Latest / UK Column Radio / Life as an Arab Christian in the Middle East
Transcript
- 0:38All right, let me try not to butcher your name.
- 0:40Marian Shadowbati, thank you for joining me in the trenches.
- 0:45You are welcome. I am really happy to be here and
- 0:49I've watched a lot of your episodes and I think we're going
- 0:52to have an exciting conversation.
- 0:55Is it loud where you are? Most days, some days not.
- 1:01Depends. I'm in central Lebanon so for
- 1:07most people that don't know Lebanon, Lebanon is pretty much
- 1:11after the civil war divided into a sectarian more or less divide
- 1:16even though they're not like unbroken lines of sectarianism.
- 1:21Like no like in the in what we call a Christian area you would
- 1:24find Muslims but it's predominantly Christian.
- 1:28The type of culture is closer towards Christian culture and
- 1:33more Islamic dominated regions. The the day-to-day life is more
- 1:39closer towards the Islamic kind of day-to-day life.
- 1:42A lot of regions are really mixed at this point.
- 1:47So I'm in Mount Lebanon, which is basically what they call the
- 1:52Maronite stronghold. So it's a Christian Maronite
- 1:57stronghold. Historically, the war has been
- 2:00between Maronites and the Druze and the and the Islamic sects.
- 2:05However, this was solved decades ago, only to resurface during
- 2:09the Civil war in 75. But ever since it's really been
- 2:14mixed into it. But centrally here we don't
- 2:18really hear much and we don't see much of the the wars really
- 2:24'cause it's how do I say that gently?
- 2:28It's the location in which the leading group, which is a
- 2:34sectarian group. So even the church here has had
- 2:37that position in various periods of history.
- 2:42Their ally to the Israelis, Bashir Ishmael, who wanted to
- 2:47make peace with the Israelis and was assassinated by the
- 2:52Lebanese, was from the region I'm from.
- 2:56So they more or less, it's kind of considered the safe hub in
- 3:02the Middle East. It's where it doesn't get bombed
- 3:05no matter who gets bombed. However, I think this is going
- 3:09to change very soon. I expect that to strategically
- 3:15change. But for now, it's been more or
- 3:18less quiet. Yeah.
- 3:21What is your background? I'm Lebanese, born and raised.
- 3:28I was born here, raised here. I did immigrate as as most
- 3:34Christians here do. So every Christian household in
- 3:38Lebanon specifically has at least one or two members of
- 3:43their family that have immigrated.
- 3:46I lived in Canada for a good seven years, 8, seven and a
- 3:50half. And then I went to Germany for
- 3:52about a year and then I decided I want to come back home.
- 3:56This is where I belong. This is where I have something
- 3:59to offer. So I decided to come back.
- 4:03But I am very much born and raised here, very attached to
- 4:08the land and the history of the land and our existence in the
- 4:12land. And when I say our existence, I
- 4:14don't speak here from a sectarian perspective.
- 4:17I speak from a purely national Arab perspective because I do
- 4:23believe that the Arab national identity is a cumulative
- 4:30collective, all-encompassing identity.
- 4:33If you eliminate any component of it, you break it down.
- 4:38And so I, I don't think eliminating any component, which
- 4:43is one of the things that the West has tried to do in more
- 4:47ways than one, is to break that Arab identity, turn it into this
- 4:51Islamic identity, into a takfiri identity, into an identity
- 4:55that's so devoid and separated from the Christian West or the
- 5:01civilized W, which is really, to put it nicely, it's bullshit.
- 5:07Because Christianity started here, civilization started
- 5:13around here, right? Somewhere between Africa and the
- 5:17Arab world, we saw the rise of civilization and its growth,
- 5:23even if in separate ways, we saw the growth of civilization from
- 5:28that part of the world. And so when we talk about
- 5:32breaking down that Arab identity, we're inherently
- 5:36talking about making sure that no Arab nation would rise for
- 5:41another century, right? First, that's the idea.
- 5:44That's the threat, really. So I don't know if that answered
- 5:49your question. Well, I actually would like to
- 5:53know a little bit more about your background because you're
- 5:55very, very vocal on social media.
- 5:58So you're a type of activist journalist, is that right?
- 6:01Yeah, I've been working in journalism for the past 4-5
- 6:06years, but I did not reach journalism because it's, it's my
- 6:12dream job that I've always wanted to do.
- 6:14And in fact, a bit back into my history, I was a musician.
- 6:20I came from a very different place.
- 6:23It's my search. It's my, it's my personal search
- 6:26for identity that drove me towards, towards journalism,
- 6:32towards the work that I do. It's my search for who I am.
- 6:35Where do I belong? Why were we raised the way we
- 6:39were raised? Because where I was raised, we
- 6:41were raised in a concept where a Muslim is different from you,
- 6:46right? It's, it's like a whole gun.
- 6:49And I had to question it when I, when I emigrated, I had to
- 6:54question because when you, when you get to Canada, suddenly
- 6:57everyone that speaks Arabic is your brother, right?
- 7:00And I'm like, why was that not the case in Beirut?
- 7:05What was different than Meywood? And I realized it's, it's the
- 7:09legacy of The Crusaders that we still carry here in Mount
- 7:12Lebanon and in a lot of places and in the region where the idea
- 7:18is that we seem to believe that we are remnants of that Great
- 7:25Western Civilization kind of legacy and we want to keep it
- 7:33safe or something. So we developed over generations
- 7:41A mindset that's not Arab, a mindset that is actually an
- 7:47enemy of our own identity, right?
- 7:50And I think this is not something that only we have
- 7:53done. I think we see that in a lot of
- 7:55places in the world. I think we even see that in
- 7:58Africa. Maybe you can talk a bit about
- 8:00that. You have where you see a lot of
- 8:03Africans kind of from a position of self hating their own history
- 8:09and identity to say, look, we are better than this.
- 8:13And then they take a model that's very different from their
- 8:15social fabric and structure and say, well, this is what we want
- 8:19because this is the way, you know, and that's kind of the
- 8:23idea. But we're talking here over
- 8:25hundreds of years. So when I went to Canada and I
- 8:29figured that, well, we are Arab. Shocking, right?
- 8:36A Christian Maronite is an Arab. And that does come as a shock
- 8:39because there's the whole argument here that, oh, we are
- 8:42Phoenician. But this is something that was
- 8:44pushed very often by the West because even if you look at
- 8:47Phoenicia, it's a civilization. First of all, it's not, It's not
- 8:51a nation. Second of all, if you look at
- 8:54Syria, the hub of the Phoenician civilization was actually in
- 9:00Syria, not not in Lebanon, right?
