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A Ridiculous History of "Fad Diets" · Ridiculous History

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  Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of iHeartRadio. Welcome back to
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  Speaker 1: the show, fellow Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as always so
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  Speaker 1: much for tuning in. Let's hear it for our guest
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  Speaker 1: super producer, Dylan the Chainsaw Fago.
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  Speaker 2: Dylan.
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  Speaker 3: Yeah, you like that. Dylan is anything.
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  Speaker 4: injured hand. Is that chainsaw relating?
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  Speaker 2: Dylan? Do you want to hop on? I can and
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  Speaker 2: talk about that. It's okay If not.
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  Speaker 1: Uh.
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  Speaker 3: Yeah, I was trying to cut down a tree on
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  Speaker 3: the fourth of July and cut into my hand. God,
• 1:08
  Speaker 3: but I'm gonna be okay. You didn't lose any fingies, right, No,
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  Speaker 3: I no feeling, and you know I was headed to
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  Speaker 3: the emergency room yelling, am I gonna be able to
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  Speaker 3: play guitar? Jesus? This is so stressful? Oh my god,
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  Speaker 3: I'm so glad you're okay.
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  Speaker 4: That is, as a fellow guitarist, not nearly as good
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  Speaker 4: as you.
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  Speaker 3: I understand the terror.
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  Speaker 1: There and I'm bringing this up here because we are
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  Speaker 1: note imagine if you will, a guy who looks like
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  Speaker 1: he absolutely can mop up in a fight. Dylan's got
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  Speaker 1: this really cool bandage around. Yeah, just so that's Nold Brown.
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  Speaker 1: They called me Ben Bullen.
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  Speaker 2: Oh.
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  Speaker 1: Today we are exploring something that is controversial for a
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  Speaker 1: lot of reasons. For a lot of people. It's something
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  Speaker 1: called the fad diet.
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  Speaker 4: Yeah for sure, if anyone is uh, I swear when
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  Speaker 4: I was reading through this incredible research brief brought to
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  Speaker 4: us by research associated extraordinary wren Fest Jones the best,
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  Speaker 4: by the way. We love her work so much. I
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  Speaker 4: couldn't help but think of the movie A Cure for Wellness.
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  Speaker 3: Do you remember this film?
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  Speaker 2: Yeah?
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  Speaker 3: Me a god, I do.
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  Speaker 4: Sort of a very love craft very lovecrafting and play
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  Speaker 4: on the works of John Harvey Kellogg.
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  Speaker 3: And another film reminds me of wait, what was it? Something? Wellsville.
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  Speaker 4: Two Tickets to Wellsville is about like yogurt and eemas
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  Speaker 4: and stuff, but obviously.
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  Speaker 1: Sanitarium like health health health camps essentially not all the
• 2:48
  Speaker 1: time consensual and oftentimes not based on what we would
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  Speaker 1: consider real science.
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  Speaker 3: Oh not at all.
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  Speaker 4: And like you know, certainly we had controversial versions of
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  Speaker 4: this well into these and two thousands, even pejoratively often
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  Speaker 4: called fat camps, you know, as a as a you know,
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  Speaker 4: a bigger bone fellow, I personally take issue with that.
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  Speaker 4: But yeah, we are talking about fad diets today and
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  Speaker 4: it goes back a lot farther than you might think,
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  Speaker 4: or maybe exactly as far as you might think, depending
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  Speaker 4: The word diet is actually derived from the Greek word diatya, which,
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  Speaker 4: according to Louise Foxcroft from BBC Magazine, described a whole
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  Speaker 4: way of life. Dieting back then was about all around
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  Speaker 4: mental and physical health.
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  Speaker 2: I like that.
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  Speaker 3: That's a very progressive form of the idea of a
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  Speaker 3: balanced diet, you know, referring.
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  Speaker 1: To a lifestyle choice. It's holistic, it's grishtaltic, right. It
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  Speaker 1: encounters things like not just ingestion and expenditure of calorie,
• 3:48
  Speaker 1: but also mental wellness, also community connection. This think of
• 3:55
  Speaker 1: it more like a rechedus at this point, a well
• 3:58
  Speaker 1: lived life and how to define and pursue such The
• 4:02
  Speaker 1: original point of what we would loosely call diet in
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  Speaker 1: the days of the Greeks was getting a hold of
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  Speaker 1: a greater good for your body as a as a
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  Speaker 1: huge organism and your function in a larger society. But
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  Speaker 1: now the word diet is used everywhere.
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  Speaker 2: Diet coke, right.
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  Speaker 1: I swear I distinctly remember this, maybe the mandala effect,
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  Speaker 1: but I distinctly remember seeing something called diet bacon and thinking, now,
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  Speaker 1: I don't know about.
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  Speaker 3: That, maybe fake and bacon.
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  Speaker 4: There's certainly that, like the vegan bacon and all of that,
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  Speaker 4: but even a lot of those meatless substitutes are super
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  Speaker 4: carbi and not necessarily like one hundred percent better for
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  Speaker 4: you calorically speaking, I guess if you're going from non
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  Speaker 4: meat thing, they definitely fit the bill. I was just
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  Speaker 4: thinking about the Greeks and the wellness thing, and then
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  Speaker 4: the films that I was talking about, and I think
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  Speaker 4: I just tried googling Greek enemas and I got a
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  Speaker 4: whole bunch of results for Greek animals. So I don't know,
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  Speaker 4: Greek anemas was as much of a thing.
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  Speaker 2: As you get to put the quotation marks around.
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  Speaker 3: I might have misspelledious.
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  Speaker 4: I spelled it like maybe a little more like Onoma,
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  Speaker 4: like the Tool album, and all right, yeah.
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  Speaker 1: But I mean, so we're asking a real good question here, Noel.
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  Speaker 1: The question is when did this switch? When did the
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  Speaker 1: use of the word diet or dietas, When did it
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  Speaker 1: transform into what we use the word for in the
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  Speaker 1: modern day. As Red points out, we can put a
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  Speaker 1: lot of the switch here on the Victorians. The Victorian era,
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  Speaker 1: they didn't have Instagram to you know, hold influencers pedaling
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  Speaker 1: diet teas or laxatives. Louis Armstrong by the way, big
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  Speaker 1: fan of laxatives or weight loss. But they did have
• 6:00
  Speaker 1: a phenomenal breakthrough in technology, the steam powered printing press,
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  Speaker 1: which meant that a lot more people had the opportunity
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  Speaker 1: to read. Also, they did not have maybe the necessary
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  Speaker 1: critical thinking skills to evaluate the mallarchy from the truth archy,
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  Speaker 1: the malarkey from the proarchy.
