Latest / MUBI Podcast / Riz Ahmed channels Yann Mounir Demange in DAMMI
Transcript
- 0:00[Rico] Heads up audio listeners,you're about to hear a videotaped conversation.For the full experience you'll find the video version of this episodeon Spotify or YouTube. I just wanted to tell you, so I'm going through your bio prepping for this, I'm looking at my page here because I wrote it down and I'm looking at your bio and it's like, like on Wikipedia and it's like 2006 was in a Michael Winterbottom movie, nominated for best actor of the 2008 British Indie film awards.
- 0:30Stars in the great satire Four Lions, by the way, which I love 2010 gets another BIFA nomination, blah, blah, blah, decade of major credits.
- 0:37Then in 2016
- 0:39appears in <i: Star Wars>Rogue One gets a Best Newcomer nomination at the Empire Film Awards.
- 0:47appears in <i: Star Wars>You've been working for like a decade at that point, getting major nominations.
- 0:50appears in <i: Star Wars>Tell me about when you learn, you've been nominated for Best Newcomer.
- 0:54appears in <i: Star Wars>[Riz] Don't look a gift horse in the mouth, man.
- 0:56appears in <i: Star Wars>You know what I mean?
- 0:57appears in <i: Star Wars>If I... listen, I'm hoping to get another Best Newcomer nomination at some point soon, man.
- 1:02appears in <i: Star Wars>I'm hoping to get a debut nomination at some point.
- 1:05appears in <i: Star Wars>If you can trick people into thinking you're not damaged goods,- staying on the shelf- [Yann laughs] then lets take it mate! I'm hoping I get discovered at some point.
- 1:14appears in <i: Star Wars>[MUBI Podcast theme][Rico] That is actor Riz Ahmed and director Yann Mounir Demange.And honestly,they're in no danger of being considered damaged goods.Riz got an Oscar nomination for Best Actor in the drama Sound Of Metal,he rode shotgun with Jake Gyllenhaal in the sleeper hit Night Crawlerand he'll be in Wes Anderson's next flick.Yann directed '71 a war film about the Troubles in Northern Irelandthat landed him Best Director at the British Indie Film Awards.He was an exec producer and director of the celebrated UK crime series Top Boyand the zombie satire Dead Set.
- 1:47appears in <i: Star Wars>But these guys latest collaboration seems way more personal and harder to pin down.Half truth, half fictionand just nineteen minutes long.I'm Rico Gagliano, welcome back to the MUBI podcast.The show that tells you the stories behind great cinema.Season six is coming soon, but today a special episode,my chat with Yann Mounir Demange and Riz Ahmed about their new short Dammi.It's a psycho-drama about a half Algerian guyplayed by Riz, raised in London by his momwho visits his birth city of Paris to come to terms with his estranged dad,his identity,and the city itself.All of which sounds a lot like Yann's own life.In fact, he gave Riz's character his own Algerian name.So I started by asking if he'd ever thoughtabout just making it a documentary? At the beginning, it was going to be a documentary.
- 2:42appears in <i: Star Wars>- Oh, it was?
- 2:42appears in <i: Star Wars>- It was.
- 2:43appears in <i: Star Wars>But it wasn't-- the subject wasn't gonna be me.
- 2:45appears in <i: Star Wars>And I approached a very dear friend of mine, Rosa Attab she's French Algerian woman, and she's like a real, a true artist.
- 2:54appears in <i: Star Wars>And we started to ask like"Would you like to collaborate with me on this documentary,"hybrid documentary that I'm doing?" And she's like, "Yeah." And then when I arrived to Paris to start, like, prepping it and building out the idea with her, she said, "Look, I hope you don't mind,"but I took the liberty of writing a voiceover"just as... just to see if it sparked something." And she cheekily wrote a voiceover...
- 3:16appears in <i: Star Wars>about me.
- 3:17appears in <i: Star Wars>Wow.
- 3:19appears in <i: Star Wars>So she, she wanted you to make it about yourself.
- 3:21appears in <i: Star Wars>Yeah, she did. And I was a little bit like, wow.
- 3:24appears in <i: Star Wars>OK, let me take a beat with this, see how I feel.
- 3:28appears in <i: Star Wars>And then I started to write a voiceover back and it became a dialogue between this man and this woman.