- 9:03And so when, when we look at that and when we think about
- 9:05that and we realise how that identity is being used and
- 9:10abused to propagate geopolitical strategy, to turn us into tools
- 9:16for that geopolitical strategy, what do we do with that then,
- 9:21right. And that was the question that I
- 9:22found myself in front of. And the second question I found
- 9:27myself in front of was because I, I, I grew up Christian.
- 9:33My mother taught us a lot about Islam growing up.
- 9:35She's Christian. But her idea was we live in a
- 9:39country where everybody lives here and what you don't know,
- 9:42you fear, right? So she kind of broke it down to
- 9:45us from a younger age. But it was never really
- 9:49religious growing up until I went to Canada and I was faced
- 9:56with my own journey there, which which everybody, I, I believe,
- 10:01faces their own personal journey at some point in life.
- 10:05You go through your ups and downs, you figure out who you
- 10:07want to be, what you want to be, how you want to think, right?
- 10:10And then you're bombarded with all of these ideas, especially
- 10:14in a place like Canada where the liberal mentality is really at
- 10:18its peak. So what I really faced was who I
- 10:23want to be and what values do I want to hold and what fits with
- 10:27my understanding of the world and narrative.
- 10:30And I found myself defending faith from a perspective of
- 10:38understanding human value, right?
- 10:42That was the initial position. And then I started introspecting
- 10:46into who I am, the way I grew up, my faith, my religion, and I
- 10:50found myself getting feeling more, more at home, more safe in
- 10:57my own faith, in my own religion, the way I understand
- 11:00it not, not in the way that the West wants us to understand it.
- 11:07Christianity is not an enemy of Islam.
- 11:09They're not opposites, they're not contradictory, They're not
- 11:14at war with each other. It's misconception of what
- 11:18Christianity is and that I don't know the whole idea that Jesus
- 11:24Christ believes that only Christians will make it to
- 11:26heaven. What is this?
- 11:28What is this, right? We there's nothing like that in
- 11:32our faith. Nowhere, nowhere.
- 11:34He he does speak of love for all, right?
- 11:40He does say that those, that those that have faith in me are
- 11:43closer, closer in their worldly life and in their afterlife to
- 11:50God, right? But that has to do with
- 11:54understanding the commandments that he gave.
- 11:57It's, it's not about going to church.
- 12:00It's about living like a Christian, right?
- 12:02And when we look at that and when we look at the commandments
- 12:06of Jesus Christ, then we look at Islam.
- 12:08And really there is, there's a lot more similarities than there
- 12:15are differences because we do believe in the one same God.
- 12:19We do have faith in the one same value system, even if it
- 12:24manifests differently, right? So that's, that's really where I
- 12:30came from and I where I came to journalism from, from the idea
- 12:36that we must defend our identity because our identity is really
- 12:39truly one of the most civilized, founded in humanitarian
- 12:46understanding of what it means to be human and not in the
- 12:50geopolitical argument of defending human rights and, and
- 12:53military intervention. These are two different
- 12:55concepts. They stole our language, our
- 12:59terminologies, our value scale and turned it into a tool
- 13:04against us. And we stood for a long time
- 13:08saying, OK, I don't know how to deal with this because you're
- 13:12using a language that for me means one thing and for you
- 13:16means another. And I don't know how to argue
- 13:17that, how to fight that. But truly over time we realise
- 13:21that on the ground, no, there is a way to fight that and it's
- 13:24called the resistance. You're saying that Christianity
- 13:29and Islam are allies and and and have and have many overlapping
- 13:36values. Is that correct?
- 13:38Correct. And that's how that's what
- 13:42you've experienced growing up in the Middle East as a Christian.
- 13:46Very much so. Very much so, actually.
- 13:50A couple of my best friends are very devout Muslims and we can
- 13:55spend every day together without really any conflict.
- 14:01But if they are so overlapping, what is the point of being a
- 14:04Christian or being a Muslim? It has to do with your faith,
- 14:09right? So here it goes back to the
- 14:10question of is Christ the Son of God?
- 14:14This is what we believe. We believe that he was crucified
- 14:18and that he resurrected on the third day, right?
- 14:21This is what we believe. Islam does not believe in that.
- 14:24Muslims do not believe in that. However, that difference in
- 14:28faith in in the very details of the ideology of faith does not
- 14:35create a problem on the day-to-day life in a structural
- 14:42social fabric. It really does not.
- 14:45And even if you go into into Islam a bit deeper, you realize
- 14:49that they call Christ the soul of God.
- 14:58They value Christ as a prophet, they value Mary.
- 15:06And there is one thing significant in Islam is that
- 15:11whenever they talk about their faith, they talk about it as a
- 15:16continuation of everything that came before it.
- 15:19They go back to Adam and Eve. They go back to Abraham, right?
- 15:22And so when you do that, when you do that historical mapping,
- 15:27you inherently put the people or the followers of that faith in a
- 15:33position where they have to accept everyone that came before
- 15:36them. They don't consider anyone that
- 15:39came before them an enemy of their faith, right.
- 15:43And in doing that, we saw that Christianity and Islam have been
- 15:47able to coexist for centuries really.
- 15:49And had that not been the case, there would not be any one
- 15:53church left to toll the bells because the region has been
- 15:59under Islamic, different Islamic rules for a long time.
- 16:03And despite all of that, you still find a church in almost
- 16:07every town in every area in the Middle East.
- 16:11What about the Crusades? The Crusades. the Crusades is
- 16:15the most interesting thing to talk about really, because the
- 16:18Crusades even considered Christians that did not Latinize
- 16:23to be equal enemies to them as the Muslims.
- 16:26So we were equally killed, really, as Arab Christians, we
- 16:30were equally killed by the Crusades.
- 16:32We were equally fought by the Crusades.
- 16:34Our culture was fought by the Crusades because we were put in
- 16:40position. We either give up our own
- 16:42rituals and our own manifestation, ideologies,
- 16:46etcetera, and accept Latinization as the one true
- 16:50form of Christianity in the face of the indigenous Christians of
- 16:53the region, right? Or we are enemies of The
- 16:58Crusaders. And so this is pretty much what
- 17:02happened. A lot of the Christians actually
- 17:04fought alongside Muslims in the Crusades.
