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Art of War (version 3)-Sun Tzu 孙武 · The Art of War - Sun Tzu

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  Speaker 1: Chapter one of the Art of War. This is a
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  Speaker 1: LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
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  Speaker 1: For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
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  Speaker 1: Recording by Phil Schinevert The Art of War by Sun Su,
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  Speaker 1: translated by Lionel Giles. Chapter one, laying plans, Sun Su said,
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  Speaker 1: the art of war is of vital importance to the state.
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  Speaker 1: It is a matter of life and death, a road
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  Speaker 1: either to safety or to ruin. Hence, it is a
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  Speaker 1: subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected.
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  Speaker 1: The art of war, then, is governed by five constant
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  Speaker 1: factors to be taken into account in one's deliberations when
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  Speaker 1: seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field. These
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  Speaker 1: are one the moral Law, two Heaven, three Earth, four,
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  Speaker 1: the commander, five method and discipline. The moral law causes
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  Speaker 1: the people to be in complete accord with their ruler,
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  Speaker 1: so that they will follow him regardless of their lives,
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  Speaker 1: undispayed by any danger. Heaven signifies night and day, cold
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  Speaker 1: and heat, times and seasons. Earth comprises distances great and small,
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  Speaker 1: danger and security, open ground and narrow passes. The chances
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  Speaker 1: of life and death the commander stands for the virtues
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  Speaker 1: of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage, and strictness by method and discipline,
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  Speaker 1: nor to be understood. The marshaling of the army and
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  Speaker 1: its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers,
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  Speaker 1: the maintenance of the roads by which supplies may reach
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  Speaker 1: the army, and the control of military expenditure. These five
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  Speaker 1: heads should be familiar to every general. He who knows
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  Speaker 1: them will be victorious. He who knows them not will fail. Therefore,
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  Speaker 1: in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions,
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  Speaker 1: let them be made the basis of a comparison. In
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  Speaker 1: this wise, One which of the two sovereigns is imbued
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  Speaker 1: with the moral law? Two which of the two generals
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  Speaker 1: has most ability? Three with whom lie the advantages derived
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  Speaker 1: from Heaven and Earth. Four on which side is disciplined
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  Speaker 1: more rigorously enforced, Five which army is stronger, Six on
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  Speaker 1: which side are officers and men more highly trained? Seven
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  Speaker 1: in which army is there the greater constant see both
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  Speaker 1: in reward and punishment. By means of these seven considerations,
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  Speaker 1: I can forecast victory or defeat the general that hearkens
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  Speaker 1: to my counsel and acts upon it, will conquer. Let
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  Speaker 1: such a one be retained in command. The general that
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  Speaker 1: hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will
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  Speaker 1: suffer defeat. Let such a one be dismissed while heeding
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  Speaker 1: the profit of my counsel. Avail yourself also of any
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  Speaker 1: helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules. According as
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  Speaker 1: circumstances are favorable, one should modify one's plans. All warfare
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  Speaker 1: is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we
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  Speaker 1: must seem unable. When using our forces, we must seem inactive.
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  Speaker 1: When we are near, we must make the enemy believe
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  Speaker 1: we are far away. When far away, we must make
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  Speaker 1: him believe we are near. Hold out bates to entice
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  Speaker 1: the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him. If he is
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  Speaker 1: secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he
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  Speaker 1: is in superior strength, evade him. If your opponent is
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  Speaker 1: of choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak,
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  Speaker 1: that he may grow arrogant. If he is taking his ease,
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  Speaker 1: give him no rest. If his forces are united, separate them.
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  Speaker 1: Attack him where he is unprepared. Appear where you are
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  Speaker 1: not expected. These military devices leading to victory must not
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  Speaker 1: be divulged beforehand. Now, the general who wins a battle
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  Speaker 1: makes many calculations in his temple ere the battle is fought.
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  Speaker 1: The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand.
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  Speaker 1: Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations
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  Speaker 1: to defeat? How much more no calculation at all. It
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  Speaker 1: is by attention to this point that I can foresee
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  Speaker 1: who is likely to win or lose. End of chapter one,
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  Speaker 1: Chapter two of the Art of War by Sun Su,
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  Speaker 1: translated by Lionel Giles. This LibriVox recording is in the
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  Speaker 1: public domain. Chapter two, Waging War, Sun Sou says, in
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  Speaker 1: the operations of war, where there are in the field
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  Speaker 1: a thousand swift chariots, as many heavy chariots, and one
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  Speaker 1: hundred thousand male clant soldiers with provisions enough to carry them,
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  Speaker 1: a thousand lie the expenditure at home and at the front,
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  Speaker 1: including entertainment of guests. Small items such as glue and
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  Speaker 1: paint and sums spent on chariots and armor will reach
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  Speaker 1: the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day.
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  Speaker 1: Such is the cost of raising an army of one
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  Speaker 1: hundred thousand men. When you engage in actual fighting, if
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  Speaker 1: victory is long in coming, then men's weapons will grow
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  Speaker 1: dull and their order will be damped. If you lay
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  Speaker 1: siege to a town, you will exhaust your strength again.
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  Speaker 1: If the campaign is protracted, the resources of the state
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  Speaker 1: will not be equal to the strain. Now, when your
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  Speaker 1: weapons are dulled, your order damped, your strength exhausted, and
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  Speaker 1: your treasure spent, other chieftains will spring up to take
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  Speaker 1: advantage of your extremity. Then no man, however wise, will
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  Speaker 1: be able to avert the consequences that must ensue. Thus,
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  Speaker 1: though we have heard of stupid haste and wars, has
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  Speaker 1: never been seen associated with long delays. There is no
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  Speaker 1: instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare. It
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  Speaker 1: is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils
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  Speaker 1: of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of
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  Speaker 1: carrying it on. The skillful soldier does not raise a
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  Speaker 1: second levee, neither are his supply wagons loaded more than twice.
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  Speaker 1: Bring war material with you from home, but forage on
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  Speaker 1: the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for
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  Speaker 1: its needs. Poverty of the state exchequer causes an army
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  Speaker 1: to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to
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  Speaker 1: maintain an army at a distance causes the people to
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  Speaker 1: be impoverished. On the other hand, the proximity of an
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  Speaker 1: army causes prices to go up, and high prices cause
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  Speaker 1: the people's substance to be drained away. When the substance
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  Speaker 1: is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.
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  Speaker 1: With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the
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  Speaker 1: homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three
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  Speaker 1: tenths of their income will be dissipated, while government expenses
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  Speaker 1: for broken chariots, worn out horses, breastplates and helmets, bows
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  Speaker 1: and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draft oxen, and
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  Speaker 1: heavy wagons will amount to four tenths of its total revenue. Hence,
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  Speaker 1: a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy.
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  Speaker 1: One court load of enemies provisions is equivalent to twenty
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  Speaker 1: of one's own, and likewise a single pecool of his
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  Speaker 1: provender is equivalent to twenty from one's own store. Now,
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  Speaker 1: in order to kill the enemy, our men must be
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  Speaker 1: roused to anger that there may be advantage from defeating
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  Speaker 1: the enemy. They must have their rewards. Therefore, in chariot fighting,
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  Speaker 1: when ten or more chariots have been taken, those should
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  Speaker 1: be rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should
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  Speaker 1: be substituted for those of the enemy, and the chariots
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  Speaker 1: mingled and used in conjunction with ours. The captured soldiers
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  Speaker 1: should be kindly treated and kept. This is called using
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  Speaker 1: the conquered foe to augment one's own strength in war.
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  Speaker 1: Then let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.
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  Speaker 1: Thus it may be known that the leader of armies
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  Speaker 1: is the arbiter of the people's fate, the man on
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  Speaker 1: whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace
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  Speaker 1: or in peril. End of chapter two, Chapter three of
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  Speaker 1: the Art of War by Sun Sou, translated by Lionel Giles.
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  Speaker 1: This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Chapter three
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  Speaker 1: attack by Stratagem. Sun Zou said, in the practical Art
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  Speaker 1: of war, the best thing of all is to take
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  Speaker 1: the enemy's country whole and intact to shatter and destroy
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  Speaker 1: it is not so good, so too, it is better
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  Speaker 1: to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to
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  Speaker 1: capture a regiment, a detachment, or a company entire than
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  Speaker 1: to destroy them. Hence, to fight and conquer in all
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  Speaker 1: your battles is not supreme excellence. Supreme excellence consists in
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  Speaker 1: breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting. Thus, the highest form
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  Speaker 1: of generalship is to balk the enemy's plans. The next
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  Speaker 1: best is to prevent the injunction of the enemy's forces.
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  Speaker 1: The next in order is to attack the enemy's army
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  Speaker 1: in the field. And the worst policy of all is
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  Speaker 1: to besiege walled cities. The rule is not to besiege
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  Speaker 1: walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation
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  Speaker 1: of mantelets, movable shelters, and various implements of war will
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  Speaker 1: take up three whole months, and the piling up of
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  Speaker 1: mounds over against the wall will take three months more.
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  Speaker 1: The general, unable to control his irritation, will launch his
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  Speaker 1: men to the assault like swarming ants, with the result
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  Speaker 1: that one third of his men are slain while the
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  Speaker 1: town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of
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  Speaker 1: a siege. Therefore, the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops
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  Speaker 1: without any fighting he captures their cities without laying siege
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  Speaker 1: to them. He overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in
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  Speaker 1: the field. With his forces intact, he will dispute the
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  Speaker 1: mastery of the empire, and thus, with out losing a man,
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  Speaker 1: his triumph will be complete. This is the method of
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  Speaker 1: attacking by stratagem. It is the rule in war. If
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  Speaker 1: our forces are ten to the enemies one two, surround him.
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  Speaker 1: If five to one to attack him. If twice as numerous,
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  Speaker 1: to divide our army into two. If equally matched, we
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  Speaker 1: can offer battle. If slightly inferior in numbers, we can
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  Speaker 1: avoid the enemy. If quite unequal in every way, we
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  Speaker 1: can flee from him. Hence, though an obstinate fight may
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  Speaker 1: be made by a small force, in the end it
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  Speaker 1: must be captured by the larger force. Now, the general
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  Speaker 1: is the bulwark of the state. If the bulwark is
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  Speaker 1: complete at all points, the state will be strong. If
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  Speaker 1: the bulwark is defective, the state will be weak. There
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  Speaker 1: are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune
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  Speaker 1: upon his army. One by commanding the army to advance
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  Speaker 1: or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it
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  Speaker 1: cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army. Two by
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  Speaker 1: attempting to govern an army in the same way as
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  Speaker 1: he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which
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  Speaker 1: obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds.