- 3:33appears in <i: Star Wars>It became a dialogue between Rosa and me and then it became something else, because there's an element of fiction as well there, it's not completely just autobiographical piece of work.
- 3:44appears in <i: Star Wars>But my father is actually the guy who plays my dad in the film.
- 3:47appears in <i: Star Wars>We're gonna get to that! Don't you worry.
- 3:49appears in <i: Star Wars>It's unavoidably a very personal... element.
- 3:52appears in <i: Star Wars>All of that being said, that there are surreal elements, there are fictional elements.
- 3:56appears in <i: Star Wars>There is, I mean, there's a character named you who's in there that is to some extent based on you.
- 4:01appears in <i: Star Wars>When do you decide that Riz Ahmed is gonna be your perfect avatar?
- 4:06appears in <i: Star Wars>Once I started to lean in to...
- 4:10appears in <i: Star Wars>making it very more personal, I felt vulnerable and I was like, the only person...
- 4:16appears in <i: Star Wars>that I feel comfortable doing this with, if I'm gonna do it, is Riz.
- 4:21appears in <i: Star Wars>You know, we've been very close friends for a very, I mean, it's gotta be 20 years, now.
- 4:26appears in <i: Star Wars>Yeah, the BBC was putting together a kind of like cohort of up and coming writers, directors and actors in London.
- 4:34appears in <i: Star Wars>And they had an idea of launching almost kind of like a YouTube, a series of YouTube characters and make like following these characters lives and it, the project never really happened, but they just kind of gathered a room of people together who were kind of coming up at the same time.
- 4:51appears in <i: Star Wars>And we met there briefly and then two years later we did Dead Set together in like, 2007.
- 5:00appears in <i: Star Wars>And yeah, we just became fast friends at that point.
- 5:02appears in <i: Star Wars>So you get the call and it's like, basically"Riz I got this part for you, it's me."- Well--- Tell me about that.
- 5:10appears in <i: Star Wars>As you can tell, I mean, Yann even now, I think you're...
- 5:12appears in <i: Star Wars>you're hesitant to frame it as though it's you, and I think that that's because in a way it isn't, you know, this is the nature of fiction and of like, you know, narrative storytelling particularly that takes on this kind of magical realist element that you have.
- 5:25appears in <i: Star Wars>Like the DNA and the soul of this character is from Yann's experiences.
- 5:29appears in <i: Star Wars>Of course, there's an element of like, you know, catharsis and personal exploration in this.
- 5:34appears in <i: Star Wars>But as is true of any film, of any story, it takes on a life of its own as well.
- 5:39appears in <i: Star Wars>And...
- 5:40appears in <i: Star Wars>it was almost about, you know, knowing Yann, knowing some of his experiences, but also having some of my own experiences around you know, diasporic identity and a love letter to a city that you feel is home, but also feel like you don't belong in, you know, this is the kind of this is the water we swim in.
- 6:02appears in <i: Star Wars>You know, this is what we know about this experience.
- 6:05appears in <i: Star Wars>[Muffled plunging][Riz's character, muffled]Yes, I'm a Londoner.I like being a Londoner.
- 6:12appears in <i: Star Wars>But it's complicated.Something is always gonna be missing there.It's like pieces of me are scattered.It's just in London, I can get caught in the noise of it all. I can pretend everything's fine.
- 6:24appears in <i: Star Wars>Over here, it's rubbed in my face.
- 6:28appears in <i: Star Wars>That...
- 6:29appears in <i: Star Wars>something's missing.
- 6:33appears in <i: Star Wars>I feel like I read this somewhere that you didn't realize until recently that all of your movies are about outsiders basically, or something like that.
- 6:41appears in <i: Star Wars>Yeah, I think...
- 6:42appears in <i: Star Wars>yeah, I mean... yeah! It's like, you know, you do, you don't know what it's about.
- 6:47appears in <i: Star Wars>And then you, you gotta do press for a movie and you start to get your titbits together and what's your chat?
- 6:52appears in <i: Star Wars>And you kinda go, and I went, oh right, there was the whole decade of work for me that was about young men trying to find their place, trying to find their tribe.
- 7:02appears in <i: Star Wars>But ultimately having to come to terms with being a perpetual outsider and being...
- 7:06appears in <i: Star Wars>and having comfort in that and actually walking, being your own man at the end, that is literally what '71 is about, you know, he decides, he leaves the army.
