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Visceral Fat and the Chronic Health Epidemic · Metabolic Mind

0:00
The
0:00
human
0:00
brain
0:01
evolved
0:02
to
0:02
deal
0:02
with
0:03
scarcity,
0:04
not
0:04
abundance.
0:05
You
0:05
know,
0:05
and
0:05
for
0:06
much
0:06
of
0:06
human
0:07
history,
0:08
there
0:08
were
0:08
no
0:09
guarantees
0:10
to
0:10
when
0:10
our
0:10
next
0:10
meal
0:11
would
0:11
arrive.
0:12
So
0:12
our
0:12
biological
0:13
systems,
0:14
our
0:14
brains
0:15
will
0:16
seek
0:16
out
0:17
that
0:17
sweetest,
0:18
most
0:18
energy
0:18
dense
0:19
food.
0:19
So
0:19
we're
0:20
wired
0:20
to
0:20
focus
0:20
on
0:21
the
0:21
most
0:21
salient
0:22
stimuli
0:22
in
0:22
our
0:23
environment.
0:23
It's
0:23
not
0:24
that
0:24
our
0:24
brains
0:24
are
0:24
not
0:24
working
0:25
well.
0:25
It's
0:25
not
0:25
that
0:25
our
0:26
brains
0:26
are
0:26
broken.
0:27
If
0:27
anything,
0:27
they're
0:28
working
0:28
too
0:28
well.
0:33
Welcome
0:34
to
0:34
the
0:34
Metabolic
0:35
Mind
0:35
Podcast.
0:35
I'm
0:36
your
0:36
host,
0:36
Dr.
0:36
Brett
0:37
Scher.
0:37
Metabolic
0:38
Mind
0:38
is
0:38
a
0:38
nonprofit
0:39
initiative
0:40
of
0:40
Bouzouki
0:40
Group
0:41
where
0:41
we're
0:41
providing
0:41
information
0:42
about
0:42
the
0:43
intersection
0:43
of
0:43
metabolic
0:44
health
0:44
and
0:44
mental
0:45
health
0:45
and
0:45
metabolic
0:46
therapies,
0:46
such
0:47
as
0:47
nutritional
0:47
ketosis
0:48
as
0:48
therapies
0:49
for
0:49
mental
0:49
illness.
0:50
Thank
0:50
you
0:50
for
0:51
joining
0:51
us.
0:51
Although
0:52
our
0:52
podcast
0:53
is
0:53
for
0:53
informational
0:54
purposes
0:54
only
0:54
and
0:54
we
0:55
aren't
0:55
giving
0:55
medical
0:56
advice,
0:56
we
0:57
hope
0:57
you
0:57
will
0:57
learn
0:57
from
0:57
our
0:58
content
0:58
and
0:58
it
0:58
will
0:58
help
0:59
facilitate
0:59
discussions
1:00
with
1:00
your
1:00
healthcare
1:01
providers
1:01
to
1:02
see
1:02
if
1:02
you
1:02
could
1:02
benefit
1:03
from
1:03
exploring
1:03
the
1:03
connection
1:04
between
1:04
metabolic
1:05
and
1:05
mental
1:05
health.
1:11
What's
1:11
the
1:11
biggest
1:12
medical
1:12
and
1:12
public
1:13
health
1:13
failing
1:13
of
1:14
our
1:14
lifetime?
1:15
Well,
1:15
I'm
1:15
joined
1:15
by
1:16
Dr.
1:16
David
1:16
Kessler,
1:17
who's
1:17
pretty
1:17
clear
1:18
that
1:18
it
1:18
is
1:19
visceral
1:19
fat,
1:19
visceral
1:20
adiposity,
1:21
and
1:21
the
1:21
metabolic
1:22
dysfunction
1:22
and
1:23
obesity
1:23
that
1:23
goes
1:24
along
1:24
with
1:24
it
1:25
and
1:25
the
1:25
just
1:25
myriad
1:26
of
1:26
health
1:27
complications
1:28
related
1:28
to
1:29
it.
1:29
But
1:29
what
1:29
can
1:29
we
1:29
do
1:30
about
1:30
it
1:30
and
1:30
why
1:30
are
1:31
we
1:31
here
1:31
in
1:31
the
1:31
first
1:32
place?
1:32
Well,
1:32
Dr.
1:33
Kessler
1:33
has
1:33
an
1:34
extensive
1:34
pedigree
1:35
to
1:35
help
1:35
us
1:35
answer
1:36
this
1:36
question.
1:36
He
1:37
is
1:37
a
1:37
MD
1:38
pediatrician,
1:39
but
1:39
also
1:40
a
1:40
lawyer.
1:41
He
1:41
was
1:41
the
1:41
former
1:42
commissioner
1:43
of
1:43
the
1:43
Food
1:43
and
1:43
Drug
1:43
Administration.
1:44
He's
1:45
been
1:45
the
1:45
dean
1:46
of
1:46
two
1:46
different
1:46
medical
1:47
schools
1:48
and
1:48
he's
1:49
a
1:49
well
1:49
respected
1:50
author.
1:51
The
1:51
end
1:51
of
1:51
Overeating,
1:53
Question
1:54
of
1:54
intent
1:54
he
1:55
helps,
1:55
which
1:55
was
1:56
about
1:56
the
1:56
tobacco
1:56
industry
1:57
and
1:57
he
1:57
helped
1:57
sort
1:57
of
1:57
take
1:58
on
1:58
the
1:58
tobacco
1:58
industry
1:59
and
1:59
now
2:00
diet,
2:00
drugs
2:00
and
2:01
dopamine
2:01
where
2:02
he
2:02
explores
2:02
this
2:03
connection
2:03
between
2:04
diet,
2:04
visceral
2:05
adiposity,
2:06
insulin
2:06
resistance,
2:07
GLP1s
2:08
and
2:08
the
2:09
food
2:09
that
2:09
we're
2:09
eating.
2:10
So
2:10
there's
2:11
a
2:11
lot
2:11
to
2:11
unpack
2:11
here,
2:12
but
2:12
I
2:12
think
2:12
it's
2:12
going
2:12
to
2:13
help
2:13
you
2:13
better
2:13
understand
2:15
the
2:15
predicament
2:16
we're
2:16
in
2:16
and
2:17
how
2:17
to
2:17
get
2:17
out
2:17
of
2:17
it.
2:18
So
2:18
enjoy
2:18
this
2:18
interview
2:19
with
2:19
Dr.
2:19
David
2:19
Kessler.
2:20
Many
2:20
of
2:20
the
2:20
interventions
2:21
we
2:21
discuss
2:21
can
2:22
have
2:22
potentially
2:22
dangerous
2:23
effects
2:23
if
2:23
done
2:23
without
2:23
proper
2:24
supervision.
2:24
Consult
2:25
your
2:25
healthcare
2:25
provider
2:26
before
2:26
changing
2:26
your
2:26
lifestyle
2:27
or
2:27
medications.
2:28
In
2:28
addition,
2:28
it's
2:29
important
2:29
to
2:29
note
2:29
that
2:29
people
2:29
may
2:30
respond
2:30
differently
2:30
to
2:31
ketosis
2:31
and
2:31
there
2:31
isn't
2:32
one
2:32
recognized
2:32
universal
2:33
response.
2:40
Dr.
2:40
David
2:41
Kessler,
2:41
thank
2:41
you
2:41
so
2:42
much
2:42
for
2:42
joining
2:42
me
2:42
today
2:42
at
2:42
Metabolic
2:43
mind.
2:44
My
2:44
pleasure.
2:44
Well,
2:45
as
2:45
we've
2:45
heard
2:45
in
2:45
the
2:45
intro,
2:46
you've
2:46
got
2:46
quite
2:46
the
2:47
pedigree
2:47
with
2:48
a
2:48
lot
2:48
in
2:49
your
2:49
background,
2:49
in
2:49
your
2:50
history
2:50
as
2:50
a
2:51
doctor,
2:51
as
2:51
a
2:51
lawyer,
2:51
as
2:52
former
2:52
head
2:52
of
2:52
the
2:52
fda,
2:53
and
2:53
of
2:53
course
2:53
as
2:54
an
2:54
author.
2:55
Diet,
2:55
Drugs
2:55
and
2:56
dopamine
2:56
being
2:57
your
2:57
new
2:58
book.
2:58
But
2:58
what
2:59
I
2:59
found
2:59
really
2:59
interesting
3:00
in
3:00
your
3:00
book
3:00
is
3:00
really
3:01
started
3:01
with
3:02
a
3:02
personal
3:02
journey.
3:03
It
3:03
started
3:03
with
3:03
your
3:04
personal
3:04
journey
3:05
since
3:05
you
3:05
were
3:05
a
3:06
kid,
3:06
of
3:06
weight
3:06
gain,
3:07
weight
3:07
loss.
3:08
So
3:08
give
3:08
us
3:08
a
3:08
little
3:08
bit
3:09
about
3:09
that
3:09
background,
3:10
about
3:10
your
3:10
background.
3:11
What
3:11
got
3:11
you
3:11
interested
3:12
in
3:12
this
3:12
really
3:13
this
3:13
world
3:14
of
3:14
metabolic
3:14
health
3:15
and
3:15
diet
3:15
and
3:16
how
3:16
it
3:16
all
3:16
came
3:16
to
3:16
be
3:16
for
3:17
you.
3:18
The
3:18
mystery
3:18
of
3:18
weight.
3:19
Right.
3:20
I've
3:21
gained
3:21
and
3:22
lost
3:22
my
3:23
body
3:23
weight
3:24
repeatedly
3:24
over
3:25
my
3:25
lifetime.
3:26
I
3:26
have
3:26
suits
3:26
in
3:26
every
3:28
size.
3:28
You
3:29
know,
3:29
I
3:29
had
3:29
the
3:29
privilege
3:30
of
3:31
co
3:32
leading
3:32
operation
3:33
Warp
3:33
Speed
3:34
during
3:35
COVID
3:36
you
3:36
know,
3:36
an
3:36
intense
3:36
period
3:37
of
3:37
time
3:38
for
3:38
all
3:39
of
3:39
us.
3:40
You
3:40
know,
3:40
I
3:41
found
3:41
myself
3:42
at
3:43
the
3:43
end
3:43
of
3:43
that,
3:44
you
3:44
know,
3:44
16,
3:45
18
3:45
hour
3:46
days,
3:47
you
3:47
know,
3:47
seven
3:48
days
3:48
a
3:48
week,
3:49
676
3:50
million
3:51
vaccines
3:52
later,
3:53
I
3:53
found
3:53
myself
3:54
some
3:54
40
3:54
pounds
3:55
heavier.
3:57
And
3:59
I
3:59
just
3:59
really
4:00
wanted
4:00
to
4:01
dig
4:01
in
4:02
to
4:03
this
4:03
mystery
4:04
of
4:06
weight.