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  Speaker 4: We certainly this technology helped to aid some folks in
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  Speaker 4: disseminating their quack diets, you know, in the form of
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  Speaker 4: pamphlets or booklets. So why don't we jump right in
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  Speaker 4: There is a fellow before Atkins became kind of synonymous
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  Speaker 4: with dieting, or Jenny Craig.
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  Speaker 3: If people you know of a certain age, remember that.
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  Speaker 4: Low carb tortillas, things like that diet everything, which does seem,
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  Speaker 4: by the way I was going to point out, it
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  Speaker 4: seems to be being leaned away from a bit. We've
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  Speaker 4: got your coke zeros now and the word diet. Certainly
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  Speaker 4: there's the legacy diet coke. They're never going to get
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  Speaker 4: rid of that, but they don't promote it, right, it
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  Speaker 4: just sort of exists. Diet mountain dew not always available,
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  Speaker 4: but like coke zero, they've actually promoted. We've got a
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  Speaker 4: guy by the name of William Bant who in his
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  Speaker 4: eighteen sixty three book letter on Corpulence, You're gonna have
• 7:17
  Speaker 4: to help me out with corpulence bend because I always
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  Speaker 4: think of like a.
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  Speaker 3: Corpse, but what corpuscles? What is corpulence?
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  Speaker 2: Ob city?
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  Speaker 3: Oh okay, oh okay, gob city got it.
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  Speaker 4: He lays out a diet plan that really worked for
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  Speaker 4: him anyway, to the point where he felt like he
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  Speaker 4: wanted to spread the word. He was so popular that
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  Speaker 4: the word Bant, or that his name shortened to Bant,
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  Speaker 4: became a verb for dieting.
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  Speaker 3: You know, to bant was to diets.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, And this occurs in Oxford English Dictionary. It stays
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  Speaker 1: there from the late eighteen hundreds all the way to
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  Speaker 1: nineteen sixty three. You might say, for example, someone gives
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  Speaker 1: you a good tiramasu or crazy eighteen hundreds dessert and
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  Speaker 1: you say, ah, thanks, but you know, I appreciate it.
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  Speaker 1: I'm banting right now, And that would be the way
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  Speaker 1: you would that would be deployed, the same way you
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  Speaker 1: would say, I'm on a diet right now, like no
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  Speaker 1: sugar for me. It's eighteen sixty two and bant is
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  Speaker 1: He's about five feet five inches tall. He weighs two
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  Speaker 1: hundred and two pounds, which is a pretty noticeable metric
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  Speaker 1: for his part of the world at this time in history.
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  Speaker 1: And his height, yes, yeah, and his heightened right, So
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  Speaker 1: the metrics combined ed. He is experiencing joint pain. He's
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  Speaker 1: not having a great time at field days or at sport.
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  Speaker 1: And he says he has that what we will call it, Dylan,
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  Speaker 1: and I will call it in East Tennessee it come
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  Speaker 1: to Jesus more. You may have the same statements in augusta.
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  Speaker 3: Uh.
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  Speaker 1: He says, Look, I've got to make a difference. Let
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  Speaker 1: me see how I can improve myself. And he looks
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  Speaker 1: at the current improvement propositions or regimens of the day,
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  Speaker 1: things like going to a Turkish bathhouse, going to a
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  Speaker 1: sweaty spa, doing a lot of jumping jacks, rigorous calisthetics,
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  Speaker 1: and he says, look, this is just making me hungrier.
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  Speaker 1: I want to consume more calories. Add to this, the
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  Speaker 1: poor guy has some other health problems. He's losing his hearing,
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  Speaker 1: and eventually his doctor tells him something crazy. The guy
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  Speaker 1: he pays the look at his ears, says, you know what, man,
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  Speaker 1: there is a correlation between your weight and your problems
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  Speaker 1: with his hearing. This is where we meet that your
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  Speaker 1: doctor himself, William Harvey.
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  Speaker 4: Harvey suggested to Bant that he cut out certain foods
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  Speaker 4: carbi stuff, fatty stuff, lactose stuff, bread, butter, milk, sugar, beer,
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  Speaker 4: and potatoes, and recommended that he live on animal proteins,
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  Speaker 4: fruits and non starchy vegetables. Funny thing, this is definitely
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  Speaker 4: still a popular choice, you know, for certain types of
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  Speaker 4: diets today. I mean, it definitely works, whether or not
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  Speaker 4: your anti meat, animal protein or not. This is something
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  Speaker 4: that is in many ways in certain schools of thought,
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  Speaker 4: still suggested and can be very effective. Although Bant was
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  Speaker 4: allowed no beer, but he could have up to six
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  Speaker 4: glasses of red wine or sherry a day on this diet,
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  Speaker 4: and Red points out that this well exceeds the Center
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  Speaker 4: for Disease Controls current metrics for heavy drinking Champagne and beer.
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  Speaker 4: Of course we're off limits because of how sugar they are,
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  Speaker 4: and red wine and I believe tequila are still something
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  Speaker 4: that are allowable in things like the Keto diet.
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  Speaker 3: This was really working for man.
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  Speaker 4: He lost a pound a week on this diet and
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  Speaker 4: his joint pain started to subside and miraculously surprising, I
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  Speaker 4: think to even us in the modern day.
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  Speaker 3: Here his hearing came back.
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  Speaker 1: Interesting, and let's step back here for a second, because
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  Speaker 1: the correlation, the inspiration from the year doctor William Harvey
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  Speaker 1: comes from not just him picking up vibes or improvising. Instead,
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  Speaker 1: Doc Harvey here had been experimenting on sugar intake in canines,
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  Speaker 1: and he did so because he believed there was a
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  Speaker 1: link between glycogen that comes from your liver and hearing
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  Speaker 1: loss and diabetes, or as Mac and south Park like
• 11:55
  Speaker 1: to say, diabetes. So as you're saying no, this guy
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  Speaker 1: is not just losing a pound a week on cutting
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  Speaker 1: out sugar. Essentially, he is also getting his hearing back.
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  Speaker 1: It's a whole new world. He wants to communicate this success.
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  Speaker 1: He publishes the first two versions of his book, weirdly
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  Speaker 1: called Letters on Corpulence. He distributes them to the public.
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  Speaker 1: He's not charging anyone. It's not about the money, it's
• 12:26
  Speaker 1: about the message. He starts to make a little bit
• 12:30
  Speaker 1: of profit on the third edition of this work, and
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  Speaker 1: it is only in that third edition that he gives
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  Speaker 1: his ear doctor Harvey credit for his contribution. With that
• 12:44
  Speaker 1: being said, Oh, we should have put this at the front.
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  Speaker 1: None of this is medical advice. Oh absolutely, none of this.
• 12:51
  Speaker 1: You're going to hear a lot of terrible ideas as
• 12:53
  Speaker 1: a matter for sure.