- 7:13appears in <i: Star Wars>He's not going to try and find the tribe.
- 7:15appears in <i: Star Wars>He was deeply-- all these boys have been seeking the paternal at this point, in my films, I can't deny it.
- 7:20appears in <i: Star Wars>So maybe this was like a sort of full stop on it and I just went straight...
- 7:25appears in <i: Star Wars>at the whole paternal issue.
- 7:28appears in <i: Star Wars>Finally, what I wanna ask you, 'cause one of the reasons you were picked for this was because that you could relate to that.
- 7:34appears in <i: Star Wars>And you do, like a lot of your work too is about identity and people trying to find identity in a society that maybe you don't somehow fit in.
- 7:42appears in <i: Star Wars>When did that start being a passion for you?
- 7:45appears in <i: Star Wars>Because it really, it feels like pointed choices at a certain point in your career.
- 7:49appears in <i: Star Wars>Yeah, it's interesting you say that because...
- 7:52appears in <i: Star Wars>I feel like a lot of creative choices aren't choices that they choose you.
- 7:57appears in <i: Star Wars>I never really sat down and said I want to make a project about identity or I want my career to be kind of exploring these themes in a similar way that, you know, you're talking to Yann right now.
- 8:09appears in <i: Star Wars>He's saying I didn't set out to make a film about myself.
- 8:12appears in <i: Star Wars>I think often the most honest pieces of art are ones that, kind of, find a way of manifesting themselves through you even while you're kicking and screaming to like, keep them down.
- 8:24appears in <i: Star Wars>So if you ask me, honestly, would I love to have a career that didn't deal with all these kind of issues of identity and kind of what it is to be Muslim in the West and all this kind of stuff?
- 8:37appears in <i: Star Wars>I mean...
- 8:38appears in <i: Star Wars>I mean, yeah, that sounds like fun too.
- 8:40appears in <i: Star Wars>I mean, I grew up watching, you know, Bollywood and Jackie Chan and Bruce Lee, those weren't political films.
- 8:45appears in <i: Star Wars>It's just that in a way I just feel like I don't have, I don't have a say in it.
- 8:49appears in <i: Star Wars>And you know, sometimes yes, you, you swim with that tide and you think, yeah, this is what I wanna do.
- 8:56appears in <i: Star Wars>Sometimes you swim against it. At a certain point you just kind of surrender and say like this is just the thing that's just happening.
- 9:03appears in <i: Star Wars>And I guess on some level, you know, my creative spirit needs to...
- 9:11appears in <i: Star Wars>- explore this stuff.
- 9:11appears in <i: Star Wars>- [Rico] Yeah, sure.
- 9:12appears in <i: Star Wars>You know, and my conscious kind of mind doesn't really have a say in the matter.
- 9:17appears in <i: Star Wars>That's just the way it is.
- 9:17appears in <i: Star Wars>It's a weird thing, you know?
- 9:19appears in <i: Star Wars>That's really well put.
- 9:19appears in <i: Star Wars>I love genre...
- 9:22appears in <i: Star Wars>And I, you know, a lot of, sort of...
- 9:25appears in <i: Star Wars>big films and influential films in my life actually, have been genre films.
- 9:29appears in <i: Star Wars>But what, I love genre when it's layered with a specificity.
- 9:33appears in <i: Star Wars>Where the characters and the human beings at the heart of these stories, there's an undeniable specificity and culture that they're from things that they are wrestling with within the thriller if you like.
- 9:45appears in <i: Star Wars>And that's, that is actually whenever I come to a genre piece, I get sent stuff, usually that's the thing I inject into it.
- 9:52appears in <i: Star Wars>I like the shape of, I like the shape of the movie or the shape of the story.
- 9:56appears in <i: Star Wars>And then it's like, ok, what's the specificity, what's the thing, the point of view or the human being that I want to portray in the heart of this story?
- 10:03appears in <i: Star Wars>And then I inevitably, not by choice there's these things that I project onto 'em that you know, that are about identity and things.
- 10:11appears in <i: Star Wars>So it's not-- I wouldn't, I would never set out to make a film about identity.
- 10:14appears in <i: Star Wars>Like I said, I think it's better served in a podcast or an essay and there's fantastic literature around that now, thank God.
