Transcript

Challah 3.8-4.1 · Time4Mishna

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Although in general, one is allowed to separate challah from one do on behalf of another do, if one of the do's is only obligated to, whereas the other one is obligated, midorayza, then you can't separate from one on behalf of the other because they are on different levels of obligation. If you think about it, midorayza, only one of them is obligated. So in that situation, you'll have to separate one challah from the midorisa dough and a separate one from the one which is only obligated to midrabanon. This mishnah will bring an application of this rule.
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One who takes sourdough from dough from which the challah has not yet been taken. Sourdough is dough which has been aged for a while, and if you add it to bread, then it causes it to rise, similar to what yeast does. So the case is where you've got dough which is still obligated in challah. You take part of that dough, use it as sour dough, and you put it into other dough from which the challah has already been separated. So, so now you've got this dough, which is chulin. It's unsanctified, but challah's already been separated, but now mixed in together with that is sourdough, which requires challah to be separated, but it's all mixed together with the new dough. You've got a mixture of chulin and tevil, tevel being produce from which the challah has not been separated. So how should you separate the challaf from the tevil portion of this dough? Now, with raisa, since there was only a little bit of the sour dough which was mixed with the chulin dough, it is nullified, and khal does not need to be separated from it. So, so midoriysa, this is a dough which is totally exempt from challah. However, Midirabon, when something from which challah has not been separated is mixed with chulin, because the punishment in general for eating tevil is so severe. So midran on tevil cannot be nullified even if it's mixed with lots of cholin, which means that mijra bon on this tevil is obligated in challah. Now, since it's totally mixed in, there's no way for you just to separate out the tevil part, because you can't recognize which part of the dough is tevl. And so you should have to separate kalof from the entire mixture, the mixture of chin and tevl, as if it was all tevl because the tel is totally mixed into the entire thing and you can't pick out the tevl. However, the mishnah is going to offer a solution. And that is this literally means if he has sustenance from another place, that means that if he has other flour available which he can make into dough, then moitzerfiches ben, he should separate challah from there according to the calculations and the proportions. Now, what exactly does that mean? So let's explain. If you were to bring other dough, which itself was the minimum amount which is obligated in challah, so that would be obligated mid oraysa in challah, that being the case, you wouldn't be able to separate challah from there on behalf of the mixture. Why? Because, as we explained before, the mixture is only obligated midrabanan midori. So the teval is nullified in the mixture of dough, so it's only obligated to nijabanan. And one cannot separate challah from dough which is obligated mid araysa on behalf of dough, which is only obligated mid rabanan. Rather, you should bring dough which is smaller than a kavanakota, so it in itself, by itself is exempt from challah. However, it should be large enough that if you combine it with the amount of tevel in the mixture, then then it makes up a covenant quarter. And then you should allow this new dough of tevel to touch the mixture, dough which contains chulin and tevel, and then separate khalaf from this new tevel dough on behalf of itself plus the tevo within the mixture. And this does work why? Because now it's considered to be separating khalaf from that which is obligated mijabon on behalf of mijabanan, because the dough is too small to be obligated by itself. So. So it's only obligated if you combine it with the tevil in the mixture, and the tevl in the mixture is only with jabonon, which means that only with jabonon you can combine it with the tevl to be obligated in challah. So this is the solution which the mishnah offers. And this way you won't need to separate challah by taking a portion of the entire mixture. Rather, you'll only end up taking challav for the tevil part of the mixture, so you won't lose out that way. However, says the mishnah vaim lav, if you don't have any other flour, so you're forced to take challah from the mixture itself. So in that case, I'm afraid you're going to have to separate one challah on behalf of the entire mixture as if it was all tevl, since as we explained, it is all totally mixed in and can't be picked out and recognized from among the khulim part of the mixture. Mixture, a similar case, Zaysei Mossik olives which are harvested by the owner to keep