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The Ortogh Mongol Merchant Partnerships That Reshaped Eurasia
In this episode of Trade Routes That Changed Human History Forever, Lucas and Luna explore the ortogh system—the Mongol-era merchant partnerships that turned the Silk Road into a truly global marketplace. Under the Pax Mongolica, the Mongol Empire actively fostered long-distance trade by offering low-interest loans, legal protection, and tax exemptions to merchant associations known as ortoghs. We trace how these partnerships, rooted in earlier Central Asian and Islamic traditions like the commenda, evolved into a state-backed engine of commerce that linked China, Persia, and Europe. Drawing…
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