Latest / SHULCHAN ARUCH YOMI: Own the Halacha in 25 minutes a day! / Yoreh De’ah 256:1-5. Tzedakah: Collection and Distribution of Funds for Charity, Kuppah and Tamchuy, Visitors
Transcript
- 0:00OK, Simon Reishman. Vav Sidaka.
- 0:03Koopa VE Tampui aleph coeir Sheshba.
- 0:08Any Jewish city. There's Jews.
- 0:10Hayavim, Muhammad, Mayhem. Gabai Sidaka.
- 0:13You have to have a Gabai sidaka. Ones who collect and give out
- 0:17nashim yaduim. Is it known?
- 0:22Known individuals. Vanamanim.
- 0:24They're trustworthy, right? We know where they are.
- 0:27They have to be capable. You have to be intelligent
- 0:29enough to deal with this and honest shiu mukhazrim like Gabot
- 0:35Nicole Akhad, because they have to be able to go and collect
- 0:37from each one, go from house to house to collect mashhura UI le
- 0:4110 and figure out how much each person is able to give, right?
- 0:47That's very important. You have if one is able to give,
- 0:50one has to give. If one is not able to give,
- 0:52they're not allowed to collect. So they have to figure out how
- 0:54much Madhavar Cutsuvalla and they got to figure out how much
- 0:59each one is able to pay the Haim Mahalki Mahamaot, Maharav
- 1:03Shabbat, La Arab Shabbat. And they would divvy it out
- 1:07every week, era Shabbos to era Shabbos, right enough for the
- 1:12week. And we're going to keep we're
- 1:14going to explain the note means lako ani mashiaspiclo, the Shiva
- 1:20Yamim. And they would give out enough
- 1:23food that they would have for the week, seven days Mazzola
- 1:27Nikrez Koopa, that's in Khazzal, what they called a koopa.
- 1:34That's what you see in the times in the Mishnah that that's the
- 1:37that's what the Sedaka fund that's called a koopa.
- 1:41That's what it was for. It was for weekly allowance of
- 1:45food. And they would also go around,
- 1:51collect every day, Nikola Hatsur from courtyard, from courtyard
- 1:57pot Umine Maha. They go collect bread and foods
- 2:02or pay roads, fruits or vegetables, oma oats or cash.
- 2:06Mimi shumit Nadev Rafi Shah, whoever just donates, you know,
- 2:11for the moment, for that day, omakhalkin ETA gabui le ereb bin
- 2:16hanim. And every evening they would
- 2:18pass it out among the poor. The Notinimi menu will call ani
- 2:23parnassat yo MO and they would give him enough for the day.
- 2:28All right, until the next evening, and it would be a daily
- 2:31allowance. Viziani crowd Tam Hui and that's
- 2:35what is known khazal as the word tamkhle.
- 2:38That's the fund that Sedaka fund called tamkhle.
- 2:41It was for the day, it was enough and they would give out
- 2:44enough for the day. Me olam Laura Enu velosheimanu
- 2:48kahalmi sahalam Koopa schultzidaka and we have never
- 2:52heard of a city that doesn't have some form of Koopa
- 2:56Schultzidaka where they they look after their people, I guess
- 3:00on a weekly basis of all tamkhoy ishma kumat shalon nahagur Bo
- 3:06but this daily allowance or daily soup kitchen.
- 3:11So this is not every place has it Haga villa Hein MI Shi ishla
- 3:18Muslim shivayamim loika koopa. So therefore, it just means,
- 3:25right? Simple translation is if you
- 3:28have enough food for a week, you wouldn't collect for the from
- 3:31the from the koopa because it was a weekly thing and you
- 3:35didn't need it. If someone has enough food for
- 3:39the day, then they wouldn't collect from the tamqui because
- 3:42if you have enough for the day, then you would wait till the
- 3:43next day to go collect taking with the koopa.
- 3:46If you had enough for a week, then you'd wait for the next
- 3:48week. Obviously that's to be a little
- 3:50practical. And if there's only one day of
- 3:51giving it out, whatever, just work it out.