- 10:20appears in <i: Star Wars>But it's, when I tackle a story that sort of genre or a horror, whatever it may be and I can't help myself.
- 10:27appears in <i: Star Wars>Let's talk about something very personally you brought to this, you mentioned it earlier.
- 10:31appears in <i: Star Wars>Your dad, who you cast as your dad.
- 10:35appears in <i: Star Wars>First of all, tell me about the conversation with him about doing that.
- 10:38appears in <i: Star Wars>I mean, look, it's wild. I never speak-- yeah, but, yeah, my old man's in it.
- 10:42appears in <i: Star Wars>Me and my old man were pretty estranged, you know.
- 10:48appears in <i: Star Wars>It's, it was a strange one, I never really met until I was in my teens and then found out I had another brother from a different mother who's only about six months apart. And I started developing this story with Rosa and then, and it was about a Paris that I saw growing up fragments of, that I could see slightly disappearing.
- 11:05appears in <i: Star Wars>And after the pandemic, there was a massive drop off, these old bars, they call them chibani that this old Algerian owned bars that were just frequented by a certain generation of Algerian men who are now like in their seventies who came to Paris and they, they created their own sense, these communities and they were quite, they were like, like a particular type of bar, you know, they, they drink, they gamble, they do deals.
- 11:32appears in <i: Star Wars>And I grew up, my dad always had bars and whenever I'd go to Paris, I'd go to these bars.
- 11:36appears in <i: Star Wars>So when I was starting to engage with this, making it more personal, and I was writing these characters, there's a type of older Algerian man that you don't see anymore.
- 11:46appears in <i: Star Wars>And when I was trying to cast it.
- 11:47appears in <i: Star Wars>You know, you have...
- 11:47appears in <i: Star Wars>these types of men will never come to a street casting session.
- 11:53appears in <i: Star Wars>Not with a gun to their head would they'll come?
- 11:54appears in <i: Star Wars>Would they do it.
- 11:55appears in <i: Star Wars>You know, you can't street cast this type of man.
- 11:58appears in <i: Star Wars>And in the end, Rosa was like,"You gotta ask your father." I was like, "You're out of your mind." Like I don't, I didn't, I was like...
- 12:04appears in <i: Star Wars>So seriously, because you couldn't get anyone else.
- 12:06appears in <i: Star Wars>I couldn't, honestly, I couldn't find anyone.
- 12:08appears in <i: Star Wars>We were like, no, this is not real, this is not real.
- 12:10appears in <i: Star Wars>So I ended up casting him and his best friend.
- 12:12appears in <i: Star Wars>They got, he's got this friend that a sidekick that he's, they've been best friends for 50 years.
- 12:17appears in <i: Star Wars>I think they've never gone more than two days without seeing each other.
- 12:20appears in <i: Star Wars>You know, live close to each other in Paris.
- 12:22appears in <i: Star Wars>When they go back to Algeria every summer, they're like, they're walking distance from each other in Algeria.
- 12:26appears in <i: Star Wars>And I was like, you know what, you know, I approached him and he loved it.
- 12:28appears in <i: Star Wars>He was, he was...
- 12:31appears in <i: Star Wars>he was very moved.
- 12:33appears in <i: Star Wars>And then this crazy thing happened and it wasn't planned, you know, I started to have a dialogue on screen with my dad through Riz.
- 12:40appears in <i: Star Wars>Like, Riz...
- 12:42appears in <i: Star Wars>you know, I'd set up a scene and I'd say to Riz go in there and tell him what an arsehole he is.
- 12:47appears in <i: Star Wars>He'd go in and shout at him and I'd see him and I'd see my dad taking it and then I'd go maybe, like, soften it, maybe comfort.
- 12:53appears in <i: Star Wars>And then so like there was this, they have a...
- 12:54appears in <i: Star Wars>they have a hug and they scream at each other...
- 12:58appears in <i: Star Wars>and...
- 12:59appears in <i: Star Wars>it's, and it's all through Riz and it feels like my...
- 13:03appears in <i: Star Wars>my father and I finally had a conversation but you know, I was watching it take place on the monitor.
- 13:09appears in <i: Star Wars>I had heard about this.
- 13:11appears in <i: Star Wars>What is, tell me about that experience from your point of view.
- 13:14appears in <i: Star Wars>How aware were you that, that...