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  Speaker 4: Yeah, I think we set that up pretty well at
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  Speaker 4: the top. Speaking of terrible ideas, how about ingesting paris,
• 13:01
  Speaker 4: you know for funzies. This is some cure for wellness
• 13:04
  Speaker 4: type stuff. I believe there were leeches in that. There
• 13:07
  Speaker 4: is another film that takes place during the Victorian era
• 13:11
  Speaker 4: that's very recent called The Ugly step Sister, and it
• 13:15
  Speaker 4: is apparently like a really macabre, fractured fairy tale version
• 13:19
  Speaker 4: of I want to say Cinderella that I believe that's
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  Speaker 4: the one with the evil stepsisters, but it has a
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  Speaker 4: plot point that involves ingesting a tapeworm.
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  Speaker 1: Tapeworms an old enemy of the humans and other living organisms.
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  Speaker 1: So let's say you're in the Victorian era. You don't
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  Speaker 1: quite have the wherewithal to control sugar intake. You may
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  Speaker 1: not have the privilege of choosing what you want to eat,
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  Speaker 1: but you can swallow the egg of a tapeworm derived
• 13:58
  Speaker 1: from a cow in pill four. And the hope here
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  Speaker 1: is that most of the tapeworms are going to die
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  Speaker 1: in your stomach acid. That's just the nature of attrition.
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  Speaker 1: But what if one of these tapeworms makes it through
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  Speaker 1: your bubbling guts of your stomach acid and reaches your intestines,
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  Speaker 1: reaches maturity, and then it starts to absorb some percentage
• 14:25
  Speaker 1: of the food nutrients and calories you ingest. This means
• 14:30
  Speaker 1: that you get that theoretically, this is their pitch. This
• 14:34
  Speaker 1: means that you can eat whatever you want and you
• 14:37
  Speaker 1: will not gain weight.
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  Speaker 3: But there's a big problem.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, yeah, yeah, Okay, So first catch most cases,
• 14:47
  Speaker 1: the eggs in those little Victorian era pills. First, they're
• 14:52
  Speaker 1: hard to swallow. Pill technology is not what it is today.
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  Speaker 1: But also they're dead eggs.
• 15:00
  Speaker 4: Their dead egg so it would be like a placebo
• 15:01
  Speaker 4: effect situation and or just a nasty tummy egg.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, and that's still not the worst catch. The worst
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  Speaker 1: catch is if it works. If a tapeworm egg is alive,
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  Speaker 1: does survive stomach acid, and the ingestion process makes it
• 15:18
  Speaker 1: to the human intestine, it can live for decades and decades.
• 15:24
  Speaker 1: Unlike some other parasites, this is not a short lived
• 15:28
  Speaker 1: parasitic cycle. They can also grow to be up to
• 15:32
  Speaker 1: thirty feet long. They can get this. Folks reproduce without
• 15:37
  Speaker 1: a partner, so the one egg that makes it through
• 15:41
  Speaker 1: to human intestines can build its own Brady bunch inside you.
• 15:47
  Speaker 1: This can lead to of course, massive hilarious diarrhea, brain swelling, dementia.
• 15:53
  Speaker 1: You're gonna be throwing out, You're gonna have seats.
• 15:55
  Speaker 4: You imagine the pharmaceutical TV commercial for tapeworms. Like in
• 15:59
  Speaker 4: all of this side effects that are rattled off at
• 16:01
  Speaker 4: the end, you kind of you started the list just now. Man,
• 16:04
  Speaker 4: not to get off track here, but someone pointed out
• 16:07
  Speaker 4: to me, we're talking a lot on our other show stuff
• 16:09
  Speaker 4: that I want you to know about the advent of
• 16:11
  Speaker 4: AI and machine learning and all of that and how
• 16:13
  Speaker 4: it affects culture, et cetera. Somebody pointed out that the
• 16:18
  Speaker 4: first kind of company that is just strictly going to
• 16:21
  Speaker 4: generate purely AI commercials will be pharmaceuticals, because those commercials,
• 16:26
  Speaker 4: for all intents and purposes already look vaguely AI and
• 16:30
  Speaker 4: or stock footage driven.
• 16:32
  Speaker 3: You know what I mean. They're just so blaz.
• 16:35
  Speaker 1: Yeah, and they're illegal in all countries except for New
• 16:39
  Speaker 1: Zealand and the United States.
• 16:41
  Speaker 3: What's up New Zealand? I mean the United States. I
• 16:43
  Speaker 3: get it, but I thought New Zealand was better than that.
• 16:46
  Speaker 1: We thought, Yeah, we're not angry, you guys, We're confused
• 16:49
  Speaker 1: and a little disappointed. Also shout out to one of
• 16:52
  Speaker 1: the best shows on television ever in the West, Always
• 16:56
  Speaker 1: Sunny in Philadelphia. There is an episode where in the
• 16:59
  Speaker 1: care arc or Frank Reynolds does ingest a tapeworm through
• 17:04
  Speaker 1: fecal transplant in order to in an attempt to lose weight.
• 17:09
  Speaker 1: This is based on reality because you can still buy
• 17:13
  Speaker 1: tapeworm diet approaches on the dark web today. This we
• 17:19
  Speaker 1: can't crazy this, This next statement we can consider medical advice.
• 17:24
  Speaker 2: Hear us don't do These folks don't do it, just can't.
• 17:28
  Speaker 1: We can't advocate for stuff. But I feel like we
• 17:33
  Speaker 1: can tell you what you should not do, right, I.
• 17:36
  Speaker 4: Think we can suggest very strongly that you not ingest
• 17:40
  Speaker 4: parasites on purpose. I think we're safe and well within
• 17:44
  Speaker 4: our expertise as human.
• 17:45
  Speaker 3: People to offer that bit of advice.
• 17:47
  Speaker 2: Yes, yeah, but what if you just sweat it out?
• 17:51
  Speaker 4: Well, that's worse too. I mean that's just losing water weights, right, like,
• 17:54
  Speaker 4: I mean it's right, well, sure, schmitz or whatever as
• 17:57
  Speaker 4: they call it in the Sopranos culture. Can be a
• 18:01
  Speaker 4: nice way to relax after a heavy workout, can be
• 18:05
  Speaker 4: a nice way to loosen the muscles and relax the
• 18:08
  Speaker 4: joints and things like that. But even people that do
• 18:12
  Speaker 4: it for weight loss purposes usually like to make weight,
• 18:14
  Speaker 4: you know, if you're a boxer or a wrestler or
• 18:17
  Speaker 4: something like that. But it is not long term. And
• 18:19
  Speaker 4: as someone who's been diving and doing a lot of
• 18:22
  Speaker 4: exercise stuff lately, my way fluctuates sometimes three pounds day
• 18:26
  Speaker 4: to day, depending on what time I weigh myself and
• 18:29
  Speaker 4: depending on how much water I've retained.
• 18:32
  Speaker 3: And that is absolutely a thing.