- 3:53But that's that. This is the concept.
- 3:55It means like you, you don't need to collect until the next
- 3:58time comes when they give it, when they give it out.
- 4:01Oh, it's Wikima Gabayim shiyu. Now these gabayim as we sort, we
- 4:07already alluded to or mentioned, they have to be trustworthy and
- 4:12wise deductible al hanim and they have to be very careful to
- 4:16scrutinize and figure out how you know, are these really a
- 4:20name? How much do they need for what
- 4:22Shiloh, you were a mayim so that they're not dishonest.
- 4:27It could be they have a lot of money.
- 4:28It could be it's easy for them to work and they don't want to
- 4:30work. Nicola Gabaye, Eno Nerman, I say
- 4:34So the whole is that when I just finished the whole, should I go
- 4:38by Eno Nerman, Asur Litaine Sidaka Al Yadav?
- 4:42Now, if you have this organization or the Skabaye
- 4:46who's you can't rely on for whatever reason, then you
- 4:49shouldn't give to that fund, that organization or person.
- 4:53You should give to one that is reliable.
- 4:55Shah just points out the obvious when we say they have to be very
- 4:59careful to scrutinize, that's in general.
- 5:02But if a person is starving and they say I need food, someone
- 5:06says I am starving and I need food just for right now.
- 5:08So then made with Doctor King, make sure he has enough food so
- 5:12that he has a chance to explain himself at least to give him to
- 5:17give him food for for right now. But you don't have to give him
- 5:20more than that quick it seems. In the old days it wasn't so
- 5:23hard because people weren't so transient and you could be
- 5:26careful, but people who are travelling, it'd be hard to
- 5:30know. You don't have to just.
- 5:31You have to do the best you can, but to aniot mahalkim, mezanod
- 5:35la Aniim, we get on. When at the end this has become
- 5:39the established Menhag. In those days, I'm not sure, I
- 5:42don't think nowadays. But in those days, again, it
- 5:46depends on the Matthias. At the end of every fast day, it
- 5:49was known that the Shoals or whatever that's Gabe Sedaka.
- 5:54They would give out a lot of food for any of the poor people
- 5:58who are hungry. And the minute was they were
- 6:00waiting for that meal, right? That neem they weren't they
- 6:04didn't then they they weren't neem.
- 6:06They didn't have food for the day.
- 6:07And they knew that once the once the fast is over, there's going
- 6:11to be a feast. Doesn't have to be lavish, but
- 6:14there has to be. They were expecting it.
- 6:16That was the custom. So therefore the whole TA anit
- 6:19shahluaam villanu. So therefore, if you have a
- 6:24shoaler at Seaboard, right, you can, it doesn't have to be every
- 6:28show, as long as the city and they work it out so that there
- 6:31is a place to go to. So it's saying if you'll say you
- 6:34have a whole city and everyone goes to show everyone Dobbins
- 6:38the whole day, then they go home and they eat and they go to
- 6:41sleep and they don't care for the onion.
- 6:44Cause the minog was that the onion were expecting food at the
- 6:47end of the fast. And now this city or this, this
- 6:52time they don't worry about it and they eat and they go to
- 6:55sleep. All the the people who have
- 6:57food. But then the poor starving
- 6:59people are left outside expecting food and there's no
- 7:02food anywhere in the city for them.
- 7:05So then the Sedaka la onion and they don't give them.
- 7:12So since it was expected and that was the custom, those who
- 7:15do not give food for the poor, they are like murderers.
- 7:20Ahmed Devari Memoriam, what are we talking about?
- 7:24That's if he didn't put out some some bread and vegetables that
- 7:31doesn't even cost that much. Just some be part of chillent
- 7:34doesn't cost much at all of all IME.
- 7:40Oh hakhi team. But if they were late, they
- 7:42didn't pass out cash and they didn't pass out wheat, you know,
- 7:47flour or wheat kernels. So that's not ready to eat right
- 7:49now. So then enam Keshokh Fei dummy,
- 7:53because it's that's not there's no requirement to give them
- 7:58Dafka food on a mosse Tainus means to get food for later,
- 8:05right, cash and and wheat kernels.