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  Speaker 1: Three by employing the officers of his army without discrimination
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  Speaker 1: through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances,
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  Speaker 1: this shakes the confidence of the soldiers. But when the
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  Speaker 1: army is restless and distrustful, trouble is sure to come
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  Speaker 1: from the other feudal princes. This is simply bringing anarchy
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  Speaker 1: into the army and flinging victory away. Thus we may
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  Speaker 1: know that there are five essentials for victory. One he
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  Speaker 1: will win who knows when to fight and win not
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  Speaker 1: to fight. Two he will win who knows how to
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  Speaker 1: handle both superior and inferior forces. Three he will win
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  Speaker 1: whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all
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  Speaker 1: its ranks. Four he will win who prepared himself waits
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  Speaker 1: to take the enemy unprepared. Five he will win who
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  Speaker 1: has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign.
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  Speaker 1: Hence the saying if you know the enemy and know yourself,
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  Speaker 1: you need not fear the result of a hundred battles.
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  Speaker 1: If you know yourself but not the enemy, For every
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  Speaker 1: victory gained, you will also suffer a defeat. If you
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  Speaker 1: know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in
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  Speaker 1: every battle. End of chapter three, chapter four of The
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  Speaker 1: Part of War by Sun Su, translated by Lionel Giles.
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  Speaker 1: This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Chapter four,
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  Speaker 1: Tactical Dispositions. Sun Su said, the good fighters of old
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  Speaker 1: first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then
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  Speaker 1: waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy. To secure
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  Speaker 1: ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands. But the
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  Speaker 1: opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself.
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  Speaker 1: Thus the good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat,
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  Speaker 1: but cannot make certain of defeating the enemy. Hence the
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  Speaker 1: saying one may know how to conquer without being able
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  Speaker 1: to do it. Security against defeat implies defensive tactics. Ability
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  Speaker 1: to defeat the enemy means taking the offensive. Standing on
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  Speaker 1: the defensive indicates insufficient strength. Attacking a superabundance of strength.
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  Speaker 1: The general who is skilled in defense hides in the
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  Speaker 1: most secret recesses of the earth. He who is skilled
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  Speaker 1: in attack flashes forth from the topmost heights of heaven. Thus,
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  Speaker 1: on the one hand, we have the ability to protect ourselves.
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  Speaker 1: On the other, a victory that is complete. To see
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  Speaker 1: victory only when it is within the kin of a
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  Speaker 1: common herd is not the acme of excellence. Neither is
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  Speaker 1: it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer,
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  Speaker 1: and the whole empire says well done. To lift an
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  Speaker 1: autumn hair is no sign of great strength. To see
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  Speaker 1: the sun and moon is no sign of sharp sight.
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  Speaker 1: To hear the noise of thunder is no sign of
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  Speaker 1: a quick ear. But the ancients called a clever fighter
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  Speaker 1: is one who not only wins ends, but excels in
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  Speaker 1: winning with ease. Hence, his victories bring him neither reputation
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  Speaker 1: for wisdom nor credit for courage. He wins his battles
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  Speaker 1: by making no mistakes. Making no mistakes is what establishes
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  Speaker 1: the certainty of victory, for it means conquering an enemy
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  Speaker 1: that is already defeated. Hence, the skillful fighter puts himself
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  Speaker 1: into a position which makes defeat impossible, and does not
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  Speaker 1: miss the moment for defeating the enemy. Thus it is
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  Speaker 1: that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after
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  Speaker 1: the victory has been won, whereas he who is destined
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  Speaker 1: to defeat first fights and afterwards looks for victory. The
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  Speaker 1: consummate leader cultivates the moral law and strictly adheres to
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  Speaker 1: method and discipline. Thus it is in his power to
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  Speaker 1: control success. In respect of military method, we have firstly measurement,
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  Speaker 1: secondly estimation of quantity, thirdly calculation, fourthly balancing of chances.
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  Speaker 1: Fifthly victory. Measurement owes its existence to earth, estimation of
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  Speaker 1: quantity to measurement, calculation to estimation of quantity, balancing of
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  Speaker 1: chances to calculation, and victory to balancing of chances. A
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  Speaker 1: victorious army opposed to a routed one is as a
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  Speaker 1: pound's weight placed in the scale against a single grain.
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  Speaker 1: The on rush of a conquering forces like the bursting
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  Speaker 1: of pent up waters into a chasmate thousand fathoms deep.
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  Speaker 1: End of chapter four, Chapter five of the Art of
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  Speaker 1: War by suns Su, translated by Lionel Giles. This LibriVox
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  Speaker 1: recording is in the public domain. Chapter five Energy Sansu said,
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  Speaker 1: the control of a large force is the same principle
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  Speaker 1: as the control of a few men. It is merely
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  Speaker 1: a question of dividing up their numbers. Fighting with a
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  Speaker 1: large army under your command is nowise different from fighting
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  Speaker 1: with a small one. It is merely a question of
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  Speaker 1: instituting signs and signals to ensure that your whole host
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  Speaker 1: may withstand the brunt of the enemy's attack and remain unshaken.
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  Speaker 1: This is affected by maneuvers direct and indirect, that the
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  Speaker 1: impact of your army may be like a grindstone dashed
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  Speaker 1: against an egg. This is affected by the science of
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  Speaker 1: weak points and strong In all fighting, the direct method
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  Speaker 1: may be used for joining battle, but in thy direct
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  Speaker 1: methods will be needed in order to secure victory. Indirect tactics,
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  Speaker 1: efficiently applied, are inexhaustible, as heaven and earth, unending as
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  Speaker 1: the flow of rivers and streams. Like the Sun and moon,
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  Speaker 1: they end, but to begin anew Like the four seasons,
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  Speaker 1: they pass away to return once more. There are not
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  Speaker 1: more than five musical notes, yet the combination of these
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  Speaker 1: five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard.
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  Speaker 1: There are not more than five primary colors blue, yellow, red, white,
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  Speaker 1: and black. Yet in combination they produce more hues than
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  Speaker 1: can ever be seen. There are not more than five
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  Speaker 1: cardinal tastes sour, acrid, salt, sweet, bitter, yet combinations of
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  Speaker 1: them yield more flavors than can ever be tasted. In battle,
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  Speaker 1: there are not more than two methods of attack, the
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  Speaker 1: direct and the end direct. Yet these two, in combination
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  Speaker 1: give rise to an endless series of maneuvers. The direct
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  Speaker 1: and the end direct lead on to each other in turn.
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  Speaker 1: It is like moving in a circle. You never come
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  Speaker 1: to an end. Who can exhaust the possibilities of their combination.
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  Speaker 1: The onset of troops is like the rush of a torrent,
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  Speaker 1: which will even roll stones along in its course. The
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  Speaker 1: quality of decision is like the well timed swoop of
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  Speaker 1: a falcon, which enables it to strike and destroy its victim. Therefore,
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  Speaker 1: the good fighter will be terrible in his onset and
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  Speaker 1: prompt in his decision. Energy may be likened to the
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  Speaker 1: bending of a crossbow, decision to the releasing of a trigger.
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  Speaker 1: Amid the turmoil and tumult of battle, there may be
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  Speaker 1: seeming disorder, and yet no res disorder at all. Amid
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  Speaker 1: confusion and chaos. Your array may be without head or tail,
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  Speaker 1: yet it will be proof against defeat. Simulated disorder postulates
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  Speaker 1: perfect discipline. Simulated fear postulates courage. Simulated weakness postulates strength.
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  Speaker 1: Hiding order beneath the cloak of disorder is simply a
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  Speaker 1: question of subdivision, concealing courage under a show of timidity
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  Speaker 1: presupposes a fund of latent energy, masking strength with weakness
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  Speaker 1: is to be affected by tactical dispositions. Thus, one who
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  Speaker 1: is skillful at keeping the enemy on the move maintains
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  Speaker 1: deceitful appearances according to which the enemy will act. He
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  Speaker 1: sacrifices something that the enemy may snatch at it. By
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  Speaker 1: holding out bates, he keeps him on the march. Then,
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  Speaker 1: with a body of picked men, he lies and wait
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  Speaker 1: for him. The clever combatant looks to the effect of
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  Speaker 1: combined energy and does not require too much from individuals,
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  Speaker 1: hence his ability to pick out the right men and
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  Speaker 1: utilize combined energy. When he utilizes combined energy, his fighting
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  Speaker 1: men become, as it were, like unto rolling logs or stones.
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  Speaker 1: For it is the nature of a log or stone
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  Speaker 1: to remain motionless on level ground, and to move when
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  Speaker 1: on a slope, if four cornered to come to a standstill,
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  Speaker 1: but if round shaped to go rolling down. Thus the
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  Speaker 1: energy developed by good fighting men is as the momentum
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  Speaker 1: of a round stone rolled down a mountain thousands of
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  Speaker 1: feet in height. So much on the subject of energy.
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  Speaker 1: End of chapter five, Chapter six of the Art of
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  Speaker 1: War by Sun Sou, translated by Lionel Giles. This LibriVox
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  Speaker 1: recording is in the public domain. Chapter six weak points
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  Speaker 1: and strong. Sunsu said, whoever is first in the field
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  Speaker 1: and awaits the coming of the enemy will be fresh
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  Speaker 1: for the fight. Whoever is second in the field and
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  Speaker 1: has to hasten to battle, will arrive exhausted. Therefore, the
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  Speaker 1: clever combatant imposes his will on the enemy, but does
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  Speaker 1: not allow the enemy's will to be imposed on him.
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  Speaker 1: By holding out advantages to him, he can cause the
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  Speaker 1: enemy to approach of his own accord. Or by inflicting damage,
• 24:45
  Speaker 1: he can make it impossible for the enemy to draw near.
• 24:49
  Speaker 1: If the enemy is taking his ease, he can harass him.