• 18:34
  Speaker 1: Yeah, And even being a night walker myself in these punishing,
• 18:39
  Speaker 1: perishing Georgia summers, I will lose weight at night, exactly,
• 18:45
  Speaker 1: worry some degree. And it's as we said, it's water weight.
• 18:50
  Speaker 1: Around the time in the Victorian era, our buddy Charles Goodyear,
• 18:55
  Speaker 1: who later would been associated with tires.
• 19:00
  Speaker 2: Yes, well, we.
• 19:02
  Speaker 4: Did an episode that research associated Jeff uh prepared for
• 19:06
  Speaker 4: us about the history of the Goodyear Tire Company, the
• 19:09
  Speaker 4: Goodyear Blimp and their weird staypuffed marshmallow tire man mascot Babendum,
• 19:16
  Speaker 4: who was for some.
• 19:17
  Speaker 1: Reason originally an unhinged alcohol totally.
• 19:21
  Speaker 4: Yeah, I think, which was smoking in some of those
• 19:24
  Speaker 4: Maybe I'm no, you're a base he because he's Bibendi.
• 19:30
  Speaker 2: Yeah, he's Babendi. Uh.
• 19:32
  Speaker 1: This is because Charles Goodyear is the guy credited with
• 19:37
  Speaker 1: discovering the process of vulcanization, which makes rubber more elastic
• 19:42
  Speaker 1: and pliobndy if yeah, yeah, babendi, if you treat it
• 19:46
  Speaker 1: with heat and sulfur, and this means that now you
• 19:48
  Speaker 1: can mold rubber into a variety of shapes. It makes
• 19:53
  Speaker 1: it more ductile, right, it means it won't snap when
• 19:57
  Speaker 1: you bebend it, especially in cold temperature, and so immediately
• 20:01
  Speaker 1: people attempt to capitalize on this, and they say, why
• 20:04
  Speaker 1: don't we make rubber underwear, why don't we make rubber corsets.
• 20:08
  Speaker 1: Now we know the internet is crazy, that's still.
• 20:11
  Speaker 3: Absolutely certain circles.
• 20:14
  Speaker 4: They are often referred to as kinky potties, and that's okay,
• 20:18
  Speaker 4: I'm not whatever, not kink shaming at all. It is
• 20:20
  Speaker 4: very much a subculture BDSM whatever you want to call it,
• 20:24
  Speaker 4: these types of share yeah, and also club culture and
• 20:27
  Speaker 4: very much a fashion choice. But not many people necessarily
• 20:31
  Speaker 4: wearing them for health reasons anymore.
• 20:33
  Speaker 1: Right right, right, yeah, And of course we're not gonna
• 20:37
  Speaker 1: yuck a yum. We are going to tell you that
• 20:39
  Speaker 1: the first rubber undergarments were not for any sort of
• 20:44
  Speaker 1: admitive or romantic pursuit. They were a diet craze because
• 20:50
  Speaker 1: the thought was, okay, they were kind of like spanks.
• 20:54
  Speaker 1: They would smooth out your excess body silhouette. But they
• 21:00
  Speaker 1: would also and this was seen as a big like
• 21:03
  Speaker 1: a big plus a value add this would make you
• 21:07
  Speaker 1: sweat your keyst off. And the idea was that you
• 21:11
  Speaker 1: sweat just like you're walking around in Atlanta's heat. You
• 21:16
  Speaker 1: would lose water weight. As we said, the pickle of
• 21:20
  Speaker 1: it is water weight is temporary.
• 21:24
  Speaker 4: Yeah, I mean, can you imagine the smell of those
• 21:27
  Speaker 4: sweated rubber garments?
• 21:30
  Speaker 2: Oh my gosh, who was not good?
• 21:32
  Speaker 3: Right?
• 21:33
  Speaker 4: You know what it makes me think of immediately when
• 21:34
  Speaker 4: I think of sweaty rubber garments is the original Batman
• 21:38
  Speaker 4: movie when he's walking through all those.
• 21:40
  Speaker 3: Flames in that clearly very rubber suit.
• 21:44
  Speaker 4: I mean he must have had what Wren describes here
• 21:47
  Speaker 4: as a full body swamp ass.
• 21:50
  Speaker 2: Yeah.
• 21:51
  Speaker 1: And the thing that, look, let's take some time as
• 21:54
  Speaker 1: fans of film, we're cinophiles, like folks, we hope you
• 21:57
  Speaker 1: are too. The biggest plot hole is and the Keaton
• 22:01
  Speaker 1: Batman franchise is that he cannot.
• 22:05
  Speaker 3: Turn his head. He had to turn his hole. Yeah,
• 22:09
  Speaker 3: he had to full torso pivot. Yeah.
• 22:12
  Speaker 4: And did you know that he was wearing like nikes
• 22:15
  Speaker 4: that those are special custom Nikes And if you look
• 22:18
  Speaker 4: at the screen used version of the suit, they're like
• 22:22
  Speaker 4: kind of you know, bespoke nikes, much like the auto lacing.
• 22:26
  Speaker 3: Shoes and Back to the Future too. Mm hmmmmm.
• 22:30
  Speaker 2: Nailed it. Uh.
• 22:31
  Speaker 1: Well, let's let's say this right. So we've explored the
• 22:34
  Speaker 1: idea of eliminating sugar, which actually does have some sand
• 22:38
  Speaker 1: to it. We've explored the faustian dangerous bargain of outsourcing
• 22:42
  Speaker 1: weight loss to parasites. We've talked about getting some gear
• 22:46
  Speaker 1: on you. But let's talk about this. What if you
• 22:50
  Speaker 1: take a queue from the health reformer Horace Fletcher, and
• 22:56
  Speaker 1: you say, ABC, we're not quoting Glenn Garrett Glynn Ross here,
• 23:01
  Speaker 1: not always be clothesy, always be chewing.
• 23:05
  Speaker 3: Yeah, I love this nickname.
• 23:06
  Speaker 4: This guy should have been a King of France or
• 23:08
  Speaker 4: something known as the Great Masticator, which means the great
• 23:13
  Speaker 4: chewer masticating. It's a great word. Horace Fletcher, like you said,
• 23:18
  Speaker 4: he was all about chewing. He thought that swallowing food
• 23:22
  Speaker 4: before it had been completely liquefied into some sort of
• 23:26
  Speaker 4: like slurry could result in poor health consequences, including obesity.
• 23:31
  Speaker 4: According to a fabulous podcast from Science History Institute, I'm
• 23:35
  Speaker 4: just gonna go ahead and quote what Wren pulled out
• 23:37
  Speaker 4: of this episode, but do check out their podcast. A
• 23:39
  Speaker 4: mouthful of bread might take a few dozen shoes to liquify,
• 23:43
  Speaker 4: but once with a green onion, it took Fletcher seven
• 23:46
  Speaker 4: hundred and twenty two shoes before he let himself swallow.