- 8:08It's not going to help them for tonight when they're hungry.
- 8:10It's going to take them a day or two to get food from that.
- 8:13So that is not Koshov Khedamim. They nobody was expecting that.
- 8:17Apparently there was they also, Oh, I don't know.
- 8:19It could be they also gave them money.
- 8:21It depends on the custom. I I don't know for sure, but
- 8:23that's not what they were expecting and therefore there's
- 8:25no problem. It's for people who are
- 8:27expecting it and they're starving.
- 8:29OK Gilmore have Koopa Ena niqbet the pakhot mishchnein collecting
- 8:34sedaka This is basic. This is pretty much by force
- 8:38Shane osseem serora alat sibor bin mamon the pakhot mishnayin
- 8:43there's Allah is there's no khazal.
- 8:47We don't give any power of force to single individuals.
- 8:52They basin can appoint 2 people or more to use force on other to
- 8:59coerce or force other people. Hey, we learned that when once
- 9:04it gets established that a person has to pay a certain
- 9:07amount and they they don't and the deadline passes right The
- 9:13the Bach Oracle points out we're not talking about like a same
- 9:16day decision, but we're talking about they were told you have to
- 9:19pay comes the deadline. Then we learned before in racial
- 9:23and correct, they're allowed to Mamashguni and they're allowed
- 9:25to go into their property and take a moshkon, an item until
- 9:31they paid the cash. I believe they can take cash as
- 9:34well, but they can even take a moshkon and even on air of
- 9:38Shabbos if that's when it was when they're busy, right?
- 9:41They they can't say, oh, I'm busy with air of Shabbos
- 9:44preparations. No, they can go in and take, but
- 9:47this is only because they have two people and it's mutter Avala
- 9:53Akash and nibet. Once they collect and the force
- 9:56is done, then Ekhad Neman Al Leah Liott Gisbach.
- 10:01So you only need one guy who can, who is in charge of the
- 10:04money. One guy can be dealing with it.
- 10:07That's fine. OK.
- 10:09And you can have two brothers. There's no problem.
- 10:17All right, The relatives. This is not a din of of.
- 10:21So it's not a basin issue over here.
- 10:23The Aina meet or Ada's issue. But that holds the money.
- 10:26The guy who's holding the money. Yeah.
- 10:29The Aina meet. Khalekat.
- 10:31Ella Bishlocha. Now, when you go to the houses
- 10:34to start giving out Sedaka, you need at least three.
- 10:39No less than 3. Ella Bishoja.
- 10:41Le Fischiihi kid DNA mamanos. The ayan.
- 10:44I'll call Ani the Ani Kamara Liten low because when they went
- 10:48from house to house, they would reassess every time.
- 10:51I mean, depending on the situation and anytime you're
- 10:54doing an assessment, an evaluation, how much can a
- 10:58person receive a need? So then it's a that's a, that's
- 11:02a din that's, that's a bit mishpat issue.
- 11:04And we don't do a act as it's a, you know, they're acting for the
- 11:09Bayes din act as a Bayes din to make this determination.
- 11:13And we don't do any kind of based in actions with less than
- 11:173 individuals, 3 people. So therefore, that needs 3 to
- 11:21pass out. And it depends on what the
- 11:26situation is. If they're not making any kind
- 11:28of a Ding and they're just a Michelov, it's a delivery
- 11:31service. That's not what we're talking
- 11:33about. That's not a problem.
- 11:34You can have one person do that. The only time you need 3 is if
- 11:38they're making assessments. OK, the Tamaklay Kamosha MIT
- 11:43Colette Michelosha kach Ena niqva ELO vishlo shella fische
- 11:47Eno dovar katsu. So collect.
- 11:54It also depends when they take or get.