• 24:53
  Speaker 1: If he is well supplied with food, he can starve
• 24:56
  Speaker 1: him out it quietly encamped, he can force him to move.
• 25:03
  Speaker 1: Appear at points which the enemy must hasten to defend,
• 25:07
  Speaker 1: march swiftly to places where you are not expected. An
• 25:12
  Speaker 1: army may march great distances without distress if it marches
• 25:16
  Speaker 1: through country where the enemy is not You can be
• 25:20
  Speaker 1: sure of succeeding in your attacks if you only attack
• 25:23
  Speaker 1: places which are undefended. You can ensure the safety of
• 25:28
  Speaker 1: your defense if you only hold positions that cannot be attacked. Hence,
• 25:32
  Speaker 1: that general is skillful in attack whose opponent does not
• 25:37
  Speaker 1: know what to defend, and he is skillful in defense
• 25:40
  Speaker 1: whose opponent does not know what to attack. O divine
• 25:45
  Speaker 1: art of subtlety and secrecy. Through you, we learn to
• 25:50
  Speaker 1: be invisible, through you inaudible, and hence we can hold
• 25:55
  Speaker 1: the enemy's fate in our hands. You may advance and
• 25:59
  Speaker 1: be absolutely irresistible. If you make for the enemy's weak points.
• 26:04
  Speaker 1: You may retire and be safe from pursuit if your
• 26:07
  Speaker 1: movements are more rapid than those of the enemy. If
• 26:12
  Speaker 1: we wish to fight, the enemy can be forced to
• 26:15
  Speaker 1: an engagement, even though he be sheltered behind a high
• 26:19
  Speaker 1: rampart and a deep ditch. All we need do is
• 26:23
  Speaker 1: attack some other place that he will be obliged to relieve.
• 26:27
  Speaker 1: If we do not wish to fight, We can prevent
• 26:30
  Speaker 1: the enemy from engaging us, even though the lines of
• 26:34
  Speaker 1: our encampment be merely traced out on the ground. All
• 26:38
  Speaker 1: we need do is to throw something odd and unaccountable
• 26:42
  Speaker 1: in his way. By discovering the enemy's dispositions and remaining
• 26:46
  Speaker 1: invisible ourselves, we can keep our forces concentrated, while the
• 26:51
  Speaker 1: enemies must be divided. We can form a single united body,
• 26:58
  Speaker 1: while the enemy must split it up into fractions. Hence,
• 27:02
  Speaker 1: there will be a hole pitted against several parts of
• 27:05
  Speaker 1: a hole, which means that we shall be many to
• 27:09
  Speaker 1: the enemy's few. And if we are able thus to
• 27:12
  Speaker 1: attack an inferior force with a superior one, our opponents
• 27:17
  Speaker 1: will be in dire straits. The spot where we intend
• 27:20
  Speaker 1: to fight must not be made known, for then the
• 27:25
  Speaker 1: enemy will have to prepare against a possible attack at
• 27:29
  Speaker 1: several different points, and his forces, being thus distributed in
• 27:33
  Speaker 1: many directions, the numbers we shall have to face at
• 27:37
  Speaker 1: any given point will be proportionately few. For should the
• 27:42
  Speaker 1: enemy strengthen his van, he will weaken his rear. Should
• 27:46
  Speaker 1: he strengthen his rear, he will weaken his van. Should
• 27:49
  Speaker 1: he strengthen his left he will weaken his right. Should
• 27:53
  Speaker 1: he strengthen his right, he will weaken his left. If
• 27:56
  Speaker 1: he sends reinforcements everywhere, he will everywhere be weak. Numerical
• 28:03
  Speaker 1: weakness comes from having to prepare against possible attacks, Numerical
• 28:08
  Speaker 1: strength from compelling our adversary to make these preparations against us.
• 28:14
  Speaker 1: Knowing the place and the time of the coming battle,
• 28:17
  Speaker 1: we may concentrate from the greatest distances in order to fight.
• 28:21
  Speaker 1: But if neither time nor place be known, then the
• 28:25
  Speaker 1: left wing will be impotent to succor the right, the
• 28:28
  Speaker 1: right equally impotent to succor the left, the van unable
• 28:32
  Speaker 1: to relieve the rear, or the rear to support the van.
• 28:36
  Speaker 1: How much more so if the furthest portions of the
• 28:40
  Speaker 1: army are anything under a hundred lee apart, and even
• 28:43
  Speaker 1: the nearest are separated by several lee. Though according to
• 28:49
  Speaker 1: my estimate, the soldiers of Huay exceed our own in number,
• 28:54
  Speaker 1: that shall advantage them nothing in the matter of victory.
• 28:57
  Speaker 1: I say, then, that victory can be achieved though the
• 29:01
  Speaker 1: enemy be stronger in numbers. We may prevent him from
• 29:05
  Speaker 1: fighting scheme so as to discover his plans, and the
• 29:09
  Speaker 1: likelihood of their success, Rouse him and learn the principle
• 29:13
  Speaker 1: of his activity or inactivity. Force him to reveal himself
• 29:18
  Speaker 1: so as to find out his vulnerable spots. Carefully compare
• 29:22
  Speaker 1: the opposing army with your own, so that you may
• 29:26
  Speaker 1: know where strength is superabundant and where it is deficient.
• 29:30
  Speaker 1: In making tactical dispositions, the highest pitch you can attain
• 29:35
  Speaker 1: is to conceal them. Conceal your dispositions, and you will
• 29:40
  Speaker 1: be safe from the prying of the subtlest spies from
• 29:44
  Speaker 1: the machinations of the wisest brains. How victory may be
• 29:49
  Speaker 1: produced for them out of the enemy's own tactics. That
• 29:54
  Speaker 1: is what the multitude cannot comprehend. All men can see
• 29:58
  Speaker 1: the tactics whereby I conquer, But what none can see
• 30:02
  Speaker 1: is the strategy out of which victory is evolved. Do
• 30:06
  Speaker 1: not repeat the tactics which have gained you one victory,
• 30:10
  Speaker 1: but let your methods be regulated by the infinite variety
• 30:13
  Speaker 1: of circumstances. Military tactics are like unto water, for water,
• 30:18
  Speaker 1: in its natural course runs away from high places and
• 30:22
  Speaker 1: hastens downwards. So in war the way is to avoid
• 30:28
  Speaker 1: what is strong, and to strike at what is weak.
• 30:31
  Speaker 1: Water shapes its course according to the nature of the
• 30:34
  Speaker 1: ground over which it flows. The soldier works out his
• 30:38
  Speaker 1: victory in relation to the foe whom he is facing. Therefore,
• 30:42
  Speaker 1: just as water retains no constant shape, so in warfare
• 30:46
  Speaker 1: there are no constant conditions. He who can modify his
• 30:51
  Speaker 1: tactics in relation to his opponent and thereby succeed in winning,
• 30:56
  Speaker 1: may be called a heaven born captain. Elements water, fire, wood, metal,
• 31:03
  Speaker 1: earth are not always equally predominant. The four seasons make
• 31:08
  Speaker 1: way for each in turn. There are short days and
• 31:12
  Speaker 1: long The moon has its periods of waning and waxing.
• 31:18
  Speaker 1: End of chapter six, Chapter seven of the Art of
• 31:27
  Speaker 1: War by Sun Zou, translated by Lionel Giles. This LibriVox
• 31:33
  Speaker 1: recording is in the public domain. Chapter seven Maneuvering, sun
• 31:40
  Speaker 1: Zou said, in war, the general receives his commands from
• 31:45
  Speaker 1: the sovereign. Having collected an army and concentrated his forces,
• 31:50
  Speaker 1: he must blend and harmonize the different elements thereof before
• 31:53
  Speaker 1: pitching his camp. After that comes tactical maneuvering, than which
• 31:58
  Speaker 1: there is nothing more difficult. The difficulty of tactical maneuvering
• 32:04
  Speaker 1: consists in turning the devious into the direct and misfortune
• 32:09
  Speaker 1: into gain. Thus, to take a long and circuitous route
• 32:14
  Speaker 1: after enticing the enemy out of the way, and though
• 32:18
  Speaker 1: starting after him, to contrive to reach the goal before him,
• 32:22
  Speaker 1: shows knowledge of the artifice of deviation. Maneuvering with an
• 32:28
  Speaker 1: army is advantageous with an undisciplined multitude most dangerous. If
• 32:34
  Speaker 1: you set a fully equipped army in march in order
• 32:37
  Speaker 1: to snatch an advantage, the chances are that you will
• 32:41
  Speaker 1: be too late. On the other hand, to detach a
• 32:45
  Speaker 1: flying column for the purpose involves the sacrifice of its
• 32:49
  Speaker 1: baggage and stores. Thus, if you order your men to
• 32:53
  Speaker 1: roll up their buff coats and make forced marches without
• 32:57
  Speaker 1: halting day or night, covering double the usual dual distance
• 33:00
  Speaker 1: at a stretch, doing one hundred lee in order to
• 33:03
  Speaker 1: arrest an advantage, the leaders of all your three divisions
• 33:07
  Speaker 1: will fall into the hands of the enemy. The stronger
• 33:12
  Speaker 1: men will be in front, the jaded ones will fall behind,
• 33:16
  Speaker 1: and on this plan only one tenth of your army
• 33:19
  Speaker 1: will reach its destination. If you march fifty lee in
• 33:23
  Speaker 1: order to out maneuver the enemy, you will lose the
• 33:26
  Speaker 1: leader of your first division, and only half your force
• 33:29
  Speaker 1: will reach the goal. If you march thirty lee with
• 33:33
  Speaker 1: the same object, two thirds of your army will arrive.
• 33:39
  Speaker 1: We will take it then that an army without its
• 33:41
  Speaker 1: baggage train is lost. Without provisions, it is lost. Without
• 33:47
  Speaker 1: basis of supply, it is lost. We cannot enter into
• 33:51
  Speaker 1: alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors.
