• 12:15
  other
• 12:15
  aspects
• 12:16
  of
• 12:16
  the
• 12:17
  glucose
• 12:18
  results
• 12:18
  and
• 12:19
  looking
• 12:19
  at
• 12:19
  some
• 12:20
  of
• 12:20
  these
• 12:20
  graphs
• 12:20
  and
• 12:20
  we
• 12:21
  can
• 12:21
  put
• 12:21
  a
• 12:21
  graph
• 12:21
  up.
• 12:22
  So
• 12:22
  looking
• 12:22
  at
• 12:22
  some
• 12:22
  of
• 12:22
  these
• 12:23
  graphs,
• 12:23
  like
• 12:23
  you
• 12:23
  already
• 12:23
  mentioned,
• 12:24
  the
• 12:24
  bread
• 12:24
  spiker
• 12:25
  and
• 12:25
  the
• 12:25
  pasta
• 12:25
  spiker
• 12:26
  and
• 12:26
  the
• 12:26
  potato
• 12:26
  spiker.
• 12:27
  But
• 12:27
  what
• 12:28
  I
• 12:28
  thought
• 12:28
  was
• 12:28
  super
• 12:28
  interesting
• 12:29
  is
• 12:29
  you
• 12:29
  look
• 12:30
  at
• 12:30
  the
• 12:30
  graphs
• 12:30
  and
• 12:30
  someone
• 12:31
  up
• 12:31
  to
• 12:31
  220,
• 12:32
  some,
• 12:32
  you
• 12:32
  know,
• 12:32
  went
• 12:33
  up
• 12:33
  to
• 12:33
  140,
• 12:34
  some
• 12:34
  hardly
• 12:35
  spiked
• 12:35
  at
• 12:35
  all.
• 12:36
  So
• 12:36
  what
• 12:36
  did
• 12:36
  they
• 12:37
  find
• 12:37
  about
• 12:37
  the
• 12:37
  differences
• 12:38
  between
• 12:38
  individuals
• 12:39
  who
• 12:39
  did
• 12:39
  or
• 12:39
  did
• 12:40
  not
• 12:40
  spike
• 12:40
  to
• 12:40
  each
• 12:41
  of
• 12:41
  these,
• 12:41
  you.
• 12:41
  Know,
• 12:42
  type
• 12:42
  of
• 12:42
  carbohydrates
• 12:43
  yeah,
• 12:43
  it
• 12:43
  was
• 12:44
  really
• 12:44
  interesting.
• 12:44
  So
• 12:45
  this
• 12:45
  figure
• 12:45
  here
• 12:46
  shows
• 12:46
  how
• 12:47
  people
• 12:47
  can
• 12:47
  be
• 12:48
  broken
• 12:48
  up
• 12:49
  by
• 12:50
  the
• 12:50
  type
• 12:51
  of
• 12:52
  carb
• 12:52
  responder
• 12:53
  they
• 12:53
  were.
• 12:53
  So
• 12:54
  they
• 12:54
  were
• 12:54
  breaking
• 12:55
  people
• 12:55
  into
• 12:56
  bread
• 12:57
  spiker,
• 12:57
  for
• 12:58
  example,
• 12:58
  pasta
• 12:58
  spiker
• 12:59
  based
• 12:59
  on
• 13:00
  what
• 13:00
  their
• 13:01
  glycemic
• 13:01
  response
• 13:02
  was
• 13:03
  following
• 13:03
  eating
• 13:04
  that
• 13:04
  particular
• 13:05
  carb
• 13:05
  based
• 13:06
  meal.
• 13:06
  So
• 13:06
  you
• 13:07
  can
• 13:07
  tell
• 13:07
  some
• 13:07
  people
• 13:08
  had
• 13:08
  a
• 13:08
  bigger
• 13:09
  in
• 13:10
  terms
• 13:10
  of
• 13:10
  higher
• 13:10
  magnitude
• 13:11
  or
• 13:11
  longer
• 13:12
  duration
• 13:12
  spike
• 13:13
  from
• 13:14
  after
• 13:14
  eating
• 13:14
  bread,
• 13:15
  but
• 13:15
  maybe
• 13:16
  a
• 13:17
  lower
• 13:17
  spike
• 13:17
  after
• 13:17
  eating
• 13:18
  grapes,
• 13:18
  whereas
• 13:19
  another
• 13:19
  individual
• 13:20
  might
• 13:20
  be
• 13:21
  have
• 13:21
  a
• 13:21
  larger
• 13:22
  spike
• 13:22
  after
• 13:22
  eating
• 13:22
  potatoes
• 13:23
  and
• 13:24
  a
• 13:24
  lower
• 13:24
  spike
• 13:24
  from
• 13:24
  eating
• 13:25
  something
• 13:25
  else.
• 13:25
  And
• 13:25
  they,
• 13:26
  although
• 13:26
  it
• 13:26
  was
• 13:26
  a
• 13:27
  pretty
• 13:27
  small
• 13:28
  spike
• 13:28
  sample
• 13:29
  size,
• 13:29
  so
• 13:29
  they,
• 13:29
  the,
• 13:30
  the
• 13:30
  researchers
• 13:30
  were
• 13:31
  careful
• 13:31
  to
• 13:31
  not
• 13:31
  draw
• 13:32
  broad
• 13:32
  conclusions
• 13:33
  based
• 13:33
  on
• 13:34
  demographic,
• 13:35
  ethnic
• 13:35
  data.
• 13:36
  They
• 13:36
  did
• 13:36
  notice
• 13:37
  that
• 13:37
  people
• 13:38
  of
• 13:38
  Asian
• 13:39
  descent
• 13:39
  were
• 13:39
  more
• 13:39
  likely
• 13:40
  to
• 13:40
  be
• 13:40
  rice
• 13:40
  spikers,
• 13:41
  which
• 13:42
  I
• 13:42
  found
• 13:42
  pretty
• 13:43
  interesting.
• 13:43
  And
• 13:43
  I
• 13:43
  think
• 13:43
  that
• 13:44
  deserves
• 13:44
  some
• 13:44
  more
• 13:45
  study.
• 13:45
  And
• 13:45
  I'm
• 13:46
  glad
• 13:46
  how
• 13:46
  you
• 13:46
  mentioned
• 13:48
  not
• 13:48
  just
• 13:48
  the
• 13:48
  height
• 13:48
  of
• 13:49
  the
• 13:49
  spike,
• 13:49
  but
• 13:49
  the
• 13:49
  duration
• 13:50
  of
• 13:50
  the
• 13:50
  spike
• 13:51
  too,
• 13:51
  which
• 13:51
  is
• 13:51
  something
• 13:51
  that
• 13:51
  maybe
• 13:52
  doesn't
• 13:52
  get
• 13:53
  quite
• 13:53
  as
• 13:53
  much
• 13:53
  attention
• 13:54
  because
• 13:54
  it's
• 13:55
  how
• 13:55
  long
• 13:55
  it
• 13:55
  takes
• 13:55
  to
• 13:56
  respond
• 13:56
  to
• 13:56
  baseline
• 13:57
  is
• 13:57
  also,
• 13:58
  is
• 13:58
  also
• 13:58
  really
• 13:58
  important.