- 11:58If you're taking and you're reassessing every time you take,
- 12:01then you also need three. If you're just if it's already
- 12:04been accounted for, the Tom clue is a daily thing and they might
- 12:08need to reassess every day. But if you're a coupa and it's
- 12:13weekly or monthly or yearly, you know assumed it was done in
- 12:17advance. Basically anytime you're doing
- 12:19an assessment when you're going to collect or take or give out,
- 12:24then you need 3. Anytime you're you're using
- 12:27force to take you need 2 and just to hold the money or to be
- 12:32a delivery service. So then one, one is enough.
- 12:36Yeah, you're one person is a is one person.
- 12:39We're going to see this in a moment or later today, tomorrow
- 12:43and Eid Ekhad is now going to be Sunni and one person is 100%
- 12:46trustworthy. And we don't worry that one guy
- 12:49is stealing and playing around. Now I'll just point out I'm not
- 12:54I can't tell you Allah Kalamaisa, but I can tell you
- 12:57that the base Yosef and Reish Ananvag Gimo and then arrocha
- 13:02Shokhan R.E.M. Reishman khat good Gimel.
- 13:05So they say. Nowadays we don't do any.
- 13:08We don't take money by force, we don't go.
- 13:10It's not the Minogue. There are, Khashoghan says.
- 13:13We don't have power to go from house to house and pull out
- 13:17money and possessions. I don't know, Graciosa says.
- 13:21We just don't. I don't know.
- 13:24OK. Dalit Tamhui, Nikbe bakoyo.
- 13:29So the Tamhui is collected every day, right?
- 13:31It's a daily thing, we said via coupa.
- 13:33Me air of Chavez air of Chavez it's weekly and from era Chavez
- 13:37to era Chavez. So oumkoi la aniye olam VE a
- 13:39kupa Leni OTA. Now the funds that's under the
- 13:44kupa that's only collected for and given out to the anium of
- 13:50the city. That's what the fund is for the
- 13:53Tamkoi is because you're worried about strangers.
- 13:55You don't know who they are. So it's a daily thing.
- 13:57It's not that much money we're talking about anyway and if they
- 14:00say we're hungry so it's not a big issue.
- 14:03OK, so that's again, every every fund is what it is.
- 14:10The tamkhi and the koopas based on the minute of you know, from
- 14:15from a long time ago. And every city can adjust and
- 14:19make their own rules, more or less.
- 14:22Rashaim and Rashaim, Binet Haier Rashaim, they're allowed to the
- 14:26Binet Haier lasat koopa tamkhi. There are a lot of make right.
- 14:32That's what we just said. They can make a coupon to a Tam
- 14:35Koi, the Tam koi into a Koopa Relishinota and the coma
- 14:38Shahirtsu and they can change the funds, the money that's
- 14:41collected because it's they're the ones who are given in
- 14:45charge. It was when the money's given,
- 14:47we're going to see it's depends. But generally speaking, the
- 14:50money that's given to the Gavai Sedaka, it's given on their Das
- 14:54to do with what they think as appropriate.
- 14:58And so they can take funds from one fund to another, from one
- 15:03purpose to another, right meets Orcheed Sibor as long as Kolma
- 15:07Shiurtu meets Orcheed Sibor, as long as it's for Sarkheed Sibor
- 15:11and for some kind of good Sedaka cause the Alpha Peace, Lahiti
- 15:15Nouquin, the Shah, Chicago, even though they took the money from
- 15:18the people and there was no discussion, there's no, no one
- 15:22said anything. They just took the money.
- 15:23They knew it was for Sidaka imaya and so imayabe Medina
- 15:27hakamgado chaco gobi maldalto E halekwani entefima shira arreza
- 15:33Yahoo ishinoto la coma shira lo mitzer ET sibor.
- 15:38So just like the goodbye, Sidaka can do whatever they want when
- 15:41they give it to a Hakamgado who also has jurisdiction for for
- 15:49for more than their city. If you're having a in charge of
- 15:54the whole state or the whole country.
- 15:55So you know he's going to take care of each city appropriately
- 16:01according to the Anis anim's needs.