• 33:56
  Speaker 1: We are not fit to lead an army on the
• 33:57
  Speaker 1: march unless we are familiar with the face of the country,
• 34:01
  Speaker 1: its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices, its marshes
• 34:07
  Speaker 1: and swamps. We shall be unable to turn natural advantage
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: to account unless we make use of local guides. In war,
• 34:17
  Speaker 1: practice dissimulation, and you will succeed. Whether to concentrate or
• 34:22
  Speaker 1: to divide your troops must be decided by circumstances. Let
• 34:27
  Speaker 1: your rapidity be that of the wind, your come pactness
• 34:31
  Speaker 1: that of the forest. In rating and plundering, be like fire,
• 34:37
  Speaker 1: in immovability, like a mountain. Let your plans be dark
• 34:42
  Speaker 1: and impenetrable as night, And when you move, fall like
• 34:47
  Speaker 1: a thunderbolt. When you plunder a countryside, let the spoil
• 34:52
  Speaker 1: be divided amongst your men. When you capture new territory,
• 34:56
  Speaker 1: cut it up into allotments for the benefit of the soldiering,
• 35:00
  Speaker 1: Ponder and deliberate before you make a move. He will
• 35:04
  Speaker 1: conquer who has lurket the artifice of deviation. Such is
• 35:09
  Speaker 1: the art of maneuvering. The Book of Army Management says,
• 35:14
  Speaker 1: on the field of battle, the spoken word does not
• 35:16
  Speaker 1: carry far enough, hence the institution of gongs and drums.
• 35:21
  Speaker 1: Nor can ordinary objects be seen clearly enough, hence the
• 35:25
  Speaker 1: institution of banners and flags. Gongs and drums. Banners and
• 35:31
  Speaker 1: flags are means whereby the ears and eyes of the
• 35:35
  Speaker 1: host may be focused on one particular point the host,
• 35:39
  Speaker 1: thus forming a single united body. It is impossible either
• 35:43
  Speaker 1: for the brave to advance alone or for the cowardly
• 35:47
  Speaker 1: to retreat alone. This is the art of handling large
• 35:51
  Speaker 1: masses of men. In night fighting, then make much use
• 35:55
  Speaker 1: of signal, fires and drums, and in fighting by day
• 35:59
  Speaker 1: of flags and banners as a means of influencing the
• 36:02
  Speaker 1: ears and eyes of your army. A whole army may
• 36:06
  Speaker 1: be robbed of its spirit, A commander in chief may
• 36:09
  Speaker 1: be robbed of his presence of mind, now. A soldier's
• 36:13
  Speaker 1: spirit is keenest in the morning, by noonday it has
• 36:17
  Speaker 1: begun to flag, and in the evening his mind is
• 36:20
  Speaker 1: bent only on returning to camp. A clever general therefore
• 36:25
  Speaker 1: avoids an army when its spirit is keen, but attacks
• 36:29
  Speaker 1: it when it is sluggish and inclined to return. This
• 36:33
  Speaker 1: is the art of studying moods disciplined and calm, to
• 36:38
  Speaker 1: await the appearance of disorder in hubbub amongst the enemy.
• 36:42
  Speaker 1: This is the art of retaining self possession. To be
• 36:47
  Speaker 1: near the goal while the enemy is still far from it.
• 36:51
  Speaker 1: To wait at ease while the enemy is toiling and struggling.
• 36:55
  Speaker 1: To be well fed while the enemy is famished. This
• 36:59
  Speaker 1: is the art of high husbanding one's strength. To refrain
• 37:03
  Speaker 1: from intercepting an enemy whose banners are in perfect order,
• 37:07
  Speaker 1: to refrain from attacking an army drawn up in calm
• 37:10
  Speaker 1: and confident array. This is the art of studying circumstances.
• 37:16
  Speaker 1: It is a military axiom not to advance uphill against
• 37:20
  Speaker 1: the enemy, nor to oppose him when he comes downhill.
• 37:25
  Speaker 1: Do not pursue an enemy who simulates flight. Do not
• 37:28
  Speaker 1: attack soldiers whose temper is keen. Do not swallow bait
• 37:33
  Speaker 1: offered by the enemy. Do not interfere with an army
• 37:37
  Speaker 1: that is returning home. When you surround an army, leave
• 37:41
  Speaker 1: an outlet free. Do not press a desperate foe too hard.
• 37:47
  Speaker 1: Such is the art of warfare. End of chapter seven,
• 37:58
  Speaker 1: Chapter eight of the Art of War by Sun Su,
• 38:01
  Speaker 1: translated by Lionel Giles. This LibriVox recording is in the
• 38:06
  Speaker 1: public domain. Chapter eight variation in Tactics, Sun Su said,
• 38:14
  Speaker 1: in war, the general receives his commands from the sovereign,
• 38:18
  Speaker 1: collects his army, and concentrates his forces. When in difficult country,
• 38:23
  Speaker 1: do not encamp in country where high roads intersect. Join
• 38:28
  Speaker 1: hands with your allies. Do not linger in dangerously isolated
• 38:33
  Speaker 1: positions in himmed in situations you must resort to stratagem.
• 38:38
  Speaker 1: In desperate position you must fight. There are roads which
• 38:43
  Speaker 1: must not be followed, armies which must be not attacked,
• 38:48
  Speaker 1: towns which must not be besieged, positions which must not
• 38:52
  Speaker 1: be contested, commands of the sovereign which must not be obeyed.
• 38:58
  Speaker 1: The general who really understands the advantages that accompany variation
• 39:03
  Speaker 1: of tactics knows how to handle his troops. The general
• 39:08
  Speaker 1: who does not understand these, may be well acquainted with
• 39:11
  Speaker 1: the configuration of the country, yet he will not be
• 39:14
  Speaker 1: able to turn his knowledge to practical account. So the
• 39:19
  Speaker 1: student of war, who is unversed in the art of war,
• 39:23
  Speaker 1: of varying his plans, even though he be acquainted with
• 39:27
  Speaker 1: the five advantages, will fail to make the best use
• 39:31
  Speaker 1: of his men. Hence, the wise leader's plans considerations of
• 39:36
  Speaker 1: advantage and of disadvantage will be blended together. If our
• 39:40
  Speaker 1: expectation of advantage be tempered in this way, we may
• 39:44
  Speaker 1: succeed in accomplishing the essential part of our schemes. If,
• 39:49
  Speaker 1: on the other hand, in the midst of difficulties, we
• 39:52
  Speaker 1: are always ready to seize an advantage, we may extricate
• 39:57
  Speaker 1: ourselves from misfortune, reduce the hostile chiefs by inflicting damage
• 40:03
  Speaker 1: on them, and make trouble for them, and keep them
• 40:06
  Speaker 1: constantly engaged, hold out specious allurements, and make them rush
• 40:12
  Speaker 1: to any given point. The art of war teaches us
• 40:16
  Speaker 1: to rely not on the likelihood of the enemies not coming,
• 40:20
  Speaker 1: but on our own readiness to receive him. Not on
• 40:24
  Speaker 1: the chance of his not attacking, but rather on the
• 40:27
  Speaker 1: fact that we have made our position unassailable. There are
• 40:32
  Speaker 1: five dangerous faults which may affect a general. One recklessness,
• 40:37
  Speaker 1: which leads to destruction. Two cowardice, which leads to capture.
• 40:43
  Speaker 1: Three a hasty temper which can be provoked by insults.
• 40:47
  Speaker 1: Four a delicacy of honor which is sensitive to shame.
• 40:51
  Speaker 1: Five over solicitude for his men, which exposes him to
• 40:56
  Speaker 1: worry and trouble. These are the five besetting sins of
• 41:02
  Speaker 1: a general ruinous to the conduct of war. When an
• 41:06
  Speaker 1: army is overthrown and its leader slain, the cause will
• 41:10
  Speaker 1: surely be found among these five dangerous faults. Let them
• 41:15
  Speaker 1: be the subject of meditation. End of chapter eight Chapter
• 41:26
  Speaker 1: nine of The Art of War by Sun Siou, translated
• 41:30
  Speaker 1: by Lionel Giles. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain.
• 41:36
  Speaker 1: Chapter nine The Army on the March, Sun Sou said,
• 41:42
  Speaker 1: we come now to the question of encamping the army
• 41:45
  Speaker 1: and observing signs of the enemy. Pass quickly over mountains,
• 41:49
  Speaker 1: and keep in the neighborhood of valleys. Camp in high
• 41:53
  Speaker 1: places facing the sun. Do not climb heights in order
• 41:57
  Speaker 1: to fight so much from mountain warfare. After crossing a river,
• 42:02
  Speaker 1: you should get far away from it. When an invading
• 42:06
  Speaker 1: force crosses a river in its onward march, do not
• 42:10
  Speaker 1: advance to meet it in midstream. It will be best
• 42:13
  Speaker 1: to let half the army get across and then deliver
• 42:16
  Speaker 1: your attack. If you are anxious to fight, you should
• 42:20
  Speaker 1: not go to meet the invader near a river which
• 42:23
  Speaker 1: he has to cross. More your craft higher up than
• 42:27
  Speaker 1: the enemy, and facing the sun, do not move upstream
• 42:31
  Speaker 1: to meet the enemy. So much for river warfare. In
• 42:36
  Speaker 1: crossing salt marshes, your sole concern should be to get
• 42:39
  Speaker 1: over them quickly without any delay. If forced to fight
• 42:44
  Speaker 1: in a salt marsh, you should have water and grass
• 42:46
  Speaker 1: near you, and get your back to a clump of trees.
• 42:51
  Speaker 1: So much for operations in salt marshes. In dry level country,
• 42:57
  Speaker 1: take up an easily accessible position with rocky ground to
• 43:00
  Speaker 1: your right and on your rear, so that the danger
• 43:03
  Speaker 1: may be in front and safely lie behind. So much
• 43:08
  Speaker 1: for campaigning in flat country. There are four useful branches
• 43:12
  Speaker 1: of military knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor to vanquish
• 43:17
  Speaker 1: four several sovereigns. All armies prefer high ground to low,
• 43:22
  Speaker 1: and sunny places to dark. If you are careful of
• 43:25
  Speaker 1: your men and camp on hard ground, the army will
• 43:28
  Speaker 1: be free from disease of every kind, and this will
• 43:31
  Speaker 1: spell victory. When you come to a hill or a bank,
• 43:35
  Speaker 1: occupy the sunny side with a slope on your right rear.
