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French Waiters Once Had to Strike for Their Right to Wear Mustaches · Ridiculous History

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  Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of I Heart Radio. Welcome
• 0:27
  Speaker 1: to the show, Ridiculous Historians. Thank you so much for
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  Speaker 1: tuning in. I am very excited about today's episode. Uh
• 0:37
  Speaker 1: my name is Ben. I gotta tell you notice I
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  Speaker 1: shaved bonze, you sweet Noel, and you can tell I
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  Speaker 1: am French, but I'm outrageous accent sort of Disney beauty
• 0:47
  Speaker 1: and the beast vibe not Gaston on the candlestick. And
• 0:51
  Speaker 1: there's our super producer, Casey Pegram. Casey, You're going to
• 0:56
  Speaker 1: absolutely love the cartoonish French accents. And I'm gonna be
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  Speaker 1: dropping through this episode. Sir, I'm here for it, and
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  Speaker 1: you're also here in the same room as us, because
• 1:07
  Speaker 1: we're in a different studio and I really like being
• 1:08
  Speaker 1: able to look right at you and not be separated
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  Speaker 1: by glass. And you know, fiberglass, the barriers that separate us,
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  Speaker 1: they've come down, Casey. I'm part way through this. I'm
• 1:18
  Speaker 1: going to reach out and hold your hand as I
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  Speaker 1: do my own terrible accents, and I want you to
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  Speaker 1: be ready for that moment when it happens. I'll prepare myself.
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  Speaker 1: Do please do? Uh So, the three of us, I'm
• 1:30
  Speaker 1: looking around the room. The three of us all have
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  Speaker 1: a facial hair of one sort or another. I typically,
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  Speaker 1: as you guys know, my my beard grows really quickly.
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  Speaker 1: So I am always like three hours away from a
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  Speaker 1: five o'clock shadow, and I try to shave it when
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  Speaker 1: I want to look clean cut and the two o'clock shadow. Uh,
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  Speaker 1: it usually is about twenty minutes after I shave. And no,
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  Speaker 1: you yourself have not shaved for years, right, not once,
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  Speaker 1: not even ever? A trim. I just let it grow
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  Speaker 1: like an old prospector will you trim it? I do?
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  Speaker 1: I get it trimmed. Actually, that's one of the luxuries
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  Speaker 1: I afford myself as when I get a haircut, I
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  Speaker 1: get them to to trim my beard as well and
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  Speaker 1: shape it up because I'm not qualified to do that.
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  Speaker 1: It's an art and it's tough when you're doing it
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  Speaker 1: for yourself. And in case you you've you've had kind
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  Speaker 1: of uh, I would say I would call that a beard, right, Yeah,
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  Speaker 1: that's a little dismissed because I'm trying to find because
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  Speaker 1: it's not it's not stubble, and there's some interesting studies.
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  Speaker 1: It's somewhere somewhere. Yeah, But I mean, like I usually
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  Speaker 1: maintain the same kind of thing. Uh, Because there's a
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  Speaker 1: there's a fascinating study that says there's this spectrum of
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  Speaker 1: facial hair, and people tend to when they're looking at
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  Speaker 1: pictures of strangers, they tend to think that people with
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  Speaker 1: bigger beards, like zz top wizard style beards are more
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  Speaker 1: are wiser, but less trustworthy, and the people who are
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  Speaker 1: clean shaven are more trustworthy, but perhaps with less real
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  Speaker 1: world experience. And then uh, in a in a concurrent study,
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  Speaker 1: they found to that, now this may be controversial. Uh,
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  Speaker 1: they found that stubble was considered the most attractive of
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  Speaker 1: facial hair. Interesting, it's weird, right. You know why that
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  Speaker 1: might be because it gives you the it's sort of
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  Speaker 1: like half and half. It gives you the benefit of
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  Speaker 1: a clean shaven look. You can sort of see the
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  Speaker 1: skin still, especially if you have like a nice jawline,
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  Speaker 1: and then you also get the ruggedness of a little
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  Speaker 1: beard sprinkling kind of you know, I have a question
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  Speaker 1: for you guys about mustaches. Is a mustache a mustache
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  Speaker 1: if it's connected to a beard. You know, that's interesting
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  Speaker 1: because wouldn't it become at that point a goatee of
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  Speaker 1: some sort. Its just all one assembly. Well what if
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  Speaker 1: the mustaches grown out and waxed and it's sort of
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  Speaker 1: its own thing but something else at that point, Yeah,
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  Speaker 1: I don't know. Well according to my auto correct, which
• 3:55
  Speaker 1: insists that I don't mean to type mustache. But uh oh,
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  Speaker 1: I gotta tell you guys the story. Recently, I was
• 4:01
  Speaker 1: looking back at my worst auto correct mistakes at I
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  Speaker 1: wrote to my mom and I told her. We were
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  Speaker 1: in a conversation and I said, you know, I'm thinking
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  Speaker 1: of growing mustache, and auto correct turned it into this
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  Speaker 1: is true, I'm thinking of growing a moistache. Sorry, mom,
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  Speaker 1: moist word a version. People are just losing their minds
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  Speaker 1: in the audience right now, I know. Yeah, imagine the humiliation. Now.
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  Speaker 1: I grew up mustache once for um, for a bet,
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  Speaker 1: but I've never committed to it. You have to be
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  Speaker 1: a specific type of person. They think that you have
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  Speaker 1: to have the right facial structure, dare I say the
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  Speaker 1: right vibe. I once shaved my beard, um except for
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  Speaker 1: the mustache, and people kept telling me I looked like
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  Speaker 1: Ron Jeremy, So I never did that again. It also
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  Speaker 1: made my daughter cry, yeah, because she like didn't recognize
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  Speaker 1: me because she's you know, I've had this beard since
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  Speaker 1: I was about fourteen somewhere, approaching this level of of
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  Speaker 1: facial hair, since I was at least fifteen or sixteen,
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  Speaker 1: and she'd never seen me without it before. And I
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  Speaker 1: shaved everything off of the mustache. She was like maybe three, uh,
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  Speaker 1: and she lost it. She she didn't know who I
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  Speaker 1: was three. That makes sense, though, That makes sense, And
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  Speaker 1: it's weird because when we first meet someone, we assume
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  Speaker 1: that that initial meeting, the initial you know, shot we
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  Speaker 1: have of them in our heads, is how they always look.