- 17:07And we see that in Haifa. We see that in eclipse.
- 17:11We see that in a lot of parts of Lebanon and Syria.
- 17:19So growing up as an Arab Christian in in the Levant
- 17:25effectively actually is a fairly peaceful experience.
- 17:31Hello. When we talk about peaceful
- 17:34experience, we have to say here that the West has infiltrated
- 17:39both Christianity and Islam. So in a lot of places where
- 17:45Islam has been infiltrated by a British or American Techfiri
- 17:53ideology or kind of a Muslim Brotherhood, a British version
- 17:58of the Muslim Brotherhood ideology, no, we did not see
- 18:03peace. Because among the chief things
- 18:06that I was talking about in the beginning for for the West, it's
- 18:11important that the region gets emptied of Christians really,
- 18:17and turn it into this evil Islamic region.
- 18:22And in a lot of places they have succeeded.
- 18:24And in a lot of places we see that the church is complicit in
- 18:29that. For example, during the war in
- 18:32Syria, immigration was opened through church facilities,
- 18:38through entire churches. And there are regions where
- 18:40entire churches were uprooted from one place to another
- 18:46because it was easy, it was fast.
- 18:47Instead of telling the people, we will help you defend your
- 18:53land, your identity, your belonging, you have the right to
- 18:56stay here. People were being told, let us
- 18:59get you out. It's the only safe option for
- 19:01you. You will have a better life.
- 19:03Why would I have a better life in a faraway place?
- 19:08Or you wouldn't help me, You know, fight the enemies of both
- 19:13our faith and our land and identity on this, on this land
- 19:19where I belong, where my children belong, where my
- 19:21ancestors have belonged, Right. So these these questions came up
- 19:26a lot as I was growing up. And I think when we talk about
- 19:35Christians living peacefully in the region, we have to be very
- 19:39careful about who was attacking Christians in the region at what
- 19:45point and for what cause, right? So when I look at, I don't know,
- 19:55when I look at Christians living in southern Lebanon alongside,
- 20:02let's say, the Islamic resistance, I don't see anyone
- 20:07that was threatened by that. And they live a very normal
- 20:12life, really. If you go to sewer which is
- 20:16within the influence of the Islamic resistance, you can go
- 20:22for one of the best beach parties you can imagine, I'm
- 20:25sure, and no one will talk to you about this.
- 20:30The truth is when we do the same and we go to HTS, which is now a
- 20:34non terrorist organization, right?
- 20:37When we go to HTS in the masters, how how do Christians
- 20:41feel? How do Sunnis that are non
- 20:43takfiris feel about that right? And see here it's a very
- 20:48delicate subject. Islam is 1 big title that is not
- 20:54all the same and it has been infiltrated for God's sake.
- 20:58We have Christian Zionism and I think it's one of the most evil
- 21:05versions of faith that could exist.
- 21:10So Islam has its version of Zionism and it's it's really
- 21:14Dakfiri Islam. Why, generally, is that whole
- 21:18region so hated by the West? I don't think it's particularly
- 21:28hated by the West. It's the most desired by the
- 21:32West. But the truth is, is that this
- 21:34region, whether it's the Levant or the greater Arab Peninsula,
- 21:38it has been one of the regions that fought for its existence
- 21:44deeply for centuries. And truly the West, even until
- 21:48now, has not been able to break that.
- 21:52So every century, every year, if you want to say, has its own
- 21:57version of resistance. The three emerges in ways that
- 22:02fit the needs or the requirements of of the time.
- 22:07So if we look at if we look at what the West wants from this
- 22:12region A it it definitely wants a non Arab nation to rise.
- 22:18There is there is no room for an Arab nation in the eyes of the
- 22:21West, right? If an Arab nation does come to
- 22:24be united, strong, powerful, do you imagine the capabilities of
- 22:31this region with the riches of this region?
- 22:34Same thing to Africa, right? Do you imagine these areas
- 22:39rising to their true potential? What happens to the West?
- 22:43A. They can no longer steal and
- 22:45exploit our riches. B.
- 22:49Who will do the work for them in their countries, in their
- 22:51continents? Who runs the US or Canada or
- 22:57Europe? And I'm not talking about who
- 22:59runs it financially. I'm talking about who runs it on
- 23:03the ground, who makes things work.
- 23:07I mean, it's really not not white Europeans that do that.
- 23:14And in Canada it's known. It's known that it's the Arabs
- 23:19that helped build a lot of regions in Canada anyways, and
- 23:25not to go into the detail of that, but if we rise as a nation
- 23:29to our full potential, we actually become one of the most
- 23:33encompassing in terms of social fabric and components within
- 23:39that social fabric. We become one of the most
- 23:43capable nations because we have experiences from all over the
- 23:47world, in all fields of the world, and we become an area
- 23:54that blocks Western exploitation, not just of this
- 23:58region, but the rest of Asia. The influence of the West in all
- 24:03of Asia and all of Africa is very much tied to what happens
- 24:08here. So if this nation is independent
- 24:14and neither left, neither kind of West leaning or right leaning
- 24:18or East leaning right, it's independent in its own identity,
- 24:22what happens? What happens to the rest of the
- 24:26world and the rest of the world from a perspective of Western
- 24:28influence, Right? And this is not new.
- 24:31This really goes back to the Crusader era, and some would
- 24:35argue even before, but yeah, this is what we're looking at.
- 24:40And This is why it's very much desired, and This is why it's
- 24:43very much infiltrated. And it's infiltrated over
- 24:47centuries in many different ways, to an extent that some
- 24:51people cannot see these things as infiltrations anymore, but as
- 24:56natural occurrences, which they really are not.
- 25:00But as I said a moment ago, the Western perspective of the Arab
- 25:06world is severely impoverished. I mean, if you if you speak
- 25:11about Arabs, it's just a bunch of brown Muslims and that's it.
- 25:14I mean, it's as it's as crude as that.
- 25:17But I mean, anybody who knows a basic bit of history of the
- 25:20region will know that it's exceptionally multi ethnic,
- 25:23multicultural and it has a long, long, long history going back to
- 25:28biblical times. When you say nation, then what
- 25:32do you mean? When we talk about the Arab
- 25:43nation, we're talking about the world in a post psych pico
- 25:49perspective. The borders that we live in
- 25:53today, while they have their benefits and they've had their
- 25:58benefits for some time, they're truly colonial at core.