• 43:40
  Speaker 1: Thus you will at once act for the benefit of
• 43:42
  Speaker 1: your soldiers and utilize the natural advantages of the ground. When,
• 43:48
  Speaker 1: in consequence of heavy rains up country, a river which
• 43:52
  Speaker 1: you wish to ford is swollen and flecked with foam,
• 43:55
  Speaker 1: you must wait until it subsides. Country in which there
• 43:59
  Speaker 1: are or precipitous cliffs with torrents running between deep natural hollows.
• 44:05
  Speaker 1: Confined places, tangled thickets, quagmires, and crevasses should be left
• 44:11
  Speaker 1: with all possible speed and not approached. While we keep
• 44:17
  Speaker 1: away from such places, we should get the enemy to
• 44:20
  Speaker 1: approach them. While we face them, we should let the
• 44:23
  Speaker 1: enemy have them on his rear. If in the neighborhood
• 44:28
  Speaker 1: of your camp there should be any hilly country, ponds
• 44:31
  Speaker 1: surrounded by aquatic grass, hollow basins filled with reeds, or
• 44:35
  Speaker 1: woods with thick undergrowth, they must be carefully routed out
• 44:40
  Speaker 1: and searched. For these are places where men in ambush
• 44:43
  Speaker 1: and insidious spies are likely to be lurking. When the
• 44:47
  Speaker 1: enemy is close at hand and remains quiet, he is
• 44:51
  Speaker 1: relying on the natural strengths of his position. When he
• 44:55
  Speaker 1: keeps aloof and tries to provoke a battle, he is
• 44:58
  Speaker 1: anxious for the other side to advance. If his place
• 45:02
  Speaker 1: of encampment is easy of access, he is tendering a bait.
• 45:07
  Speaker 1: Movement amongst the trees of a forest shows that the
• 45:10
  Speaker 1: enemy is advancing. The appearance of a number of screens
• 45:14
  Speaker 1: in the midst of thick grass means that the enemy
• 45:17
  Speaker 1: wants to make us suspicious. The rising of birds in
• 45:21
  Speaker 1: their flight is the sign of an ambuscade. Startled beasts
• 45:26
  Speaker 1: indicate that a sudden attack is coming. When there is
• 45:30
  Speaker 1: dust rising in a high column, it is the sign
• 45:33
  Speaker 1: of chariots advancing. When the dust is low but spread
• 45:37
  Speaker 1: over a wide area, it betokens the approach of infantry.
• 45:41
  Speaker 1: When it branches out in different directions, it shows that
• 45:45
  Speaker 1: parties have been sent to collect firewood. A few clouds
• 45:48
  Speaker 1: of dust moving to and fro signify that the army
• 45:52
  Speaker 1: is encamping. Humble words and increased preparations are signs that
• 45:58
  Speaker 1: the enemy is about to advance. Violent language in driving
• 46:02
  Speaker 1: forward as if to attack. Are signs that he will retreat.
• 46:07
  Speaker 1: When the light chariots come out first and take up
• 46:09
  Speaker 1: position on the wings, it is a sign that the
• 46:12
  Speaker 1: enemy is forming for battle. Beasts proposals unaccompanied by a
• 46:17
  Speaker 1: sworn covenant indicate a plot. When there is much running
• 46:22
  Speaker 1: about and the soldiers fall into rank, it means that
• 46:25
  Speaker 1: the critical moment has come. When some are seen advancing
• 46:29
  Speaker 1: and some retreating, it is a lure. When the soldiers
• 46:34
  Speaker 1: stand leaning on their spears, they are faint from want
• 46:38
  Speaker 1: of food. If those who are sent to draw water
• 46:41
  Speaker 1: began by drinking themselves, the army is suffering from thirst.
• 46:45
  Speaker 1: If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained, it
• 46:48
  Speaker 1: makes no effort to secure it. The soldiers are exhausted.
• 46:53
  Speaker 1: If birds gather on any spot it is unoccupied, clamor
• 46:57
  Speaker 1: by night betokens nervousness. If there is disturbance in the camp,
• 47:03
  Speaker 1: the general's authority is weak. If the banners and flags
• 47:07
  Speaker 1: are shifted about, sedition is afoot. If the officers are angry,
• 47:13
  Speaker 1: it means that the men are weary. When an army
• 47:16
  Speaker 1: feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food,
• 47:20
  Speaker 1: and when the men do not hang their cooking pots
• 47:23
  Speaker 1: over the camp fires, showing that they will not return
• 47:25
  Speaker 1: to their tents, you may know that they are determined
• 47:29
  Speaker 1: to fight to the death. The sight of men whispering
• 47:34
  Speaker 1: together in small knots are speaking in subued tones points
• 47:38
  Speaker 1: to disaffection amongst the ranked file. Two frequent rewards signify
• 47:44
  Speaker 1: that the enemy is at the end of his resources.
• 47:47
  Speaker 1: Too many punishments betray a condition of dire distress. To
• 47:52
  Speaker 1: begin by bluster, but after which to take fight at
• 47:55
  Speaker 1: the enemy's numbers shows a supreme lack of intelligence. When
• 48:01
  Speaker 1: envoys are sent with compliments in their mouths, it is
• 48:04
  Speaker 1: a sign that the enemy wishes for a truce. If
• 48:08
  Speaker 1: the enemy's troops march up angrily and remain facing ours
• 48:12
  Speaker 1: for a long time without either joining battle or taking
• 48:16
  Speaker 1: themselves off again, the situation is one that demands great
• 48:20
  Speaker 1: vigilance and circumspection. If our troops are no more in
• 48:24
  Speaker 1: number than the enemy that is amply sufficient, it only
• 48:29
  Speaker 1: means that no direct attack can be made. What we
• 48:32
  Speaker 1: can do is simply to concentrate all our available strength,
• 48:36
  Speaker 1: keep a close watch on the enemy, and obtain reinforcements.
• 48:41
  Speaker 1: He who exercises no forethought, but makes light of his opponents,
• 48:46
  Speaker 1: is sure to be captured by them. If soldiers are
• 48:50
  Speaker 1: punished before they have grown attached to you, they will
• 48:53
  Speaker 1: not prove submissive, and in less submissive then will be
• 48:57
  Speaker 1: practically useless. If when sold have become attached to you,
• 49:02
  Speaker 1: punishments are not enforced, they will still be useless. Therefore,
• 49:08
  Speaker 1: soldiers must be treated in the first instance with humanity,
• 49:12
  Speaker 1: but kept under control by means of ourn discipline. This
• 49:16
  Speaker 1: is a certain road to victory. If in training soldiers
• 49:21
  Speaker 1: commands are habitually enforced, the army will be well disciplined.
• 49:26
  Speaker 1: If not, its discipline will be bad. If a general
• 49:30
  Speaker 1: shows confidence in his men but always insists on his
• 49:33
  Speaker 1: art as being obeyed, the gain will be mutual. End
• 49:39
  Speaker 1: of chapter nine, Chapter ten of the Art of War
• 49:48
  Speaker 1: by Sunsu, translated by Lionel Giles. This LibriVox recording is
• 49:54
  Speaker 1: in the public domain. Chapter ten Terrain. H Zoue said,
• 50:01
  Speaker 1: we may distinguish six kinds of terrain to wit. One
• 50:06
  Speaker 1: accessible ground, two entangling ground, three temporizing ground, four narrow passes,
• 50:14
  Speaker 1: five precipitous heights, six positions at a great distance from
• 50:19
  Speaker 1: the enemy ground which can be freely traversed by both
• 50:24
  Speaker 1: sides is called accessible. With regard to ground of this nature,
• 50:29
  Speaker 1: be before the enemy inoccupying the raised and sunny spots,
• 50:33
  Speaker 1: and carefully guard your lines of supplies. Then you will
• 50:38
  Speaker 1: be able to fight with advantage. Ground which can be
• 50:41
  Speaker 1: abandoned but is hard to reoccupy is called entangling. From
• 50:46
  Speaker 1: a position of this sort, if the enemy is unprepared,
• 50:49
  Speaker 1: you may sally forth and defeat him. But if the
• 50:53
  Speaker 1: enemy is prepared for your coming and you fail to
• 50:56
  Speaker 1: defeat him, then return being impossible. Disaster will ensue. When
• 51:02
  Speaker 1: the position is such that neither side will gain by
• 51:05
  Speaker 1: making the first move, it is called temporizing ground. In
• 51:09
  Speaker 1: a position of this sort, even though the enemy should
• 51:12
  Speaker 1: offer us an attractive bait, it will be advisable not
• 51:17
  Speaker 1: to stir forth, but rather to retreat, thus enticing the
• 51:21
  Speaker 1: enemy in his turn. Then when part of his army
• 51:24
  Speaker 1: is come out, we may deliver our attack with advantage.
• 51:29
  Speaker 1: With regard to narrow passes, if you can occupy them first,
• 51:33
  Speaker 1: let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of
• 51:36
  Speaker 1: the enemy. Should the army forestall you in occupying a pass,
• 51:41
  Speaker 1: do not go after him. If the pass is fully garrisoned,
• 51:45
  Speaker 1: but only if it is weakly garrisoned with regard to
• 51:48
  Speaker 1: precipitous heights. If you are beforehand with your adversary, you
• 51:53
  Speaker 1: should occupy the raised and sunny spots, and there wait
• 51:57
  Speaker 1: for him to come up. If if the enemy has
• 52:00
  Speaker 1: occupied them before you do not follow him, but retreat
• 52:05
  Speaker 1: and try to entice him away. If you are situated
• 52:08
  Speaker 1: at a great distance from the enemy, and the strength
• 52:11
  Speaker 1: of the two armies is equal, it is not easy
• 52:14
  Speaker 1: to provoke a battle, and fighting will be to your disadvantage.