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  Speaker 1: That's why it feels weird if you meet someone while
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  Speaker 1: they're wearing a hat, and then you see them the
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  Speaker 1: next time and they're not wearing a hat, and you're like, whoa,
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  Speaker 1: what is this plot twist? It's kind of the same
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  Speaker 1: way with facial hair. And shout out to everyone listening
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  Speaker 1: who grows facial hair? Who does that thing? I don't
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  Speaker 1: know if anybody else has done this, but when I
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  Speaker 1: have a full beer grown out and I liked I
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  Speaker 1: like to shave in two different auditions for facial hair,
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  Speaker 1: you know what I mean? Like, I'll do the what's
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  Speaker 1: that mustache? It kind of goes down. It's like the
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  Speaker 1: foo man chew um handle bar? Handle bar? Is that
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  Speaker 1: what it is? The one that like, uh, I think,
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  Speaker 1: so okay, it resembles a set of handlebars. There we go.
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  Speaker 1: Sometimes it can usually connects up to the chops though, yeah, yeah,
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  Speaker 1: and it becomes another thing entirely. I did that one
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  Speaker 1: where you shave everything except right here on the chin line.
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  Speaker 1: And I feel like an old time profit of some sort. Yeah,
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  Speaker 1: an old time profit or like a saloon proprietor perhaps.
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  Speaker 1: And so today today we are exploring facial hair. I
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  Speaker 1: I know that mustaches can be a divisive thing, right
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  Speaker 1: because some people say they'll they'll never condone a mustache.
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  Speaker 1: Some people love them. They had a bit of a
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  Speaker 1: vogue moment in hipster dam here in the United States
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  Speaker 1: a few years back. You guys remember when people were
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  Speaker 1: getting mustache tattoos and uh like mustache tattoos on their
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  Speaker 1: fingers that they would put under their nose. Do you
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  Speaker 1: remember that? Yeah? I thought it was an odd commitment.
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  Speaker 1: Why not just use the finger? The mustache is sort
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  Speaker 1: of implied. It's a tattoo. You know, they're gonna have
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  Speaker 1: that for a while. But back in the early nineteen hundreds, Paris, France,
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  Speaker 1: famously home to le bush mustaches, became a huge hot
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  Speaker 1: button issue and it started with waiters. And this is
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  Speaker 1: this is so strange, Like okay, so Casey, if we
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  Speaker 1: could ask you, can you bust a couple of stereotypes.
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  Speaker 1: I feel like the US unfairly gives waiters in Paris
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  Speaker 1: a bad rep Yeah, they had the classic rap I
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  Speaker 1: mean it's it's it's a very um common stereotype, right
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  Speaker 1: of like the rude French waiter, the snooty French waiter.
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  Speaker 1: It really has not been the case in my experience.
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  Speaker 1: I've had maybe one rude waiter experience where I think
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  Speaker 1: my bill came out to maybe eight euros. I had
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  Speaker 1: like ten years to pay for it, and the guy
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  Speaker 1: wanted exact change, and I had to explain to him
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  Speaker 1: that I only had a ten year old bill, and
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  Speaker 1: he with his fingers is counting out like eight eight,
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  Speaker 1: and he's saying the English word eight eight, and I'm
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  Speaker 1: telling him in French like, no, I understand eight versus ten.
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  Speaker 1: I just need change. And as you know, as soon
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  Speaker 1: as I kind of responded to him like in fluent French,
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  Speaker 1: his whole demeanor changed, and he was very apologetic, and
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  Speaker 1: he actually seemed somewhat embarrassed that he had behaved that way.
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  Speaker 1: And it's almost as though your Francophone nature uh precludes
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  Speaker 1: you from the rude waiter behavior. This is true. This
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  Speaker 1: is true. But even in like earlier trips to Paris,
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  Speaker 1: it has been remarked upon that, um, it has gotten
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  Speaker 1: more polite over the years. You know, some of the
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  Speaker 1: some of the waiting kind of culture that we have
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  Speaker 1: in the United States in terms of the tip, uh,
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  Speaker 1: and this feeling that it's almost like a kind of
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  Speaker 1: emotional blackmail. You have to kind of like act like
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  Speaker 1: your best buds with the person you're waiting on. In France,
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  Speaker 1: they are salaried employees waiters are so they're really not
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  Speaker 1: beholden to the customer this same way they are in
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  Speaker 1: the United States. It's it's more of like a trade
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  Speaker 1: or something that they practice. So they don't I mean,
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  Speaker 1: you don't have to tip. Yeah yeah, yeah, the tip
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  Speaker 1: is included. You could round up, you can round us
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  Speaker 1: or something, but generally the price, like the price of
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  Speaker 1: the food includes the tip for the staff. So do
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  Speaker 1: they make a good wage really? Yeah? Interesting and so um, yeah,
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  Speaker 1: it's kind of cool. They, I mean, the waiters I've
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  Speaker 1: had tend to just be very professional, very quick, very efficient.
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  Speaker 1: They're not really much for small talk or for hanging
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  Speaker 1: out or anything like that. But at the same time,
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  Speaker 1: I have not experienced like so much rudeness or abruptness
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  Speaker 1: from them, just kind of like, you know, cool customers
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  Speaker 1: and and kind of just like there to get you
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  Speaker 1: your food and get out of the way. I despise
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  Speaker 1: the American culture of small talk by waiters and a
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  Speaker 1: stick a whole stick or they have to do this
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  Speaker 1: whole song and the first time here. Oh god, Okay, okay,
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  Speaker 1: well let me walk you through the menu and how
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  Speaker 1: this works. Okay, you're gonna want to start with a
• 9:59
  Speaker 1: schnaz ba, all right. We we also have some We
• 10:02
  Speaker 1: also have half off apps, and we have bottomless tofi
• 10:06
  Speaker 1: uh you know, go on for sure, love me some tofy,
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  Speaker 1: but don't want to hear about it. I want to
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  Speaker 1: make my own choice. Please leave me alone. I'm sorry.