- 26:03And what that means is that they are made to serve their roles,
- 26:09and these roles serve Western influence and not local
- 26:14benefits. So when we break down the world
- 26:17as we know it after World War 2, we can see that an Arab nation
- 26:25is something that truly is not understood by the West.
- 26:30However, the Jesuits, the Jesuits have understood that
- 26:36understood that very well. And they were one of the first
- 26:38ones to come to that region and study it as a whole and not as a
- 26:46divided segments. And they were the ones that
- 26:49influenced a lot the decision making in the West for Sack.
- 26:53Speaker So when we talk about the Arab nation, we talk about
- 26:59something that is not inherently colonial.
- 27:01We talk about the actual identity and the history and the
- 27:05tribal extension of the people of the region with their shared
- 27:10cultures and histories. For example, it is one of the
- 27:14things that are very well known is that people from Jabala Amin,
- 27:19which is southern Lebanon extended all the way to
- 27:22Palestine. Jabala Amin, the people of
- 27:26Jabala Amin go back in history to Yemen and most Christian
- 27:33Maronites in Lebanon extend back to Syria.
- 27:37A lot of the Baka extends to Quran.
- 27:39And my family specifically, we come from Al Khalil from
- 27:43Bawskar. So when when you look at that,
- 27:47this is the Arab nation we're talking about, we're talking
- 27:49about going back in history to what used to what used to exist
- 27:56before the worst kind of too cold and held it in in, in their
- 28:03hands and kind of strangled every aspect of its life.
- 28:09So now if I go back to my family and I tell them, listen, now
- 28:13we're originally from Palestine, they will not be happy about it,
- 28:18right? Because we're Christian
- 28:19Marinites, we're from Mount Lebanon.
- 28:20Well, not really. We're we're not, you know.
- 28:25But but Miriam, I mean, if you follow social, social media, we
- 28:29all know Palestine didn't ever exist.
- 28:35Yeah, because there isn't the letter P in Arabic.
- 28:43If we go back to to understand why the Zionist movement wanted,
- 28:52wanted Palestine and actually they did not want Palestine.
- 28:56They wanted Greater Israel, which is from the river, the
- 29:00inside rivers all the way to the sea and taking off.
- 29:06First of all, I'm going to go back in history before going
- 29:08back in. In theory, if you go back to
- 29:11Bludan, the Conference of Bludan in 1946, it was held in Syria
- 29:15and it was I think under President Shukri Kawatly at the
- 29:19time in Syria, it was in 1946. So it was before, before the
- 29:24Nakba and the British offered, offered to say, well, we're
- 29:30going to give that piece of land right over to the to the Jews.
- 29:38You know, it's really funny because this is something that
- 29:41people never look back into the conference of Budan.
- 29:44There was a whole negotiations in the conference that says,
- 29:49well, we do not believe that bringing the Jews from Europe to
- 29:55this region is the right thing to do for the Europeans to solve
- 29:58their Jewish problem. What come again, it's it comes
- 30:05as a shock if you bring that forward today because nobody
- 30:07talks anymore about how well Europe had a Jewish problem,
- 30:12regardless of whether I believe it was a Jewish problem or all
- 30:17of all of that debate of what was going on in Europe.
- 30:19But they had a problem with what do we do with the Jews in the
- 30:23region because nobody wants them in New York.
- 30:26And so they decided to bring them over here.
- 30:28Why did they bring them over here?
- 30:30Now that's a different question. The reason is, in my humble
- 30:33opinion, is that they needed to create something called the
- 30:36barrier state. The barrier state, I believe
- 30:38goes back to Napoleonic kind of mentality where it's it's a
- 30:45location you take over a piece of land, you bring in a people
- 30:49that is impossible to integrate in the region.
- 30:53You give them an upper hand militarily and financially.
- 30:58And whenever anything in its surrounding tries to raise its
- 31:01head up, you shoot it down. And so I think that's precisely
- 31:07what Israel is. It's a barrier state.
- 31:09It has succeeded for the past 100 years, but I don't think it
- 31:13will succeed much longer anymore.
- 31:16And it's not biblical either. No, no, definitely not biblical.
- 31:22If we look at the biblical history, the Jews, the
- 31:26Christians and the Muslims of the region are the semis.
- 31:30It was the Jews that later became parts of them became
- 31:33Christian and part of those Christians that became Muslim.
- 31:36It's not somebody that came from elsewhere.
- 31:39It was the people of this land that moved from Judaism to
- 31:42Christianity to Islam. Judaism, Christianity and Islam
- 31:45don't come in confrontation with each other.
- 31:47They come in continuation of each other.
- 31:52They come in in in a sequential following is what I mean.
- 31:55And so they came after each other.
- 31:56They didn't come at the same time.
- 31:58And then people fought about. They came really and
- 32:02sequentially after each other. And people moved from one faith
- 32:07to another for many reasons, some for financial, some for
- 32:11social, some for true belief. But all of that is to say that
- 32:18it's the Jews of this region, the Christians of this region,
- 32:21the Muslims of this region that have biblical right to this
- 32:24land. That's about it.
- 32:27That otherwise the people of Israel in the Bible, they're not
- 32:30an actual people. You know what I mean?
- 32:33It's a it's not an actual piece of land with an actual people.
- 32:38This is just a Christian Zionist perspective of it.
- 32:43In fact, if anything, Christianity came for all the
- 32:48people in the world. Christ came to save everyone,
- 32:53regardless of whether they knew or they did not know what they
- 32:56were doing right. This is the salvation we believe
- 33:00in. This is the salvation He spoke
- 33:01of on the cross. And His most sincere
- 33:05commandment, in my opinion, is pretty simple.
- 33:08It's there is no greater love than to sacrifice oneself for
- 33:13those you love, right? And and this in our modern
- 33:16understanding, it's what martyrdom is.
- 33:19It's what martyrdom is in Islam as well.
- 33:23It's to sacrifice yourself for what you think or you believe
- 33:28God has intended for the human being to live in value and
- 33:32dignity. And in doing that, we realized
- 33:35that there is really nothing biblical about current Israel
- 33:38and Zionism in occupied pops time.
- 33:43There's nothing biblical about it.
- 33:45It's about solving a Jewish problem.
- 33:47It's about creating barrier state.
- 33:48And it was. It's about geopolitical
- 33:49influence. Are there Jews in Lebanon?
- 33:57There used to be, There used to be.