• 52:19
  Speaker 1: These six are the principles connected with Earth. The general
• 52:24
  Speaker 1: who has attained a responsible post must be careful to
• 52:27
  Speaker 1: study them. Now an army is exposed to six several calamities,
• 52:33
  Speaker 1: not arising from natural causes, but from faults for which
• 52:36
  Speaker 1: the general is responsible. These are one flight, two in subordination,
• 52:43
  Speaker 1: three collapse, four ruin, five disorganization, six route, other conditions
• 52:53
  Speaker 1: being equal. If one force is hurled against another ten
• 52:57
  Speaker 1: times its size, the results will be the flight of
• 53:00
  Speaker 1: the former. When the common soldiers are too strong, in
• 53:04
  Speaker 1: their officers too weak, the result is in subordination. When
• 53:09
  Speaker 1: the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak,
• 53:12
  Speaker 1: the result is collapse. When the higher officers are angry
• 53:17
  Speaker 1: and insubordinate, and on meeting the enemy, give battle on
• 53:21
  Speaker 1: their own account from a feeling of resentment, before the
• 53:24
  Speaker 1: commander in chief can tell whether or not he is
• 53:27
  Speaker 1: in a position to fight. The result is ruin when
• 53:31
  Speaker 1: the general is weak and without authority, when his orders
• 53:35
  Speaker 1: are not clear and distinct. When there are no fixed
• 53:38
  Speaker 1: duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks are
• 53:41
  Speaker 1: formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is utter disorganization.
• 53:49
  Speaker 1: When a general, unable to estimate the enemy strength, allows
• 53:53
  Speaker 1: an inferior force to engage a larger one, or hurls
• 53:56
  Speaker 1: a weak detachment against a powerful one and neglects to
• 54:00
  Speaker 1: place picked soldiers in the front rank, the result must
• 54:04
  Speaker 1: be route. There are six ways of courting defeat, which
• 54:08
  Speaker 1: must be carefully noted by the general who has attained
• 54:11
  Speaker 1: a responsible post. The natural formation of the country is
• 54:15
  Speaker 1: the soldier's best ally, but a power of estimating the adversary,
• 54:20
  Speaker 1: of controlling the force of victory, and of shrewdly calculating difficulties,
• 54:25
  Speaker 1: dangers and distances constitutes the test of a great general.
• 54:31
  Speaker 1: He who knows these things, and in fighting puts his
• 54:34
  Speaker 1: knowledge into practice, will win his battles. He who knows
• 54:38
  Speaker 1: them not nor practices them, will surely be defeated. If
• 54:44
  Speaker 1: fighting is sure to result in victory, then you must fight,
• 54:47
  Speaker 1: even though the ruler forbid it. If fighting will not
• 54:51
  Speaker 1: result in victory, then you must not fight, even at
• 54:54
  Speaker 1: the ruler's bidding. The general who advances without coveting fame
• 54:59
  Speaker 1: and retreat without fearing disgrace, whose only thought is to
• 55:03
  Speaker 1: protect his country and do good service for his sovereign,
• 55:07
  Speaker 1: is the jewel of the kingdom. Regard your soldiers as
• 55:12
  Speaker 1: your children, and they will follow you into the deepest valleys.
• 55:16
  Speaker 1: Look upon them as your own beloved sons, and they
• 55:20
  Speaker 1: will stand by you, even unto death. If, however, you
• 55:25
  Speaker 1: are indulgent but unable to make your authority felt, kind hearted,
• 55:29
  Speaker 1: but unable to enforce your commands, and incapable moreover of
• 55:34
  Speaker 1: quelling disorder, then your soldiers must be likened to spoilt children.
• 55:40
  Speaker 1: They are useless for any practical purpose. If we know
• 55:44
  Speaker 1: that our own men are in a condition to attack,
• 55:47
  Speaker 1: but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack,
• 55:50
  Speaker 1: we have gone only half way towards victory. If we
• 55:54
  Speaker 1: know that the enemy is open to attack, but are
• 55:57
  Speaker 1: unaware that our own men are not in condition to
• 55:59
  Speaker 1: ASTI attack, we have gone only half way towards victory.
• 56:05
  Speaker 1: If we know that the enemy is open to attack,
• 56:08
  Speaker 1: and also know that our men are in a condition
• 56:11
  Speaker 1: to attack, but are unaware that the nature of the
• 56:14
  Speaker 1: ground makes fighting impracticable, we have still gone only half
• 56:19
  Speaker 1: way towards victory. Hence, the experienced soldier, once in motion,
• 56:25
  Speaker 1: is never bewildered. Once he has broken camp, he is
• 56:29
  Speaker 1: never at a loss. Hence the saying, if you know
• 56:33
  Speaker 1: the enemy and know yourself, your victory will not stand
• 56:37
  Speaker 1: in doubt. If you know heaven and no earth, you
• 56:41
  Speaker 1: may make your victory complete. End of chapter ten, Chapter
• 56:52
  Speaker 1: eleven of the Art of War by Sun Su, translated
• 56:57
  Speaker 1: by Lionel Giles. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain.
• 57:03
  Speaker 1: Chapter eleven the nine situations. Sansou said the Art of
• 57:10
  Speaker 1: WIR recognizes nine varieties of ground. Dispersive ground, facile ground,
• 57:17
  Speaker 1: contentious ground, open ground ground of intersecting highways, serious ground,
• 57:25
  Speaker 1: difficult ground, hemmed in ground, desperate ground. When a chieftain
• 57:32
  Speaker 1: is fighting in its own territory, it is dispersive ground.
• 57:37
  Speaker 1: When he has penetrated into hostile territory but to no
• 57:40
  Speaker 1: great distance, it is facile ground. Ground, the possession of
• 57:45
  Speaker 1: which imports great advantage to either side. Is contentious ground.
• 57:50
  Speaker 1: Ground on which each side has liberty of movement. Is
• 57:54
  Speaker 1: open ground. Ground which forms the key to three contiguous states,
• 57:59
  Speaker 1: so that he who occupies at first has most of
• 58:03
  Speaker 1: the empire at his command. Is a ground of intersecting highways.
• 58:08
  Speaker 1: When an army has penetrated into the heart of a
• 58:11
  Speaker 1: hostile country, leaving a number of fortified cities in its rear,
• 58:15
  Speaker 1: it is serious ground. Mountain forests, rugged steeps, marshes, and fins,
• 58:22
  Speaker 1: all country that is hard to traverse. This is difficult ground,
• 58:30
  Speaker 1: ground which is reached through narrow gorges, and from which
• 58:33
  Speaker 1: we can only retire by tortuous paths, so that a
• 58:37
  Speaker 1: small number of the enemy would suffice to crush a
• 58:40
  Speaker 1: large body of our men. This is hemmed in ground.
• 58:45
  Speaker 1: Ground on which we can only be saved from destruction
• 58:48
  Speaker 1: by fighting without delay. Is desperate ground. On dispersive ground. Therefore,
• 58:56
  Speaker 1: fight not on fascile ground, halt not on contentious ground.
• 59:02
  Speaker 1: Attack not on open ground. Do not try to block
• 59:06
  Speaker 1: the enemy's way on the ground of intersecting highways. Join
• 59:10
  Speaker 1: hands with your allies on serious ground, gather in plunder
• 59:16
  Speaker 1: in difficult ground, keep steadily on the march on hemmed
• 59:20
  Speaker 1: in ground. Resort to stratagem on desperate ground. Fight. Those
• 59:29
  Speaker 1: who were called skillful leaders of old knew how to
• 59:33
  Speaker 1: drive a wedge between the enemy's front and rear to
• 59:37
  Speaker 1: prevent co operation between his large and small divisions, to
• 59:41
  Speaker 1: hinder the good troops from rescuing the band, the officers
• 59:44
  Speaker 1: from rallying their men. When the enemy's men were united,
• 59:50
  Speaker 1: they managed to keep them in disorder. When it was
• 59:54
  Speaker 1: to their advantage, they made a forward move when otherwise
• 59:57
  Speaker 1: they stopped still. If asked how to cope with a
• 1:00:01
  Speaker 1: great host of the enemy in orderly array and on
• 1:00:04
  Speaker 1: the point of marching to the attack, I should say again,
• 1:00:08
  Speaker 1: by seizing something which your opponent holds dear, then he
• 1:00:13
  Speaker 1: will be amenable to your will. Rapidity is the essence
• 1:00:17
  Speaker 1: of war. Take advantage of the enemy's unreadiness, make your
• 1:00:22
  Speaker 1: way by unexpected routes, and attack unguarded spots. The following
• 1:00:27
  Speaker 1: are the principles to be observed by an invading force.
• 1:00:32
  Speaker 1: The further you penetrate into a country, the greater will
• 1:00:35
  Speaker 1: be the solidarity of your troops, and thus the defenders
• 1:00:40
  Speaker 1: will not prevail against you. Make forays in fertile country
• 1:00:45
  Speaker 1: in order to supply your army with food. Carefully study
• 1:00:50
  Speaker 1: the well being of your men, and do not overtax them.
• 1:00:54
  Speaker 1: Concentrate your energy and hoard your strength. Keep your army
• 1:00:59
  Speaker 1: continually on the move, and devise unfathomable plans. Throw your
• 1:01:04
  Speaker 1: soldiers into positions whence there is no escape, and they
• 1:01:09
  Speaker 1: will prefer death to flight. If they will face death,
• 1:01:13
  Speaker 1: there is nothing they may not achieve. Officers and men
• 1:01:16
  Speaker 1: alike will put forth their uttermost strength. Soldiers, when in
• 1:01:21
  Speaker 1: desperate straits, lose the sense of fear. If there is
• 1:01:25
  Speaker 1: no place of refuge, they will stand firm. If they
• 1:01:29
  Speaker 1: are in hostile country, they will show a stubborn front.