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  Speaker 1: Any any waite staff folks out there, I know you're
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  Speaker 1: I get it. I get it. Some people are all
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  Speaker 1: about that and it will get you a better tip.
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  Speaker 1: I'm just a curmudgeonly old fart and I just don't
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  Speaker 1: want anything to do with them. People in the service
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  Speaker 1: industry in the United States have, uh, one of the
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  Speaker 1: most challenging gigs and careers in the country because of tips,
• 10:37
  Speaker 1: which we'll get to in a second. Because I have
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  Speaker 1: an advertisement that I think you'll like. So how you're
• 10:42
  Speaker 1: listening and you're thinking, Uh, guys, how are you going
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  Speaker 1: to bring these disparate things together? How are you gonna
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  Speaker 1: bring French culture and tipping and mustaches together? Well, strap in,
• 10:54
  Speaker 1: because we are going somewhere with this. Let's start at
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  Speaker 1: the very beginning. Archie all just think that mustaches were
• 11:02
  Speaker 1: always kind of a human thing, even back when people
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  Speaker 1: were living in caves. Uh. There is strong evidence that
• 11:10
  Speaker 1: members of our species used shells and tweezers to shape
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  Speaker 1: facial hair into you know, one design or another. It
• 11:19
  Speaker 1: was naturally occurring tweezer, as you always hear so much about. Yeah, yep, yep, yeah.
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  Speaker 1: The common tweezer, I believe is the Latin I mean,
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  Speaker 1: I guess the most basic, you know, improvised tweezer could
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  Speaker 1: just be two small sticks, yeah, put together like chopsticks
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  Speaker 1: and needs pluck or maybe split a split a branch
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  Speaker 1: there you go vertically. See that is some very industrious
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  Speaker 1: thinking right there, my friend. Thanks man. But although we
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  Speaker 1: know facial hair was decorated, and can I say band escaped?
• 11:49
  Speaker 1: Does man escape apply just to the Australia or does
• 11:52
  Speaker 1: think it's trademarks? Okay, so you might not, you might
• 11:56
  Speaker 1: get sued, but you know what, let's roll the dice.
• 11:58
  Speaker 1: This is the casey in the case cu all over again?
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  Speaker 1: Really is so? When did the mustache as as we
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  Speaker 1: know it today come into being nole or when did
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  Speaker 1: it you know, really explode on the scene. Well, it
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  Speaker 1: really got it's uh, it's footing if you can imagine
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  Speaker 1: a mustache with feet firmly planted in the cultural zeitgeist
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  Speaker 1: in England during the Elizabethan era. In those days, as
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  Speaker 1: you can imagine, the beard reigned supreme and King James
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  Speaker 1: the First and his son, Old King Charles the First
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  Speaker 1: h decided that they were going to make a splash
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  Speaker 1: and turn this this beard thing on its end um
• 12:44
  Speaker 1: and make themselves really stand apart from the crowd um
• 12:48
  Speaker 1: by debuting their handlebar mustaches. Yeah yeah, and the hoi
• 12:55
  Speaker 1: polloi the masses followed suit, you know, And this is
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  Speaker 1: something we see a lot with fashion in general. Right,
• 13:01
  Speaker 1: some of the the more elite, whether political elites or
• 13:06
  Speaker 1: financial elites, are just uh, fashion elites. They they do something,
• 13:11
  Speaker 1: they're kind of the early adopters of a style, and
• 13:13
  Speaker 1: then it filters down and and it becomes more popular mainstream.
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  Speaker 1: And that's what happened with the mustache. When Britain moved
• 13:21
  Speaker 1: away from Puritan rule, the mustache stayed and it was
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  Speaker 1: a status symbol. King Charles the Second had a mustache
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  Speaker 1: and you can see portraits of him in his early
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  Speaker 1: teens where he already has his mustache. Peter the Great
• 13:36
  Speaker 1: in Russia attempted to control facial hair through implementing a
• 13:42
  Speaker 1: beard tax. This is a real thing. It was in
• 13:46
  Speaker 1: he went through Western Europe and he thought, you know,
• 13:50
  Speaker 1: he's like, after my trip abroad, I feel that beards
• 13:54
  Speaker 1: and facial hair are more old fashioned than masculine. So
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  Speaker 1: we're going to charge sixty two roubles for anyone who
• 14:03
  Speaker 1: wants to grow a beard, and they have to have
• 14:05
  Speaker 1: a little token they can carry around. So the three
• 14:07
  Speaker 1: of us would have to carry would have to pay
• 14:09
  Speaker 1: the beard tax for what like, when do you have
• 14:12
  Speaker 1: to deliver this like is that like you pay it
• 14:14
  Speaker 1: like yearly or quarterly or just like you get shaken
• 14:17
  Speaker 1: down by you know, the beard cops, the beard cops
• 14:20
  Speaker 1: and the beard police. Surminds me of the butter tax,
• 14:24
  Speaker 1: the indulge in the butter boxes or whatever, like, for
• 14:26
  Speaker 1: the privilege and decadence of having a beard, you gotta pay. Yeah,
• 14:30
  Speaker 1: it's a weird thing. And he wanted to incentivize people
• 14:35
  Speaker 1: to be clean shaven. He felt like that would be
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  Speaker 1: more Western European of them, so people didn't want to
• 14:42
  Speaker 1: pay the beer tax. Of course, mustaches became the way
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  Speaker 1: for men to in this time, for men to show
• 14:49
  Speaker 1: that they were grown. You know, they were madly men.
• 14:52
  Speaker 1: I see. And would you have to pay a mustache tax?