- 34:00We still have synagogues in certain areas in Lebanon.
- 34:04However, most of them left the country or changed from Judaism
- 34:11to Christianity or Islam. But there are still the the
- 34:16towns that used to it's residents used to be Jews
- 34:22continue to have those names. So whatever is begins with the
- 34:26word Qribic in Lebanon is used to be Jewish Jewish town.
- 34:33Probably a lot of the Jews from Lebanon moved to Damascus after
- 34:41the nectar because one of the things that things that the
- 34:46British were doing is that they were pushing all of the Jews of
- 34:55the region into Israel, not just by choice but by force.
- 35:02So that's one of the things that I think it, it would be good if
- 35:04you can have an Arab Jew to talk about that.
- 35:10Even the Iranian Jews talk about that.
- 35:12They did the same thing in in Yemen after the takeover of, of
- 35:18Yemen. They flew several jets from
- 35:23Yemen to Israel. And these are Jews that have
- 35:26been there for centuries and they did not intend to go to
- 35:29Israel until, well, late in the, well, early in the 2000s.
- 35:37So really Judaism faced a lot of backlash in the region after,
- 35:45after the Nakba. And that however, even if we as
- 35:51Arabs, we use the term when we want to kind of talk about
- 35:57Israel, we address them as Jews, We don't address them as
- 36:01Zionists. However, it is known that we are
- 36:05not talking about Jews that remained in our lands because
- 36:09even the Jews of Syria address them in the same way of Syria
- 36:13before, before the Israelis became the Jews of Syria just
- 36:17last year. It's the same logic in which the
- 36:22Yemenis talk about in Masada, which are the Christians and and
- 36:29their reference when they talk about Masara, they're not
- 36:31talking about the Christians of the region.
- 36:33They're talking about the Western world, which has
- 36:37historically identified itself as the Christian world, right.
- 36:42So these have to come in their contexts.
- 36:46But yeah, to answer your question, I don't think there
- 36:49are any Jews left in Lebanon. I believe the last of them left
- 36:56somewhere in the late 90s or so, but yeah.
- 37:01Just to be clear, when we talk about Jews, we are including
- 37:06ethnic Jews as well as Jews by faith.
- 37:11Yeah, yeah. We're talking about Jews because
- 37:19most of the Jews here, they're not people that join Judaism.
- 37:27They're historically Jewish. You said earlier that that that
- 37:31Christianity and Islam are allies and and can coexist.
- 37:38Is therefore Judaism the enemy? No, no, that's not the enemy.
- 37:47To the extent of my knowledge, Jews and Damascus have had their
- 37:53own space. They've lived next to the
- 37:57Christian quarters and they've lived next to the Muslim quarter
- 38:02and all the the masters. Historically, Jews and Altups
- 38:09have lived right next door to the Christians, especially the
- 38:14Armenian Quarter Christians. To the Muslims it was never
- 38:21really problematic. However Jews do have a more
- 38:28closed off religion than Christianity and Islam, and much
- 38:35like really any minority but Judaism has its own.
- 38:40It also depends on what kind of sucks in Judaism because also
- 38:43Judaism is not like this one big thing right?
- 38:50They did live in more Jewish life, but they did interact with
- 38:56the rest of the world and they were not threatened by the rest
- 38:59of the world. Then.
- 39:00Had that been the case, to put it clearly, no Jews would have
- 39:04existed in the region for over 5 centuries.
- 39:10Had that been the region, the case, the Ottoman Empire would
- 39:13have eradicated all Jewish presence in the region.
- 39:18If, if you know, what I'm trying to put forward is really they
- 39:23have existed and the fact that they still exist in Alkyl and in
- 39:27in Damascus and in other places, it's proof that no, there isn't
- 39:33even in Iran, which Iran is Persian, right?
- 39:38It's not Arab, but it's, it has a mix of Islamic, Christian and
- 39:42and Jewish communities. And it doesn't seem to be
- 39:45problematic to me. So who is the enemy?
- 39:50Who is the enemy? Enemy is not religion.
- 39:54The enemy is a project. The enemy is imperialism,
- 39:59hegemony. The enemy is anyone who wants to
- 40:02exploit our land, our faith, our history against us and to drown
- 40:09us in fights and in killings that only serve their purposes
- 40:16and not ours. That is our enemy.
- 40:18The enemy is really. Now I think we can call it the
- 40:23Zionist movement, we can call it Western interests, Western
- 40:29interests that are being enforced geopolitically,
- 40:33geostrategically, through blood. They're not just being enforced.
- 40:42Everybody has geopolitical interests anywhere in the world,
- 40:49but to achieve it through dialogue, through negotiations,
- 40:51is one thing, and to achieve it through blood is another.
- 40:55And economic warfare is as much blood as military warfare is.
- 41:04But why does Israel see all of its neighboring countries as the
- 41:10enemy? Because it is the enemy of all
- 41:15of its neighboring countries. They are not the enemy of
- 41:22Palestine. But when you occupy a land, you
- 41:28kill its people, you oppress them, you strip them away from
- 41:32their dignity, from their value, and you seek to eradicate them.
- 41:37And you seek to do much of the same to anyone in the
- 41:40surrounding, to make people live subjugated to you.
- 41:46People will not accept that the Arabs, true Arabs, because
- 41:51collaborator governments tend to speak as if they're the Arab
- 41:55representatives, but they're as far away from Arab values as
- 42:00could be true. Arabs will never accept to be
- 42:06faced with an option that strips them from their dignity, and
- 42:10they say yes to it. And truly any free human will
- 42:14not accept that. And the truth is, is our
- 42:17history, our faith, our culture in all its representations.
- 42:23If we go now, because it was just Muharram and Ashura, if we
- 42:26go to, to, to Karbala and, and we see what happened in Karbala
- 42:31with Imam Hussain, we see that this is a people that is willing
- 42:36even in the face of the greatest of emperors, because this is
- 42:42where Christianity did great. This is where Christ did even in
- 42:44the face of the greatest of emperors.
- 42:46They said no. They said no.
- 42:48There is one truth. There is one thing that is right
- 42:51to do in the face of this oppression and we're going to do
- 42:54it. You can try to kill us, but
- 42:57we're going to do it. We might die, but there will
- 42:59come someone that will continue this path.
- 43:02And this has been true for thousands of years, and it will
- 43:07continue to be true. By that logic, even if we're all
- 43:11hearted, there will be a generation that will come back
- 43:14out and say, well, Nope, you're still wrong, right?