4:07
Here
4:07
I
4:07
was,
4:09
you
4:09
know,
4:09
I
4:09
ran
4:09
fda,
4:11
took
4:11
on
4:11
tobacco,
4:12
did
4:13
Covid
4:14
dean
4:14
at
4:14
two
4:14
med
4:15
schools.
4:16
I
4:16
usually
4:16
can
4:17
get
4:18
things
4:18
done.
4:19
No
4:19
one
4:19
ever
4:19
accused
4:20
me
4:20
of
4:20
not
4:20
having
4:23
discipline
4:24
or
4:24
willpower,
4:25
but
4:26
I
4:26
just
4:26
couldn't
4:27
understand
4:28
what
4:28
was
4:28
going
4:28
on
4:28
with
4:29
weight
4:30
and
4:31
wanted
4:31
to
4:32
tackle
4:32
that.
4:33
And
4:33
what
4:33
makes
4:33
your
4:33
personal
4:34
journey,
4:34
I
4:34
think
4:35
so
4:35
interesting
4:35
is
4:35
you
4:36
talk
4:36
about
4:36
how
4:36
during
4:37
COVID
4:37
you
4:38
gained
4:38
all
4:38
this
4:38
weight,
4:38
but
4:39
you
4:39
weren't
4:39
new
4:40
to
4:40
the
4:40
concept
4:41
of
4:41
weight
4:41
management.
4:42
I
4:42
mean,
4:42
you
4:42
had
4:42
already
4:43
written
4:43
the
4:43
end
4:43
of
4:44
overeating
4:45
years
4:45
before
4:45
that.
4:46
So
4:46
you'd
4:46
already
4:46
researched
4:47
it
4:47
and
4:47
looked
4:48
into
4:48
it
4:48
and.
4:49
And
4:49
yet
4:49
it
4:50
still
4:50
kind
4:50
of
4:50
snuck
4:51
up
4:51
on
4:51
you.
4:51
Did
4:51
that,
4:51
did
4:52
that
4:52
kind
4:52
of
4:52
surprise
4:52
you?
4:53
Absolutely.
4:54
I
4:54
was,
4:54
you
4:54
know,
4:55
I
4:55
did,
4:55
you
4:55
know,
4:55
with
4:56
a
4:56
team,
4:56
we
4:56
did
4:56
the
4:57
food
4:57
label
4:58
back
4:59
in
4:59
the
4:59
1990s,
5:00
you
5:00
know,
5:00
that
5:00
nutrition
5:01
facts
5:02
panel
5:03
on,
5:04
you
5:04
know,
5:04
all
5:04
packaged
5:05
foods
5:06
in
5:06
the
5:06
United
5:06
States.
5:07
You
5:08
know,
5:08
I
5:08
had
5:08
written
5:08
in
5:09
this
5:09
area,
5:10
but
5:10
I
5:10
still
5:11
had
5:12
just,
5:12
you
5:12
know,
5:13
very
5:13
hard
5:13
time
5:14
controlling
5:15
weight.
5:15
You
5:15
know,
5:15
I
5:16
would
5:16
always
5:16
be
5:16
able
5:16
to
5:17
lose
5:17
it.
5:18
Right.
5:18
Get
5:19
it
5:19
off.
5:20
But
5:21
then,
5:21
you
5:21
know,
5:22
I
5:22
would
5:22
go
5:22
on
5:23
with
5:23
life
5:24
and
5:24
I
5:25
would
5:25
gain
5:25
it
5:25
back.
5:26
And
5:26
I
5:26
really
5:26
didn't
5:27
understand
5:28
why.
5:28
I
5:29
didn't
5:29
understand
5:29
what
5:30
was
5:30
driving
5:30
that.
5:31
Yeah.
5:31
And
5:31
here
5:31
you
5:31
are
5:32
within
5:32
the
5:32
medical
5:32
system,
5:34
struggling
5:34
with
5:34
the
5:34
things
5:35
that
5:35
so
5:35
many
5:35
Americans
5:36
and
5:36
worldwide
5:37
are
5:37
struggling
5:37
with.
5:38
But
5:39
yet
5:39
you
5:39
had
5:39
the
5:39
inside
5:40
track.
5:40
So
5:41
what
5:41
do
5:41
you
5:41
think?
5:42
I
5:42
mean,
5:42
it's
5:42
such
5:42
a
5:42
broad
5:43
question,
5:43
but
5:43
what
5:43
are
5:43
we
5:43
doing
5:44
wrong?
5:44
Why
5:44
aren't
5:44
we
5:44
succeeding
5:45
as
5:45
doctors,
5:46
as
5:46
a
5:46
government,
5:47
as
5:47
you
5:47
know,
5:47
the
5:48
fda,
5:48
the
5:48
dietary
5:49
guidelines?
5:49
Why
5:49
aren't
5:50
we
5:50
succeeding
5:50
in
5:51
helping
5:51
people
5:52
maintain
5:52
a
5:52
healthy
5:53
weight
5:53
and
5:54
sort
5:54
of
5:54
by
5:55
association,
5:55
healthy
5:56
metabolism,
5:57
metabolic
5:58
health?
5:58
I
5:58
think
5:58
the.
5:59
You
5:59
tell
6:00
me,
6:00
but
6:00
I
6:00
think
6:01
our
6:01
colleagues,
6:02
the
6:02
medical
6:02
profession
6:03
has
6:03
been
6:03
relatively
6:04
clueless
6:05
on
6:06
what
6:06
is
6:06
going
6:07
on.
6:07
I
6:07
think
6:07
we've
6:07
turned,
6:08
we
6:08
can
6:08
turn
6:08
around
6:09
and
6:09
see
6:09
that
6:10
the
6:10
American
6:10
body
6:10
in
6:11
general,
6:12
overwhelmingly,
6:13
I
6:13
mean,
6:13
is
6:14
ill.
6:14
Only
6:15
12.2%
6:17
of
6:17
us
6:17
are
6:19
metabolically
6:19
healthy
6:20
when
6:20
it
6:20
comes
6:20
to
6:21
basic
6:21
parameters
6:22
of
6:23
blood
6:23
pressure,
6:24
blood
6:24
glucose,
6:26
lipids,
6:26
waist
6:27
circumference.
6:29
And
6:29
I
6:29
think
6:30
we,
6:30
more
6:30
importantly,
6:31
I
6:31
think
6:32
we
6:32
are
6:32
all
6:32
waking
6:33
up
6:33
to
6:33
the
6:34
fact
6:34
that
6:35
the
6:35
problem
6:35
is
6:35
not
6:35
weight.
6:36
Okay?
6:37
I
6:37
mean,
6:38
it
6:38
really
6:39
isn't
6:39
how
6:39
big
6:40
or
6:40
how
6:40
small
6:40
you
6:41
are,
6:42
but
6:42
it
6:42
is
6:43
this
6:43
toxic
6:43
fat,
6:44
this
6:44
visceral
6:45
adiposity,
6:45
the
6:46
abdominal
6:46
adiposity
6:48
that
6:48
is
6:48
metabolically
6:49
active.
6:51
You
6:51
know,
6:51
we
6:51
always
6:52
knew,
6:53
I
6:53
certainly
6:54
knew
6:54
that
6:54
weight
6:54
wasn't
6:55
good
6:56
for
6:56
us.
6:56
We
6:57
always
6:57
knew
6:57
it
6:57
was
6:57
a
6:58
risk
6:58
factor.
6:58
But
6:59
what
6:59
we
6:59
didn't
6:59
understand
7:01
was
7:01
that
7:01
it
7:01
was
7:02
causative.
7:02
It
7:02
was
7:03
in
7:03
the
7:03
causal
7:04
chain
7:05
of
7:05
many
7:07
cardiac,
7:08
renal,
7:11
metabolic
7:12
diseases,
7:13
diabetes,
7:14
certain
7:14
forms
7:15
of
7:15
cancer,
7:16
potentially
7:17
dementia,
7:18
that
7:19
this
7:19
visceral
7:20
adiposity
7:22
really
7:23
was
7:23
at
7:24
the
7:24
center
7:25
of
7:25
many
7:26
of
7:27
those
7:27
diseases.
7:28
Why
7:28
did
7:29
we
7:29
get
7:30
here?
7:30
What
7:31
happened?
7:32
I
7:32
think
7:32
that
7:33
the
7:34
way
7:34
I
7:34
look
7:34
at
7:34
it,
7:35
these
7:35
ultra
7:35
formulated
7:36
foods
7:37
that
7:39
consume
7:39
much
7:39
of
7:40
our
7:40
diet,
7:40
these
7:40
ultra
7:41
formulated
7:41
foods
7:42
trigger
7:42
the
7:42
addictive
7:43
circuits.
7:44
These
7:44
new
7:44
anti
7:44
obesity
7:45
drugs
7:45
can
7:46
help
7:46
tame
7:46
down
7:48
that
7:48
addiction.
7:49
But
7:50
the
7:50
ultimate
7:50
solution
7:51
is
7:51
obviously
7:52
to
7:52
deal
7:53
with
7:53
these
7:53
ultra
7:54
formulated
7:55
foods.
7:56
The
7:56
problem
7:56
is
7:56
this
7:56
visceral
7:57
adiposity.
7:57
The
7:58
only
7:58
way
7:58
you
7:59
get
7:59
into
7:59
trouble
8:00
is,
8:02
you
8:02
know,
8:03
that
8:03
accumulation
8:04
of
8:04
that
8:04
visceral
8:04
adiposity
8:06
that
8:06
is
8:07
a
8:07
result,
8:07
I
8:08
think,
8:08
I
8:08
mean,
8:08
it's
8:09
complex.
8:10
There's
8:10
no
8:10
doubt.
8:11
You
8:11
have
8:11
to
8:11
be
8:11
in
8:11
an
8:12
energy
8:13
positive
8:13
state
8:14
to
8:14
accumulate
8:14
that
8:15
visceral
8:15
adiposity.
8:16
But
8:16
the
8:17
composition
8:17
of
8:17
food
8:18
also
8:19
adds
8:20
fuel
8:21
to
8:21
the
8:22
fire.
8:23
We're
8:23
just
8:23
waking
8:24
up
8:24
to
8:24
this
8:25
and
8:25
I
8:25
think,
8:26
you
8:26
know,
8:26
medicine
8:27
has
8:28
really
8:28
not
8:29
distinguished
8:29
itself,
8:32
you
8:32
know,
8:32
greatly
8:33
on
8:34
this
8:34
issue.
8:34
Yeah,
8:35
it
8:35
is
8:35
interesting
8:35
as
8:36
we
8:36
start
8:36
to
8:36
realize
8:37
something,
8:38
I
8:38
don't
8:38
know,
8:38
being
8:39
so
8:39
obvious,
8:39
we
8:39
always
8:40
ask
8:40
the
8:40
question,
8:40
well,
8:41
why
8:41
didn't
8:41
we
8:41
know
8:41
this
8:41
earlier
8:42
and
8:42
it
8:43
wasn't
8:43
so
8:43
obvious,
8:43
this
8:44
connection
8:44
that
8:44
you're
8:44
drawing,
8:45
you
8:45
know,
8:45
a
8:45
decade
8:46
ago,
8:46
20
8:46
years
8:46
ago,
8:46
maybe
8:47
wasn't
8:47
so
8:47
obvious
8:48
and
8:49
really
8:49
is
8:49
taking
8:49
sort
8:50
of
8:50
a
8:50
new
8:50
focus.