• 23:50
  Speaker 3: How many licks does it take to get to the
• 23:51
  Speaker 3: tutsiro center of a tutzerral pop?
• 23:54
  Speaker 2: It depends on how you want your poop.
• 23:56
  Speaker 4: Also true that they should have used that for the
• 23:59
  Speaker 4: ad campaign. One shoe per second, which is twelve straight
• 24:03
  Speaker 4: minutes of chewing or masticating.
• 24:06
  Speaker 1: Here's one for everybody with miss a photo. No, no, yeah,
• 24:11
  Speaker 1: we're not gonna do all twelve. We're not gonna do
• 24:13
  Speaker 1: seven two. Actually, I gotten a healthy conversation on a
• 24:18
  Speaker 1: plane about someone who refused to chew like a person anyway.
• 24:23
  Speaker 1: Obviously Fletcher bit myopic. He was too obsessed, right, Yeah,
• 24:29
  Speaker 1: bit pro chew. And he is very high fluting, very
• 24:34
  Speaker 1: dignified and proud about the results of his ingestion process.
• 24:40
  Speaker 1: He's a poop, goes into it, he says, shows it off. Yeah,
• 24:42
  Speaker 1: he parties. Yeah, he shows it off at parties. That
• 24:46
  Speaker 1: is a true story, folks. He also says, look, where's
• 24:50
  Speaker 1: the poop. My poop is the best evidence that my
• 24:54
  Speaker 1: diet is super efficient. I'm getting all the nutrients out
• 24:57
  Speaker 1: of it. And he mailed again a true tale. He
• 25:01
  Speaker 1: mailed a physiologist at Yale a box of his own
• 25:06
  Speaker 1: poop in hopes of proving his diet was a success. Now,
• 25:11
  Speaker 1: if we have a physiologist in the audience tonight, I
• 25:15
  Speaker 1: know we have several. You guys know when this didn't work, right?
• 25:18
  Speaker 1: We know you shouldn't just mail your mind.
• 25:20
  Speaker 3: No, you shouldn't.
• 25:21
  Speaker 2: You need to be asked before you mail.
• 25:24
  Speaker 4: That sounds like something Jared Leto would do, like as
• 25:27
  Speaker 4: a method acting, you know, technique in one of his
• 25:30
  Speaker 4: joker roles. Ben, are you familiar with this this German
• 25:36
  Speaker 4: design feature known as the flash spooler?
• 25:40
  Speaker 2: Yes, yeah, the poop proof.
• 25:42
  Speaker 4: It's apparently a little bit of an antiquated design, but
• 25:45
  Speaker 4: it can still be found in a lot of German bathrooms.
• 25:48
  Speaker 4: The function of the flash spooler, which translates roughly to
• 25:51
  Speaker 4: shallow flusher, is to prevent splashage, but also to give
• 25:57
  Speaker 4: a perfect little spot that might give you know, the
• 26:01
  Speaker 4: excretor the opportunity to examine their stool. I think that
• 26:05
  Speaker 4: our boy here would have been a big fan of
• 26:06
  Speaker 4: the flash spooler.
• 26:08
  Speaker 2: Of course. Yeah.
• 26:09
  Speaker 1: I remember the first few times I saw it, I
• 26:14
  Speaker 1: was mystified, but I thought it was a win in
• 26:16
  Speaker 1: rome situation, and you know, what am I going to
• 26:20
  Speaker 1: call the front desk and tell them to change their
• 26:22
  Speaker 1: culture change?
• 26:25
  Speaker 4: I think what we've both expressed our pro bidet stance.
• 26:28
  Speaker 4: And one thing, when we were traveling in the Middle East,
• 26:31
  Speaker 4: I noticed that is not the case in any other
• 26:33
  Speaker 4: country that I've ever been to, including Europe, where you'd
• 26:36
  Speaker 4: think it'd be a thing, But days in every public toilet,
• 26:39
  Speaker 4: but like handheld ones that are like attached to the
• 26:42
  Speaker 4: wall like a little little sprayer sprayer.
• 26:45
  Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, yeah, one hundred percent. This is part of
• 26:51
  Speaker 1: the great conversation right about cleanliness, about fat diets, about
• 26:57
  Speaker 1: efficiency of the human body. If we fast forward to
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: today's society, will see that there is a proliferation of
• 27:06
  Speaker 1: what we'll call over the counter or OTC weight loss medications,
• 27:12
  Speaker 1: not all created equally. Some have dubious claims, some are older,
• 27:18
  Speaker 1: some are basically amphetamines, and some are newly rolled out
• 27:24
  Speaker 1: things like what we call GLP once the most famous
• 27:28
  Speaker 1: of which would be ozembic.
• 27:30
  Speaker 3: Yeah for sure.
• 27:31
  Speaker 4: I mean it's a medication that has kind of been
• 27:33
  Speaker 4: repurposed to great effects and success for a lot of folks,
• 27:36
  Speaker 4: So no judgment there at all. I think it's kind
• 27:39
  Speaker 4: of a little bit odd the way culture is sort
• 27:41
  Speaker 4: of like poo pooing it when it's very much it
• 27:44
  Speaker 4: helps people, myself included. I've absolutely taken these in the
• 27:47
  Speaker 4: past and it helped me kind of get rid of
• 27:49
  Speaker 4: some of that food noise, which is the thing people
• 27:51
  Speaker 4: talk about that I've always struggled with some you know,
• 27:53
  Speaker 4: super positive about people using it correctly. The thing about
• 27:56
  Speaker 4: it is, though it's not a miracle drug. You while
• 27:59
  Speaker 4: some people do and I don't think this is the
• 28:01
  Speaker 4: right move, you really shouldn't just rely on it and
• 28:04
  Speaker 4: it alone. You really should pair it with like a
• 28:06
  Speaker 4: change in your diet, a change in your exercise regimens,
• 28:09
  Speaker 4: that whole lifestyle thing that we talked about, in order
• 28:12
  Speaker 4: to make sure that the weight stays off and to
• 28:15
  Speaker 4: help promote kind of healthy habits.
• 28:17
  Speaker 1: Yeah, it's not uncommon for one medication or substance to
• 28:24
  Speaker 1: be initially deployed for one condition and then to be monetized.
• 28:30
  Speaker 3: For different conditions off label.
• 28:32
  Speaker 2: Things sometimes off label.
• 28:34
  Speaker 1: Yeah, just so, I'm thinking, for instance, about the discovery
• 28:37
  Speaker 1: of viagra right, which is now most popularly known as
• 28:43
  Speaker 1: an erectile dysfunction medical it was.
• 28:45
  Speaker 3: Originally I don't think I know about this, Ben.