- 43:19That's that's what we believe. That was, that's what history
- 43:22has showed us. So Israel does see everyone who
- 43:24is surrounding as an enemy because it's an occupier.
- 43:28I think that's pretty straightforward.
- 43:30But what's happening in Europe, I mean, there's a huge Islamic
- 43:33problem that's taking over Europe that's fairly, it's
- 43:36fairly well documented. Yeah, that's a that's a backlash
- 43:40from what the Europeans have fed in our region for years.
- 43:45And we have warned about that. We have said takfiri Islam is a
- 43:49monster that you are feeding against us, but it will blow
- 43:53back in your faces and it's blowing back in your faces.
- 43:57And this has nothing to do with Islam.
- 43:59This has nothing to do with Islam.
- 44:00This is a political Islam that the West has fed for decades
- 44:05against our people. And this is what they're coming
- 44:07up with, right? Islam here as we know it.
- 44:12They're they're really mostly regular people.
- 44:20They're really regular people. But when you feed al Qaeda, when
- 44:23you feed the Muslim Brotherhood, when you feed the Taliban, when
- 44:28you feed HTS, when you remove the prescription of Jabhat al
- 44:31Nusra, who used to play soccer with beheaded men, right?
- 44:37They used to use their hands to play soccer.
- 44:39This is, this is well documented.
- 44:41These are the people that the West has decided to remove
- 44:44prescription against. So when you do that, guess what?
- 44:49That's why you're bringing all of the psychopaths and your
- 44:51regions. You're bringing all of the
- 44:52psychopaths that will at some point not be wanted here, not be
- 44:55allowed here. They're going to go back.
- 44:58What are they going to do there? What monster are you feeding?
- 45:03A friend of mine, I don't know if you know him, Kovac
- 45:07Amasilium, he, he said that what you're seeing is not really
- 45:12Islam, It's it's more Islamist. What what did he say?
- 45:16Islamism, which is very radical and very political.
- 45:20I call it taxirism. It has nothing to do with Islam.
- 45:24It's as far away from Islamic teachings.
- 45:27It's actually any any Muslim scholar you bring with happily
- 45:32tell you it's devoid of Islamic teachings.
- 45:34It's actually contradictory to Islamic teachings.
- 45:39This is Western Islam. This is where they fed.
- 45:44If it blows back in their faces, you cannot blame me, the Arab,
- 45:49you cannot blame Islam. It's only you who fed that.
- 45:53And I'm not talking to you, I'm talking to the watch.
- 45:59Miriam, as we know, you know, many, many people outside of the
- 46:05Middle East simply don't understand the nuances and the
- 46:08complexity of the region. And many more don't even know
- 46:13much about the Napa. And they just think, you know,
- 46:18it was Muslims that got removed, but it was also Christians that
- 46:21got removed from from what is now Israel.
- 46:28What is Christianity like in your region?
- 46:32Is it very small? Is it under attack?
- 46:35Is it growing? We are under attack, but we're
- 46:38not under attack by Muslims. We are under attack by the West.
- 46:41As I said before, they want us gone from the region in in Al
- 46:46Quts. We saw it through the Nakba, by
- 46:49murder, by blood, by direct killing, and we saw it after by
- 46:54immigration eradication, as I call it.
- 46:57We see the same here in Lebanon. Do you know how easy it is for
- 47:00an Arab Christian to get a visa anywhere and how difficult it is
- 47:04for an Arab Muslim to get a visa anywhere?
- 47:07They're not the same. I remember I was, I was still in
- 47:11Canada. I didn't get my Canadian
- 47:13passport by the time I wanted to go to the US to visit someone
- 47:18and I had to go given my Lebanese passport, right.
- 47:21And at the time I, I gave in my passport.
- 47:24And you know, they asked you these silly questions.
- 47:27Have you been to Syria? Have you been to whatever 'cause
- 47:31they were, it was still the, the war in Syria.
- 47:34It was during the time of the wars and in Aleppo.
- 47:41And then I literally while he was asking, I look at him and
- 47:44I'm like, listen, I'm a Christian Maronite.
- 47:45And he's like, oh, OK. And he stamped my passport, no
- 47:48questions asked. That's that's how simple it is.
- 47:52Yeah, that's how simple it is. That's how fast they want us
- 47:56out. That's how much they don't want
- 48:01us to return. We are given better offers in
- 48:05terms of jobs. We are pushed to want to be more
- 48:10Westernized. We are pushed away from our Arab
- 48:14identity even in faith. We are really pushed generation
- 48:20over generation to look at ourselves and feel Western.
- 48:25And of course, Christians are pushed by the rhetoric of if you
- 48:31stay here, you will face the fate of Muslims because, well,
- 48:34we cannot control them and we cannot tell who's who, right?
- 48:37The truth is the Christians and clubs, they come out to defend
- 48:42the Loxa just as much as they would come out to defend the
- 48:45Church of Natives just as much. Is that the truth is, is that is
- 48:51that perhaps also a reason why Israel exists?
- 48:54It's to attempt to westernise your region.
- 48:59Yes. It doesn't matter if it
- 49:01westernizes it or dumps it into a chaos of takfirism.
- 49:06The idea is to eliminate the Arab identity.
- 49:08And that's why Syria fell. That's why there was a global
- 49:12war in Syria. That's why today what Al Jelena
- 49:15is trying to do is to strip Syria of its Arab identity.
- 49:19And that's what I said in the beginning of this talk.
- 49:22If you remember, Arab identity is all inclusive.
- 49:27And that being said, eliminating a component of it eliminates or
- 49:31breaks down the Arab identity. Does Israel have a right to
- 49:36exist? No, no, it's an occupation.
- 49:48Unless you allow me to come over to your place, take over your
- 49:51home, tell you to get out and give me a right to exist there,
- 49:55the answer is no. But what do you say to those
- 49:59people who are living there now? It's not their fault.
- 50:03The people who are living there now, let me be clear, there was
- 50:06never an intention for the Arabs to create an Israeli Nekwa.
- 50:13It is the Israelis that are putting themselves in a position
- 50:17where every individual in Israel has become a soldier, has become
- 50:22a genocide enabler. Those that have an issue, well,
- 50:28they're welcome to leave. The airports are open.
- 50:31I don't think anyone has destroyed airports in in Israel.
- 50:37And one of the reasons is we want them out.