8:51
Fellow
8:52
mental
8:52
health
8:52
clinicians
8:53
and
8:53
healthcare
8:53
providers,
8:54
you
8:54
now
8:54
have
8:55
access
8:55
to
8:55
a
8:55
suite
8:56
of
8:56
free
8:56
CME
8:57
lectures
8:58
on
8:58
metabolic
8:58
psychiatry
8:59
and
8:59
Metabolic
9:00
Health.
9:00
Each
9:01
of
9:01
these
9:01
CME
9:01
sessions
9:02
provide
9:02
insight
9:03
on
9:03
incorporating,
9:03
incorporating
9:04
metabolic
9:04
therapies
9:04
for
9:05
mental
9:05
illnesses
9:05
into
9:06
your
9:06
practice.
9:07
These
9:07
CME
9:07
sessions
9:08
are
9:08
approved
9:08
for
9:08
AMA
9:09
Category
9:09
1
9:10
credits,
9:10
CNE
9:11
nursing
9:12
credit
9:12
hours,
9:12
and
9:13
continuing
9:13
education
9:14
credit
9:14
for
9:14
psychologists.
9:15
And
9:16
they're
9:16
completely
9:16
free
9:16
of
9:17
charge
9:17
on
9:17
mycme.com
9:18
now
9:19
back
9:19
to
9:19
the
9:19
video.
9:20
Now,
9:20
in
9:21
your
9:21
prior
9:21
answer,
9:21
though,
9:22
you
9:22
use
9:22
the
9:22
term
9:23
addiction,
9:23
which
9:24
I
9:24
think
9:24
is
9:24
really
9:24
interesting
9:25
because
9:25
in
9:25
your,
9:25
in
9:26
your
9:26
prior
9:26
books
9:26
and
9:26
your
9:27
prior
9:27
works,
9:27
you
9:27
didn't
9:28
use
9:28
the
9:28
term
9:28
addiction
9:29
so
9:29
much.
9:29
And
9:29
I
9:29
heard
9:29
you
9:30
recently
9:30
on
9:30
Food
9:30
Junkies
9:31
Podcast,
9:31
which
9:32
is
9:32
sort
9:32
of,
9:32
you
9:33
know,
9:33
all
9:33
about
9:33
food
9:33
addiction.
9:34
So
9:34
I'm
9:35
curious
9:35
to
9:35
learn
9:36
a
9:36
little
9:36
bit
9:36
more
9:36
about
9:36
your
9:37
sort
9:37
of
9:38
evolution
9:38
of
9:38
coming
9:39
to
9:39
the
9:39
word
9:39
addiction.
9:40
Because
9:40
it's
9:40
a,
9:40
you
9:41
know,
9:41
from
9:41
a
9:41
legal
9:41
standpoint,
9:42
from
9:42
a
9:42
regulatory
9:43
standpoint,
9:43
it's
9:44
kind
9:44
of
9:44
a
9:44
loaded
9:44
word.
9:45
If
9:45
we're
9:45
just
9:45
talking
9:46
amongst
9:46
ourselves,
9:47
yeah,
9:47
it
9:47
makes
9:47
sense
9:47
to
9:47
call
9:48
it
9:48
addiction.
9:48
But
9:48
for
9:49
you,
9:49
someone
9:50
you
9:50
know
9:50
from
9:50
the
9:50
FDA
9:51
with
9:51
a
9:51
law
9:52
background,
9:52
for
9:53
you
9:53
to
9:53
call
9:53
it
9:53
addiction,
9:54
to
9:54
me,
9:54
sort
9:55
of
9:55
comes
9:56
with
9:56
a
9:56
little
9:56
higher
9:57
bar.
9:57
So
9:57
tell
9:57
me
9:58
about
9:58
that.
9:59
So
9:59
let's
10:00
just
10:00
see
10:00
if
10:00
we
10:01
can
10:01
agree
10:01
that
10:02
the
10:02
effect
10:02
of
10:03
these
10:03
foods
10:03
are
10:03
both
10:03
on
10:04
these
10:04
reward
10:05
or
10:05
addiction
10:06
circuits.
10:07
They
10:08
also
10:08
are
10:08
on
10:08
metabolic
10:09
circuits.
10:09
Right.
10:10
So
10:11
the
10:12
reason
10:12
for
10:12
the
10:12
complexity,
10:13
in
10:14
part
10:14
because
10:14
of
10:14
the
10:14
damage
10:15
and
10:15
because
10:15
this
10:15
is
10:15
so
10:16
hard,
10:16
is
10:16
because
10:16
they're
10:17
working
10:17
on
10:17
multiple
10:17
biological
10:18
systems.
10:19
No
10:19
doubt
10:20
in
10:20
my
10:20
mind
10:20
though,
10:21
they
10:21
are
10:21
working
10:21
on
10:22
these
10:22
reward
10:22
circuits.
10:24
And
10:24
by
10:24
they,
10:24
you're
10:24
specifically
10:25
talking
10:25
about
10:25
ultra
10:26
processed
10:26
foods
10:26
and
10:26
the
10:26
ultra
10:27
formulated
10:27
food.
10:28
Yeah,
10:28
I
10:28
mean,
10:28
I,
10:29
you
10:29
know,
10:29
I
10:29
call
10:30
them
10:30
ultra
10:30
formulated.
10:31
I
10:31
call
10:31
it
10:31
the,
10:31
you
10:32
know,
10:32
that
10:32
perfect
10:33
trifecta
10:33
of
10:34
fat,
10:34
sugar
10:34
and
10:34
salt,
10:35
fat
10:35
and
10:35
sugar,
10:35
fat
10:36
and
10:36
salt,
10:36
fat,
10:37
sugar
10:37
and
10:37
salt.
10:38
I
10:38
mean,
10:38
there's
10:39
no
10:39
doubt
10:39
that
10:40
they
10:40
trigger
10:40
the
10:40
reward
10:42
circuits
10:43
and
10:43
those
10:43
are
10:43
the
10:43
addictive
10:44
circuits.
10:44
Look,
10:45
I
10:45
think
10:45
the,
10:46
the
10:46
issue
10:46
is
10:47
that
10:49
the
10:49
word
10:50
addiction
10:50
is
10:50
generally,
10:52
you
10:52
know,
10:53
when
10:53
we
10:53
hear
10:53
that,
10:54
we
10:54
think
10:54
about
10:55
the
10:56
people
10:56
who
10:56
are
10:56
weak,
10:56
the
10:57
downtrodden,
10:58
right?
11:00
And
11:00
the
11:00
fact
11:00
is
11:01
that
11:02
maybe
11:03
we
11:03
just
11:03
have
11:03
to,
11:03
you
11:04
know,
11:05
just
11:05
tweak
11:06
that
11:07
paradigm
11:07
of
11:07
addiction,
11:08
Right?
11:08
Because
11:08
it's
11:09
not
11:09
about
11:09
the
11:09
weak,
11:10
it's
11:10
not
11:10
about
11:10
the
11:10
downtrodden,
11:11
it's
11:12
about
11:12
those
11:12
circuits.
11:12
In
11:13
all
11:13
of
11:13
us,
11:14
the
11:14
human
11:15
brain
11:15
evolved,
11:16
I
11:16
mean,
11:16
to
11:17
deal
11:17
with
11:17
scarcity,
11:19
not
11:19
abundance.
11:19
You
11:20
know,
11:20
and
11:20
from
11:20
much
11:21
of
11:21
human
11:21
history,
11:23
there
11:23
were
11:24
no
11:24
guarantees
11:25
to
11:25
when
11:25
our
11:25
next
11:25
meal
11:27
would
11:27
arrive.
11:27
So
11:28
our
11:28
biological
11:29
systems,
11:29
our
11:30
brains,
11:31
you
11:31
know,
11:32
will
11:33
seek
11:33
out
11:34
that
11:34
sweetest,
11:34
most
11:35
energy
11:35
dense
11:36
food.
11:36
So
11:36
we're
11:36
wired
11:37
to
11:37
focus
11:37
on
11:37
the
11:37
most
11:37
salient
11:38
stimuli
11:39
in
11:39
our
11:39
Environment.
11:40
It's
11:40
not
11:40
that
11:40
our
11:41
brains
11:41
are
11:41
not
11:41
working
11:42
well.
11:42
It's
11:42
not
11:42
that
11:42
our
11:42
brains
11:43
are
11:43
broken.
11:43
If
11:44
anything,
11:44
they're
11:44
working
11:45
too
11:45
well
11:46
for
11:46
the
11:47
current
11:48
environment.
11:49
I
11:49
think
11:49
there's
11:49
no
11:49
doubt
11:50
that
11:50
sweetness
11:51
or
11:52
these
11:52
complex
11:53
mixtures,
11:53
I
11:54
call
11:54
it
11:54
ultra
11:54
formulated,
11:55
not
11:55
ultra
11:55
process,
11:57
just
11:57
a
11:57
nuance
11:58
of
11:58
addiction.
11:59
You
11:59
know,
11:59
those
12:00
ultra
12:01
formulated
12:02
foods,
12:03
you
12:03
know,
12:03
what
12:03
we
12:04
did
12:04
was
12:04
we,
12:04
you
12:04
know,
12:05
we
12:05
put
12:05
them
12:05
on
12:06
every
12:06
corner,
12:06
we
12:06
made
12:06
them
12:07
available
12:07
24
12:07
7,
12:08
we
12:08
made
12:08
it
12:08
socially
12:09
acceptable
12:09
to
12:09
eat
12:09
anytime.
12:10
You
12:11
know,
12:11
we're
12:11
living
12:11
in
12:12
a
12:12
food
12:12
circus.
12:13
You
12:14
know,
12:14
what
12:14
did
12:14
we
12:14
expect
12:14
to
12:15
happen?
12:15
But
12:16
you
12:16
know,
12:16
the
12:17
fact
12:17
that
12:17
they
12:18
are
12:18
reinforcing,
12:19
and
12:19
I
12:19
think
12:19
this
12:20
is
12:20
key,
12:21
is
12:21
that,
12:22
what
12:22
do
12:22
we
12:22
mean
12:23
by
12:23
that?
12:23
I
12:23
mean
12:24
they
12:24
are,
12:24
they
12:24
are
12:24
psychoactive,
12:25
they
12:26
can
12:26
change
12:26
how
12:26
we
12:27
feel.
12:27
I
12:27
can
12:28
certainly
12:28
tell
12:28
you
12:28
how
12:29
I
12:29
use
12:29
food.