• 13:59
  So
• 13:59
  now
• 13:59
  let's
• 14:00
  go
• 14:00
  to
• 14:00
  this
• 14:00
  next
• 14:01
  graph.
• 14:01
  So
• 14:02
  this
• 14:02
  one
• 14:02
  was
• 14:02
  super
• 14:02
  interesting
• 14:03
  because
• 14:03
  it
• 14:03
  sort
• 14:04
  of
• 14:04
  broke
• 14:04
  up
• 14:04
  the
• 14:05
  responses
• 14:05
  specifically
• 14:06
  by
• 14:06
  those
• 14:07
  who
• 14:07
  are
• 14:07
  insulin
• 14:07
  resistant
• 14:08
  and
• 14:08
  those
• 14:08
  who
• 14:08
  are
• 14:09
  insulin
• 14:09
  sensitive
• 14:10
  to
• 14:10
  see
• 14:10
  the
• 14:10
  difference.
• 14:11
  So
• 14:12
  is
• 14:12
  there
• 14:12
  like
• 14:12
  you
• 14:13
  know,
• 14:13
  one
• 14:13
  or
• 14:13
  two
• 14:13
  main
• 14:13
  take
• 14:14
  homes
• 14:14
  from
• 14:14
  that
• 14:14
  graph?
• 14:15
  Yeah,
• 14:15
  just
• 14:15
  in
• 14:16
  really
• 14:16
  broad
• 14:17
  strokes
• 14:17
  you
• 14:17
  can
• 14:18
  see
• 14:18
  people
• 14:19
  who
• 14:19
  were
• 14:20
  insulin
• 14:20
  resistant
• 14:21
  tended
• 14:21
  to
• 14:21
  have
• 14:22
  higher
• 14:22
  spikes
• 14:23
  and
• 14:23
  they
• 14:23
  tended
• 14:24
  to
• 14:24
  have
• 14:24
  longer
• 14:25
  duration
• 14:25
  spikes,
• 14:26
  particularly
• 14:26
  for
• 14:27
  specific
• 14:28
  carb
• 14:28
  foods.
• 14:28
  So
• 14:29
  you
• 14:29
  can
• 14:29
  see
• 14:30
  the,
• 14:30
  the
• 14:30
  yellow
• 14:30
  line
• 14:31
  there
• 14:31
  is
• 14:31
  for
• 14:31
  the
• 14:31
  potato
• 14:32
  spikers.
• 14:33
  So
• 14:33
  the
• 14:33
  insulin
• 14:34
  resistant
• 14:34
  folks
• 14:35
  tended
• 14:35
  to
• 14:36
  also
• 14:36
  be
• 14:37
  potato
• 14:37
  spikers.
• 14:38
  And
• 14:38
  you
• 14:39
  can
• 14:39
  see
• 14:39
  that
• 14:39
  their
• 14:39
  bike
• 14:40
  was
• 14:40
  a
• 14:40
  little
• 14:40
  longer
• 14:40
  than
• 14:41
  say
• 14:41
  when
• 14:41
  they
• 14:41
  were
• 14:42
  eating
• 14:42
  mixed
• 14:42
  berries
• 14:42
  or
• 14:43
  beans.
• 14:43
  And
• 14:43
  then
• 14:44
  the
• 14:44
  insulin
• 14:44
  sensitive
• 14:45
  folks
• 14:46
  overall
• 14:47
  have
• 14:47
  lower
• 14:48
  responses
• 14:49
  to
• 14:49
  all
• 14:49
  of
• 14:49
  the
• 14:50
  carbohydrate
• 14:50
  meals,
• 14:51
  but
• 14:51
  there
• 14:51
  were
• 14:52
  different
• 14:52
  types
• 14:53
  of
• 14:53
  meals
• 14:53
  that
• 14:54
  made
• 14:54
  them
• 14:54
  spike.
• 14:54
  So
• 14:55
  for
• 14:55
  example,
• 14:56
  they
• 14:56
  might
• 14:56
  not
• 14:56
  have
• 14:56
  had
• 14:57
  as
• 14:57
  large
• 14:58
  of
• 14:58
  a
• 14:58
  response
• 14:59
  to
• 14:59
  potatoes,
• 15:00
  but
• 15:01
  they
• 15:01
  did
• 15:01
  spike
• 15:02
  more
• 15:02
  with,
• 15:03
  you
• 15:03
  know,
• 15:03
  interesting
• 15:04
  to
• 15:04
  me
• 15:05
  honestly
• 15:05
  was
• 15:05
  the
• 15:06
  mixed
• 15:06
  berries
• 15:07
  made
• 15:07
  these
• 15:08
  insulin
• 15:08
  sensitive
• 15:09
  folks
• 15:10
  spike
• 15:10
  more
• 15:11
  than
• 15:11
  potatoes
• 15:12
  would,
• 15:12
  which
• 15:12
  it's
• 15:13
  hard
• 15:13
  for
• 15:13
  me
• 15:13
  to
• 15:14
  fully,
• 15:14
  you
• 15:15
  know,
• 15:15
  try
• 15:15
  to
• 15:16
  understand
• 15:16
  the
• 15:17
  physiology
• 15:18
  behind
• 15:18
  that.
• 15:18
  And
• 15:18
  I
• 15:18
  think,
• 15:19
  you
• 15:19
  know,
• 15:19
  there's
• 15:19
  going
• 15:19
  to
• 15:20
  be
• 15:20
  more
• 15:20
  research
• 15:21
  to
• 15:21
  understand
• 15:22
  that.
• 15:22
  But
• 15:23
  it's
• 15:24
  an
• 15:24
  interesting
• 15:24
  finding
• 15:25
  that
• 15:25
  deserves
• 15:25
  more
• 15:26
  investigation
• 15:27
  and
• 15:27
  maybe,
• 15:28
  maybe
• 15:28
  you
• 15:28
  understand,
• 15:29
  Brett.
• 15:30
  Well,
• 15:30
  what
• 15:31
  I
• 15:31
  take,
• 15:31
  you
• 15:31
  know,
• 15:31
  I
• 15:31
  like
• 15:32
  to
• 15:32
  kind
• 15:32
  of
• 15:33
  focus
• 15:33
  on
• 15:33
  the
• 15:33
  broad
• 15:34
  strokes
• 15:34
  really
• 15:35
  what
• 15:35
  people
• 15:35
  can
• 15:35
  take
• 15:35
  away
• 15:36
  from,
• 15:36
  from
• 15:36
  the
• 15:37
  study
• 15:37
  as
• 15:37
  a
• 15:37
  whole.