• 14:55
  Speaker 1: That did not qualify for the beard tax. No, but
• 14:58
  Speaker 1: mustaches were so pop killer Uh. They have an occasional
• 15:02
  Speaker 1: resurgence here in the US. But mustaches were so popular
• 15:06
  Speaker 1: back in this time that the British Army required mustaches
• 15:11
  Speaker 1: as part of their official uniform from eighteen sixty all
• 15:14
  Speaker 1: the way to nineteen sixteen. It's true, and we have
• 15:17
  Speaker 1: gotten some of this information from a wonderful article on
• 15:20
  Speaker 1: Fatherly Um dot Com about the history of mustaches. By
• 15:23
  Speaker 1: the way, check out our partnership with them, Finding Fred
• 15:27
  Speaker 1: about the delightful Mr Rogers, who, for some reason we
• 15:30
  Speaker 1: have not done an episode about. He had some really
• 15:33
  Speaker 1: interesting things where he spoke out about, you know, war
• 15:36
  Speaker 1: and and actually included some pretty heavy topics and some
• 15:39
  Speaker 1: of his early black and white shows. Mr Rodgers is
• 15:42
  Speaker 1: a veteran as well. He is. Yeah, and uh really,
• 15:45
  Speaker 1: I don't know, I really That's why I watched that
• 15:47
  Speaker 1: How One Should Be My Neighbor documentary on a plane
• 15:49
  Speaker 1: and I was sobbing by the end of it. And
• 15:52
  Speaker 1: I texted my kid and I said, you're special, just
• 15:54
  Speaker 1: the way you are, and she, uh, she she knew
• 15:58
  Speaker 1: I was telling the truth. Mr Rogers lean shaven. He
• 16:01
  Speaker 1: has clean shaven and therefore much more trustworthy, I suppose, right.
• 16:04
  Speaker 1: Mandy pittakan sometimes clean shaven, sometimes bearded. You never know,
• 16:09
  Speaker 1: you never know what you're gonna get. Um, But yeah,
• 16:11
  Speaker 1: it's true what you say that the British Army actually
• 16:14
  Speaker 1: required mustaches. As can you imagine as part of your uniform?
• 16:18
  Speaker 1: You know, that's the I think of a uniform is
• 16:20
  Speaker 1: as closed. But that I guess that's a haircut. Hair
• 16:22
  Speaker 1: cun army hair I got makes sense? Okay, I'm back,
• 16:24
  Speaker 1: I'm back in it. Um So, by the end of
• 16:26
  Speaker 1: the nineteenth century, according to this lovely fatherly article, it
• 16:30
  Speaker 1: became a kind of health liability for cleanliness because, uh,
• 16:36
  Speaker 1: you know, there was more research being done into hygiene
• 16:40
  Speaker 1: and um you know, there were issues with tuberculosis spreading
• 16:44
  Speaker 1: and such and other diseases, and so beards were started
• 16:47
  Speaker 1: starting to be looked down on. Is like a vector
• 16:49
  Speaker 1: of of spreading germs. Rightly, so this went across the
• 16:55
  Speaker 1: Atlantic as well. New York City actually banned Milkman from
• 16:59
  Speaker 1: having beer It's in nineteen o two, hospitals in Britain
• 17:03
  Speaker 1: forced staff and patients to shave. And because of this
• 17:08
  Speaker 1: new emphasis on cleanliness and shaving, in nineteen o four,
• 17:12
  Speaker 1: guy with a fantastic name, his name, King camp Gillette
• 17:17
  Speaker 1: got the patent for the first ever disposable razor, and
• 17:21
  Speaker 1: cleanliness became increasingly important. Beards were on a little bit
• 17:25
  Speaker 1: of a downward trend, and I have I have one
• 17:28
  Speaker 1: one gear to grind uh that I wanted you guys
• 17:31
  Speaker 1: take on. Thank you. Uh here it is so when
• 17:36
  Speaker 1: I was living abroad, and I was in a place
• 17:39
  Speaker 1: where most things were much less expensive than they are
• 17:43
  Speaker 1: here in the States. With one exception. It is razors.
• 17:47
  Speaker 1: Razors were even more expensive than they were in the States,
• 17:52
  Speaker 1: and this was in Central America. I don't know they
• 17:54
  Speaker 1: had a monopoly. So eventually I just let my beard
• 17:58
  Speaker 1: grow out, and I came back looking like uh oh,
• 18:02
  Speaker 1: that era of the Beatles where they all had nice
• 18:04
  Speaker 1: suits but crazy beards. That It's true. I will say this,
• 18:08
  Speaker 1: and this is just sort of unrelated, but the fact
• 18:10
  Speaker 1: that I haven't shaved in such a long time gives
• 18:13
  Speaker 1: me a pretty sweet ability to just rocket disguise if
• 18:17
  Speaker 1: I need to, like go on the lamb. That's true.
• 18:19
  Speaker 1: That's true. If I shaved and like did my hair differently,
• 18:23
  Speaker 1: you wouldn't recognize me. Well you might, you might, but
• 18:27
  Speaker 1: but I wouldn't give you away. Also, kudos to you
• 18:30
  Speaker 1: for not participating in that two thousand nine, two nineteen
• 18:34
  Speaker 1: facial comparison thing. I didn't do it. No, I didn't
• 18:38
  Speaker 1: do it either. I did not do it for any
• 18:40
  Speaker 1: ideological reasons. I just I didn't get around to it.
• 18:43
  Speaker 1: But yes, our boy King was gonna call him, Yes,
• 18:46
  Speaker 1: get it King, King Camp, King Camp. He's the king
• 18:49
  Speaker 1: of Camp. Oh as so many ways you can go
• 18:52
  Speaker 1: with that, Gillette, It's true. Um, And back to your
• 18:56
  Speaker 1: South America thing. I wonder if it was because they
• 18:59
  Speaker 1: didn't have a factor that made them. They had import
• 19:01
  Speaker 1: them perhaps or imported that was Yeah. They were actually
• 19:05
  Speaker 1: the only razors I can find. There were two kinds,
• 19:10
  Speaker 1: and they were both, in my opinion, ludicrously expensive. But
• 19:15
  Speaker 1: back at this time people needed these razors. There was
• 19:18
  Speaker 1: definitely a market. We also have to consider the role
• 19:21
  Speaker 1: of gas mask because gas mask would not seal properly
• 19:26
  Speaker 1: if someone had a beard, and so people had to
• 19:29
  Speaker 1: shave if they wanted to survive being gassed. And that
• 19:33
  Speaker 1: comes from a really great BBC article called the Mustache,
• 19:37
  Speaker 1: a Hairy History. UM checked that one out as well. UM,
• 19:41
  Speaker 1: So yeah, that's interesting. You know, wouldn't seal because the
• 19:45
  Speaker 1: little hairs would just poke through there and then you
• 19:47
  Speaker 1: could get contaminated. And so now with this rise and fall,
• 19:52
  Speaker 1: waxing and waning and popularity for the beard, the mustache
• 19:56
  Speaker 1: becomes a statement, a statement of the purity and masculinity.