for himself. So they're certainly obligated in the various tithes. Shenus, orvrums, they say Nikov Ben. These olives get mixed together with Zeiss Nikov, which refers to olives which are left on the tree for the poor to take. And the same would apply to inve bots here, grapes which are harvested for the owner to keep himself. So those are obligated in tides, but they get mixed together in the odolois with odolois grapes, which are the grapes which aren't developed properly and they don't ripen fully and they need to be left for the poor. And as such they are exempt from tithes. So again, you've got a case of tevel which is mixed with chulin. The tevil is the harvested grapes or olives which are obligated in Mysoreis. And we're referring to the ones which go to the poor people as chulin, since they are exempt from tithes. Now, as mentioned in the previous mishnah, when you've got a mixture of tevil and chulin, and the tevil and chulin are the same type, so they're both olives or they're both grapes. So midoray. So as long as the majority is not, the tevil is nullified and will be exempt from separating tithes from the entire mixture. However, mijrabon on the tevil is not nullified. So Mijabbonon1 is obligated to separate tithes from the tevil part of the mixture. Now, you don't know which part of the mixture is tevl, so you can't just take a few out of the mixture and say that that is the tithes for the tevel, because you may have picked out some chulin olives or some chulin grapes, and one cannot separate tithes from chulin on behalf of tevil. So midrabonom, you will need to separate the tithes on behalf of the entire mixture.
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However, just like in the previous mishnah, there's a solution.
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If he has sustenance from another Place, meaning if he has other harvested olives or other harvested grapes which also require tithing. So then Moitzer el Fihesh Boyn, he can separate tithes from those olives or grapes according to the calculation of what proportion of the mixture is made up of the harvested olives or grapes. So that's a simple solution where you would separate tithes from olives or grapes which are not in a mixture. So they're certainly obligated in tithes. And it separates extra tithes so that it will cover the tevil part of the mixture as well. Now, also, as we mentioned in the previous Mishnah, it's important that the olives or grapes which he's using to tithe are only obligated Midrabanon if the majority of the mixture is chulin, since that means that the tevil in the mixture is only obligated Midrabanon. So you have to separate from Mijabonan on behalf of Midrabonon. The im Love says the Mishnah, if you haven't got other olives or grapes which need tithing. So you're going to have to separate the tithes from the entire mixture.
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We're going to consider the entire mixture as tevel and some mitsi Trumas, Trumas maisa lakol. We'll have to separate truma and trumas maisa, which are two gifts which go to kohanim. We'll have to separate that for the entire mixture, Vasha and the rest of the tithes, I. E Maisa or mysosheni, myserishim which goes to Alevi, and mysosheni, which can be kept for oneself and eaten in Yerushalayim. Those tithes are slightly less severe. And listen carefully to how we learn this. You do need to separate these tithes from the entire mixture. So we we still view the entire mixture as tevel. However, when it comes to giving the meissa to the Levi or to bringing out the meissos for yourself, that is Lefi Cheshbun, that is only according to the calculation of how much tevo is in the mixture. So if, for example, only a tenth of the mixture was tevl, although you separate my Saurishan and my sashayne from the entire mixture, you'll only have to really treat 1/10 of them as my saritian or shayni, but the rest of it you'll be able to keep yourself. And the reason why Meisser Richen and Meissa Shanei are different to truma and Trumas meisser is because truma and trumas meisser can never be eaten by a non kohen. So as soon as you've declared something truma or trumus meissa, you have to give it to a kohen. But when it comes to mycerition and meissa shaini, that can be eaten by anybody. So although you need to declare more of it as meisserishin meissosheni, that's only in order to permit the mixture. But once you have done that, the levi only has rights to to a tenth of that, and you'll only be obligated to take up a tenth of that to Yerushalayim. As my seshayni mishni yud. A few mishnayah ago, we learned about a case where dough contains both wheat flour and rice flour. And we learned in what situations would it be obligated in challah? We're now going to see a very similar case. Hanoit al Sirm esas Chitim. One who takes sourdough from wheat bread from wheat dough. And this wheat dough has not yet the challah has not yet been taken from it. So it's tevel.