• 15:37
  So,
• 15:38
  you
• 15:38
  know,
• 15:38
  clearly
• 15:39
  the
• 15:39
  insulin
• 15:39
  resistance
• 15:40
  folks
• 15:41
  had
• 15:41
  much
• 15:42
  worse
• 15:42
  blood
• 15:42
  sugar
• 15:42
  spike
• 15:43
  spikes
• 15:43
  like
• 15:43
  you
• 15:43
  just
• 15:44
  mentioned
• 15:44
  about
• 15:44
  the,
• 15:45
  about
• 15:45
  the
• 15:45
  graph.
• 15:46
  But
• 15:47
  just
• 15:47
  because
• 15:47
  you
• 15:47
  were
• 15:47
  insulin
• 15:48
  sensitive
• 15:48
  didn't
• 15:49
  mean
• 15:49
  your
• 15:50
  blood
• 15:50
  sugar
• 15:50
  didn't
• 15:50
  react
• 15:51
  to
• 15:51
  the
• 15:51
  foods
• 15:52
  as
• 15:52
  well,
• 15:52
  which
• 15:52
  I
• 15:52
  thought
• 15:52
  was
• 15:52
  super
• 15:53
  interesting.
• 15:53
  That's
• 15:54
  true.
• 15:54
  So
• 15:55
  it
• 15:55
  comes
• 15:55
  down
• 15:55
  to
• 15:55
  this
• 15:56
  concept,
• 15:56
  right?
• 15:56
  So
• 15:57
  now
• 15:57
  let's
• 15:57
  take
• 15:57
  a
• 15:58
  step
• 15:58
  back
• 15:58
  and
• 15:58
  say,
• 15:59
  you
• 15:59
  know,
• 15:59
  in
• 15:59
  the
• 16:00
  US
• 16:00
  and
• 16:00
  in
• 16:00
  other
• 16:00
  countries
• 16:01
  there's
• 16:01
  a
• 16:01
  dietary
• 16:02
  guidelines
• 16:02
  which
• 16:03
  kind
• 16:03
  of
• 16:03
  presumes
• 16:04
  that
• 16:04
  there's
• 16:04
  one
• 16:05
  best
• 16:05
  way
• 16:05
  for
• 16:05
  people
• 16:06
  to
• 16:06
  eat.
• 16:07
  And
• 16:08
  I
• 16:08
  like
• 16:08
  when
• 16:08
  studies
• 16:08
  like
• 16:09
  this
• 16:09
  come
• 16:09
  up
• 16:09
  because
• 16:10
  I
• 16:10
  think
• 16:10
  it
• 16:10
  sort
• 16:10
  of
• 16:10
  flies
• 16:11
  in
• 16:11
  the
• 16:11
  face
• 16:11
  of
• 16:12
  that
• 16:12
  a
• 16:12
  little
• 16:12
  bit.
• 16:12
  So,
• 16:13
  so
• 16:13
  how
• 16:13
  do
• 16:13
  you
• 16:13
  interpret
• 16:14
  this
• 16:14
  study
• 16:15
  in
• 16:15
  the
• 16:15
  face
• 16:15
  of
• 16:15
  our
• 16:16
  current
• 16:16
  dietary
• 16:17
  guidelines?
• 16:17
  Yeah,
• 16:18
  I
• 16:18
  mean,
• 16:18
  I
• 16:18
  think
• 16:18
  that's
• 16:19
  kind
• 16:19
  of
• 16:19
  the
• 16:19
  biggest
• 16:20
  takeaway
• 16:20
  I
• 16:21
  take
• 16:21
  from
• 16:21
  this,
• 16:22
  why
• 16:22
  this
• 16:22
  study
• 16:22
  matters
• 16:23
  is
• 16:23
  that
• 16:24
  it
• 16:24
  really
• 16:24
  points
• 16:25
  to
• 16:25
  the
• 16:26
  need
• 16:26
  for
• 16:26
  more
• 16:26
  personalized
• 16:27
  nutrition
• 16:28
  advice.
• 16:28
  So,
• 16:29
  you
• 16:29
  know,
• 16:29
  the
• 16:29
  US
• 16:30
  Dietary
• 16:30
  Guidelines
• 16:31
  is
• 16:31
  sort
• 16:31
  of
• 16:32
  a
• 16:32
  one
• 16:32
  size
• 16:32
  fits
• 16:32
  all
• 16:33
  approach
• 16:33
  right
• 16:33
  now.
• 16:34
  And
• 16:34
  I
• 16:35
  think,
• 16:35
  as
• 16:35
  you
• 16:35
  know,
• 16:36
  the,
• 16:36
  the,
• 16:37
  our
• 16:37
  Department
• 16:38
  of
• 16:38
  Health
• 16:38
  and
• 16:38
  Human
• 16:38
  Services,
• 16:39
  together
• 16:40
  with
• 16:40
  the
• 16:40
  Department
• 16:41
  of
• 16:41
  Agriculture
• 16:42
  are
• 16:43
  considering
• 16:43
  the
• 16:44
  next
• 16:44
  version
• 16:45
  of
• 16:45
  the
• 16:45
  U.S.
• 16:45
  dietary
• 16:46
  guideline.
• 16:46
  They
• 16:47
  might
• 16:47
  look
• 16:47
  to
• 16:48
  studies
• 16:48
  like
• 16:48
  this
• 16:49
  to
• 16:50
  offer
• 16:50
  a
• 16:51
  sort
• 16:51
  of
• 16:51
  a
• 16:51
  suite
• 16:51
  of
• 16:52
  dietary
• 16:53
  patterns
• 16:54
  or
• 16:54
  suggestions
• 16:55
  depending
• 16:56
  on
• 16:56
  an
• 16:57
  individual's
• 16:57
  unique
• 16:58
  metabolic
• 16:59
  profile.
• 16:59
  Yeah.
• 17:00
  And
• 17:01
  you
• 17:01
  know,
• 17:02
  so
• 17:02
  there's
• 17:02
  like
• 17:03
  a
• 17:03
  line
• 17:03
  sort
• 17:04
  of
• 17:04
  that
• 17:04
  you
• 17:04
  have
• 17:04
  to
• 17:04
  tow.
• 17:05
  Right.
• 17:05
  Because
• 17:05
  there's,
• 17:06
  there's
• 17:06
  lots
• 17:07
  of
• 17:07
  talk
• 17:07
  about
• 17:07
  personalized
• 17:08
  nutrition.