12:30
You
12:30
know,
12:30
it's
12:30
10
12:31
o'
12:31
clock
12:31
at
12:31
night,
12:31
I'm
12:32
tired,
12:33
you
12:33
know,
12:33
I'm
12:33
fatigued.
12:34
I
12:34
need
12:35
to,
12:35
I
12:36
need
12:36
to,
12:36
you
12:36
know,
12:37
focus
12:37
for
12:38
the
12:38
next
12:38
several
12:38
hours
12:39
to
12:39
get
12:39
work,
12:40
you
12:40
know,
12:40
give
12:40
me
12:41
something
12:41
to
12:41
eat,
12:42
you
12:42
know,
12:42
and
12:42
it's
12:42
not
12:42
broccoli,
12:43
I
12:43
can
12:43
tell
12:43
you
12:43
at
12:44
10:00
12:44
clock
12:44
at
12:44
night.
12:45
And
12:46
I
12:46
mean
12:46
I
12:46
would
12:47
condition
12:47
myself
12:48
to
12:49
use
12:49
that
12:49
food
12:50
to
12:50
change
12:50
how
12:50
I
12:51
feel.
12:53
And
12:53
I
12:54
think
12:54
that's,
12:55
you
12:55
know,
12:55
just
12:55
food
12:55
is
12:56
very
12:56
powerful.
12:56
Yeah,
12:57
yeah,
12:58
well,
12:58
and
12:58
the
12:59
food
12:59
that
12:59
we
12:59
recommend
13:00
as
13:01
a
13:01
country,
13:02
as
13:02
a
13:02
government,
13:03
as
13:03
a,
13:03
as
13:03
a
13:03
medical
13:04
society
13:06
is
13:06
supposedly
13:07
geared
13:08
towards
13:08
the
13:09
healthy
13:09
person.
13:10
Right.
13:10
Someone
13:10
without
13:11
metabolic
13:12
dysfunction
13:12
and
13:13
presumably
13:13
someone
13:13
without
13:14
a
13:14
food
13:15
addiction
13:16
background.
13:16
But
13:18
it's
13:18
not
13:18
really
13:18
in
13:19
practice
13:19
that
13:19
way,
13:19
is
13:19
it?
13:20
So
13:20
you
13:20
wrote
13:20
a
13:20
recent
13:21
op
13:21
ed
13:22
for
13:22
the
13:22
Wall
13:22
Street
13:22
Journal
13:23
talking
13:23
about
13:24
how
13:25
you
13:26
were
13:26
recommending
13:26
a
13:26
separate
13:28
recommendation
13:28
for
13:29
people
13:29
with
13:29
metabolic
13:30
dysfunction,
13:31
including
13:31
a
13:31
low
13:31
carb
13:32
diet.
13:32
So
13:32
I'm
13:32
curious
13:33
if
13:33
this
13:34
concept
13:35
of,
13:35
you
13:35
know,
13:35
one
13:36
healthy
13:36
diet
13:36
for
13:36
everyone
13:37
is
13:37
just
13:37
now
13:38
outdated
13:38
and
13:39
completely
13:39
unhelpful.
13:40
So
13:40
what
13:40
do
13:41
you
13:41
think
13:41
there
13:42
So.
13:42
A
13:42
lot
13:42
to
13:43
unpack
13:43
in
13:43
what
13:43
you
13:44
just
13:44
said.
13:45
What,
13:46
you
13:46
know,
13:47
became
13:47
apparent
13:48
to
13:48
me.
13:49
Right.
13:49
And
13:50
I
13:50
think
13:50
increasingly
13:51
when
13:52
we,
13:52
you
13:53
know,
13:53
our
13:54
understanding
13:55
of,
13:55
of
13:56
metabolism
13:58
is
13:59
this
13:59
visceral
13:59
adiposity
14:00
is
14:00
the
14:01
culprit.
14:01
Right.
14:02
What
14:02
do
14:02
we
14:02
mean
14:02
by
14:02
this
14:03
visceral
14:03
adiposity?
14:03
I
14:04
mean,
14:04
it's
14:04
basically
14:04
this
14:04
fat
14:05
accumulated
14:05
in
14:05
the
14:05
liver,
14:06
in
14:06
the
14:07
pancreas,
14:07
I
14:07
mean
14:08
in
14:08
the
14:08
heart.
14:08
It's
14:09
ectopic
14:09
fat,
14:10
it's
14:10
pro
14:10
inflammatory,
14:11
it's
14:11
releasing
14:12
all
14:12
these
14:12
cytokines
14:13
and
14:13
chemokines
14:14
that
14:14
are
14:14
causing
14:15
organ
14:16
dysfunction.
14:17
You
14:17
know,
14:18
interestingly,
14:18
it's,
14:18
it's,
14:19
it,
14:19
it's
14:20
not
14:20
all
14:20
the
14:20
fat.
14:20
Not
14:21
that
14:21
I'm
14:21
giving,
14:21
you
14:21
know,
14:22
subcutaneous
14:22
fat
14:23
a
14:23
clean
14:23
bill
14:23
of
14:23
health.
14:24
But
14:24
there
14:24
seems
14:25
to
14:25
be
14:25
this
14:25
sick
14:26
fat
14:26
that
14:26
accumulates
14:27
in
14:27
the
14:27
abdomen
14:29
that
14:29
is
14:29
worse.
14:30
The
14:30
thing
14:31
that
14:31
once
14:31
you've
14:32
are
14:33
in,
14:34
once
14:34
that
14:34
there's
14:35
visceral
14:35
adaptate,
14:37
right.
14:38
The,
14:38
the
14:38
one
14:39
thing
14:39
that
14:41
I
14:41
am
14:41
absolutely
14:42
convinced
14:43
the
14:43
science
14:43
shows
14:44
is
14:45
that
14:46
if
14:46
you
14:47
are
14:47
hyperinsulinemic,
14:49
right.
14:49
If
14:49
you're
14:50
insulin
14:50
resistant,
14:51
right.
14:52
That
14:52
is
14:52
going
14:52
to
14:53
add
14:54
fuel
14:54
to
14:54
the
14:54
visceral
14:55
adiposity
14:55
and
14:56
make
14:56
it
14:56
worse.
14:56
Now
14:57
I
14:57
think
14:58
the
14:58
sort
14:59
of
14:59
silent
15:00
epidemic
15:02
that's
15:02
happened
15:03
in
15:03
the
15:03
last
15:04
20
15:05
years,
15:05
I
15:06
mean
15:06
there
15:06
has
15:07
been
15:07
a
15:07
doubling
15:07
in
15:08
insulin
15:08
levels
15:09
throughout,
15:11
in
15:11
the
15:11
United
15:11
States.
15:12
I
15:12
mean
15:12
just
15:12
blood
15:12
insulin
15:13
levels.
15:13
And
15:13
we
15:14
know
15:14
that
15:14
if
15:14
you
15:15
are
15:15
in
15:15
a
15:16
weight
15:16
gaining
15:17
state,
15:18
in
15:18
an
15:18
energy
15:19
positive
15:20
state,
15:21
if
15:21
you
15:21
have
15:21
this
15:22
visceral
15:22
adiposity,
15:24
that
15:24
hyperinsulinemia
15:26
is,
15:27
I
15:27
mean,
15:27
is
15:28
just
15:28
doing
15:28
you
15:28
no
15:28
good.
15:29
Bring
15:29
down
15:29
that
15:29
hyperinsulinemia
15:32
and
15:33
we
15:33
can
15:33
see
15:34
much
15:34
of
15:34
the
15:34
metabolic
15:35
disease
15:36
disappear.
15:37
And
15:37
I
15:38
think
15:38
one
15:39
of
15:39
the
15:39
great
15:39
debates
15:40
is
15:41
what's
15:41
the
15:41
effect
15:42
of
15:43
this
15:43
ultra
15:43
processed
15:44
food
15:45
on
15:46
insulin
15:47
levels?
15:48
Right?
15:49
And
15:49
you
15:50
know,
15:50
I
15:50
think
15:50
that
15:51
certainly
15:52
when
15:52
you
15:52
see
15:53
in
15:53
an
15:53
environment
15:53
of
15:54
excess
15:54
calories,
15:55
of
15:55
energy
15:55
dense
15:56
foods,
15:56
I
15:57
mean
15:57
this
15:57
ultra
15:58
processed,
15:58
ultra
15:59
formulated
15:59
foods,
16:00
not
16:00
talking
16:00
about
16:00
the
16:00
addictive
16:01
circuits
16:01
now,
16:01
I'm
16:01
talking
16:01
about
16:01
the
16:01
metabolic
16:02
circuits.
16:03
So
16:03
I
16:03
mean
16:03
I
16:04
take
16:04
food,
16:05
I
16:05
remove
16:05
anything
16:07
that
16:07
has
16:07
any
16:07
structure,
16:08
I
16:09
mean
16:09
to
16:09
the
16:09
food.
16:10
So
16:10
the
16:10
food
16:10
I
16:11
mean
16:11
is
16:11
just,
16:12
you
16:12
know,
16:13
fat,
16:13
sugar
16:14
and
16:14
salt
16:15
and
16:15
the
16:15
glucose
16:16
and
16:16
the
16:16
fructose
16:16
get
16:17
so
16:17
rapidly
16:17
absorbed,
16:18
right?
16:19
They
16:19
flush
16:19
through
16:19
the
16:19
stomach,
16:20
they
16:20
get
16:20
absorbed
16:20
rapidly
16:21
into
16:22
that,
16:23
the,
16:23
through
16:24
the
16:24
duodenum,
16:25
through
16:25
the
16:26
early
16:26
part
16:26
of
16:26
the
16:26
small
16:26
intestine
16:28
and
16:28
they
16:28
give
16:28
rise
16:29
to
16:29
these
16:29
rapid
16:29
glucose
16:30
spikes.
16:30
And
16:30
we've
16:30
always
16:31
been
16:31
focused
16:31
on
16:31
glucose,
16:32
but
16:33
in
16:33
some
16:33
ways
16:33
what
16:34
we
16:34
don't
16:34
measure,
16:35
I
16:35
mean
16:35
because
16:35
it's
16:36
complex,
16:37
the
16:37
assays
16:37
aren't
16:38
as
16:38
reliable,
16:39
is
16:39
we
16:39
don't
16:39
measure
16:40
insulin
16:40
levels.
16:41
But
16:42
when
16:42
you
16:42
look
16:42
carefully,
16:43
the
16:43
reason
16:43
why
16:44
glucose
16:44
isn't
16:45
even
16:46
more
16:46
off
16:46
the
16:46
charts
16:47
from
16:47
this
16:47
processed
16:48
food
16:48
is
16:48
because
16:48
that
16:48
we're
16:49
becoming
16:49
hyperinsulinemic
16:50
and
16:50
that
16:50
insulin
16:50
is
16:51
trying
16:51
to
16:51
bring
16:51
down
16:52
that
16:52
glucose.
16:52
So
16:53
imagine,
16:53
right.