- 16:04And so therefore when you give it to him, you trust him.
- 16:07He's going to do Kamala shits like he needs to do like he
- 16:09should do, and he's able. And therefore he has the rights
- 16:12to do as he pleases. When you give it to the Gabi in
- 16:20charge of the city, The Who had been Biyaki cheats Nadev, it's
- 16:25sadaqa. So too, when you have an
- 16:26individual, he donates money, then that's not a goodbye.
- 16:29He gives it to a Gabi, right? Any individual goes up to any
- 16:33Gabi. So that's the same idea that now
- 16:35the Gabi has a leeway to do as he pleases.
- 16:39Ava in Mina the Atsma Gabi in Now let's say a person is
- 16:46wealthy and he has a person or a couple people who manage his
- 16:51Sedaka form. Not uncommon for people who have
- 16:55they donate a lot of money and so they give it to their person
- 16:58in charge of giving out their money as they please.
- 17:01So when they give it to their person, the Gabi hair has no
- 17:07right to do what he wants because it's still in the
- 17:10person's personal jurisdiction. It's in his personal gabai
- 17:16sidatha, so the Gabai of the city has no rights to mess or
- 17:21meddle with what it's used for. So let's keep reading Delo al da
- 17:26tamik nadev. He didn't give the money for the
- 17:29das of what the Gabai the ear wants to use it for of the city.
- 17:33He gave it for who want his own person or is in charge of giving
- 17:39out based on what he wants to Mahaling Piresh Anotein
- 17:42Villanmarshini Ola Anni Paloni or so to when you any individual
- 17:48at does give Sidaka to the Gabai City shul.
- 17:54Whatever he says. This money is for this purpose.
- 17:57It's for these poor people. It's for this onion and he gives
- 18:01his name. So then a Lahan Lashaunot he's
- 18:05not allowed to to switch certainly if it's for Annim.
- 18:11OK, maybe it if it's for a certain purpose, maybe it, they
- 18:17are allowed to switch. OK, But if it's for the poor
- 18:21people or a particular poor person, then he's for sure not
- 18:25allowed to switch. Because when you say that and
- 18:29you give it, when you give it to the Gabe of the Ear, and you say
- 18:32it's for this person or for the poor people, as soon as the Gabe
- 18:35ear takes the money, it's as if it enters the hands of the
- 18:39anime, the poor people. So therefore it can't be
- 18:42switched anymore. So then you're not allowed to
- 18:48take it because it was designated for people, poor
- 18:52people. Then it's as if they got it
- 18:54already. And so now it's no longer in the
- 18:56hands of the Gabe Tadak. Then you can't switch it from
- 18:58one fund to another. Yeah, there's no difference.
- 19:00If you want to, you can't switch it to the top thing because you
- 19:03can't switch it. It's not yours to switch.
- 19:06It's already owned by the anime Vinay Haeer Shiminu, right?
- 19:09That if that was the case, if he designated for these anime, if
- 19:13you designated for a particular Sedaka purpose, I think you
- 19:16could switch it, right? You could switch from one to
- 19:20another. Anime's thumb also goes to the
- 19:23anime. OK, fine.
- 19:27Vinay Haeer Shiminu Gabai Vinifer de Chavila Viniferdu
- 19:30Zemiser. Now, let's say the city appoints
- 19:33Adabai Sedaka for the city, and then they have a full fallout
- 19:39and they realize they want to go their own separate ways.
- 19:41This is not working for whatever reason.
- 19:44But I the difference is a reason we are dying.
- 19:47Sedaka. We had a goodbye, but the Gabi
- 19:50Sedaka was collecting money. And in the middle of them
- 19:53collecting. It's always going to happen like
- 19:54this. Yeah, Chimat always.
- 19:56He has money in his pocket. And then there's a little
- 19:58problem, a little fight between them, and they say this is not
- 20:00working. But right now he's holding the
- 20:02money that he's been collecting for the past days or weeks,
- 20:05whatever it is. So now and and he has the money
- 20:08in his pocket. So what what happens?