• 28:47
  Speaker 1: Yeah, I believe originally it was meant to address things
• 28:51
  Speaker 1: like hypertension.
• 28:54
  Speaker 3: Got it so, circulatory issues.
• 28:57
  Speaker 1: And then we must imagine, we're just ridiculous hit history
• 29:01
  Speaker 1: cinematic here. We must imagine that moment in a study
• 29:05
  Speaker 1: where all these heart patients were like, no, I'm great, yeah,
• 29:12
  Speaker 1: exactly what are you doing?
• 29:13
  Speaker 3: What is it a priapism?
• 29:17
  Speaker 2: Yes, yes, the two messens that continues to.
• 29:20
  Speaker 3: Yeah that's right.
• 29:21
  Speaker 4: Yeah, well in this case since it's a desired effect,
• 29:24
  Speaker 4: but absolutely true, Ben. This was also the case with
• 29:32
  Speaker 4: a lot of other kinds of drugs, like you said, Ben,
• 29:35
  Speaker 4: including some that were extremely addictive like methamphetamine, some that
• 29:40
  Speaker 4: were toxic, and in some cases, some that would outright
• 29:43
  Speaker 4: kill you.
• 29:44
  Speaker 3: This is in the thirties and through the sixties, by the.
• 29:46
  Speaker 1: Way, Yeah, yeah, absolutely so. GLP ones originally were supposed
• 29:51
  Speaker 1: to treat obesity and diabetes, and now they've entered their
• 29:54
  Speaker 1: second act. Back in the earlier days. Oh gosh, we
• 29:59
  Speaker 1: have a discussion about this on our sister show Stuff.
• 30:03
  Speaker 1: They don't want you to know how the Russians would
• 30:06
  Speaker 1: give heat pills to people that would keep you awake,
• 30:09
  Speaker 1: but if you took too many for too long they
• 30:12
  Speaker 1: would literally cook you anyway. Yeah, denotrophan, all amphetamine, rainbow pills,
• 30:20
  Speaker 1: these things were they were finding their true north of
• 30:24
  Speaker 1: use and abuse. Denotrophenol in specific was used to make
• 30:29
  Speaker 1: explosives during World War Two, and in nineteen thirty four,
• 30:35
  Speaker 1: after World War Two, it was sold as a weight
• 30:38
  Speaker 1: loss drug. Even pharmacologist at Stanford approved this. And all
• 30:44
  Speaker 1: this stuff did when you consumed it was to kick
• 30:49
  Speaker 1: your metabolism into overdrive, sort of like if you're listening
• 30:53
  Speaker 1: to a podcast played at regular speed and then you
• 30:56
  Speaker 1: hit that two X button. That's what it did to
• 30:59
  Speaker 1: people's tabitalisms. There were aggressive side effects excessive sweating, that
• 31:04
  Speaker 1: makes sense, right, increased body temperature, sure, but there were
• 31:08
  Speaker 1: other things like cataracts.
• 31:10
  Speaker 4: Can I also just double back really quickly on the
• 31:12
  Speaker 4: GLP one discussion. It does feel that there's some similarities
• 31:16
  Speaker 4: in the way that's been so broadly rolled out and
• 31:19
  Speaker 4: like so widely used, and perhaps not enough attention paid
• 31:23
  Speaker 4: on any potential long term knock on consequences. I just
• 31:27
  Speaker 4: want to point that out. It is absolutely a personal choice.
• 31:29
  Speaker 4: I'm not saying anyone should do that, and there are
• 31:32
  Speaker 4: perhaps things to weigh because as we know, you know,
• 31:36
  Speaker 4: money rules everything, and the moment people figured out they
• 31:39
  Speaker 4: could make a load of money, you know, selling that
• 31:41
  Speaker 4: for weight loss, that's exactly what happened. I do feel
• 31:44
  Speaker 4: like there might come a time where some research says.
• 31:47
  Speaker 3: Ooh, maybe that wasn't the best thing for you.
• 31:49
  Speaker 1: So just throwing that out there, smart point and well made,
• 31:53
  Speaker 1: well put, because there aren't really longitudinal studies available yet,
• 31:59
  Speaker 1: we've got a way a few decades. It reminds me
• 32:01
  Speaker 1: of the shoe stores. This might be a little old
• 32:05
  Speaker 1: for a lot of us, but I remember when the
• 32:07
  Speaker 1: shoe stores would have X ray novelty devices to help
• 32:12
  Speaker 1: you figure out your shoe size. Yeah, a lot of
• 32:14
  Speaker 1: people got cancer.
• 32:15
  Speaker 3: No way, I'm not laughing. I didn't know that was
• 32:19
  Speaker 3: a thing. And that is That is man, that's messed up.
• 32:23
  Speaker 2: I'll tell you.
• 32:24
  Speaker 1: Here's another one that I think we both I don't
• 32:27
  Speaker 1: want to call it shadenfreud, but I think it fascinates
• 32:29
  Speaker 1: both of us that amphetamines were originally marketed as nasal decongestants.
• 32:36
  Speaker 2: That's how they came out. That is an energy thing.
• 32:39
  Speaker 1: Just if you got a snuffy nose, what's that word
• 32:42
  Speaker 1: you taught me in English insulsult fate.
• 32:44
  Speaker 4: Yeah, for insul fate, I believe is the word for
• 32:48
  Speaker 4: consuming things nasally. But also, if I'm not mistaken, the
• 32:52
  Speaker 4: active ingredient and methamphetamine and the reason that they're kept
• 32:56
  Speaker 4: behind glass now and you have to show an ID
• 32:59
  Speaker 4: to get it are certain cold medicines. So obviously that
• 33:02
  Speaker 4: was an active ingredient, you know, in the first place,
• 33:05
  Speaker 4: I'm just conjecturing there.
• 33:06
  Speaker 3: I'm pretty sure that.
• 33:07
  Speaker 2: Must be the right, like not non confederate. I think
• 33:09
  Speaker 2: that's something like that. Yeah.
• 33:12
  Speaker 1: So first it comes out as a thing where people
• 33:15
  Speaker 1: are saying, are you tired.
• 33:17
  Speaker 3: Of these snuffy knows?
• 33:20
  Speaker 2: Don't feel snuffing cocate hour? Yeah, exactly, change aw ve
• 33:24
  Speaker 2: custom method better means a cleaner nose for.
• 33:27
  Speaker 3: A cleaner world.
• 33:29
  Speaker 4: Also with cocaine, Also with cocaine all over the counter.
• 33:35
  Speaker 3: Percent Yeah, I mean that's true.
• 33:37
  Speaker 4: Cocaine was over the counter, and as we know earliest recipes,
• 33:40
  Speaker 4: this is not a myth. If I'm not mistaken, of
• 33:42
  Speaker 4: coca cola did contain small amounts of cocaine.