- 13:17appears in <i: Star Wars>dynamic was going on?
- 13:18appears in <i: Star Wars>That you were the cipher kind of between?
- 13:20appears in <i: Star Wars>Yeah I mean, I knew that Yann and his father kind of spent long periods of time where they were estranged.
- 13:26appears in <i: Star Wars>I knew that it was a kind of like budding and relatively kind of new relationship and that this film was kind of helping to catalyze that.
- 13:33appears in <i: Star Wars>I guess in a way, you know, all that was in the air, I didn't intellectualize too much.
- 13:39appears in <i: Star Wars>And in a way, you know, what's...
- 13:42appears in <i: Star Wars>amazing about the, the best directors is how little they actually need to communicate.
- 13:48appears in <i: Star Wars>You know, because of the environment they're creating on the set, you know, just because of the design of the space itself, there's something just very kind of, like ethereal and haunting about being in that studio space where we were shooting full of smoke with the kind of the kind of classic sh...
- 14:06appears in <i: Star Wars>you know, benches and lamp lights and maps, maps that you have of Paris that you find on Parisian streets and the, the pinball machine and the bar of those, exactly, those kind of old Algerian bars you have.
- 14:20appears in <i: Star Wars>And yet there's a certain kind of music that Yann's playing on set and it's lit in a certain way.
- 14:26appears in <i: Star Wars>And with that, in that kind of set up, in that kind of, with the right kind of casting, the right kind of set, the right kind of atmosphere.
- 14:34appears in <i: Star Wars>I remember, like, Willem Dafoe actually said this in an interview once, where it was basically like you create the world, everything will flow from it.
- 14:42appears in <i: Star Wars>If you make it feel to the actor, like this is a world that you're inhabiting then, like, it just happens.
- 14:46appears in <i: Star Wars>Is that what you're going for?
- 14:48appears in <i: Star Wars>Like, are you, do you think of yourself as a world builder?
- 14:50appears in <i: Star Wars>I guess in a way?
- 14:51appears in <i: Star Wars>I... no, but, but yes, I guess now like hearing it articulated.
- 14:56appears in <i: Star Wars>That's, I don't like to intellectualize it when I'm on the set.
- 14:59appears in <i: Star Wars>To a certain extent, yes, I like to create an atmosphere, a sense of the world, A feel. It's a feeling, it's a vibe.
- 15:07appears in <i: Star Wars>And then I have a strong sense of what I would like it to be, but I don't try and dictate because frankly I want everyone's good ideas.
- 15:17appears in <i: Star Wars>I want to create an environment where, you know, there's a specificity that's undeniable.
- 15:22appears in <i: Star Wars>There is a world that they, they have to inhabit.
- 15:25appears in <i: Star Wars>And once they're inhabiting it, you know, it's about their instincts.
- 15:29appears in <i: Star Wars>Both of you, interestingly, as I was looking into it, I knew that you have this kind of separate musical career, almost, parallel musical career.
- 15:37appears in <i: Star Wars>You actually were, it sounds like pretty heavily involved in garage and kind of electronic music, and that whole scene.
- 15:46appears in <i: Star Wars>Is that maybe something that you guys share in terms of, you know, a communication through music, like, is that why you can play together, in a way?
- 15:55appears in <i: Star Wars>Well, yeah, first we call it garage.
- 15:59appears in <i: Star Wars>No, it's alright. I said 'garage' once and my niece was like, "You what?" I think that the kind of music you're talking about there is just kind of in the...
- 16:06appears in <i: Star Wars>it's just in our bloodstreams from growing up as Londoners.
- 16:09appears in <i: Star Wars>You know, we grew up in the era of jungle music which transforms to drum and bass and then it gives birth to garage.
- 16:16appears in <i: Star Wars>And then from there it goes into dubstep and grime and...
- 16:20appears in <i: Star Wars>and now we're in a kind of drill era and UK rap is kind of rising and it's a beautiful thing to see.
- 16:25appears in <i: Star Wars>And I think that's just kind of like part of what we've grown up around.
- 16:31appears in <i: Star Wars>How that...
- 16:33appears in <i: Star Wars>affects our kind of cinematic tastes or choices.
- 16:36appears in <i: Star Wars>I don't know, it's maybe, a...