• 17:08
  And
• 17:08
  I
• 17:09
  had
• 17:09
  a
• 17:09
  great
• 17:09
  interview
• 17:09
  with
• 17:10
  Gary
• 17:10
  Taubes
• 17:11
  where
• 17:12
  he
• 17:12
  talked
• 17:12
  about
• 17:13
  personalized
• 17:14
  nutrition.
• 17:14
  He
• 17:14
  said,
• 17:15
  so
• 17:15
  what
• 17:15
  you're
• 17:15
  telling
• 17:15
  me
• 17:16
  is
• 17:16
  that,
• 17:16
  you
• 17:17
  know,
• 17:17
  every
• 17:17
  individual
• 17:18
  is
• 17:18
  going
• 17:18
  to
• 17:18
  go
• 17:19
  to
• 17:19
  their
• 17:19
  doctor
• 17:19
  and
• 17:19
  get
• 17:20
  their
• 17:20
  stool
• 17:20
  tested,
• 17:21
  their,
• 17:21
  you
• 17:21
  know,
• 17:21
  their
• 17:21
  metabolome,
• 17:22
  their
• 17:23
  lipidome,
• 17:24
  their
• 17:24
  metabolic
• 17:25
  health,
• 17:25
  and
• 17:25
  every
• 17:26
  single
• 17:26
  one
• 17:26
  is
• 17:26
  going
• 17:26
  to
• 17:27
  get
• 17:27
  diet,
• 17:28
  you
• 17:28
  know,
• 17:28
  two
• 17:28
  version
• 17:29
  C
• 17:30
  subcategory
• 17:31
  X.
• 17:31
  You
• 17:31
  know,
• 17:32
  because
• 17:32
  that
• 17:32
  fits
• 17:33
  their.
• 17:34
  And
• 17:34
  it's
• 17:34
  just
• 17:34
  not
• 17:34
  practical.
• 17:35
  Right.
• 17:35
  Like
• 17:35
  you
• 17:35
  get
• 17:35
  to
• 17:35
  that
• 17:35
  point,
• 17:36
  it's
• 17:36
  not
• 17:36
  practical,
• 17:36
  but
• 17:37
  maybe
• 17:37
  a
• 17:38
  little
• 17:38
  more
• 17:38
  practical.
• 17:38
  Is
• 17:39
  metabolically
• 17:39
  healthy,
• 17:40
  metabolically
• 17:40
  unhealthy?
• 17:41
  If
• 17:41
  you
• 17:41
  have
• 17:41
  to
• 17:41
  start
• 17:41
  with
• 17:42
  the
• 17:42
  broad
• 17:42
  strokes,
• 17:43
  or
• 17:44
  you
• 17:44
  say
• 17:45
  learn
• 17:45
  from
• 17:45
  yourself
• 17:46
  and
• 17:46
  use
• 17:46
  cgm.
• 17:47
  So
• 17:47
  that's
• 17:47
  the
• 17:48
  other,
• 17:48
  I
• 17:49
  guess,
• 17:49
  slippery
• 17:49
  slope.
• 17:50
  Right.
• 17:50
  Some
• 17:50
  people
• 17:50
  will
• 17:50
  say
• 17:51
  if
• 17:51
  you're
• 17:51
  Only
• 17:51
  looking
• 17:52
  at
• 17:52
  CGMs,
• 17:52
  you
• 17:53
  focus
• 17:53
  too
• 17:53
  much
• 17:53
  on
• 17:53
  blood
• 17:54
  sugar,
• 17:54
  you
• 17:54
  become
• 17:55
  obsessed
• 17:55
  with
• 17:55
  blood
• 17:56
  sugar
• 17:56
  and
• 17:56
  not
• 17:56
  about
• 17:56
  other
• 17:57
  things.
• 17:57
  Or
• 17:58
  does
• 17:58
  it
• 17:59
  direct
• 17:59
  you
• 18:00
  to
• 18:00
  learn
• 18:00
  for
• 18:00
  yourself
• 18:01
  the
• 18:01
  foods
• 18:01
  that
• 18:01
  you
• 18:01
  respond
• 18:02
  to
• 18:02
  or
• 18:02
  not?
• 18:02
  So
• 18:02
  what
• 18:02
  do
• 18:02
  you
• 18:03
  think
• 18:03
  from
• 18:03
  a
• 18:03
  policy
• 18:03
  standpoint
• 18:04
  and
• 18:04
  making
• 18:04
  CGMs
• 18:05
  more
• 18:05
  available?
• 18:06
  Yeah,
• 18:06
  I
• 18:06
  mean,
• 18:07
  I
• 18:07
  Think
• 18:07
  this
• 18:07
  it.
• 18:08
  First
• 18:08
  of
• 18:08
  all,
• 18:08
  I
• 18:08
  think
• 18:09
  it
• 18:09
  depends
• 18:09
  on
• 18:09
  the
• 18:09
  individual.
• 18:10
  You
• 18:10
  know,
• 18:10
  some
• 18:10
  people
• 18:11
  may
• 18:11
  be
• 18:11
  more
• 18:12
  interested
• 18:13
  and
• 18:13
  have
• 18:13
  the
• 18:14
  ability
• 18:14
  and
• 18:14
  time,
• 18:15
  resources
• 18:16
  to,
• 18:16
  you
• 18:17
  know,
• 18:17
  study
• 18:17
  their
• 18:17
  personal
• 18:18
  CGM
• 18:18
  data
• 18:19
  and
• 18:19
  really
• 18:19
  make
• 18:21
  sort
• 18:21
  of
• 18:21
  micro
• 18:22
  changes
• 18:22
  in
• 18:22
  their
• 18:22
  diet
• 18:23
  as
• 18:23
  a
• 18:23
  result.
• 18:23
  Others
• 18:24
  might
• 18:24
  not
• 18:24
  have
• 18:25
  the
• 18:25
  capacity
• 18:26
  to
• 18:26
  do
• 18:26
  that
• 18:26
  or
• 18:26
  the
• 18:26
  interest
• 18:27
  to
• 18:27
  do
• 18:27
  that.
• 18:28
  So
• 18:28
  I
• 18:28
  think
• 18:29
  one,
• 18:29
  it
• 18:29
  really
• 18:30
  depends
• 18:30
  on
• 18:30
  the
• 18:31
  individual,
• 18:31
  where
• 18:31
  we
• 18:32
  are
• 18:32
  now.