• 33:46
  Speaker 1: Dylan says, a lot of these sound dangerous. I think
• 33:49
  Speaker 1: I'll stick to good old laudanum. There you go, are
• 33:52
  Speaker 1: your children talking back?
• 33:54
  Speaker 3: Oh?
• 33:54
  Speaker 2: Your children awake at all? That was chan saw Fagan's laudanum.
• 33:59
  Speaker 3: I'm more of an ether guy myself was preferring to
• 34:01
  Speaker 3: just huff it from.
• 34:02
  Speaker 2: A rag, you know, yeah, like a real American.
• 34:06
  Speaker 1: Anyway, this amphetterine thing, obviously similar to these other stories,
• 34:13
  Speaker 1: the market finds other uses for it. It is distributed
• 34:18
  Speaker 1: to troops multiple sides of World War Two, and the
• 34:22
  Speaker 1: idea is we can keep the fighting forces running longer,
• 34:28
  Speaker 1: consuming fewer food resources. And after the war people discovered
• 34:34
  Speaker 1: this also, you know, provably suppresses appetite, so it becomes
• 34:40
  Speaker 1: something like rolling stones, mother's little helper. It's a popular
• 34:45
  Speaker 1: weight loss drug, particularly among the housewives in the West, who,
• 34:51
  Speaker 1: many of whom have have met a kind of agency,
• 34:55
  Speaker 1: being allowed into the workplace for the first time, and
• 34:58
  Speaker 1: now they're being forced back into these domestic roles.
• 35:02
  Speaker 4: Yeah, Poppin' bennies, Bens of drains, dexadrins, little blues and
• 35:06
  Speaker 4: reds or whatever they used to call them. And these
• 35:08
  Speaker 4: continue to be popular. What's the word I'm looking for,
• 35:12
  Speaker 4: recreational pharmaceuticals into the like you know, counterculture scene, the.
• 35:17
  Speaker 3: Hippie kind of scene. Amphetamines, however, are really really bad
• 35:20
  Speaker 3: for you.
• 35:21
  Speaker 2: Yes, it turns out, Yeah, it turns out.
• 35:23
  Speaker 4: There's turns out is important and causes lack of it
• 35:29
  Speaker 4: alone causes bad things to happen in the brain and
• 35:33
  Speaker 4: the body.
• 35:33
  Speaker 1: It's also nice to not have compulsive behaviors paranoia, and
• 35:38
  Speaker 1: it's sort of like not the flex But it's cool
• 35:41
  Speaker 1: to have as many of your teeth as you can.
• 35:43
  Speaker 1: It certainly is it kind of is. So there are
• 35:47
  Speaker 1: side effects like you described. No, especially after long term
• 35:52
  Speaker 1: or prevalent use. These sorts of substances can induce sollucinations,
• 35:59
  Speaker 1: chronic noz constipation, vomiting, manic, real, real dangerous cognitive behavior.
• 36:07
  Speaker 1: But doctors didn't know that because they didn't have those
• 36:11
  Speaker 1: longitudinal studies just yet. So this is the rise of
• 36:16
  Speaker 1: what we loosely could call rainbow pills.
• 36:19
  Speaker 2: Everything you described.
• 36:21
  Speaker 3: That little vitamins in there. We find some supplements.
• 36:24
  Speaker 4: No, we're talking amphetamines, mainly sedatives, diuretics which I believe
• 36:28
  Speaker 4: doesn't that make you poop or make you pee? Sorry,
• 36:30
  Speaker 4: it makes you pee diuretics, yeah, and thyroid hormones.
• 36:34
  Speaker 3: In addition to taking other pills and supplements, right.
• 36:38
  Speaker 1: Yeah, And it wasn't until nineteen sixty eight that the
• 36:43
  Speaker 1: pendulum began to swing back. A journalist medical professionals started
• 36:49
  Speaker 1: noticing there were troubling things at play. One investigative reporter,
• 36:56
  Speaker 1: noted in history dot com, went to ten obesity clinics
• 37:01
  Speaker 1: and was posing as a patient. They were given more
• 37:05
  Speaker 1: than fifteen hundred things that would qualify as rainbow pills.
• 37:10
  Speaker 1: This leads to nineteen seventy a guy named Richard Nixon,
• 37:15
  Speaker 1: who is famous for being kind of a pill himself,
• 37:18
  Speaker 1: but also yeah, yeah, yeah, a bit of a tricky one.
• 37:21
  Speaker 1: He passed the Controlled Substances Act, a very imperfect act,
• 37:27
  Speaker 1: part of a very imperfect thing called the War on Drugs.
• 37:30
  Speaker 3: Kicked it right on off, didn't he?
• 37:32
  Speaker 1: He sure did, man. This reclassified everybody's favorite little helpers
• 37:37
  Speaker 1: as scheduled to controlled substances, which made it much more
• 37:41
  Speaker 1: difficult for doctors to prescribe them.
• 37:44
  Speaker 2: Willie.
• 37:44
  Speaker 3: One could argue, this is maybe a positive part.
• 37:47
  Speaker 2: Of this is like, what are the positive parts? Yeah?
• 37:49
  Speaker 4: I think that's true, But you did still have these
• 37:53
  Speaker 4: boutique clinics, these like, I don't know, kind of what
• 37:58
  Speaker 4: you might call today these medspots, right, but you yeah,
• 38:01
  Speaker 4: you had back then these you know, weight loss clinics
• 38:05
  Speaker 4: where you would maybe have a specialty, a specialized doctor
• 38:08
  Speaker 4: who was able to kind of loophole his way into
• 38:11
  Speaker 4: prescribing you the you know, the go go pills in
• 38:15
  Speaker 4: addition to other supplements, perhaps regiments of exercise. A lot
• 38:20
  Speaker 4: of these quack kind of like machines like that would
• 38:24
  Speaker 4: like rub.
• 38:25
  Speaker 3: The chub off of you. You know, I'm talking about
• 38:28
  Speaker 3: belts or whatever.
• 38:28
  Speaker 2: I think of the belt too that just goes back
• 38:31
  Speaker 2: and forth.
• 38:33
  Speaker 1: Uh. Combine that with the electro shock vest that would
• 38:37
  Speaker 1: just sort of shock your muscles into contracting. And you
• 38:41
  Speaker 1: never heard about those.
• 38:42
  Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, for sure. So we'd have things like that.
• 38:46
  Speaker 4: Wren also points out, and it has an excellent picture
• 38:48
  Speaker 4: of these kind of rolling pin machines that.
• 38:51
  Speaker 3: Would like squeeze your body.
• 38:54
  Speaker 2: Just I don't think that would just roll around.
• 38:57
  Speaker 3: It was not the way. This is not the way.