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And he puts it into dough made out of rice flour. So just like we learned a few mishnayas ago, in Mishp Tam Dagon, if the dough has the taste of the primary grain, it has the taste of the wheat, then chayos bar challah, the entire dough is considered obligated in challah, even though rice is not obligated in challah, since the entire dough has the taste of the obligated part of the mixture, the law is that we view the entire mixture as if it was the wheat.
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But if not, if it does not give the taste, then pera, the entire mixture is exempt from challah, the reason being that the wheat will be nullified in the rice. And so he would consider the entire dough to be made out of rice flour. Now, the Mishnah asks, we saw in the last couple of mishnayas that although if tevil is mixed with chulin and the majority is, then the tevil is nullified and the entire mixture is permitted. We learned that mijra Bonon, if the tevil and chulin are the same type of produce, for example, in the previous Mishnah, where they are both olives or they're both grapes, so midrabon, because of the severity of eating tevl tea, tevo cannot be nullified in cholin. So the Mishnah asks, hang on. We Just saw in this Mishnah that the tevil wheat flour is nullified in the majority of rice flour, which is we just learned that if the wheat does not give off its taste, then even though it's tevil, it is nullified in the rice. So surely that contradicts the previous capital of Mishnayas. Ask the Mishnah Cain. If so, why did they say that Tevl forbids the entire mixture even if there's only a tiny amount of Tevl? Answers the Mishnah. A very important distinction. Min Baminoi. That is only when they are the same type of produce. Meaning in the previous capital of Mishna, Isa go, for example, the olives case. The reason why over there, the tevil olives make the entire mixture of olives forbidden, even if there's only a tiny amount of the tevil olives is because they are both the same type of produce. They're both olives. Whereas in our case, in our mission, it's for shaloba minai, it's when tevil is mixed with a different type of species. Wheat was mixed with rice. So in that scenario the tevil will only forbid the chulin, but no same tam if the tevil gives off its taste to the rest of the mixture. So again, if a forbidden Tevl item is mixed with a permitted khun item, if they're both the same type of produce, then the mixture is definitely forbidden. Midrabanon. But if it's different types of produce, then the mixture will only be forbidden if the taste of the tevel can be felt in the entire mixture. But otherwise the teva will actually be nullified in the chulain and the entire mixture will be permitted. Now, the Mephorishim do explain the reason for this distinction, but that is beyond the scope of this shay. We move on to paytal admission. Alif. We learned early on in the Maserta that if somebody has two small pieces of dough which individually are too small to be obligated in challah, but then he sticks them together. So if he sticks them together enough such that if he would remove one of the dough from the other, it would take with it part of the other dough. So that means they're stuck together properly and they do combine, and they would be obligated in the focus of our mission is what happens if either the two does belong to two different people, or if the two does are made of two different things, then can they combine? Says the Mishna, if two different women make two small do's and they are each the volume of a cav. And of course, the minimum volume which a dough needs to be to be is a covenant quarter. And then both pieces of dough touched each other, and they were actually stuck together properly, such that if you would move one of them, it would take with it part of the other dough. When you separate the two, says the Mishnah, even if both of the pieces of dough are made of the same flour, nevertheless they are exempt from challah. The reason being that since they belong to two different people, they don't want their dos to be connected. They don't want their own dough to be connected and mixed with the other person's dough, and therefore their dos cannot combine. Now, what happens if is manshi, ish, heimshal, ishaachas, in a situation in which they both belong to the same woman, and then they get stuck together. So if both pieces of dough are made of the same flour, they come from the same species, then it is obligated in halo, because now it's considered like one larger piece of dough, which is at least the minimum size of challah of dough, which is obligated in challah. However, the Shaloba Minai, if either piece of dough is a different species, then potter, it remains exempt from challah. And so we see from this Mishnah that there's only one case where two small pieces of dough can combine and become obligated, and that is if they belong to the same person and they are made of the same flour. But if either of those two conditions are not met, then the dough will remain exempt from challah.