• 18:32
  But
• 18:33
  I
• 18:33
  think
• 18:33
  also
• 18:34
  this
• 18:34
  opens
• 18:35
  up
• 18:35
  a
• 18:35
  whole
• 18:35
  space
• 18:36
  of
• 18:36
  potential
• 18:37
  additional
• 18:37
  tools
• 18:38
  that
• 18:38
  could
• 18:38
  be
• 18:39
  developed
• 18:39
  over
• 18:39
  time
• 18:40
  through
• 18:41
  additional
• 18:41
  research
• 18:42
  or
• 18:43
  through
• 18:44
  the
• 18:45
  help
• 18:45
  with
• 18:45
  large
• 18:46
  AI
• 18:47
  models
• 18:48
  to
• 18:48
  develop,
• 18:49
  say,
• 18:49
  a
• 18:50
  digital
• 18:50
  app
• 18:50
  that
• 18:51
  can
• 18:51
  help
• 18:51
  you
• 18:52
  interpret
• 18:52
  your
• 18:52
  CGM
• 18:53
  data
• 18:54
  and
• 18:54
  help
• 18:54
  you
• 18:54
  understand
• 18:55
  how
• 18:56
  to
• 18:56
  modulate
• 18:57
  your
• 18:57
  diet,
• 18:57
  maybe
• 18:58
  with
• 18:58
  a
• 18:58
  little
• 18:58
  assistance
• 18:59
  so
• 19:00
  that
• 19:00
  you
• 19:00
  don't
• 19:00
  have
• 19:00
  to
• 19:01
  go
• 19:01
  in
• 19:01
  and
• 19:01
  be
• 19:01
  your
• 19:01
  own
• 19:01
  individual
• 19:02
  researcher
• 19:03
  based
• 19:03
  on
• 19:04
  this
• 19:04
  information
• 19:04
  that
• 19:05
  we
• 19:05
  have
• 19:05
  today.
• 19:05
  So
• 19:06
  that
• 19:06
  might
• 19:06
  be,
• 19:06
  you
• 19:06
  know,
• 19:06
  kind
• 19:07
  of
• 19:07
  a.
• 19:07
  A
• 19:07
  future
• 19:08
  something
• 19:08
  that
• 19:09
  is
• 19:09
  not
• 19:10
  possible
• 19:10
  today,
• 19:11
  but
• 19:11
  something
• 19:12
  to
• 19:12
  look
• 19:12
  to
• 19:13
  to
• 19:13
  help
• 19:13
  us
• 19:14
  understand
• 19:14
  how
• 19:15
  to
• 19:15
  tailor
• 19:16
  our
• 19:16
  diets
• 19:17
  in
• 19:17
  the
• 19:18
  best
• 19:18
  way
• 19:18
  for,
• 19:18
  for
• 19:18
  ourselves.
• 19:19
  Yeah,
• 19:19
  and
• 19:19
  it's
• 19:20
  interesting,
• 19:20
  I
• 19:20
  mean,
• 19:20
  companies
• 19:21
  exist
• 19:21
  that,
• 19:22
  that
• 19:22
  do
• 19:22
  things
• 19:23
  like
• 19:23
  that,
• 19:23
  but
• 19:23
  they
• 19:24
  tend
• 19:24
  to
• 19:24
  be
• 19:24
  kind
• 19:24
  of
• 19:24
  expensive,
• 19:26
  you
• 19:26
  know,
• 19:26
  out
• 19:26
  of
• 19:26
  reach
• 19:27
  for
• 19:27
  a
• 19:27
  lot
• 19:27
  of
• 19:27
  people.
• 19:28
  So,
• 19:29
  you
• 19:30
  know,
• 19:30
  with
• 19:30
  the
• 19:30
  government's
• 19:31
  new
• 19:31
  focus
• 19:32
  on
• 19:33
  metabolic
• 19:33
  health
• 19:34
  and
• 19:34
  the
• 19:34
  sort
• 19:34
  of
• 19:34
  their
• 19:34
  commitment,
• 19:35
  their
• 19:35
  stated
• 19:36
  commitment
• 19:36
  to
• 19:36
  address
• 19:36
  it,
• 19:37
  could
• 19:37
  you
• 19:38
  see
• 19:38
  something
• 19:38
  like
• 19:38
  that,
• 19:39
  like,
• 19:39
  you
• 19:39
  know,
• 19:39
  getting
• 19:39
  this
• 19:40
  covered
• 19:40
  by
• 19:40
  insurance
• 19:41
  for
• 19:41
  more
• 19:41
  people?
• 19:42
  It
• 19:42
  seems
• 19:42
  like
• 19:43
  that.
• 19:43
  I
• 19:43
  think
• 19:43
  it'd
• 19:44
  be
• 19:44
  a
• 19:44
  pretty
• 19:44
  good
• 19:45
  movement.
• 19:45
  But
• 19:45
  what
• 19:45
  do
• 19:46
  you
• 19:46
  think?
• 19:46
  Absolutely.
• 19:47
  No,
• 19:47
  I
• 19:47
  mean,
• 19:47
  and
• 19:47
  thank
• 19:48
  you
• 19:48
  for
• 19:48
  bringing
• 19:49
  it
• 19:49
  up
• 19:49
  because
• 19:49
  I
• 19:49
  think
• 19:49
  that
• 19:49
  that's
• 19:50
  an
• 19:50
  absolute,
• 19:52
  that
• 19:52
  is
• 19:52
  a
• 19:53
  place
• 19:53
  where
• 19:53
  I
• 19:53
  think
• 19:53
  the
• 19:53
  government
• 19:54
  can
• 19:54
  play
• 19:54
  a
• 19:54
  large
• 19:55
  role,
• 19:55
  is
• 19:55
  to
• 19:56
  take
• 19:56
  research
• 19:57
  like
• 19:57
  this,
• 19:58
  look
• 19:58
  at
• 19:58
  clinical
• 19:59
  data
• 19:59
  and
• 20:00
  see
• 20:01
  the
• 20:01
  positive
• 20:02
  effects
• 20:02
  that
• 20:03
  CGMs
• 20:04
  continuous
• 20:05
  ketone
• 20:05
  monitors
• 20:06
  once
• 20:07
  they
• 20:07
  are
• 20:07
  approved
• 20:08
  by
• 20:09
  the
• 20:09
  US
• 20:09
  FDA,
• 20:09
  which
• 20:10
  hopefully
• 20:10
  that
• 20:10
  will
• 20:10
  happen
• 20:11
  soon.