• 1:01:32
  Speaker 1: If there is no help for it, they will fight hard. Thus,
• 1:01:37
  Speaker 1: without waiting to be marshaled, the soldiers will be constantly
• 1:01:41
  Speaker 1: on the quivive, without waiting to be asked, and they
• 1:01:44
  Speaker 1: will do your will without restrictions. They will be faithful
• 1:01:48
  Speaker 1: without giving orders. They can be trusted, prohibit the taking
• 1:01:53
  Speaker 1: of omens, and do away with superstitious doubts. Then, until
• 1:01:57
  Speaker 1: death itself comes, no calamor tea need be feared. If
• 1:02:02
  Speaker 1: our soldiers are not over burdened with money, it is
• 1:02:05
  Speaker 1: not because they have a distaste for riches. If their
• 1:02:08
  Speaker 1: lives are not unduly long, it is not because they
• 1:02:11
  Speaker 1: are disinclined to longevity. On the day they are ordered
• 1:02:16
  Speaker 1: out to battle, your soldiers may weep those sitting up
• 1:02:20
  Speaker 1: bedewing their garments, and those lying down, letting the tears
• 1:02:24
  Speaker 1: run down their cheeks. But let them once be brought
• 1:02:28
  Speaker 1: to bay, and they will display the courage of a
• 1:02:31
  Speaker 1: chew or kway. The skillful tactician may be likened to
• 1:02:36
  Speaker 1: a shuejan. Now, the shchuejan is a snake that is
• 1:02:39
  Speaker 1: found in the Chung mountains. Strike at its head and
• 1:02:43
  Speaker 1: you will be attacked by its tail. Strike at its tail,
• 1:02:47
  Speaker 1: and you will be attacked by its head. Strike at
• 1:02:50
  Speaker 1: its middle, and you will be attacked by head and tail. Both.
• 1:02:54
  Speaker 1: Asked if an army can be made to imitate the
• 1:02:57
  Speaker 1: shiue jan, I should answer yes, For the men of
• 1:03:00
  Speaker 1: Wu and the men of Hue are enemies. Yet if
• 1:03:04
  Speaker 1: they are crossing a river in the same boat and
• 1:03:06
  Speaker 1: are caught by a storm, they will come to each
• 1:03:10
  Speaker 1: other's assistance, just as the left hand helps the right. Hence,
• 1:03:16
  Speaker 1: it is not enough to put one's trust in the
• 1:03:18
  Speaker 1: tethering of horses and the burying of chariot wheels in
• 1:03:21
  Speaker 1: the ground. The principle on which to manage an army
• 1:03:25
  Speaker 1: is to set up one standard of courage which all
• 1:03:28
  Speaker 1: must reach. How to make the best of both strong
• 1:03:32
  Speaker 1: and weak, that is a question involving the proper use
• 1:03:36
  Speaker 1: of ground. Thus, the skillful general conducts his army just
• 1:03:41
  Speaker 1: as though he were leading a single man willingly by
• 1:03:44
  Speaker 1: the hand. It is the business of a general to
• 1:03:47
  Speaker 1: be quiet and thus insure secrecy, upright and just, and
• 1:03:52
  Speaker 1: thus maintain order. He must be able to mystify his
• 1:03:57
  Speaker 1: officers and men by false reports and nat appearances, and
• 1:04:01
  Speaker 1: thus keep them in total ignorance. By altering his arrangements
• 1:04:06
  Speaker 1: and changing his plans, he keeps the enemy without definite knowledge.
• 1:04:11
  Speaker 1: By shifting his camp and taking circuitous routes, he prevents
• 1:04:15
  Speaker 1: the enemy from anticipating his purpose at the critical moment.
• 1:04:20
  Speaker 1: The leader of an army acts like one who is
• 1:04:23
  Speaker 1: climbed up a height and then kicks away the ladder
• 1:04:26
  Speaker 1: behind him. He carries his men deep into hostile territory.
• 1:04:31
  Speaker 1: Before he shows his hand. He burns his boats and
• 1:04:35
  Speaker 1: breaks his cooking pots. Like a shepherd driving a flock
• 1:04:38
  Speaker 1: of sheep. He drives his men this way and that,
• 1:04:42
  Speaker 1: and nothing knows whither he is going to muster his
• 1:04:46
  Speaker 1: host and bring it into danger. This may be termed
• 1:04:50
  Speaker 1: the business of the general in different measures suited to
• 1:04:54
  Speaker 1: the nine varieties of ground, the expediency of aggressive or
• 1:04:59
  Speaker 1: defensive tactics, and the fundamental laws of human nature. These
• 1:05:03
  Speaker 1: are things that must most certainly be studied when invading
• 1:05:07
  Speaker 1: hostile territory. The general principle is that penetrating deeply brings cohesion.
• 1:05:14
  Speaker 1: Penetrating but a short way means dispersion. When you leave
• 1:05:19
  Speaker 1: your own country behind and take your army across neighborhood territory,
• 1:05:24
  Speaker 1: you find yourself on critical ground. When there are means
• 1:05:28
  Speaker 1: of communication on all four sides, the ground is one
• 1:05:32
  Speaker 1: of intersecting highways. When you penetrate deeply into a country,
• 1:05:36
  Speaker 1: it is serious ground. When you penetrate but a little way,
• 1:05:41
  Speaker 1: it is facile ground when you have the enemy's strongholds
• 1:05:47
  Speaker 1: on your rear and narrow passes in front. It is
• 1:05:50
  Speaker 1: hemmed in ground. When there is no place of refuge
• 1:05:54
  Speaker 1: at all, it is desperate ground. Therefore, on dispersive ground,
• 1:05:59
  Speaker 1: I would inspire my men with unity of purpose. On
• 1:06:03
  Speaker 1: fascile ground, I would see that there is close connection
• 1:06:06
  Speaker 1: between all parts of my army. On contentious ground, I
• 1:06:10
  Speaker 1: would hurry up my rear. On open ground, I would
• 1:06:13
  Speaker 1: keep a vigilant eye on my defenses. On ground of
• 1:06:16
  Speaker 1: intersecting highways, I would consolidate my alliances. On serious ground,
• 1:06:23
  Speaker 1: I would try to ensure a continuous stream of supplies.
• 1:06:27
  Speaker 1: On difficult ground, I would keep pushing on along the road.
• 1:06:31
  Speaker 1: On himned in ground, I would block any way of retreat.
• 1:06:35
  Speaker 1: On desperate ground, I would proclaim to my soldiers the
• 1:06:38
  Speaker 1: hopelessness of saving their lives, For it is the soldier's
• 1:06:43
  Speaker 1: disposition to offer an obstinate resistance when surrounded, to fight
• 1:06:49
  Speaker 1: hard when he cannot help himself, and to obey promptly
• 1:06:52
  Speaker 1: when he has fallen into danger. We cannot enter into
• 1:06:56
  Speaker 1: alliance with neighboring princes until we are a with their designs.
• 1:07:01
  Speaker 1: We are not fit to lead an army on the march.
• 1:07:04
  Speaker 1: Unless we are familiar with the face of the country,
• 1:07:07
  Speaker 1: its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices, its marshes
• 1:07:13
  Speaker 1: and swamps, we shall be unable to turn natural advantages
• 1:07:17
  Speaker 1: to account unless we make use of local guides. To
• 1:07:23
  Speaker 1: be ignorant of any one of the following four or
• 1:07:25
  Speaker 1: five principles does not befit a warlike prince. When a
• 1:07:30
  Speaker 1: warlike prince attacks a powerful state, his generalship shows itself
• 1:07:35
  Speaker 1: in preventing the concentration of the enemy's forces. He overawes
• 1:07:40
  Speaker 1: his opponents, and their allies are prevented from joining against him. Hence,
• 1:07:45
  Speaker 1: he does not strive to ally himself with all in sundry,
• 1:07:48
  Speaker 1: nor does he foster the power of other states. He
• 1:07:53
  Speaker 1: carries out his own secret designs, keeping his antagonists in awe.
• 1:07:58
  Speaker 1: Thus he is able to after their cities and overthrow
• 1:08:01
  Speaker 1: their kingdoms. Bestow rewards without regard to rule, issue orders
• 1:08:08
  Speaker 1: without regard to previous arrangements, and you will be able
• 1:08:12
  Speaker 1: to handle a whole army as though you had to
• 1:08:15
  Speaker 1: do with but a single man. Confront your soldiers with
• 1:08:18
  Speaker 1: the deed itself. Never let them know your design. When
• 1:08:23
  Speaker 1: the outlook is right, bring it before their eyes, but
• 1:08:25
  Speaker 1: tell them nothing. When the situation is gloomy, place your
• 1:08:30
  Speaker 1: army in deadly peril and it will survive. Plunge it
• 1:08:35
  Speaker 1: into desperate straits, and it will come off in safety.
• 1:08:38
  Speaker 1: For it is precisely when a force has fallen into
• 1:08:41
  Speaker 1: harm's way that it is capable of striking a blow
• 1:08:45
  Speaker 1: for victory. Success in warfare is gained by carefully accommodating
• 1:08:50
  Speaker 1: ourselves to the enemy's purpose. By persistently hanging on the
• 1:08:54
  Speaker 1: enemy's flank, we shall succeed in the long run in
• 1:08:58
  Speaker 1: killing the commander in chief. This is called ability to
• 1:09:02
  Speaker 1: accomplish a thing by sheer cunning. On the day that
• 1:09:06
  Speaker 1: you take up your command, block the frontier passes, destroy
• 1:09:11
  Speaker 1: the official tallies, and stop the passage of all emissaries.
• 1:09:15
  Speaker 1: Be stern in the council chamber, so that you may
• 1:09:18
  Speaker 1: control the situation. If the enemy leaves a door open,
• 1:09:22
  Speaker 1: you must rush in. Forestall your opponent by seizing what
• 1:09:27
  Speaker 1: he holds dear and subtly contrive to time his arrival
• 1:09:31
  Speaker 1: on the ground. Walk in the path to find by rule,
• 1:09:35
  Speaker 1: and accommodate yourself to the enemy until you can fight
• 1:09:38
  Speaker 1: a decisive battle at first, then exhibit the coyness of
• 1:09:43
  Speaker 1: a maiden until the enemy gives you an opening. Afterwards,
• 1:09:48
  Speaker 1: emulate the rapidity of a running hare, and it will
• 1:09:51
  Speaker 1: be too late for the enemy to oppose you. End
• 1:09:56
  Speaker 1: of chapter eleven. Chapter twelve of the Art of War
• 1:10:04
  Speaker 1: by Sun Su, translated by Lionel Giles. This LibriVox recording
• 1:10:11
  Speaker 1: is in the public domain. Chapter twelve, the Attack by Fire.
• 1:10:18
  Speaker 1: Sun Sou said there are five ways of attacking with fire.
• 1:10:23
  Speaker 1: The first is to burn soldiers in their camp. The
• 1:10:26
  Speaker 1: second is to burn stores. The third is to burn
• 1:10:30
  Speaker 1: baggage trains. The fourth is to burn arsenals and magazines.