- 16:37appears in <i: Star Wars>whereas kind of UK, kinda whereas kind of American kind of hip hop culture is kind of derived from like jazz and soul there's a kind of smoothness and a swing to it.
- 16:50appears in <i: Star Wars>I feel like that UK you know, Black music culture, you know, that I'll call it, it is kind of like about syncopation.
- 17:01appears in <i: Star Wars>And it has a kind of like...
- 17:05appears in <i: Star Wars>'off' kind of kilter, two-step to it.
- 17:10appears in <i: Star Wars>I would say it kind of has edges to it.
- 17:13appears in <i: Star Wars>In a different way. If you listen to UK rap music and the flows in that, it has a kind of edge to it.
- 17:19appears in <i: Star Wars>If you listen to the British accent the way we don't, you know, it's not 'water' it's water.
- 17:24appears in <i: Star Wars>You know, the kind, of the...
- 17:27appears in <i: Star Wars>the cozy edges of things have been kind of shaved off in the music that we've grown up around.
- 17:32appears in <i: Star Wars>It's kind of trying to catch you off balance?
- 17:34appears in <i: Star Wars>Yeah. And so I guess maybe on some level,[Yann] It's fascinating to hear him say this.
- 17:37appears in <i: Star Wars>- Sorry?
- 17:37appears in <i: Star Wars>- [Yann] It's fascinating.
- 17:39appears in <i: Star Wars>Yeah, so I guess on some level the maybe, the films that we like, it's about...
- 17:45appears in <i: Star Wars>yeah, there's an element of kind of syncopation, surprise, has a kind of bite to it.
- 17:52appears in <i: Star Wars>I think there's a kind of bite to the music that we've grown up around and maybe we enjoy that in our films.
- 17:56appears in <i: Star Wars>- I like it!- Yeah.
- 17:57appears in <i: Star Wars>I mean, I don't know, yeah, I don't know how...
- 18:01appears in <i: Star Wars>it works in relation to the stuff I've done apart from Top Boy because there was a hot specificity around that.
- 18:06appears in <i: Star Wars>- [Rico] Yeah, right.
- 18:06appears in <i: Star Wars>- And the sound and the feel of it.
- 18:09appears in <i: Star Wars>But, yeah, music, I mean, it's the highest art form, isn't it? Like it is...
- 18:14appears in <i: Star Wars>it's the one, isn't it?
- 18:14appears in <i: Star Wars>Like my mother has dementia.
- 18:16appears in <i: Star Wars>She's in and out of moments of lucidity.
- 18:16appears in <i: Star Wars>But if you put a certain track on it pierces through everything.
- 18:23appears in <i: Star Wars>And there's something about...
- 18:25appears in <i: Star Wars>you know, music without a doubt has influenced me the most in my life.
- 18:30appears in <i: Star Wars>It's also given me, in that, on that theme of being an outsider seeking tribe, the rave scene of the nineties and early 2000s in London, a very specific thing that I feel very privileged to have been a part of.
- 18:48appears in <i: Star Wars>You know, the jungle and the garage scene.
- 18:51appears in <i: Star Wars>It gave us, it was our church, you know, and actually there was a feeling of community and togetherness and connection- [Strings rising]- "God as a DJ".
- 19:01appears in <i: Star Wars>...that came from it.
- 19:02appears in <i: Star Wars>God's a bad boy DJ,[All laugh] The remix artist.
- 19:06appears in <i: Star Wars>[MUBI Podcast theme]Yann Mounir Demange and Riz Ahmed.Their short Dammi is playing exclusively on MUBI worldwide.and in some countries, we've got other great films from these guys too.Check the show notes of this episode for details.Also in the notes you'll find a link to the song I refer to at the end there, God is a DJ by Faithless.
- 19:25appears in <i: Star Wars>Get Ready to dance like it's 1998.Meanwhile, let's roll credits.This episode was written and hosted by me Rico Gagliano.Ciara McEniff produced italong with Ibti Omer, Ilyass Malki, along with Stu Pot Productions.It was edited by Sean Holdsworth and Amos Levin.Our theme music is by Yuri Suzuki.The show is executive produced by me along with Jon BarrenecheaEfe Çakarel, Daniel Kasman, and Michael Tacca.We're signing off for the summer but stay tuned this fallfor season six that dives into horror.Till then safe travels and may all your cinemas be air conditioned.[Theme reaches conclusion]