• 20:02
  Speaker 1: According to Christopher old stone More, who wrote of beards
• 20:06
  Speaker 1: and men, the revealing history of facial hair. Men who
• 20:10
  Speaker 1: stuck with mustaches at this time were either older men
• 20:13
  Speaker 1: sticking to the older standard, you know, kind of this
• 20:16
  Speaker 1: military look, or they were strong willed individualist who didn't
• 20:21
  Speaker 1: need or care to follow the new rules of cooperative manliness.
• 20:26
  Speaker 1: So there you have it, folks, the mustache becomes a statement.
• 20:30
  Speaker 1: That's our main takeaway here. Now let's fast forward a
• 20:33
  Speaker 1: little bit to the rise of the first modern restaurants
• 20:37
  Speaker 1: in Paris. These started out as establishments for the wealthy
• 20:42
  Speaker 1: and there's we're getting some of this from a great
• 20:44
  Speaker 1: article on Atlas Obscura. The restaurants wanted to recreate the
• 20:49
  Speaker 1: feeling of dining in a very nice place and opulent mansion,
• 20:54
  Speaker 1: a palace, what have you. And this means there was
• 20:58
  Speaker 1: this sort of gestal experience. It was not just about
• 21:02
  Speaker 1: the food. The waiters, the service staff also had to
• 21:06
  Speaker 1: look like domestic valets and domestic valets at this time
• 21:11
  Speaker 1: and traditionally were not allowed to wear mustaches as a
• 21:16
  Speaker 1: sign of their rank. That's right, much like that British
• 21:19
  Speaker 1: officers uniform, where it was was required. And in this article,
• 21:24
  Speaker 1: historian named gil Ma haley Um was quoted as saying
• 21:28
  Speaker 1: that diners were actually allowed able to essentially pay a
• 21:33
  Speaker 1: fee to humiliate these people um in in the bizarre
• 21:37
  Speaker 1: institutional kind of way, which seems very cruel. Yeah, because
• 21:43
  Speaker 1: they were paying. They were paying for food, sure, but
• 21:45
  Speaker 1: they were also paying for the experience of being the master. Yeah,
• 21:50
  Speaker 1: which is why first off, never say Garson because and
• 21:57
  Speaker 1: that in itself is kind of a reference to this
• 22:01
  Speaker 1: dynamic that was going on. According to gil Mahley, this
• 22:06
  Speaker 1: idea of regulating facial hair in France is rooted in
• 22:10
  Speaker 1: colonialist expansion and the industrial revolution because people who were
• 22:15
  Speaker 1: less well off had more access to what had once
• 22:18
  Speaker 1: been luxury goods, and when that happened, the elite, the
• 22:22
  Speaker 1: haves of the society had to turn to stuff money
• 22:26
  Speaker 1: couldn't buy for a new way of communicating their status.
• 22:30
  Speaker 1: Gil Mohley, by the way, is I don't think we're
• 22:32
  Speaker 1: grausking that quite correctly because he is he is French,
• 22:35
  Speaker 1: but he is, among other things, an editor at cos
• 22:41
  Speaker 1: Sure magazine, UM and French French publication and has written
• 22:45
  Speaker 1: very extensively on the role of masculinity and French culture.
• 22:49
  Speaker 1: And that's why that's why he comes into the picture
• 22:52
  Speaker 1: with this facial hair band. So now the elites want
• 22:58
  Speaker 1: to commun municate their status through their their rights or
• 23:05
  Speaker 1: their privilege of possessing facial hair. And according to Guilt,
• 23:09
  Speaker 1: it was intensely humiliating for people in France to return
• 23:14
  Speaker 1: from a war and then be told that they have
• 23:17
  Speaker 1: to shave their mustache just to get a job. He
• 23:22
  Speaker 1: says that to be denied the mustache was to be demeaned, infantilized, emasculated,
• 23:27
  Speaker 1: even depatriated in front of their families, neighbors and friends. Man,
• 23:32
  Speaker 1: that is assigning a lot of meaning to the stash.
• 23:37
  Speaker 1: And I think that's that. You see where we're going
• 23:39
  Speaker 1: with this. Yeah, it really felt as though you were
• 23:42
  Speaker 1: being stripped of your freedom, your liberty. Did I say
• 23:47
  Speaker 1: that right? Casey, liberty, case on the case. And this
• 23:58
  Speaker 1: all leads us to the eight French mustache strike of
• 24:03
  Speaker 1: nineteen o seven. Casey, here's this. Here's this ad. We're
• 24:08
  Speaker 1: just gonna read this ad to you, Okay, This ties
• 24:11
  Speaker 1: in all that stuff we're talking about. The beginning, hotel
• 24:13
  Speaker 1: keepers refused to yield batterly opposed a plan for oppertration
• 24:17
  Speaker 1: with striking Paris waiters. Big American Tips blamed build before
• 24:20
  Speaker 1: Parliament to make it impossible for employees to bob employees mustaches. Right. Uh,
• 24:26
  Speaker 1: and that's the thing Americans. Actually we're a big part, um,
• 24:31
  Speaker 1: if indirectly, for this strike. Um. You can't really understate
• 24:38
  Speaker 1: how important the culture of American tipping is. And this
• 24:44
  Speaker 1: whole thing we talked about at the top of the show.