- 50:41We want them alive, but out. And that's something Al Quran
- 50:46said during one of the exchanges, prisoner exchanges.
- 50:50He told he looked the Israeli captive in the eye who was being
- 50:53released and told him, listen, we want you to be well, but we
- 51:00want you to be well outside of our land.
- 51:03This is our land. Give us our land and everyone
- 51:07else in it will be safe. But you cannot occupy my land
- 51:11and ask me not to fight for it. That's.
- 51:16Really stupid. What impact did the October
- 51:18Seven event have on the Arab world?
- 51:23Before October 7, the Arab world was moving towards
- 51:27normalization, and at the time normalization had significance.
- 51:30It was the liquidation of the Palestine cost.
- 51:35After October 7, any normalization today has 0
- 51:39significance, the cause of Palestine.
- 51:42Not only will it not be liquidated, it has become
- 51:46central, necessary and undoubtedly the most significant
- 51:53for the region to be able to survive.
- 51:58So October 7 has really changed the course of history for the
- 52:03Arab world and for the region. Despite all the pain and the
- 52:08losses and the sacrifices, the truth is that what happened
- 52:14since October 7 has brought us closer towards our liberation
- 52:20and our dignity than has Arab normalization after that did.
- 52:26So yeah. But the Arab world doesn't seem
- 52:30very unified. That's what I was talking about
- 52:34earlier. Arab collaborator governments
- 52:39have nothing to do with the Arab world.
- 52:42They're generally merely tribes, especially in the Gulf region.
- 52:46They're merely tribes that were given power by the Brits or
- 52:49otherwise to take control over pieces of territory that has
- 52:55riches that they wanted to exploit.
- 52:57And this is precisely what they do.
- 52:59So they're practically have slaves.
- 53:02They just have bigger houses. That's it.
- 53:08The Arab world, I believe, has made its position loud and
- 53:13clear, from Algeria all the way to Lebanon to Syria, to Iraq, to
- 53:23Yemen. And even if we look deep inside
- 53:27Jordan and we look deep inside Egypt, we will see there is a
- 53:31divide, a true divide. And there the Jordanians and the
- 53:35Egyptian governments are terrified of any coup that might
- 53:40happen because it will turn the tables over their heads.
- 53:43The truth is that the Arab people will find their way
- 53:48towards liberation and dignity because now they see that truly
- 53:53US and Israel, we are not fated to live subjugated to them.
- 53:59We have other options. Even if it comes at A at a high
- 54:04cost, the cost is still lower than the cost of being
- 54:08subjugated to them. However, you will always see a
- 54:10divided people. Any revolution has had divided
- 54:13people. Vietnam, South Africa, any
- 54:18revolution, any liberation movement worldwide historically
- 54:23has seen opposition from its own low skin and blood.
- 54:28What's going on between Israel and the rest of the Arab world?
- 54:34Is it a forever war? No, it is a forever war.
- 54:40It has been a forever war, but every forever war ends and I
- 54:47don't think the West can sustain this war much longer.
- 54:51I don't think we're at war with Israel.
- 54:52Had we been at war with Israel, we would have been liberated a
- 54:57while back. We're at war with NATO.
- 55:01We're at war with the US. We're at war with all of the
- 55:03Western Project Western hegemony.
- 55:05We're at war with everything that the West has created post
- 55:08World War 2. That's what we're at war with.
- 55:15Is it going to be a forever war? No, because one thing is true is
- 55:19that this is a war of attrition for them.
- 55:22For us, it's a war of dignity. And we might be able to strip
- 55:28them of all their riches much faster than they can eliminate
- 55:32all of us. So we'll see how long it will
- 55:35last. And definitely comes at a very
- 55:39high cost. And the cost is still going to
- 55:42rise, I believe. But we're looking at a war that
- 55:46will end because we're not going to back off.
- 55:52That's the one. And I'm guessing Israel will be
- 55:54the loser. Definitely, definitely.
- 56:00Because if it's not, then the war is not going to end.
- 56:04So yeah, it's it's the barrier state.
- 56:07They were used as tools. Some Jews that joined the
- 56:11Zionist movement, they're not aware of that, and now is a good
- 56:14time for them to be aware of that and find their way out.
- 56:18Otherwise they're stuck in a game they didn't want to play
- 56:22maybe. Or they're there by choice.
- 56:24And if you're there by choice, it is what it is.
- 56:30A lot of people also don't quite understand that Zionism is
- 56:34actually mostly driven by Christianity, not Judaism.
- 56:39Yeah, the Zionist movement is mostly pushed forward by
- 56:42Christian Zionists, which is hilarious really, because there
- 56:46is no such thing as Christian Zionism in in from a Christian
- 56:52perspective, you're either Christian or a Zionist.
- 56:55They really cannot be integrated into each other.
- 56:59It's impossible. And Christian Zionists has have
- 57:03proved that it's impossible. These Christian Zionists are
- 57:07devoid of Christianity, they're devoid of the teachings of
- 57:10Christ, and they're devoid of any understanding of history or
- 57:14geopolitics to say the least. Is there a future for
- 57:21Christianity in the Arab world? We are in an existential crisis,
- 57:27that's for sure. But I have faith that
- 57:31Christians, even away from their institutional leadership, they
- 57:39will rise up. They will defend their
- 57:41existence. And I am even more confident
- 57:45that it will be the Muslims that will defend our continued
- 57:50existence in this land, despite despite some complicity from our
- 57:56end and despite us choosing in a lot of places to self preserve
- 58:04instead of fighting for what we believe.
- 58:08What we believe is truth. Do you think that there will be
- 58:13an increased need for sectarianism?
- 58:18No, we are heading towards a lesser need for sectarianism and
- 58:24I believe we are heading more towards the return of a new,
- 58:30cleaner Arab resistance and a much more foundational Arab
- 58:37identity than anyone has anticipated for now.
- 58:43Yes, I mean a large portion of what you're talking about is
- 58:47tightly integrated into identity.
- 58:51Of course, it's mostly all integrated into identity because
- 58:55we do share the common identity. And I say this very comfortably
- 58:58because we are, we are an Arab world that is part of the
- 59:02Islamic world. And while these two are separate
- 59:07things, because the Islamic world is much wider than the
- 59:09Arab world, the Islamic world and the Arab world are
- 59:14foundational into each other. The Quran is in Arabic, the holy
- 59:19sites are in the Arab world. Islam is the bigger sect if we
- 59:26want to say that in the region, but it is not a threat to any
- 59:32other sect or ethnic group. And the truth is that within the
- 59:39Arab world there is no option but for us to rise in a unified
- 59:46identity. Otherwise we will always be
- 59:48slaves and tools for the West under hegemony.