16:54
I
16:54
mean,
16:54
so
16:55
by
16:55
the
16:55
time
16:55
the
16:55
glucose
16:55
is
16:56
elevated,
16:56
the
16:56
process
16:57
has
16:57
been
16:57
going
16:57
on
16:57
for
16:58
so
16:58
long
16:58
already,
16:59
but
16:59
we
16:59
missed
17:00
it
17:00
because
17:00
we
17:00
didn't
17:00
measure
17:01
the
17:01
insulin
17:01
levels.
17:03
I
17:03
mean,
17:03
I
17:03
think
17:04
that
17:04
that
17:05
is
17:05
fair.
17:05
And
17:05
then
17:05
the
17:06
question
17:06
is,
17:07
if
17:07
you
17:07
just
17:07
have
17:08
this
17:08
wrap,
17:08
if
17:09
I'm
17:09
just
17:09
pouring
17:10
in
17:11
rapidly
17:12
absorbable
17:12
glucose
17:13
and
17:13
fructose,
17:14
right.
17:15
What
17:16
does
17:16
that
17:16
do
17:16
to
17:16
your
17:16
insulin
17:17
levels?
17:17
Yeah,
17:17
I
17:18
think
17:18
there's
17:18
no
17:18
question
17:19
that
17:19
the
17:19
ultra
17:20
formulated
17:21
foods
17:22
are
17:22
playing
17:22
a
17:23
central
17:23
role
17:23
in
17:24
all
17:24
this.
17:24
I
17:25
guess
17:25
one
17:25
of
17:25
the
17:25
questions
17:26
I
17:26
have
17:26
though
17:26
is
17:26
is
17:27
it
17:27
going
17:27
to
17:27
be
17:27
enough
17:28
to
17:28
try
17:28
to
17:28
limit
17:29
it?
17:29
And
17:29
one,
17:29
how
17:29
do
17:29
we
17:30
limit
17:30
it?
17:30
Right.
17:30
There
17:30
are
17:30
all
17:30
these
17:30
different,
17:31
different
17:32
permutations
17:32
on
17:33
that.
17:33
But
17:33
the
17:33
question
17:33
of
17:33
is
17:34
it
17:34
going
17:34
to
17:34
be
17:34
enough?
17:34
And
17:35
so
17:35
that's
17:35
what
17:35
really,
17:36
really
17:36
got
17:36
my
17:36
attention
17:36
with
17:37
the
17:37
Wall
17:37
Street
17:37
Journal
17:37
editorial
17:38
you
17:38
wrote
17:38
about
17:39
dietary
17:40
guidelines,
17:41
including
17:41
a
17:41
low
17:42
carb
17:42
diet,
17:43
and
17:43
you've
17:44
been
17:44
in
17:44
the
17:44
fda,
17:45
you
17:45
know,
17:45
the
17:45
inner
17:45
workings
17:46
of
17:46
government
17:47
and
17:47
health
17:47
and
17:48
how
17:48
they
17:48
interact.
17:48
And
17:49
do
17:49
you
17:49
think
17:50
there's
17:50
any
17:51
viable
17:51
way
17:52
to
17:52
get
17:52
a
17:53
low
17:53
carb
17:53
diet
17:53
in
17:54
the
17:54
dietary
17:54
guidelines
17:55
directed
17:55
towards
17:56
people
17:56
who
17:57
are
17:57
metabolically
17:57
unhealthy
17:58
with
17:58
visceral
17:58
fat,
17:59
with
17:59
hyperinsulinemia?
18:00
You
18:01
know,
18:01
one,
18:01
couple,
18:01
couple
18:02
of
18:02
distinctions,
18:03
couple
18:03
of
18:03
nuances,
18:03
right?
18:04
You're
18:04
using
18:04
the
18:05
word
18:05
low
18:05
carb.
18:06
Give
18:07
me
18:07
a
18:07
little
18:07
room
18:07
here.
18:07
In
18:08
the
18:09
editorial,
18:09
in
18:10
the
18:10
op
18:10
ed
18:10
piece,
18:10
I
18:10
use
18:11
the
18:11
word
18:11
lower
18:11
carb.
18:12
Lower
18:12
carb.
18:12
Okay,
18:13
lower
18:14
carb.
18:14
I
18:14
mean,
18:14
I
18:15
mean,
18:15
the
18:15
reason
18:15
why,
18:16
look,
18:17
nutrition
18:18
is
18:18
probably
18:18
the
18:18
least
18:19
studied
18:19
field
18:20
for
18:20
the
18:20
amount
18:20
of,
18:21
you
18:21
know,
18:22
effect
18:22
on
18:22
health
18:23
that
18:23
we
18:23
could
18:23
imagine.
18:24
So
18:24
there's
18:24
a
18:24
lot
18:24
we,
18:25
we
18:25
don't
18:26
know
18:26
about
18:27
nutrition.
18:28
But
18:28
I
18:28
think
18:28
it
18:28
is,
18:29
I
18:29
mean,
18:30
it's
18:30
humbling
18:30
that
18:31
we
18:31
all
18:32
respond.
18:32
There's
18:33
just
18:33
such
18:33
great
18:33
variability.
18:34
I'm
18:35
not
18:35
sure
18:35
low
18:36
carb
18:36
or
18:36
ketogenic,
18:38
you
18:38
know,
18:38
we
18:39
can
18:39
choose
18:39
our
18:39
terms
18:40
is
18:40
necessary
18:41
for
18:41
everybody.
18:41
I
18:42
think
18:42
there's
18:42
great
18:42
variability
18:43
and
18:43
I
18:43
think
18:44
we
18:44
have
18:44
to
18:44
sort
18:44
that
18:44
out.
18:45
But
18:45
if
18:45
you're
18:45
hyperinsulinemic,
18:46
I
18:47
mean,
18:47
and
18:47
you
18:47
have
18:47
visceral
18:47
adiposity,
18:49
I
18:49
mean,
18:49
then
18:49
I'm
18:50
with
18:50
you.
18:50
I
18:50
mean,
18:50
then,
18:51
then
18:51
low
18:52
carb,
18:52
I
18:52
mean,
18:53
is,
18:55
you
18:55
know,
18:55
I,
18:56
you
18:56
know,
18:56
I,
18:56
I
18:56
think
18:57
can
18:57
be,
18:57
have
18:58
enormous
18:58
health
18:59
benefits.
18:59
Right.
19:00
Cutting,
19:01
cutting
19:01
that
19:02
out
19:03
for
19:03
somebody
19:04
who's
19:04
not
19:05
in
19:05
that
19:05
state.
19:07
Right.
19:09
I
19:09
think
19:09
that,
19:10
you
19:11
know,
19:11
certain,
19:12
I
19:12
mean,
19:13
you
19:13
know,
19:14
the
19:14
same
19:15
parameters
19:15
don't
19:15
apply
19:16
someone
19:16
who
19:16
has
19:16
a
19:16
seizure
19:17
disorder.
19:18
Right.
19:18
I
19:18
mean,
19:19
you
19:19
know,
19:19
I
19:19
mean,
19:20
if
19:21
I
19:21
want
19:21
to
19:21
achieve
19:21
a
19:22
ketogenic
19:22
diet
19:23
because
19:24
I
19:24
want
19:24
to
19:24
quiet
19:25
down
19:25
certain
19:26
neural
19:26
oscillations,
19:27
right?
19:29
So
19:29
I
19:29
think,
19:30
tell
19:31
me
19:31
what
19:31
we
19:31
need
19:32
to
19:32
treat
19:33
and
19:33
what
19:33
we
19:33
need
19:33
to
19:34
get.
19:34
Right.
19:34
But
19:35
I
19:35
think
19:35
we're
19:35
at
19:36
a
19:36
point
19:36
where
19:37
half
19:38
the
19:38
country
19:38
is
19:38
hyperinsulinemic.
19:41
And
19:41
I
19:41
think
19:41
that
19:42
we
19:42
have
19:42
to
19:42
recognize
19:43
that
19:43
these
19:43
ultra
19:44
formulated,
19:45
ultra
19:45
processed,
19:46
energy
19:46
dense,
19:47
highly
19:47
rapidly
19:48
absorbed,
19:49
you
19:49
know,
19:49
high
19:49
glycemic
19:51
foods
19:52
are
19:52
just
19:53
adding
19:53
real
19:54
toxicity,
19:55
real
19:55
poison
19:56
to
19:56
the
19:56
system.
19:57
And
19:57
we
19:58
just
19:58
got
19:58
to
19:58
Wake
19:58
up
19:58
to
19:58
that.
19:59
Absolutely
19:59
right.
19:59
And
20:00
like
20:00
you
20:00
made
20:00
reference
20:00
to,
20:01
if
20:01
you're
20:01
treating
20:01
a
20:01
seizure
20:02
disorder,
20:02
if
20:02
you're
20:03
trying
20:03
to
20:03
treat
20:04
bipolar
20:04
disorder,
20:05
schizophrenia,
20:05
you
20:06
know,
20:06
we're
20:06
seeing
20:06
the
20:07
effects
20:07
of
20:07
a
20:07
ketogenic
20:08
diet,
20:08
but
20:09
that's
20:09
very
20:09
different
20:09
than
20:10
saying
20:10
we
20:11
have
20:11
a
20:11
countrywide,
20:12
a
20:13
global
20:13
population
20:14
crisis
20:15
of
20:15
metabolic
20:16
health,
20:16
and
20:17
how
20:17
do
20:17
we
20:17
best
20:18
intervene
20:18
to.
20:19
To
20:20
reverse
20:20
that?
20:20
And,
20:21
you
20:21
know,
20:21
it
20:21
seems
20:21
like
20:21
the
20:22
medical
20:22
answer
20:23
is
20:23
GOP1
20:24
medications,
20:24
but
20:25
from
20:25
a
20:26
dietary,
20:26
lifestyle,
20:27
nutrition
20:28
perspective,
20:28
I'd
20:28
like
20:28
to
20:29
think
20:29
we
20:29
can
20:29
still
20:30
have
20:30
significant
20:31
impact
20:31
and.
20:33
Sorry,
20:33
go
20:33
ahead.
20:33
Looks
20:34
like.
20:34
Go
20:34
ahead.
20:34
You
20:34
want
20:34
to
20:34
say
20:34
something?
20:35
No,
20:35
no,
20:35
I
20:35
interrupted
20:36
you.
20:36
I
20:36
apologize.
20:38
I
20:38
just
20:38
bristled
20:39
when
20:39
you
20:39
said
20:39
GLP1s
20:40
is
20:41
the
20:41
medical
20:41
answer.
20:42
I
20:42
mean,
20:42
I
20:42
think
20:43
that
20:43
the
20:44
right
20:44
medical
20:45
answer.
20:46
Right.
20:46
Is
20:47
to.
20:47
To
20:47
bring
20:48
to
20:48
bear
20:49
those
20:50
tools
20:50
that
20:51
are
20:51
effective,
20:52
of
20:52
which
20:52
GLP1s
20:53
can
20:54
be
20:54
one
20:54
tool.