• 24:46
  Speaker 1: I was blissfully unaware, as I have not traveled outside
• 24:49
  Speaker 1: of of the United States, and in a hot minute
• 24:51
  Speaker 1: that you don't tip in Europe. Is the europe and
• 24:54
  Speaker 1: as a whole or is it just France? I think
• 24:56
  Speaker 1: it varies a little bit country to country. Got it.
• 24:58
  Speaker 1: Put In general, the idea of tipping is an American content.
• 25:03
  Speaker 1: I'm and I don't care for it particularly. I mean
• 25:07
  Speaker 1: I get I get how the system works, but I'm like,
• 25:10
  Speaker 1: just charge me with the food is worth, just Charlie.
• 25:13
  Speaker 1: I love it when when the when the tip is
• 25:14
  Speaker 1: built into the check. I don't have to think about
• 25:17
  Speaker 1: it because it creates all of this like one upsmans
• 25:20
  Speaker 1: of ship. Right. You know. The thing about a meal
• 25:23
  Speaker 1: for me is I think a good meal should end
• 25:27
  Speaker 1: with maybe coffee or dessert. Not having to do math exactly,
• 25:32
  Speaker 1: but so you know, the French not into this concept either,
• 25:35
  Speaker 1: and when American tourists would come, it raised the the
• 25:41
  Speaker 1: specter of tipping in a culture that hadn't really had
• 25:44
  Speaker 1: to contend with it because there was some tipping already
• 25:48
  Speaker 1: in French culture at this time, which was in the
• 25:50
  Speaker 1: early nineteen hundreds, but it was nominal at best. I think, um,
• 25:57
  Speaker 1: the the kind of influx of America in tourism really
• 26:01
  Speaker 1: raised the bar on tipping. Because of Americans, uh, we're
• 26:05
  Speaker 1: more used to tipping, right. And as we see this
• 26:07
  Speaker 1: increase in the average tip for the average Parisian restaurants employee,
• 26:14
  Speaker 1: we see that the owners of cafes and restaurants are
• 26:17
  Speaker 1: also clocking that rise in income and they start levying
• 26:22
  Speaker 1: charges on their staff to get, you know, their cut
• 26:25
  Speaker 1: of the pie. So the waiters go on strike at
• 26:30
  Speaker 1: these high end restaurants and they demand better pay, more
• 26:34
  Speaker 1: time off, and they say, hey, let us grow our
• 26:37
  Speaker 1: mustaches out, let us have the facial hair we want.
• 26:41
  Speaker 1: At the time. This is the mustache has been almost
• 26:44
  Speaker 1: ubiquitous amongst male French residents for decades, and priests, domestic
• 26:51
  Speaker 1: servers and waiters were often not allowed to have it.
• 26:53
  Speaker 1: They said it was forced shaving. They felt sentenced to
• 26:57
  Speaker 1: force shaving, and according to one estimate, when they did
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: finally strike, they cost the city roughly twenty five thousand
• 27:05
  Speaker 1: francs a day in revenue. I just wanted to jump
• 27:08
  Speaker 1: in here real quick. The word, the French word for
• 27:11
  Speaker 1: tipping is pour boir, which roughly means like for drinking.
• 27:15
  Speaker 1: It's like drinking money. So you can kind of see
• 27:18
  Speaker 1: just implied in the in the word itself that they're
• 27:21
  Speaker 1: not necessarily talking about somebody's livelihood. It's just like a
• 27:24
  Speaker 1: little bonus to kind of um, you know, reward really
• 27:27
  Speaker 1: good service. But it's not gonna like pay your bills. Oh,
• 27:29
  Speaker 1: drinking money, not like drinking money. It's just like you know, beer,
• 27:34
  Speaker 1: beer money. Got it, casey on the case. So, according
• 27:40
  Speaker 1: to one contemporaneous newspaper, there's there's a line here I
• 27:43
  Speaker 1: thought you would enjoy. Women are quite determined to starve
• 27:47
  Speaker 1: with their children rather than see the whiskers of their
• 27:50
  Speaker 1: husbands still fall under the razor. So the families were
• 27:54
  Speaker 1: supporting the guys striking, and they're like, no, you're not
• 27:57
  Speaker 1: a man. And you know what, you know what francis
• 28:01
  Speaker 1: the man? I married, he had a mustache, sure did.
• 28:04
  Speaker 1: But you know, it wasn't all support for for the
• 28:08
  Speaker 1: striking waiters. I mean there were some folks that were like,
• 28:11
  Speaker 1: what are you guys doing? Like, you know, this is
• 28:14
  Speaker 1: that's how it always is with strikes. I mean not
• 28:16
  Speaker 1: not always, but like you're there's gonna be folks that
• 28:18
  Speaker 1: like just look at it as like being greedy or
• 28:21
  Speaker 1: trying to you know, get more money, or if there's
• 28:23
  Speaker 1: no real hardship involved, like you know, one thing when
• 28:26
  Speaker 1: like coal miners are living in horrific conditions and striking
• 28:30
  Speaker 1: for better pay, better working conditions. But this is you know,
• 28:34
  Speaker 1: I could see how there could be some detractors for this. Sure,
• 28:37
  Speaker 1: And there's also sort of know your place, lowly peasants.
• 28:41
  Speaker 1: That's true, that's true, and not on the wrong side
• 28:44
  Speaker 1: of history here been no no, no. I mean, it's
• 28:48
  Speaker 1: it's strange because the people who stayed were considered like,
• 28:51
  Speaker 1: not everybody quit obviously, and some people jumped in to
• 28:55
  Speaker 1: fill the new uh, to fill the new positions that
• 28:58
  Speaker 1: had opened up. But the people who stayed were considered
• 29:01
  Speaker 1: kind of traders scabs. Yes, strikers were like, come on, man,
• 29:06
  Speaker 1: what's going don't you also want to be a man
• 29:08
  Speaker 1: and grow your mustache. There's a weird l a Times
• 29:13
  Speaker 1: report from April twenty seven that includes some of my
• 29:19
  Speaker 1: favorite innocent bystanders. So the authorities are trying to clear
• 29:23
  Speaker 1: out these strikers, right, and they expel every clean shaven man,
• 29:27
  Speaker 1: including apparently a dozen innocent Americans who had just arrived
• 29:32
  Speaker 1: in town. Knew nothing about the strike and were astonished
• 29:36
  Speaker 1: by how hostile the police were. Were they giving a walloping? Yeah,
• 29:40
  Speaker 1: well they were forcefully pushed out of town, you know,
• 29:43
  Speaker 1: literally right out of town on a railw Do you
• 29:45
  Speaker 1: like that? So what do we know about the uh?