• 38:59
  Speaker 1: It's it's not the way for efficacious medical results. But
• 39:04
  Speaker 1: the Cetastasia and Me says it would feel nice along
• 39:08
  Speaker 1: your back or body if depending on the pressure right
• 39:11
  Speaker 1: the PSI. But yeah, this is this is just another
• 39:16
  Speaker 1: case we have so much more to get to master cleanses.
• 39:19
  Speaker 1: We haven't even gotten to.
• 39:20
  Speaker 4: That cleanses, juice cleanses with the idea of detoxing, which
• 39:26
  Speaker 4: I think to this is still a bit people look
• 39:29
  Speaker 4: askance at this idea of because the thing about this
• 39:32
  Speaker 4: is a lot of these holistic type remedies, they are
• 39:35
  Speaker 4: positive and they are sort of a way to just
• 39:39
  Speaker 4: encourage more full body, you know, nutrition and thinking about
• 39:44
  Speaker 4: making better choices, eating less processed foods, et cetera. But
• 39:47
  Speaker 4: once it's really easy though, for it to kind of
• 39:49
  Speaker 4: spiral into the realm of quackery with even the best
• 39:52
  Speaker 4: of intentions.
• 39:53
  Speaker 1: Right right, A lot of this stuff, if you take
• 39:56
  Speaker 1: out the sorcery of not fully understood medical substances, the
• 40:04
  Speaker 1: answer is almost always going to be as you said, lifestyle.
• 40:08
  Speaker 1: I would add calorie deficit right, maintaining that and finding
• 40:13
  Speaker 1: a place that supports your good choices and reinforces them.
• 40:19
  Speaker 1: I think we've got to hit so many more fad diets,
• 40:22
  Speaker 1: as our power ren Fest points out Beverly Hills diet,
• 40:26
  Speaker 1: military diet. We mentioned keto and ketosis is an interesting
• 40:30
  Speaker 1: South Beach.
• 40:31
  Speaker 3: Was a big popular one.
• 40:32
  Speaker 2: South Beach nutri system all the hits. We'll get to
• 40:37
  Speaker 2: them soon.
• 40:38
  Speaker 4: Weight Watchers is still very much a thing, very much mother.
• 40:41
  Speaker 4: It's old school. My godmother attends wait Watchers in New
• 40:45
  Speaker 4: York City. And I will just say too, like, if
• 40:48
  Speaker 4: you're looking to make a tiny change, you know, diet
• 40:50
  Speaker 4: and exercise, I swear cutting out sugar, like not putting
• 40:53
  Speaker 4: sugar in my coffee and cutting out alcohol or drinking
• 40:57
  Speaker 4: a whole lot less alcohol.
• 40:59
  Speaker 3: That'll game changing.
• 41:01
  Speaker 2: It makes a difference.
• 41:02
  Speaker 1: Again, check out the episode on Big Sugar for stuff
• 41:06
  Speaker 1: they don't want you to know.
• 41:07
  Speaker 2: Yeah, that's a.
• 41:08
  Speaker 4: Great podcast talking about Big Sugar, the podcast which is
• 41:11
  Speaker 4: an incredible expose on the brutal and dangerous sugar.
• 41:16
  Speaker 2: Oh, I got it. I forgot about that one. I
• 41:18
  Speaker 2: just think about the earlier Oh we.
• 41:19
  Speaker 3: Did, that's right.
• 41:20
  Speaker 4: We did a full deep dive on it ourselves, and
• 41:22
  Speaker 4: we also had on the host of an investigative piece
• 41:26
  Speaker 4: podcast series called Big Sugar.
• 41:28
  Speaker 1: I was so happy when they confirmed that earlier research.
• 41:30
  Speaker 1: We're out to something.
• 41:32
  Speaker 2: We're going to follow it up.
• 41:33
  Speaker 1: We hope you enjoyed this episode, folks. Thank you, as
• 41:37
  Speaker 1: always so much for tuning in. Thanks to our super
• 41:40
  Speaker 1: producer returning tattooed from some Adventures mister Max Williams. Thanks
• 41:45
  Speaker 1: to our guest superproducer Dylan the chainsaw Fag and remember
• 41:49
  Speaker 1: to buy Chainsaw Fagan Laudanum wherever it is sold, which
• 41:54
  Speaker 1: no offense. Stillan might not be everywhere these days, kind
• 41:58
  Speaker 1: of like cheerwine, so pick up a bottle where he
• 42:01
  Speaker 1: cand thanks to aj Bahamas Jacobs, thanks to orgey Cham
• 42:06
  Speaker 1: thanks to Jonathan Strickland Ak the Twister.
• 42:09
  Speaker 3: Who else? Oh man, did we sayeah?
• 42:11
  Speaker 4: You starready said Aja Bahamas the he's the puzzler.
• 42:13
  Speaker 2: Do we have a nickname for Jorge yet?
• 42:16
  Speaker 3: No? Wait, he had one. It was like Riverside or something.
• 42:19
  Speaker 4: Oh, that's right, it wasn't a very good one. We'll
• 42:23
  Speaker 4: we'll have to workshop that one, but big thanks to Jorge.
• 42:26
  Speaker 4: Excited to have him back very soon and we have
• 42:29
  Speaker 4: another crossover with him coming out very soon. If it's
• 42:32
  Speaker 4: already out on stuff they don't want you to know
• 42:34
  Speaker 4: or we talk a lot about some of the same
• 42:36
  Speaker 4: things we talked about in Ridiculous History.
• 42:38
  Speaker 3: But a lot deeper and weirder stuff.
• 42:40
  Speaker 4: In terms of what were some of your favorite topics
• 42:43
  Speaker 4: that we touched on in that conversation. Oh, all the
• 42:45
  Speaker 4: outer space stuff, that's right, yeah, But beyond Big Bang,
• 42:49
  Speaker 4: we talked a lot about singularity events, a lot about
• 42:53
  Speaker 4: surveillance state kind of stufflation, the simulation.
• 42:57
  Speaker 3: Theory, all that stuff. So do check that one out.
• 43:00
  Speaker 4: Huge thanks to Chris Fhrasiotis and heaves Jeff cos here
• 43:02
  Speaker 4: in spirit of course, and thanks again torn Fast.
• 43:06
  Speaker 3: Jones for this incredible research on fad diets. And thanks
• 43:10
  Speaker 3: to you Ben. This is a lot of fun.
• 43:11
  Speaker 1: Oh yeah, and thanks to Alex Williams who composed this track.
• 43:15
  Speaker 1: Everybody tuned in next week, have a great one and
• 43:17
  Speaker 1: we'll have a classic on Saturday, and we'll be back
• 43:20
  Speaker 1: on Tuesday with more ridiculous history.
• 43:23
  Speaker 3: We'll see you next time.
• 43:24
  Speaker 1: Focus.
• 43:33
  Speaker 4: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,
• 43:36
  Speaker 4: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.