20:55
Right.
20:55
But
20:56
I
20:56
think
20:56
the
20:56
medical
20:56
answer,
20:57
I
20:57
mean,
20:57
has
20:58
to
20:58
include
20:58
that
20:59
full
20:59
toolbox
21:01
of,
21:01
you
21:02
know,
21:02
nutrition
21:02
therapy,
21:04
physical
21:04
activity,
21:06
behavioral
21:06
therapy,
21:07
and
21:07
pharmacology.
21:08
Right.
21:08
And
21:09
like
21:09
you
21:09
said,
21:09
you
21:10
said,
21:10
a
21:10
medicine
21:11
alone
21:11
is
21:11
not
21:11
good
21:12
medical
21:12
care,
21:13
and
21:13
it's
21:13
critical
21:13
to
21:14
also
21:14
provide
21:14
nutrition
21:15
guidance.
21:16
But
21:17
the
21:17
question
21:17
is
21:18
absolutely,
21:19
I
21:19
mean.
21:19
Look,
21:20
you
21:20
know,
21:21
we're
21:21
in
21:22
a,
21:22
you
21:23
know,
21:25
what's
21:25
the
21:25
great
21:26
public
21:26
health
21:26
success
21:27
min
21:28
of
21:28
our
21:28
lifetime?
21:29
I
21:29
guess
21:30
there
21:30
could
21:30
be
21:30
a
21:30
bunch,
21:30
but
21:30
are
21:31
you
21:31
talking
21:31
about
21:31
tobacco?
21:32
I
21:32
mean,
21:33
to
21:33
back.
21:33
Right.
21:33
What's
21:34
the
21:34
great
21:34
public
21:34
health
21:34
failure
21:35
of
21:35
our
21:35
life?
21:36
Metabolic
21:37
health
21:37
and
21:37
food.
21:38
I
21:38
mean,
21:39
and.
21:39
And
21:39
obesity.
21:40
I
21:40
mean,
21:40
visceral
21:40
adiposity.
21:41
Right.
21:41
I
21:41
mean,
21:41
I
21:42
mean,
21:42
I
21:42
mean,
21:42
all
21:42
these
21:43
diseases.
21:44
I
21:44
mean
21:44
that.
21:45
All
21:45
these
21:45
chronic
21:48
diseases.
21:49
I
21:49
mean,
21:50
you
21:50
know,
21:52
no
21:53
doubt
21:53
if
21:53
you
21:54
were
21:54
a,
21:56
you
21:56
know,
21:57
if
21:58
you
21:58
came
21:58
down
21:58
from
21:58
another
21:59
planet
21:59
and
21:59
you
21:59
see
22:00
one
22:00
industry
22:01
making
22:01
billions
22:02
of
22:02
dollars
22:02
making
22:03
us
22:03
sick,
22:03
and
22:03
another
22:03
industry
22:04
making
22:04
billions
22:05
of
22:05
dollars
22:05
similar
22:06
profits
22:06
to
22:07
reverse
22:07
what
22:07
the
22:07
former
22:08
industry
22:09
does,
22:10
you
22:10
would
22:10
say,
22:10
you
22:11
know,
22:11
something's
22:12
wrong
22:12
with
22:12
that
22:12
picture.
22:13
Fix
22:13
the
22:13
underlying
22:16
problem.
22:17
But,
22:18
you
22:18
know,
22:18
I
22:18
mean,
22:19
this
22:19
is
22:19
at
22:20
the
22:20
core.
22:20
I
22:21
mean,
22:21
I
22:22
think.
22:22
I
22:22
mean,
22:22
this
22:23
is
22:23
at
22:23
the
22:23
core
22:23
of
22:23
medicine.
22:24
You
22:24
know,
22:25
my.
22:25
My
22:25
hat's
22:26
off.
22:27
You
22:27
know,
22:27
there
22:27
are
22:27
a
22:27
lot
22:27
of
22:28
people
22:28
deserve
22:28
a
22:28
lot
22:28
of
22:29
credit.
22:29
They've
22:29
been,
22:29
you
22:30
know,
22:30
I
22:31
mean,
22:32
you
22:32
know,
22:32
on
22:32
the
22:32
periphery.
22:33
Right.
22:34
You
22:34
know,
22:34
steering
22:35
back
22:35
to
22:35
the
22:35
Dietary
22:36
Guidelines,
22:36
there
22:36
was
22:36
another
22:36
part
22:37
of
22:37
the
22:37
book
22:37
that,
22:37
that
22:37
really
22:38
stuck
22:38
out
22:38
to
22:38
me
22:38
where,
22:39
where
22:39
you
22:39
said
22:42
the
22:42
dietary
22:43
Guidelines
22:43
sort
22:43
of
22:43
declare
22:44
certain
22:44
foods
22:44
as
22:45
healthy.
22:45
And
22:46
it
22:46
doesn't
22:46
explicitly
22:47
say
22:47
it,
22:47
but
22:48
it
22:48
provides
22:48
sort
22:48
of
22:49
the
22:49
aura
22:49
of
22:50
you
22:50
can
22:50
eat
22:50
as
22:50
much
22:50
of
22:51
these
22:51
quote
22:51
unquote,
22:52
healthy
22:52
foods
22:52
as
22:53
you
22:53
want.
22:53
And
22:54
since
22:54
those
22:54
by
22:55
definition
22:55
are
22:55
high
22:56
carb
22:56
foods,
22:56
the
22:57
way
22:57
the
22:57
Dietary
22:57
Guidelines
22:58
is
22:58
set
22:58
up,
22:58
it's
22:59
provided
22:59
an
22:59
environment
23:00
for
23:00
us
23:00
to
23:00
eat
23:01
lots
23:01
of
23:01
carbohydrates.
23:03
Do
23:03
me
23:03
a
23:03
favor.
23:04
Define.
23:04
I
23:04
mean,
23:04
one
23:05
of
23:05
the
23:05
problems
23:05
is,
23:06
you
23:06
know,
23:07
I
23:07
mean,
23:07
we
23:07
can
23:07
bring
23:08
our
23:08
friends,
23:08
you
23:09
know,
23:09
and
23:09
have
23:09
this
23:09
conversation.
23:10
What
23:10
do
23:10
we
23:10
even
23:11
mean
23:11
by
23:11
a
23:11
car
23:11
bottle?
23:12
Right,
23:12
so,
23:12
right.
23:13
So,
23:13
so,
23:13
so
23:13
am
23:13
I
23:14
talking
23:14
about
23:14
a
23:14
blueberry
23:14
or
23:15
am
23:15
I
23:15
talking
23:15
about
23:15
a
23:15
blueberry
23:16
muffin?
23:16
Well,
23:16
it's
23:16
not
23:16
really
23:17
defined
23:17
so
23:17
much,
23:17
is
23:18
it?
23:18
I
23:18
mean,
23:18
when
23:18
you
23:18
look
23:18
at
23:19
kids,
23:19
schools,
23:19
like
23:20
when
23:20
my
23:20
kid
23:20
goes
23:20
to
23:20
school,
23:21
he's
23:21
given
23:21
a
23:21
blueberry
23:22
muffin
23:23
as
23:23
part
23:23
of
23:23
his
23:24
healthy
23:25
breakfast
23:25
according
23:26
to
23:26
the,
23:27
the
23:27
Dietary
23:27
Guidelines.
23:28
But
23:28
I
23:28
would
23:28
argue
23:29
anything
23:29
but,
23:29
right?
23:30
40
23:30
to
23:31
65%
23:31
carbs.
23:32
I
23:32
mean,
23:32
I
23:33
mean,
23:33
there
23:33
is
23:33
a
23:33
line
23:33
in
23:33
there.
23:34
Eat,
23:34
you
23:34
know,
23:34
eat,
23:35
you
23:35
know,
23:35
fewer,
23:36
you
23:37
know,
23:37
refined
23:37
carbs
23:38
in
23:38
there.
23:40
But,
23:40
you
23:40
know,
23:42
there's,
23:43
look,
23:44
there's
23:45
every
23:45
bit
23:45
of
23:45
difference
23:46
between
23:47
that
23:47
carbohydrate
23:48
that
23:48
has
23:48
structure,
23:49
that
23:49
has
23:49
food
23:49
integrity,
23:50
that
23:50
has
23:50
fiber,
23:51
for
23:51
which
23:52
that
23:52
glucose
23:53
is
23:53
not
23:53
rapidly
23:54
absorbed.
23:54
And
23:55
I
23:55
think
23:55
that's
23:56
the
23:57
problem.
23:57
And
23:57
there
23:57
are
23:57
other,
23:58
quote,
23:58
complex
23:59
carbohydrates.
24:00
I
24:01
mean,
24:01
the,
24:01
the,
24:01
the,
24:02
the
24:02
starches,
24:03
and
24:03
I
24:03
mean,
24:03
that
24:04
are
24:04
every
24:05
bit
24:06
as
24:06
damning
24:07
as
24:07
that
24:08
sugar
24:08
and,
24:08
and,
24:09
and
24:09
fructose,
24:09
it
24:10
is
24:10
as
24:10
rapidly
24:10
absorbed.
24:11
And
24:11
look,
24:12
we
24:12
did,
24:13
we
24:13
did
24:14
the
24:14
food
24:14
label
24:14
back
24:14
in
24:15
the
24:15
1990s,
24:16
right?
24:17
And
24:17
you
24:18
know,
24:18
it
24:18
was
24:18
a
24:18
big
24:18
fight.
24:19
You
24:19
know,
24:19
we
24:19
were
24:19
very
24:19
proud
24:19
of
24:20
it.
24:20
But
24:20
we,
24:21
but
24:21
we
24:21
didn't
24:21
ask
24:22
the
24:22
question
24:23
of
24:23
what
24:23
is
24:23
the
24:24
biology
24:25
of
24:25
those,
24:26
you
24:26
know,
24:26
ingredients
24:27
they
24:27
were
24:27
putting
24:27
on
24:28
that
24:28
label.
24:29
It's
24:30
fine
24:30
if,
24:30
you
24:30
know,
24:31
we
24:31
can
24:31
talk
24:31
about,
24:32
you
24:32
know,
24:32
what's
24:32
the
24:33
fat,
24:33
what's
24:33
the
24:33
cholesterol,
24:34
what's
24:34
the
24:34
protein,
24:35
what's
24:35
the
24:36
carbohydrate,
24:37
what's
24:37
the
24:37
added
24:38
sugar
24:38
in
24:38
the
24:38
food?
24:39
But
24:40
no
24:40
one
24:40
asked
24:41
what's
24:41
the
24:41
effect
24:43
of
24:43
taking
24:43
all
24:43
that
24:44
structure
24:44
out,
24:44
processing
24:45
that
24:45
food,
24:45
having
24:46
those
24:46
rapid
24:47
risers
24:48
and
24:48
having
24:49
that
24:49
effect
24:49
that
24:49
hyperinsulinemia?