• 20:11
  There
• 20:11
  are
• 20:12
  other
• 20:12
  ways
• 20:12
  to
• 20:12
  measure
• 20:13
  ketones,
• 20:13
  but
• 20:14
  if
• 20:14
  they
• 20:14
  are
• 20:14
  not
• 20:15
  available,
• 20:16
  accessible
• 20:16
  to
• 20:16
  people,
• 20:17
  either
• 20:18
  they're
• 20:18
  not
• 20:18
  on
• 20:18
  the
• 20:18
  market
• 20:19
  yet
• 20:19
  because
• 20:19
  they're
• 20:20
  not
• 20:20
  approved
• 20:20
  by
• 20:20
  the
• 20:20
  fda,
• 20:21
  or
• 20:21
  they
• 20:22
  are
• 20:23
  too
• 20:23
  expensive
• 20:24
  because
• 20:24
  they're
• 20:24
  not
• 20:24
  covered
• 20:25
  by
• 20:25
  insurance,
• 20:25
  then
• 20:26
  people
• 20:26
  are
• 20:26
  not
• 20:26
  going
• 20:26
  to
• 20:26
  be
• 20:26
  able
• 20:27
  to
• 20:27
  use
• 20:27
  these
• 20:27
  tools.
• 20:28
  So
• 20:28
  you
• 20:28
  really
• 20:28
  do
• 20:28
  have
• 20:29
  to
• 20:29
  use
• 20:29
  all
• 20:30
  of
• 20:30
  the
• 20:30
  levers
• 20:31
  available
• 20:31
  to
• 20:31
  us,
• 20:32
  including,
• 20:33
  you
• 20:33
  know,
• 20:33
  allowing
• 20:34
  them
• 20:34
  to
• 20:34
  be
• 20:35
  used
• 20:35
  by
• 20:36
  people
• 20:37
  and
• 20:37
  then
• 20:37
  allowing
• 20:38
  them
• 20:38
  to
• 20:38
  get
• 20:38
  paid
• 20:38
  by
• 20:38
  people,
• 20:39
  by
• 20:39
  the
• 20:39
  government,
• 20:39
  by
• 20:40
  insurance.
• 20:41
  So
• 20:41
  those
• 20:41
  are
• 20:41
  just
• 20:41
  like
• 20:42
  sort
• 20:42
  of
• 20:42
  two
• 20:42
  levers,
• 20:42
  I
• 20:43
  think,
• 20:43
  that
• 20:43
  the
• 20:43
  government
• 20:44
  can
• 20:44
  pursue
• 20:44
  to,
• 20:45
  to
• 20:45
  make
• 20:45
  these
• 20:46
  types
• 20:46
  of
• 20:46
  tools
• 20:46
  more
• 20:46
  available
• 20:47
  for
• 20:47
  people
• 20:47
  to
• 20:47
  take
• 20:48
  charge
• 20:48
  of
• 20:48
  their
• 20:48
  own
• 20:48
  health.
• 20:49
  Yeah,
• 20:49
  and
• 20:49
  I
• 20:49
  mean,
• 20:49
  we
• 20:50
  talk
• 20:50
  a
• 20:50
  Lot
• 20:50
  about.
• 20:51
  We've
• 20:51
  been
• 20:51
  talking
• 20:51
  a
• 20:51
  lot
• 20:52
  about
• 20:52
  the
• 20:52
  government.
• 20:52
  I
• 20:52
  wish,
• 20:53
  sort
• 20:53
  of
• 20:53
  we
• 20:53
  didn't
• 20:54
  depend
• 20:54
  on
• 20:54
  the
• 20:54
  government.
• 20:55
  But
• 20:55
  when
• 20:55
  you
• 20:55
  talk
• 20:55
  about,
• 20:56
  you
• 20:56
  know,
• 20:56
  making
• 20:58
  health
• 20:59
  interventions
• 20:59
  and
• 21:00
  tests
• 21:00
  available
• 21:01
  at
• 21:02
  little
• 21:03
  to
• 21:03
  no
• 21:03
  cost
• 21:03
  at
• 21:04
  a
• 21:04
  wide
• 21:04
  scale,
• 21:05
  you
• 21:05
  kind
• 21:05
  of
• 21:05
  do
• 21:05
  have
• 21:05
  to
• 21:06
  have
• 21:06
  the
• 21:06
  government
• 21:06
  involved,
• 21:07
  I
• 21:07
  think.
• 21:07
  Do
• 21:07
  you
• 21:08
  agree?
• 21:08
  Yeah,
• 21:08
  I
• 21:09
  mean,
• 21:09
  it's
• 21:09
  true.
• 21:10
  I
• 21:10
  mean,
• 21:10
  you
• 21:10
  know,
• 21:10
  some
• 21:10
  people
• 21:11
  might
• 21:11
  say
• 21:11
  that
• 21:11
  other
• 21:12
  types
• 21:12
  of
• 21:13
  avenues,
• 21:13
  like
• 21:14
  better
• 21:14
  education,
• 21:15
  resource
• 21:16
  toolkits
• 21:16
  can
• 21:17
  help
• 21:17
  people.
• 21:17
  And
• 21:17
  those
• 21:17
  I
• 21:18
  think
• 21:18
  are
• 21:18
  really
• 21:19
  important
• 21:19
  as
• 21:19
  well.
• 21:19
  But
• 21:20
  at
• 21:20
  this
• 21:21
  point,
• 21:21
  I
• 21:21
  think,
• 21:21
  you
• 21:21
  know,
• 21:22
  trying
• 21:22
  to
• 21:22
  use
• 21:22
  all
• 21:23
  the
• 21:23
  tools
• 21:23
  in
• 21:23
  the
• 21:24
  toolbox
• 21:24
  and
• 21:25
  imagining
• 21:25
  a
• 21:25
  future
• 21:26
  in
• 21:26
  which,
• 21:27
  you
• 21:27
  know,
• 21:27
  all
• 21:28
  sort
• 21:28
  of
• 21:28
  barriers
• 21:29
  are
• 21:29
  taken
• 21:29
  away,
• 21:30
  there
• 21:30
  are
• 21:31
  some
• 21:31
  things
• 21:31
  that
• 21:31
  you
• 21:31
  really
• 21:32
  do
• 21:32
  need,
• 21:32
  you
• 21:32
  know,
• 21:33
  such
• 21:33
  a
• 21:33
  huge
• 21:36
  top
• 21:36
  down,
• 21:37
  you
• 21:37
  know,
• 21:37
  help
• 21:37
  with,
• 21:38
  with
• 21:39
  getting
• 21:39
  some
• 21:39
  of
• 21:39
  these
• 21:39
  things
• 21:40
  rolled
• 21:40
  out
• 21:40
  to
• 21:40
  get,
• 21:40
  to
• 21:41
  make
• 21:41
  them
• 21:41
  accessible.
• 21:42
  All
• 21:42
  right,
• 21:42
  so
• 21:42
  now
• 21:42
  we've
• 21:42
  been
• 21:43
  talking
• 21:43
  about
• 21:43
  this
• 21:43
  study
• 21:44
  in
• 21:44
  terms
• 21:45
  of,
• 21:45
  you
• 21:45
  know,
• 21:45
  glucose
• 21:46
  and
• 21:46
  CGMs
• 21:47
  and
• 21:47
  metabolic
• 21:48
  health.