• 1:10:36
  Speaker 1: The fifth is to hurl dropping fire amongst the enemy.
• 1:10:40
  Speaker 1: In order to carry out an attack, we must have
• 1:10:43
  Speaker 1: means available. The materials for raising fire should always be
• 1:10:47
  Speaker 1: kept in readiness. There is a proper season for making
• 1:10:51
  Speaker 1: attacks with fire and special days for starting a conflagration.
• 1:10:57
  Speaker 1: The proper season is when the weather is very dry.
• 1:11:00
  Speaker 1: The special days are those when the moon is in
• 1:11:03
  Speaker 1: the constellations of the sieve, the wall, the wing, or
• 1:11:07
  Speaker 1: the cross boar. For these four are all days of
• 1:11:10
  Speaker 1: rising wind. In attacking with fire, one should be prepared
• 1:11:16
  Speaker 1: to meet five possible developments. One, when fire breaks out
• 1:11:21
  Speaker 1: inside the enemy's camp, respond at once with an attack
• 1:11:25
  Speaker 1: from without. Two If there is an outbreak of fire
• 1:11:29
  Speaker 1: but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet, bide your time and
• 1:11:33
  Speaker 1: do not attack. Three. When the force of the flames
• 1:11:37
  Speaker 1: has reached its height, follow it up with an attack
• 1:11:40
  Speaker 1: if that is practicable. If not, stay where you are. Four.
• 1:11:45
  Speaker 1: If it is possible to make an assault with fire
• 1:11:48
  Speaker 1: from without, do not wait for it to break out within,
• 1:11:51
  Speaker 1: but the liver your attack at a favorable moment. Five.
• 1:11:55
  Speaker 1: When you start a fire, be to windward of it.
• 1:11:59
  Speaker 1: Do not at attack from the leeward. A wind that
• 1:12:03
  Speaker 1: rises in the daytime lasts long, but a night breeze
• 1:12:06
  Speaker 1: soon falls. In every army, the five developments connected with
• 1:12:11
  Speaker 1: fire must be known, the movements of the stars calculated,
• 1:12:16
  Speaker 1: and a watch kept for the proper days. Hence, those
• 1:12:19
  Speaker 1: who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence.
• 1:12:24
  Speaker 1: Those who use water as an aid to the attack
• 1:12:27
  Speaker 1: gain an accession of strength. By means of water, an
• 1:12:31
  Speaker 1: enemy may be intercepted, but not robbed of all his belongings.
• 1:12:36
  Speaker 1: Unhappy is the fate of one who tries to win
• 1:12:39
  Speaker 1: his battles and succeed in his attacks without cultivating the
• 1:12:43
  Speaker 1: spirit of enterprise, for the result is waste of time
• 1:12:47
  Speaker 1: and general stagnation. Hence the saying the enlightened ruler lays
• 1:12:53
  Speaker 1: his plans well ahead. The good general cultivates his resources.
• 1:12:58
  Speaker 1: Move not unless uf you see an advantage. Use not
• 1:13:02
  Speaker 1: your troops unless there is something to be gained. Fight
• 1:13:06
  Speaker 1: not unless the position is critical. No ruler should put
• 1:13:10
  Speaker 1: troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen.
• 1:13:14
  Speaker 1: No general should fight a battle simply out of peak.
• 1:13:19
  Speaker 1: If it is to your advantage, make a forward move.
• 1:13:22
  Speaker 1: If not, stay where you are. Anger may in time
• 1:13:27
  Speaker 1: change to gladness. Vexation may be succeeded by content. But
• 1:13:31
  Speaker 1: a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never come
• 1:13:35
  Speaker 1: again into being, nor can the dead ever be brought
• 1:13:39
  Speaker 1: back to life. Hence, the enlightened ruler is heedful and
• 1:13:43
  Speaker 1: the good general full of caution. This is the way
• 1:13:46
  Speaker 1: to keep a country at peace and an army intact.
• 1:13:52
  Speaker 1: End of chapter twelve, Chapter thirteen of the Art of
• 1:14:00
  Speaker 1: War by Sun Su, translated by Lionel Giles. This LibriVox
• 1:14:06
  Speaker 1: recording is in the public domain chapter thirteen, the use
• 1:14:11
  Speaker 1: of spies. Sun Zou said, raising a host of one
• 1:14:16
  Speaker 1: hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy
• 1:14:21
  Speaker 1: loss on the people and a drain on the resources
• 1:14:24
  Speaker 1: of the state. The daily expenditure will amount to a
• 1:14:27
  Speaker 1: thousand ounces of silver. There will be commotion at home
• 1:14:31
  Speaker 1: and abroad, and men will drop down exhausted on the highways.
• 1:14:37
  Speaker 1: As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded
• 1:14:41
  Speaker 1: in their labor. Hostile armies may face each other for years,
• 1:14:46
  Speaker 1: striving for victory, which is decided in a single day.
• 1:14:50
  Speaker 1: This being so, to remain in ignorance of the enemy's
• 1:14:54
  Speaker 1: condition simply because one begrudges the outlay of one hundred
• 1:14:57
  Speaker 1: ounces of silver in honors and emollion is the height
• 1:15:01
  Speaker 1: of inhumanity. One who acts thus is no leader of men,
• 1:15:06
  Speaker 1: no present help to his sovereign, no master of victory. Thus,
• 1:15:11
  Speaker 1: what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to
• 1:15:14
  Speaker 1: strike and conquer and achieve things beyond the reach of
• 1:15:18
  Speaker 1: ordinary men is four knowledge. Now, this four knowledge cannot
• 1:15:23
  Speaker 1: be elicited from spirits. It cannot be obtained inductively from experience,
• 1:15:28
  Speaker 1: and are by any deductive calculation. Knowledge of the enemy's
• 1:15:33
  Speaker 1: dispositions can only be obtained from other men. Hence the
• 1:15:38
  Speaker 1: use of spies, of whom there are five classes. One
• 1:15:43
  Speaker 1: local spies, two inward spies, three converted spies, four doomed spies,
• 1:15:50
  Speaker 1: five surviving spies. When these five kinds of spy are
• 1:15:55
  Speaker 1: all at work, none can discover the secret system. This
• 1:16:00
  Speaker 1: is called divine manipulation of the threads. It is the
• 1:16:05
  Speaker 1: sovereign's most precious faculty. Having local spies means employing the
• 1:16:10
  Speaker 1: services of the inhabitants of a district, Having inward spies,
• 1:16:14
  Speaker 1: making use of officials of the enemy, having converted spies,
• 1:16:19
  Speaker 1: getting hold of the enemy spies and using them for
• 1:16:23
  Speaker 1: our purposes. Having doomed spies doing certain things openly for
• 1:16:29
  Speaker 1: purposes of deception, and allowing our spies to know of
• 1:16:32
  Speaker 1: them and report them to the enemy. Surviving spies, finally,
• 1:16:38
  Speaker 1: are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp. Hence,
• 1:16:42
  Speaker 1: it is that none in the whole army are more
• 1:16:46
  Speaker 1: intimate relations to be maintained than with spies. None should
• 1:16:51
  Speaker 1: be more liberally rewarded. In no other business should greater
• 1:16:55
  Speaker 1: secrecy be preserved. Spies cannot be usefully employed with certain
• 1:17:00
  Speaker 1: intuitive sagacity. They cannot be properly managed without benevolence and straightforwardness.
• 1:17:07
  Speaker 1: Without subtle ingenuity of mind, one cannot make certain of
• 1:17:11
  Speaker 1: the truth of their reports. Be subtle, Be subtle, and
• 1:17:16
  Speaker 1: use your spies for every kind of business. If a
• 1:17:20
  Speaker 1: secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before
• 1:17:24
  Speaker 1: the time is ripe, he must be put to death,
• 1:17:27
  Speaker 1: together with the man to whom the secret was told.
• 1:17:30
  Speaker 1: Whenever the object be to crush an army, to storm
• 1:17:33
  Speaker 1: a city, or to assassinate an individual, it is always
• 1:17:38
  Speaker 1: necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants,
• 1:17:43
  Speaker 1: the aides de camp, and door keepers, and centuries of
• 1:17:46
  Speaker 1: the general in command. Our spies must be commissioned to
• 1:17:50
  Speaker 1: ascertain these. The enemy spies who have come to spy
• 1:17:54
  Speaker 1: on us must be sought out, tempted with bribes, led away,
• 1:17:59
  Speaker 1: and comfort housed. Thus they will become converted spies and
• 1:18:03
  Speaker 1: available for our service. It is through the information brought
• 1:18:07
  Speaker 1: by the converted spy that we are able to acquire
• 1:18:11
  Speaker 1: and employ local and inward spies. It is owing to
• 1:18:15
  Speaker 1: his information again, that we can cause the doomed spy
• 1:18:19
  Speaker 1: to carry false tidings to the enemy. Lastly, it is
• 1:18:24
  Speaker 1: by his information that the surviving spy can be used
• 1:18:28
  Speaker 1: on appointed occasions. The end and end aim of spying
• 1:18:33
  Speaker 1: in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy,
• 1:18:38
  Speaker 1: and this knowledge can only be derived, in the first
• 1:18:41
  Speaker 1: instance from the converted spy. Hence, it is essential that
• 1:18:45
  Speaker 1: the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality of old.
• 1:18:51
  Speaker 1: The rise of the Yin dynasty was due to Ai Ching,
• 1:18:54
  Speaker 1: who had served under he Sha. Likewise, the rise of
• 1:18:58
  Speaker 1: the Chu dynasty was to due to Luyah, who had
• 1:19:01
  Speaker 1: served under the Inn. Hence, it is only the enlightened
• 1:19:06
  Speaker 1: ruler in the wise general who will use the highest
• 1:19:09
  Speaker 1: intelligence of the army for purposes of spying, and thereby
• 1:19:13
  Speaker 1: they achieve great results. Spies are the most important element
• 1:19:19
  Speaker 1: in water, because on them depends an armies ability to move.
• 1:19:26
  Speaker 1: End of chapter thirteen, End of the Art of War
• 1:19:30
  Speaker 1: by Sunsoux, translated by Lionel Giles. This book read by
• 1:19:35
  Speaker 1: phil Shinnebet December two thousand twelve in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.