• 29:49
  Speaker 1: The details of this strike? A lot of our information
• 29:53
  Speaker 1: does come from gilm Hanley, but some of the details
• 29:57
  Speaker 1: are still unclear. Right, what was the affair? Drive his affair?
• 30:01
  Speaker 1: That's that's tricky territory to get into. But basically it's
• 30:04
  Speaker 1: where this guy was falsely accused of I don't even
• 30:08
  Speaker 1: remember what, but there was a lot of it was
• 30:10
  Speaker 1: like a proxy Franti Semitism basically. It's it's still referred
• 30:14
  Speaker 1: to today in in UH in kind of contemporary French culture.
• 30:19
  Speaker 1: The drivest Affair and Roman Polansky his new film it's
• 30:23
  Speaker 1: called Jacques and it is also about the Drive fust
• 30:26
  Speaker 1: affair and him kind of comparing himself to dry Really yep, yep,
• 30:31
  Speaker 1: really a little bit, a little bit because the Drivers affair,
• 30:36
  Speaker 1: the guy was falsely accused. That is true on the record.
• 30:41
  Speaker 1: I mean, there's no there's no question that it happened.
• 30:44
  Speaker 1: What he did, society knows what he And there's also
• 30:47
  Speaker 1: some new charges for Polansky that have come out just
• 30:49
  Speaker 1: within the last month or so, right, what are those
• 30:52
  Speaker 1: more just just more allegations of him doing, you know,
• 30:55
  Speaker 1: terrible stuff. What happened to like well, having a good
• 30:57
  Speaker 1: old fashioned like dirt bad cry. Why are people like
• 31:01
  Speaker 1: bouncing checks and doing small time cons for wristwatches? It's
• 31:06
  Speaker 1: a good question, Ben, Simpler is a simpler time. But
• 31:09
  Speaker 1: the reason I bring up the Drive's affairs because that
• 31:12
  Speaker 1: what you know, I know, it's complex, casey, and I
• 31:14
  Speaker 1: appreciate you shedding some lne on the force. But it
• 31:16
  Speaker 1: was another one of these kind of high water mark
• 31:19
  Speaker 1: moments of like what are what is French identity? Kind
• 31:24
  Speaker 1: of you know, And this is obviously a little more
• 31:27
  Speaker 1: of a frivolous example, but this mustache strike was as
• 31:31
  Speaker 1: well yeah. Yeah. We don't know exactly how many people
• 31:35
  Speaker 1: went on strike or exactly when they started striking. The
• 31:41
  Speaker 1: numbers that we've been able to gather, I have a
• 31:44
  Speaker 1: pretty wide range. Some say hundreds were striking, others say thousands,
• 31:49
  Speaker 1: and others say that it came and went in waves.
• 31:53
  Speaker 1: People argue different facts, you know, and some people were
• 31:56
  Speaker 1: against the strike just for scientific reasons, for hygienic concerns.
• 32:00
  Speaker 1: They said, look, if people wear mustaches, are they going
• 32:04
  Speaker 1: to clean them? Is the Is this detritus and scruff
• 32:09
  Speaker 1: from their mustache going to go into the food we eat?
• 32:15
  Speaker 1: Someone else pointed out in Le Genal on April, they said,
• 32:20
  Speaker 1: watching a mustache man eat certainly common sight in the
• 32:23
  Speaker 1: day's restaurants, regardless of the appearance of the wait staff,
• 32:27
  Speaker 1: is repugnant to the viewer. That's that that that wounds
• 32:30
  Speaker 1: me to the quick. Ben Um. But I will say
• 32:33
  Speaker 1: that even today, like I mean, you're not allowed to
• 32:35
  Speaker 1: a lot of police people that work in kitchens and stuff.
• 32:37
  Speaker 1: They have to wear like beard nets, which is the
• 32:40
  Speaker 1: most humiliating thing in the whole world. I don't know.
• 32:42
  Speaker 1: I always thought it was a hygienic thing. It is
• 32:44
  Speaker 1: a hygienic thing. But it looks ridiculous, and I always
• 32:48
  Speaker 1: wonder whether they actually work, you know what I mean?
• 32:50
  Speaker 1: It seems like a lot of humiliation for not much payoff.
• 32:54
  Speaker 1: But I don't know, I get it. I I've seen
• 32:56
  Speaker 1: my beard hairs, uh make their way into the food
• 32:59
  Speaker 1: that I meaning occasionally. Um it's I would be grossed
• 33:03
  Speaker 1: out if I if I saw an unrecognized hair. I'm
• 33:06
  Speaker 1: used to my own beard hairs, but others, no, thank you,
• 33:09
  Speaker 1: right right, So this cause catches fire for it's the
• 33:14
  Speaker 1: people opposed to it and people supporting. The strikers eventually
• 33:18
  Speaker 1: reaches Parliament, where a guy named Antide Boyer, the Socialist
• 33:23
  Speaker 1: deputy from Marseilles, makes a bill. He proposes a bill
• 33:26
  Speaker 1: in Parliament that says, let's make it illegal to ban mustaches,
• 33:31
  Speaker 1: and let's say that if we catch you banning mustaches
• 33:34
  Speaker 1: in your restaurant, replace a business, you could be imprisoned
• 33:38
  Speaker 1: for up to three months. And weirdly enough, he introduced
• 33:41
  Speaker 1: this bill before the nine seven strike began. We have
• 33:45
  Speaker 1: a pretty good quote from him in the New York Times.