• 21:48
  But,
• 21:48
  you
• 21:49
  know,
• 21:49
  here
• 21:49
  at
• 21:49
  Metabolic
• 21:50
  Mind,
• 21:50
  we
• 21:50
  talk
• 21:50
  a
• 21:51
  lot
• 21:51
  about
• 21:51
  mental
• 21:51
  health.
• 21:52
  So
• 21:52
  what
• 21:52
  do
• 21:52
  you
• 21:52
  think
• 21:52
  the
• 21:52
  connection
• 21:53
  is
• 21:53
  from
• 21:54
  this
• 21:54
  study?
• 21:54
  How
• 21:54
  do
• 21:55
  we
• 21:55
  draw
• 21:55
  it
• 21:55
  back
• 21:55
  to
• 21:55
  someone's
• 21:56
  mental
• 21:56
  health?
• 21:57
  Sure.
• 21:57
  I
• 21:57
  mean,
• 21:57
  you
• 21:58
  know,
• 21:58
  even
• 21:58
  though
• 21:58
  this
• 21:58
  study
• 21:59
  is
• 21:59
  not
• 21:59
  looking
• 21:59
  specifically
• 22:00
  at
• 22:00
  brain
• 22:00
  health
• 22:01
  and
• 22:01
  mental
• 22:01
  health,
• 22:01
  we
• 22:02
  do
• 22:02
  know
• 22:02
  there
• 22:02
  is
• 22:03
  that
• 22:03
  connection
• 22:03
  between
• 22:03
  metabolic
• 22:05
  and
• 22:05
  mental
• 22:05
  health.
• 22:06
  So
• 22:07
  I
• 22:07
  think,
• 22:07
  you
• 22:07
  know,
• 22:08
  a
• 22:08
  takeaway
• 22:08
  from
• 22:09
  this
• 22:09
  could
• 22:09
  be
• 22:09
  there's
• 22:10
  just
• 22:10
  even
• 22:10
  more
• 22:11
  of
• 22:11
  a
• 22:11
  reason,
• 22:11
  especially
• 22:12
  if
• 22:12
  you're
• 22:12
  undergoing
• 22:13
  mental
• 22:13
  health
• 22:13
  treatment,
• 22:14
  to
• 22:14
  track
• 22:14
  your
• 22:14
  insulin
• 22:15
  resistance
• 22:16
  and,
• 22:16
  you
• 22:16
  know,
• 22:16
  to
• 22:16
  the
• 22:16
  extent
• 22:17
  possible,
• 22:17
  if
• 22:17
  you
• 22:18
  have
• 22:18
  access
• 22:18
  to
• 22:18
  a
• 22:18
  cgm,
• 22:19
  to
• 22:20
  try
• 22:20
  to
• 22:21
  understand
• 22:21
  which
• 22:22
  particular
• 22:22
  foods
• 22:23
  are
• 22:23
  causing
• 22:23
  you
• 22:23
  those
• 22:24
  big
• 22:24
  spikes
• 22:25
  and,
• 22:25
  you
• 22:25
  know,
• 22:25
  maybe
• 22:26
  you
• 22:26
  eat
• 22:26
  less
• 22:26
  of
• 22:26
  that
• 22:26
  food,
• 22:26
  I
• 22:27
  don't
• 22:27
  know.
• 22:27
  But
• 22:28
  it's
• 22:28
  just,
• 22:29
  you
• 22:29
  know,
• 22:29
  another,
• 22:31
  a
• 22:31
  piece
• 22:31
  of
• 22:31
  evidence
• 22:32
  that
• 22:32
  metabolic
• 22:33
  health
• 22:33
  is
• 22:33
  influencing
• 22:34
  our
• 22:34
  overall,
• 22:36
  you
• 22:37
  know,
• 22:37
  well,
• 22:37
  being
• 22:38
  and
• 22:38
  mental
• 22:39
  health
• 22:39
  is,
• 22:39
  is
• 22:39
  incorporated
• 22:40
  into
• 22:40
  that.
• 22:41
  Yeah.
• 22:41
  And
• 22:41
  there
• 22:41
  are,
• 22:41
  there
• 22:42
  are
• 22:42
  some
• 22:42
  other
• 22:42
  studies
• 22:43
  suggesting
• 22:43
  a
• 22:43
  correlation
• 22:44
  between
• 22:45
  mood
• 22:45
  changes
• 22:45
  and
• 22:46
  glucose
• 22:46
  spikes.
• 22:47
  Either
• 22:47
  spikes
• 22:47
  or,
• 22:48
  you
• 22:48
  know,
• 22:49
  in
• 22:49
  the.
• 22:49
  Once
• 22:50
  the
• 22:50
  insulin
• 22:50
  kicks
• 22:50
  in
• 22:51
  and
• 22:51
  then
• 22:51
  you
• 22:51
  get
• 22:51
  the
• 22:52
  low
• 22:52
  glucose,
• 22:53
  that
• 22:53
  mood
• 22:53
  changes
• 22:54
  sort
• 22:54
  of
• 22:54
  oscillate
• 22:55
  with
• 22:55
  that.
• 22:55
  So
• 22:56
  regulating
• 22:57
  your
• 22:57
  glucose
• 22:58
  seems
• 22:58
  like
• 22:58
  it
• 22:58
  could
• 22:59
  directly
• 22:59
  regulate
• 23:00
  your
• 23:00
  mood
• 23:00
  as
• 23:00
  well.
• 23:00
  So,
• 23:01
  yeah,
• 23:01
  a
• 23:01
  CGM
• 23:02
  could
• 23:02
  be
• 23:02
  a
• 23:02
  really
• 23:02
  powerful
• 23:03
  tool
• 23:03
  for
• 23:03
  that.
• 23:04
  Um,
• 23:05
  so
• 23:05
  I'd
• 23:05
  love
• 23:05
  to
• 23:05
  see
• 23:06
  a
• 23:06
  study
• 23:06
  like
• 23:06
  this
• 23:06
  also
• 23:07
  showing,
• 23:07
  you
• 23:08
  know,
• 23:08
  momentary
• 23:09
  mood
• 23:09
  assessments
• 23:09
  or
• 23:10
  something
• 23:10
  like
• 23:10
  that
• 23:10
  to
• 23:10
  show
• 23:11
  how
• 23:11
  it
• 23:11
  correlates.
• 23:11
  So,
• 23:12
  you
• 23:12
  know,
• 23:12
  more
• 23:12
  work
• 23:13
  to
• 23:13
  be
• 23:13
  done,
• 23:13
  more
• 23:13
  studies
• 23:14
  to
• 23:14
  be
• 23:14
  done.