24:50
Well,
24:50
and
24:51
I
24:51
think
24:51
it's
24:51
a,
24:52
it's
24:52
clear
24:52
that
24:52
we
24:53
have
24:53
to
24:53
find
24:53
a
24:53
way
24:53
to
24:54
encourage
24:54
people
24:54
to
24:55
eat
24:55
less.
24:55
And
24:56
just
24:56
telling
24:56
them
24:56
to
24:56
eat
24:57
less
24:58
doesn't
24:58
work.
24:58
And
24:59
that's
24:59
why
24:59
I
24:59
was
24:59
referring
25:00
to
25:00
sort
25:00
of
25:00
this
25:01
halo
25:01
of
25:02
you
25:02
can
25:02
eat
25:02
as
25:02
much
25:02
of
25:03
these
25:03
healthy
25:03
foods
25:03
as
25:04
you
25:04
want.
25:04
And
25:04
again,
25:05
that's
25:05
where
25:05
GLP1s
25:06
can
25:06
come
25:06
in
25:07
to
25:07
help
25:07
people
25:07
eat
25:08
less.
25:08
So
25:08
I
25:08
think
25:09
we
25:09
also
25:09
have
25:09
to
25:09
steer
25:09
the
25:10
discussion
25:10
of
25:11
what
25:11
type
25:11
of
25:12
dietary
25:12
makeup
25:13
helps
25:13
people
25:14
naturally
25:14
eat
25:15
less.
25:16
And
25:16
I
25:16
think
25:16
forcing
25:17
them
25:17
to
25:17
eat
25:17
less
25:18
is
25:18
counterproductive.
25:19
And
25:19
that's
25:20
where,
25:20
you
25:20
know,
25:20
low
25:21
carb
25:21
keto
25:21
diets
25:22
certainly
25:22
can
25:22
come
25:22
in.
25:22
But
25:23
not
25:23
the
25:23
only
25:23
way
25:23
to
25:24
do
25:24
it.
25:25
Look,
25:26
I
25:26
think
25:27
you're
25:27
absolutely
25:29
right.
25:31
Gotta
25:31
eat
25:32
less,
25:32
exercise
25:33
more.
25:34
Right.
25:34
I
25:35
mean,
25:35
just,
25:35
I
25:35
mean,
25:36
it
25:36
was,
25:36
we
25:36
told
25:37
people
25:37
and
25:37
no
25:37
one
25:37
could
25:38
do
25:38
it.
25:39
And
25:39
why
25:39
can't
25:39
they
25:40
do
25:40
it?
25:40
They
25:41
can't
25:41
do
25:41
it,
25:41
you
25:42
know,
25:42
in
25:43
part
25:43
because
25:43
of
25:43
those
25:43
addictive
25:44
circuits.
25:45
Right.
25:47
And
25:47
now
25:48
you
25:48
have,
25:49
you
25:49
know,
25:50
these
25:50
GLP1
25:51
drugs,
25:52
right?
25:53
They
25:53
give
25:53
people
25:54
a
25:54
way
25:54
to
25:54
do
25:55
it.
25:55
Now,
25:56
I
25:56
think
25:56
we
25:56
have
25:56
to
25:57
be
25:57
clear
25:59
that
25:59
there's
25:59
really
25:59
no
26:00
magic.
26:00
I
26:00
mean,
26:01
the
26:01
pharmaceutical
26:01
industry
26:02
would
26:02
like
26:02
us
26:02
to
26:02
believe,
26:03
you
26:04
know,
26:04
there's
26:04
something
26:05
magical
26:05
about
26:05
these
26:06
drugs.
26:07
Right?
26:08
And
26:08
when
26:08
I
26:08
tell
26:08
my,
26:09
talk
26:09
to
26:09
my
26:10
colleagues
26:10
and
26:10
I
26:10
say
26:10
they
26:10
are
26:11
appetite
26:11
suppressants,
26:12
they
26:12
bristle,
26:13
Right.
26:13
Because
26:13
they're
26:14
more
26:14
than
26:14
appetite
26:15
suppressants,
26:16
they
26:16
say.
26:17
But
26:17
I
26:17
mean,
26:17
I
26:18
think
26:18
the
26:18
reality
26:18
is
26:19
least
26:19
in
26:19
significant
26:20
part,
26:20
probably
26:20
not
26:21
in
26:21
all,
26:21
you
26:21
know,
26:23
you
26:24
know,
26:24
entirely.
26:25
I
26:25
mean,
26:26
I
26:26
think
26:27
we're
26:28
coming
26:28
to
26:28
understand
26:28
that
26:29
they
26:29
work
26:29
by
26:29
delayed
26:30
gastric
26:30
empty.
26:31
So
26:31
food
26:31
stays
26:32
in
26:32
your
26:32
stomach
26:32
longer.
26:34
And
26:34
when
26:34
food
26:35
stays
26:35
in
26:35
your
26:35
stomach
26:36
longer,
26:36
you
26:37
know,
26:37
we've
26:37
all
26:37
experienced
26:38
that,
26:38
whether
26:39
it's
26:39
we
26:40
have
26:40
the
26:40
flu
26:41
with
26:41
this
26:41
decreased,
26:42
you
26:42
know,
26:42
our
26:42
GI
26:43
motility
26:44
or
26:44
we
26:44
have
26:44
food
26:44
poisoning,
26:45
food
26:45
just
26:46
builds
26:46
up,
26:46
I
26:46
mean,
26:46
in
26:47
our
26:47
stomach.
26:47
Last
26:48
thing
26:48
you
26:48
want
26:48
to
26:48
do
26:48
is
26:48
put
26:49
more
26:49
food
26:49
in
26:49
your
26:49
stomach.
26:50
The
26:50
problem
26:50
is,
26:51
I
26:51
don't
26:51
know
26:51
what
26:52
you're
26:52
seeing,
26:52
you
26:52
know,
26:53
in
26:53
your
26:53
patients,
26:54
but
26:54
the
26:54
average
26:55
patient
26:56
is
26:58
what
26:58
on
26:58
these,
26:59
you
26:59
know,
27:00
eight,
27:00
nine
27:00
months
27:01
is
27:01
the
27:01
data
27:02
that
27:02
I'm
27:02
seeing.
27:03
And
27:03
the
27:03
one
27:04
thing
27:04
we
27:04
know,
27:04
if
27:04
you
27:04
go
27:05
off
27:05
them,
27:06
you
27:06
know,
27:06
that
27:07
conditioning,
27:07
that,
27:08
that,
27:08
that
27:09
feeling,
27:09
that
27:09
visceral
27:10
malaise
27:10
that
27:11
the
27:11
late
27:11
gastric
27:12
emptying
27:12
is
27:12
going
27:12
to
27:12
go
27:13
away
27:13
over
27:13
time,
27:14
it's
27:14
going
27:14
to
27:14
fade
27:15
and
27:15
then
27:15
people
27:15
are
27:15
going
27:15
to
27:15
gain
27:16
back
27:16
the
27:16
weight.
27:16
So
27:17
three,
27:17
four
27:18
years,
27:18
you
27:18
know,
27:19
we're
27:19
going
27:19
to
27:19
look
27:19
at
27:20
this.
27:20
People
27:20
are
27:21
going
27:21
to
27:21
spend
27:21
thousands
27:21
of
27:21
dollars,
27:22
the
27:22
average
27:23
person's
27:23
on
27:23
this
27:23
for
27:23
eight,
27:23
nine
27:24
months
27:25
and
27:25
they're
27:25
going
27:26
to
27:26
gain
27:26
back,
27:26
we're
27:26
going
27:26
to
27:26
get
27:26
back
27:27
all
27:27
that
27:27
weight
27:27
and
27:27
want
27:27
to
27:27
say,
27:28
this
27:28
is
27:28
one
27:28
big
27:28
national
27:29
failure
27:30
unless
27:31
we
27:31
figure
27:31
out
27:31
how
27:32
to
27:32
use
27:32
these
27:32
drugs.
27:33
And
27:34
so
27:34
I
27:34
think,
27:34
you
27:35
know,
27:35
my
27:35
old
27:35
agency
27:36
needs
27:36
to
27:37
do
27:37
a
27:37
better
27:37
job
27:38
of
27:38
getting,
27:40
certainly
27:41
requiring
27:41
the
27:41
manufacturers.
27:42
I
27:42
mean,
27:42
how
27:42
are
27:43
we
27:43
going
27:43
to
27:43
use
27:43
these
27:43
drugs
27:44
in
27:44
the
27:44
real
27:44
world?
27:45
I
27:45
mean,
27:45
can
27:45
I
27:45
go
27:45
back
27:46
on,
27:46
can
27:46
I
27:46
go
27:46
off
27:47
them?
27:47
I
27:47
can
27:47
go
27:48
back
27:48
on
27:48
them.
27:48
Is
27:49
that
27:49
so
27:49
once
27:50
the
27:50
FDA
27:51
approves
27:51
The
27:51
drug.
27:52
I
27:52
mean
27:52
do
27:52
they
27:52
have
27:53
any
27:53
role
27:53
in
27:54
insane
27:54
how
27:55
they're
27:55
used
27:55
or
27:55
they're
27:56
just
27:56
approved?
27:56
Now
27:57
there's
27:57
post
27:57
marketing.
27:58
Well,
27:58
I
27:58
mean
27:59
they
27:59
certainly
27:59
have
28:00
requirements
28:00
to
28:01
get
28:01
the
28:02
data.
28:02
These
28:02
drugs
28:03
were
28:03
proved
28:04
under
28:04
the,
28:05
the
28:05
premise,
28:06
I
28:07
mean
28:07
the
28:07
people
28:07
will
28:08
stay.
28:08
On
28:08
them
28:08
for
28:08
life,
28:09
which
28:09
they're
28:09
not
28:09
doing.
28:11
Well,
28:11
I
28:11
mean
28:11
maybe
28:11
if
28:12
some
28:12
people
28:12
will
28:12
do
28:13
that.
28:13
But
28:14
I,
28:14
but
28:14
I,
28:14
you
28:15
know,
28:15
and
28:16
I'm
28:17
not
28:17
sure,
28:17
you
28:17
know,
28:17
what
28:18
percentage
28:18
we'll
28:19
see
28:19
but
28:19
that's
28:19
not
28:20
been
28:20
the
28:21
case.
28:22
And
28:22
you
28:23
know,
28:23
I
28:23
think
28:23
we're
28:23
all,
28:24
you
28:24
know,
28:24
people
28:24
are
28:25
experimenting
28:26
with
28:26
microdosing
28:27
and
28:27
intermittent
28:28
use
28:28
and
28:29
I
28:29
mean
28:29
that's
28:29
the
28:29
wild
28:30
west.
28:30
That's
28:30
no
28:30
way
28:31
to
28:31
do
28:31
pharmacology.