• 33:47
  Speaker 1: That's right. Boyer in the New York Times described the
• 33:50
  Speaker 1: bill as the product of some misguided noblemen and presumptuous
• 33:55
  Speaker 1: middle class folk cling to the belief that they're honoring
• 33:59
  Speaker 1: themselves by forbidding their servants, whom they treat us slaves,
• 34:03
  Speaker 1: to wear mustaches. Such a practice under a democratic republic
• 34:08
  Speaker 1: is grotesque and humiliating. Uh. He went on to say
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: that a resurrection of bygone tyranny, contrary to the principles
• 34:17
  Speaker 1: contained in the Declaration of the Rights of Man, was
• 34:21
  Speaker 1: another way of looking at this affront. So he's saying, hypocrites, hypocrites.
• 34:26
  Speaker 1: All this bill fails, But luckily it turned out not
• 34:31
  Speaker 1: to be necessary because by May, waiters across the city
• 34:36
  Speaker 1: of Paris had one back, the right to wear mustaches.
• 34:41
  Speaker 1: Oddly enough, in negotiations, some waiters chose to take the
• 34:47
  Speaker 1: right to wear mustache in exchange for some of their
• 34:50
  Speaker 1: other demands. So they make concessions on things like pay
• 34:53
  Speaker 1: your days off really to keep their mustaches garnished my wages,
• 34:57
  Speaker 1: just don't take away my mustache, which very intense. They
• 35:01
  Speaker 1: really felt strongly about these mustaches. So this kind of
• 35:05
  Speaker 1: became a symbolic victory for some, and in material terms
• 35:10
  Speaker 1: they weren't winning that much. So according to the historians.
• 35:14
  Speaker 1: Maybe the waiters got hoodwinked, or maybe the strike was
• 35:19
  Speaker 1: only kind of about labor and workers rights. Maybe it
• 35:23
  Speaker 1: was more about the ability to define one's self and
• 35:28
  Speaker 1: the concept of belonging as an equal in society. So
• 35:32
  Speaker 1: the bill didn't pass, but a lot of folks were
• 35:34
  Speaker 1: able to get their rights to mustaches back. And uh,
• 35:37
  Speaker 1: there was actually another slightly less spectacular mustache strike in
• 35:43
  Speaker 1: in nineteen o eight thereabouts. Um that that kind of
• 35:46
  Speaker 1: ended without much of fuss, because at the end of
• 35:50
  Speaker 1: the day, you know, if your employer requires you to
• 35:53
  Speaker 1: dress a certain way or where a certain thing, you
• 35:55
  Speaker 1: can choose to work there, it choose not to work there. Right,
• 35:57
  Speaker 1: It's tough. It depends on the market. What if there's
• 35:59
  Speaker 1: only one kind of job you can get. So this
• 36:03
  Speaker 1: concludes our episode, but not our show. We haven't even
• 36:07
  Speaker 1: trimmed the edges of the complex roll. Mustaches play in
• 36:12
  Speaker 1: various societies, facial hair in general. I like what you
• 36:15
  Speaker 1: did there, though, thank you, man, it was good. I
• 36:16
  Speaker 1: hit it in my stash of terrible jokes. Oh my god, man,
• 36:20
  Speaker 1: I don't know, and this is terrible. You you should
• 36:24
  Speaker 1: be set on fire, That's what I mean. Oh yeah, yeah, no,
• 36:27
  Speaker 1: it got it. But thankfully we work in podcasting where
• 36:30
  Speaker 1: we can have we can wear our facial hair. However
• 36:32
  Speaker 1: we damn well please Yeah, look, we are garbage fires
• 36:36
  Speaker 1: sometimes in the studio and we just try to we
• 36:39
  Speaker 1: try to sound like we are better dressed than we
• 36:41
  Speaker 1: are to roll in here with tattered sweatpants. Yeah, I'm
• 36:45
  Speaker 1: in my baby Yoda onesie, you know, but you are
• 36:49
  Speaker 1: right now? Oh yeah, yeah, sure I'm rocking this. Yeah,
• 36:51
  Speaker 1: I'm wearing a panda bear Kigaromi and it looks wonderful
• 36:55
  Speaker 1: like it really such. I strike a dashing figure in
• 36:58
  Speaker 1: a in a fuffy animal costumes. So let us know
• 37:00
  Speaker 1: your favorite facial hair stories also mustaches. Are you for
• 37:04
  Speaker 1: them or against them? And why? You can let us
• 37:07
  Speaker 1: know on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, where we are Ridiculous History,
• 37:10
  Speaker 1: Ridiculous History Show, or some variation thereof. You can also
• 37:14
  Speaker 1: find us as individual people and see our various facial
• 37:19
  Speaker 1: hairs on our own stuff. I am Instagram at ben
• 37:22
  Speaker 1: Bulling and Twitter app and bullin HSW. You can find
• 37:24
  Speaker 1: me exclusively on Instagram at how Now Noel Brown Big
• 37:27
  Speaker 1: Thanks to super producer Casey Pegraham. As always, how Expilliams,
• 37:30
  Speaker 1: who composed our delightful theme that you're hearing this very moment.
• 37:33
  Speaker 1: Christopher Hasciot is here in spirit, Eves, Jeff Coat as always,
• 37:37
  Speaker 1: and of course Gabe Blusier. And where would we be
• 37:41
  Speaker 1: without uh the quizzle latter, the quist An no a
• 37:45
  Speaker 1: k A. Young Quizzles a k A. Jonathan Strickland a
• 37:48
  Speaker 1: k A. The Quister a k a. The Quizzler makes
• 37:51
  Speaker 1: mouths happy. Um and Uh, Jeff, thanks to you. Ben
• 37:55
  Speaker 1: He likewise Noel and thinks, uh, you know what, while
• 37:58
  Speaker 1: we're thanking everybody, Uh, thanks to all the people who
• 38:02
  Speaker 1: haven't been jerked, the folks about how they want to
• 38:05
  Speaker 1: dress or look. Agreed. I see you next time. Fix
• 38:15
  Speaker 1: For more podcasts from my Heart Radio, visit the I
• 38:17
  Speaker 1: Heart Radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you listen to
• 38:20
  Speaker 1: your favorite shows.