- 20:10Imayara should be out of Gabbai, but he will ask Mashi Yurtze.
- 20:14I'm not tell you I said Mashi Yurtze.
- 20:16We say like this. If the Gabbai Sedaka, they
- 20:21appointed him to raise money and give out money and he does not
- 20:26need or he doesn't consult with them every time he gives out the
- 20:30money, he's given a job and the job is collect and give out.
- 20:34And there's not supposed to be this discussion every day when
- 20:38he collects, who does he give to?
- 20:40They don't want to be bothered with it either.
- 20:41They want him to take care of everything.
- 20:43So then whatever is in his pocket, he continues to give out
- 20:47as as needed. But if every time he collects, I
- 20:54don't know, they have a weekly meeting, he's not allowed to
- 20:56give out the money until they discuss again who they're going
- 20:59to give to. So, so to now, they're not
- 21:02allowed. He's not allowed to give out the
- 21:04money without their permission. You should just give it to them
- 21:07to give out. What happens if they're not
- 21:14talking terms anymore? They're not talking, they're
- 21:17really upset at each other and they're not going to discuss it.
- 21:20So then, and they can't agree what to do.
- 21:25So then, yeah, I said goodbye, Mashi, it's goodbye, she has
- 21:29said about the bar mitzvah. So if they can't work it out and
- 21:33they're not talking terms, yeah, he's holding the money.
- 21:36So he gives out the money accordingly to how he sees fit.
- 21:41Just has to make sure it's for its seductive fund.
- 21:43OK, let's do one more. Hey, Michiyasha Medina, Shlo
- 21:48Shimyomo, Kofi Noto, a person that's been in the city for 30
- 21:52days. He moves into a city, he's
- 21:53living there for 30 days. So now we force him to chip in
- 21:58like he's part of the city. Letainstucca la Kupa.
- 22:01As long as he's visiting for at least 30 days now, he becomes
- 22:05obligated in participating, donating towards this weekly
- 22:08kupa. Even Binaya Medina like
- 22:11everybody else, Yashasham Shlo Shakodashim once he's there for
- 22:14three months, Kofi Natalie taking the Tamkoi.
- 22:17Now we force him to pay into this daily Tamkoi.
- 22:20Yashasham Shishakodashim, once he's there for six months, Kofi
- 22:25Natalie taking slack of a suit, Shima Khasimba and Yahir, if
- 22:28he's there for six months, then he's obligated to give to join
- 22:32the funds to contribute towards like everybody else, towards
- 22:36clothing for the like everybody else.
- 22:39Yasha Shamtisha Kodashian once he's there for nine months,
- 22:42Kofi. So then he has to chip in for
- 22:49the Khavra Kadisha. And nowadays I think they do
- 22:51well, but it depends on the situation and right they need to
- 22:56collect for the Khavra Kadisha. Then after nine months,
- 23:01whatever's needed, we're talking about a person who says I'm
- 23:06coming to visit and I'm not coming here permanently.
- 23:10I'm leaving after a week or after a few months, whatever it
- 23:13is, fine. But if he's planning to, he
- 23:17moves in there, he's not. He's planning to stay there for
- 23:20good. So then Kofino told me.
- 23:23So then that's immediate. Whenever you have a new city
- 23:27being formed. The assumption is if people are
- 23:30moving into this brand new city, they're not travelling, they're
- 23:33not just visiting for a few weeks or a month because they
- 23:36wouldn't go to this brand new city.
- 23:38It's not easy to live in a brand new city with all the dust and
- 23:41construction going on and lack of resources.
- 23:44So you wouldn't. So therefore, again, it depends
- 23:47on the situation, depends on them and see us.
- 23:49But then, right, if we're assuming you're there, it's for
- 23:52good, then Kofi, Intel, Miyaad, Vyesh, Omrim, the Bisman, Azem,
- 23:56Mishary, Mako, Mako, Bislosa, Yom and the Minagas.
- 24:02Some say for everything we go by 3030 days.