- 59:53But it it is quite nuanced. I mean you you have the axis of
- 59:57resistance which is effectively 3 or 4 countries then.
- 1:00:01They are part of the Levant, which is part of the sort of
- 1:00:04Arab Peninsula, which is part of the Arab world, which is part of
- 1:00:10the Middle East, which is part of the Islamic world.
- 1:00:14That's what I said. It's it's foundational into the
- 1:00:17Islamic world, but they are still separate things.
- 1:00:21There is no doubt in Iran that we are Arabs and that they are
- 1:00:25Persian. But there is also no doubt that
- 1:00:29the Muslims here and the Muslims in Iran shared everything in
- 1:00:34Islam Islamically. But there is they they, they
- 1:00:38don't necessarily contradict each other.
- 1:00:41Your faith and your value scale is, could be, and most in most
- 1:00:47cases is separated from your language that you speak on a
- 1:00:51daily basis, from the food you eat, from the lifestyle you
- 1:00:54might have, in terms of the details of the lifestyle, from
- 1:00:58from a lot of things that have historical ties to your national
- 1:01:01identity. They don't necessarily need to
- 1:01:05clash. In a lot of places.
- 1:01:06Sometimes they will, but in a lot of places they don't.
- 1:01:10But that's the nature of the world.
- 1:01:12It's not. It doesn't come from a kind of
- 1:01:17complete perfectionist point of view.
- 1:01:21Well, to feed into what you've been talking about, I've got a
- 1:01:25friend who is a Christian and he grew up in Saudi Arabia with his
- 1:01:31family for 20 years and they went to church every week and
- 1:01:36found themselves absolutely in alliance with with the Muslims.
- 1:01:41And he said that he will happily go back to Saudi to to raise his
- 1:01:45family there because there is a collection of values that is
- 1:01:50shared and and and he doesn't find that collection of value
- 1:01:55shared, for example, in the US. Yep, I completely fall in line
- 1:02:01with your friend there. We, that's what I was trying to
- 1:02:04say. We share a value state.
- 1:02:06We truly do. We share.
- 1:02:11A lot of how we see the world is truly shared between
- 1:02:16Christianity and Islam. The foundation of our faiths are
- 1:02:20based on love and how we understand it, dignity and how
- 1:02:25we understand it, righteousness, justice in the face of
- 1:02:32oppression, right? These are the foundation of our
- 1:02:36faiths where while I said we we do differ in the faith itself
- 1:02:40per SE. We believe that Jesus is the Son
- 1:02:43of God, crucified and resurrected.
- 1:02:47They do not, and that will always be a point of kind of
- 1:02:52disagreement, but that does not create conflict in our
- 1:02:58day-to-day life at all. But also in in the Middle East,
- 1:03:07there's very little of this LGBTQ nonsense with men trying
- 1:03:10to be women and women trying to be men.
- 1:03:12And not not the common. Inversion of reality which?
- 1:03:16Which? Which is very, very, very
- 1:03:18destructive. Yeah, it does exist, more in
- 1:03:21Lebanon than in any other place, but the truth is it doesn't have
- 1:03:27a foundation for growth. Even within the LGBTQ community
- 1:03:32here, you generally do not find leniency towards the psychotic
- 1:03:39version of transgenderism or whatever 'cause now you can also
- 1:03:46go from like human to animal or whatever, and you don't find
- 1:03:51that welcomed even within the LGBTQ community generally in the
- 1:03:58Middle East. And the structure of society
- 1:04:04still maintains high values. And in doing that and
- 1:04:07maintaining those high values, it comes to show that whatever
- 1:04:13you do, it's the values that lead the society and not the
- 1:04:16wishful thinking or the hopes or the fantasies that are leading
- 1:04:20society. And it's also the needs of
- 1:04:22everyone's daily life requirements that lead the
- 1:04:25society and and the need to face a huge enemy that might kill you
- 1:04:29at any moment. That's the complexity of the
- 1:04:32life here puts you in constant face off with your values.
- 1:04:38And to understand that is to understand what it means to live
- 1:04:45and coexist with other faiths, not as coexistence, but as one,
- 1:04:52as as a united entity in the face of such evil.
- 1:04:59OK, so if we come in for a landing, Miriam, what is the
- 1:05:01moral of the story? The moral of the story is that
- 1:05:09our era by the entity IS is at risk.
- 1:05:12It's what's being fought. Our enemy is not Islam as
- 1:05:18Christians, and the Islam's enemy is not Christianity.
- 1:05:22There is no Islam that that happily calls on the beheading
- 1:05:27of Christians. This is takfir ISM.
- 1:05:30This is British born, British race, US funded version of
- 1:05:37Islam. We have nothing to do with it.
- 1:05:40We are fighting it. In fact it's Muslims that are
- 1:05:42fighting it more than anyone else.
- 1:05:46So the moral of the story is when you look at the Arab world,
- 1:05:51when you look at Islam, when you look at Christianity, when you
- 1:05:53look at the region, stop looking at it in bulks and start looking
- 1:05:58at it for what it is. Are Christians under threat?
- 1:06:02Yes. But from who?
- 1:06:05Muslims are killing Christians. What Muslims do?
- 1:06:09Ask the questions. Because the war we are at today
- 1:06:15is a war for our humanity. That's for our identity, our
- 1:06:18culture, but mostly for the rest of the world.
- 1:06:20It's a war for our humanity. Because what are you going to
- 1:06:23tell your children when you say you watched a live genocide
- 1:06:27unfold, millions of Arabs being killed over decades, and you
- 1:06:34thought you were doing the right thing?
- 1:06:37How do you explain that right? How do you absolve yourself from
- 1:06:41that? OK, Miriam, how can I follow you
- 1:06:46and your work? You can definitely follow me on
- 1:06:49Twitter. You can follow me on sub stack.
- 1:06:53On Twitter it's Miriam Miri AM 00961, and on a sub stack it's
- 1:07:02Miriam Sharabadi. I hope I don't butcher your
- 1:07:06name, but let me do this. Miriam Charabati, thank you for
- 1:07:09joining me in the trenches. Thank you, Jeremy.
- 1:07:12It's been a pleasure.