• 23:14
  Seems
• 23:14
  like
• 23:15
  there's
• 23:15
  always
• 23:15
  more.
• 23:15
  Right,
• 23:16
  absolutely.
• 23:17
  Look
• 23:17
  forward
• 23:17
  to
• 23:18
  that
• 23:18
  one.
• 23:18
  Yeah.
• 23:19
  Well,
• 23:19
  great.
• 23:19
  Well,
• 23:19
  thank
• 23:20
  you
• 23:20
  so
• 23:20
  much
• 23:20
  for
• 23:20
  joining
• 23:20
  me
• 23:21
  to
• 23:21
  help
• 23:21
  sort
• 23:21
  of,
• 23:22
  you
• 23:22
  know,
• 23:22
  elucidate
• 23:23
  this
• 23:23
  study
• 23:23
  and
• 23:24
  help
• 23:24
  people
• 23:25
  kind
• 23:25
  of
• 23:25
  learn
• 23:25
  what
• 23:25
  they
• 23:26
  can
• 23:26
  take
• 23:26
  away
• 23:26
  from
• 23:26
  it,
• 23:26
  that
• 23:27
  we're
• 23:27
  all
• 23:27
  individuals
• 23:27
  and
• 23:27
  we're
• 23:28
  all
• 23:28
  going
• 23:28
  to
• 23:28
  respond
• 23:28
  differently
• 23:29
  to
• 23:29
  the
• 23:29
  same
• 23:29
  foods
• 23:30
  and
• 23:31
  understanding
• 23:31
  that
• 23:32
  is
• 23:32
  so
• 23:32
  important.
• 23:33
  So,
• 23:34
  you
• 23:34
  know,
• 23:34
  I
• 23:34
  love
• 23:34
  the
• 23:34
  work
• 23:35
  you're
• 23:35
  doing
• 23:35
  with
• 23:35
  us
• 23:35
  at
• 23:36
  Bouzouki
• 23:36
  Group
• 23:36
  and
• 23:36
  Metabolic
• 23:37
  Mind,
• 23:37
  but
• 23:37
  if
• 23:37
  people
• 23:38
  wanted
• 23:38
  to,
• 23:38
  you
• 23:39
  know,
• 23:39
  reach
• 23:39
  out
• 23:39
  to
• 23:39
  you
• 23:39
  or
• 23:40
  learn
• 23:40
  more
• 23:40
  about
• 23:40
  what
• 23:40
  you're
• 23:40
  doing,
• 23:41
  where
• 23:41
  can
• 23:41
  we
• 23:41
  direct
• 23:41
  them
• 23:41
  to
• 23:42
  go?
• 23:42
  Sure.
• 23:42
  Yeah,
• 23:43
  you
• 23:43
  can
• 23:43
  find
• 23:44
  me
• 23:44
  on
• 23:44
  LinkedIn.
• 23:45
  Christina
• 23:45
  Nigro
• 23:47
  Also,
• 23:47
  you
• 23:47
  know,
• 23:47
  feel
• 23:48
  free
• 23:48
  to
• 23:48
  email
• 23:48
  me
• 23:48
  at
• 23:48
  bouzouki
• 23:49
  group
• 23:49
  christinaazouki
• 23:50
  group.org
• 23:52
  it's
• 23:52
  C
• 23:52
  R
• 23:52
  I
• 23:53
  S
• 23:53
  T
• 23:53
  I
• 23:53
  N
• 23:53
  A
• 23:53
  no
• 23:54
  H
• 23:55
  Common
• 23:55
  common
• 23:56
  mistake.
• 23:56
  So
• 23:56
  you
• 23:56
  don't
• 23:57
  want
• 23:57
  to
• 23:57
  email
• 23:57
  the
• 23:57
  wrong
• 23:58
  Christina.
• 23:59
  But
• 23:59
  I
• 23:59
  just
• 23:59
  want
• 24:00
  to
• 24:00
  thank
• 24:00
  you,
• 24:00
  Brett,
• 24:00
  for
• 24:01
  inviting
• 24:01
  me
• 24:01
  here.
• 24:02
  It's
• 24:02
  a
• 24:02
  real
• 24:02
  honor
• 24:02
  to
• 24:03
  be
• 24:03
  asked
• 24:03
  to
• 24:03
  participate,
• 24:04
  so
• 24:04
  thank
• 24:04
  you.
• 24:04
  My
• 24:05
  pleasure.
• 24:05
  Thank
• 24:05
  you
• 24:05
  so
• 24:06
  much.
• 24:07
  Fellow
• 24:07
  mental
• 24:07
  health
• 24:08
  clinicians
• 24:08
  and
• 24:08
  healthcare
• 24:09
  providers,
• 24:09
  you
• 24:10
  now
• 24:10
  have
• 24:10
  access
• 24:10
  to
• 24:11
  a
• 24:11
  suite
• 24:11
  of
• 24:11
  free
• 24:12
  CME
• 24:13
  lectures
• 24:13
  on
• 24:13
  Metabolic
• 24:14
  Psychiatry
• 24:14
  and
• 24:15
  Metabolic
• 24:15
  Health.
• 24:16
  Each
• 24:16
  of
• 24:16
  these
• 24:16
  CME
• 24:17
  sessions
• 24:17
  provide
• 24:18
  insight
• 24:18
  on
• 24:18
  incorporating
• 24:19
  metabolic
• 24:20
  therapies
• 24:20
  for
• 24:20
  mental
• 24:20
  illnesses
• 24:21
  into
• 24:21
  your
• 24:22
  practice.
• 24:22
  These
• 24:22
  CME
• 24:23
  sessions
• 24:23
  are
• 24:23
  approved
• 24:24
  for
• 24:24
  AMA
• 24:24
  Category
• 24:25
  1
• 24:25
  credits,
• 24:26
  CNE
• 24:27
  nursing
• 24:27
  credit
• 24:27
  hours,
• 24:28
  and
• 24:28
  continuing
• 24:29
  education
• 24:29
  credit
• 24:30
  for
• 24:30
  psychologists,
• 24:31
  and
• 24:31
  they're
• 24:31
  completely
• 24:32
  free
• 24:32
  of
• 24:32
  charge
• 24:32
  on
• 24:33
  mycme.com
• 24:36
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• 24:36
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• 24:36
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• 24:37
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• 24:37
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• 24:37
  Metabolic
• 24:37
  Mind
• 24:38
  Podcast.
• 24:38
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• 24:38
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• 24:39
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  Lastly,
• 24:52
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• 24:52
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• 24:52
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• 24:53
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• 25:00
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• 25:00
  for
• 25:00
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• 25:01
  and
• 25:01
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