28:31
So
28:32
fda,
28:32
certainly
28:33
you
28:33
want
28:33
to
28:33
make
28:33
billions
28:34
of
28:34
dollars
28:34
selling
28:35
this
28:35
drug
28:35
in
28:35
the
28:36
United
28:36
States.
28:36
You
28:37
can,
28:37
FDA
28:37
can
28:38
require
28:38
them
28:38
to
28:38
do
28:39
studies,
28:39
the
28:39
post
28:39
marketing
28:40
studies
28:40
of
28:40
how
28:41
this
28:41
drug
28:41
can
28:41
be
28:42
safely
28:42
used.
28:43
It
28:43
certainly
28:44
has
28:44
the
28:44
authority
28:45
to
28:45
do
28:45
that.
28:45
Well,
28:45
and
28:46
I
28:46
like
28:46
your
28:46
analogy.
28:47
If
28:47
someone
28:47
came
28:47
from
28:48
outer
28:48
space
28:48
and
28:48
saw
28:48
one
28:49
industry
28:50
making
28:50
billions
28:50
of
28:51
dollars
28:51
sort
28:51
of
28:52
making
28:52
us
28:52
unhealthy
28:53
and
28:53
another
28:54
spending
28:54
billions
28:55
of
28:55
dollars
28:55
trying
28:55
to
28:55
undo
28:56
that,
28:57
it
28:57
seems
28:57
like
28:57
the
28:57
logical
28:58
place
28:58
is
28:58
not
28:58
to
28:59
focus
28:59
on
28:59
building
28:59
up
29:00
the,
29:00
the
29:00
after
29:01
effect,
29:01
but
29:01
to
29:01
try
29:02
and
29:02
cut
29:02
off
29:02
the
29:02
pre
29:03
effect
29:03
to
29:03
try
29:03
and
29:03
cut
29:03
off
29:04
the
29:04
industry
29:05
making
29:05
us
29:05
unhealthy.
29:06
But
29:06
in
29:06
the
29:06
world
29:06
of
29:07
regulation,
29:07
in
29:07
the
29:08
world
29:08
of
29:09
free
29:09
markets
29:09
and
29:10
companies,
29:10
is
29:10
there
29:10
any
29:11
hope
29:11
at
29:11
all
29:11
of
29:11
that
29:12
happening?
29:12
When
29:12
you're
29:13
taking
29:13
care
29:13
of
29:13
one
29:13
of
29:14
your
29:14
patients,
29:15
you're
29:15
going
29:15
to
29:15
tell
29:16
them
29:16
wait
29:16
for
29:16
the
29:16
day
29:16
where
29:17
the
29:17
environment
29:18
and
29:19
we
29:19
fix
29:19
the
29:19
environment.
29:19
Or
29:20
you're
29:20
going
29:20
to
29:20
try
29:20
to
29:20
help
29:20
them
29:21
today
29:22
to
29:22
reclaim
29:23
their
29:23
head.
29:23
I
29:24
mean,
29:24
I
29:24
think
29:24
for
29:24
the
29:25
first
29:25
time.
29:25
Tell
29:25
me
29:26
how
29:27
you
29:27
feel.
29:27
Right,
29:28
But
29:28
I
29:29
think
29:29
finally,
29:29
finally
29:30
we
29:30
have
29:30
the
29:30
tools
29:31
so
29:31
people
29:31
can
29:31
reclaim
29:32
their
29:32
metabolic
29:32
health.
29:32
Well,
29:33
that's
29:33
interesting.
29:33
I
29:34
mean
29:34
it
29:34
depends
29:34
on
29:34
what
29:35
the
29:35
tools
29:35
are.
29:35
So
29:36
for
29:36
me
29:36
personally,
29:37
you're
29:38
absolutely
29:38
right.
29:38
I'm
29:38
not
29:38
going
29:38
to
29:39
wait
29:39
for
29:39
that
29:39
day.
29:39
And
29:39
that's
29:40
why
29:40
I
29:40
use
29:40
low
29:41
carb
29:41
and
29:41
ketogenic
29:42
diets
29:42
in
29:42
a
29:42
lot
29:42
of
29:42
those
29:43
people
29:43
because
29:43
I've
29:43
seen
29:44
it
29:44
reduces
29:44
the
29:44
cravings,
29:45
it
29:45
addresses
29:46
the
29:46
addiction,
29:47
it
29:47
takes
29:47
away
29:47
the
29:48
potential
29:48
for
29:48
those
29:48
ultra
29:49
processed
29:49
foods.
29:50
But
29:50
that
29:50
certainly
29:51
hasn't
29:51
reached
29:52
mainstream
29:53
in
29:53
that
29:53
form
29:54
in,
29:54
in
29:54
medicine.
29:55
So
29:55
what,
29:55
what
29:56
tools
29:56
are
29:56
you
29:56
referring
29:56
to
29:57
when
29:57
you
29:57
say
29:57
we
29:57
have
29:58
the
29:58
tools?
29:58
No,
29:58
well
29:59
I'm,
29:59
I'm
29:59
talking
29:59
the
30:00
same
30:00
tool
30:00
you
30:00
and
30:00
I
30:00
have.
30:01
We
30:01
have,
30:01
we
30:01
have
30:01
the
30:01
same
30:01
tools,
30:02
right?
30:02
So
30:02
we,
30:02
we
30:03
have
30:03
nutrition
30:03
therapy,
30:04
of
30:04
which
30:04
there
30:05
can
30:05
be,
30:06
you
30:06
know,
30:07
diet,
30:07
you
30:08
Know,
30:08
we,
30:08
you
30:08
know,
30:09
the
30:09
ketogenic
30:10
diets,
30:10
lower,
30:10
low
30:10
carb
30:11
diets,
30:11
right?
30:12
So
30:12
that
30:12
can,
30:12
that
30:13
can
30:13
take
30:13
away
30:13
food
30:13
noise
30:14
for
30:14
some
30:14
people.
30:14
Fair.
30:16
And
30:17
we
30:17
also
30:17
have
30:17
a,
30:18
you
30:18
know,
30:18
some
30:18
drugs,
30:19
such
30:19
as,
30:22
not
30:22
just
30:22
the
30:23
GLP1s,
30:24
but
30:24
the
30:25
phentermine
30:25
topiramate
30:27
combinations.
30:29
How
30:29
did
30:29
those
30:29
drugs
30:29
work?
30:30
What
30:30
circuits
30:30
do
30:30
they
30:31
work
30:31
on?
30:32
And
30:32
then
30:32
we
30:32
have
30:32
the
30:32
GLP1
30:33
drugs.
30:33
Now
30:33
the
30:34
one
30:34
thing
30:34
that's
30:34
always
30:34
fascinated
30:35
me
30:36
and
30:36
I
30:36
can't
30:37
quite
30:37
understand
30:39
is
30:39
there's
30:39
no
30:40
doubt
30:40
that,
30:40
I
30:40
mean,
30:41
how
30:41
do
30:41
those
30:41
ketogenic
30:43
diets
30:43
decrease
30:45
that
30:45
food
30:45
noise?
30:45
What
30:45
are
30:46
they
30:46
doing?
30:47
Right?
30:47
And,
30:49
and
30:49
you
30:49
know,
30:50
some
30:50
of
30:50
my
30:50
colleagues,
30:50
well,
30:51
it's
30:51
ketone
30:51
bodies,
30:52
you
30:52
know,
30:52
when
30:53
I,
30:53
I
30:53
mean,
30:53
I
30:53
can
30:53
simulate
30:54
that
30:54
decrease
30:55
in
30:55
that
30:55
food
30:55
noise
30:56
by
30:56
either
30:56
these
30:56
aversive
30:57
circuits
30:58
can
30:58
counterbalance
30:59
those
30:59
addictive
30:59
circuits,
31:00
that
31:00
GOP
31:00
ones,
31:00
or
31:01
these
31:01
drugs
31:01
like,
31:02
you
31:02
know,
31:02
topiramate
31:03
can
31:03
change,
31:04
you
31:04
know,
31:04
the
31:05
neural
31:05
oscillations.
31:06
I
31:06
wonder
31:07
whether
31:07
the
31:07
ketogenic
31:08
diet
31:08
in
31:08
these
31:08
GLP1s,
31:09
I
31:10
mean,
31:10
in
31:10
these
31:10
other
31:11
drugs,
31:11
and
31:11
I
31:11
mean,
31:11
this
31:12
decrease
31:12
in
31:12
this
31:12
food
31:13
noise,
31:14
whether
31:14
the,
31:16
whether
31:16
the
31:17
kind
31:17
of
31:17
neural
31:17
changes
31:18
that
31:18
are
31:18
happening
31:19
that
31:19
mean
31:19
to
31:20
me
31:20
that
31:20
that
31:20
decrease
31:21
in
31:21
food
31:21
noise
31:21
is
31:21
just
31:21
a
31:22
reduction
31:22
of
31:22
that
31:22
addiction,
31:23
right?
31:23
It's
31:24
a
31:24
reduction
31:24
of
31:24
that
31:24
cue
31:25
induced
31:25
wanting,
31:25
right?
31:26
I
31:26
mean,
31:27
normally
31:27
I'm
31:28
highly
31:28
responsive.
31:28
I
31:28
go
31:28
in
31:29
front
31:29
of
31:29
the
31:29
refrigerator,
31:29
it
31:29
calls
31:30
out.
31:30
I
31:30
go
31:30
past,
31:31
you
31:31
know,
31:32
my
31:32
favorite
31:33
place,
31:34
you
31:34
know,
31:34
on
31:34
the
31:34
highway,
31:35
and
31:35
you
31:36
know,
31:36
all
31:36
of
31:36
a
31:36
sudden
31:36
I
31:36
get
31:36
cued,
31:37
I
31:37
get
31:37
these
31:37
thoughts
31:37
of
31:37
wanting
31:38
and
31:38
I
31:39
can't
31:39
get
31:39
it
31:39
out
31:39
of
31:40
my
31:40
head.
31:40
How
31:40
do
31:41
I
31:41
quiet
31:41
that
31:42
cue
31:42
induced
31:42
wanting,
31:43
right?
31:44
So
31:44
that
31:44
is
31:44
clearly,
31:45
you
31:45
know,
31:46
neural.
31:47
And
31:48
you
31:48
know,
31:49
my
31:49
sense
31:49
is,
31:49
I
31:50
mean,
31:50
there
31:50
are
31:51
neural
31:52
circuits,
31:52
not
31:52
just
31:53
one
31:53
neuro,
31:54
you
31:54
know,
31:54
neuro
31:55
chemical.
31:56
I
31:56
mean,
31:56
that
31:56
is
31:56
at
31:57
play
31:57
here.
31:59
And,
31:59
but
32:00
my
32:00
guess
32:00
is
32:00
if
32:00
we
32:01
understood
32:01
ketogenic
32:02
diets,
32:03
these
32:03
drugs
32:03
like
32:03
topiramate
32:04
and
32:04
these
32:04
GLP1
32:05
reward
32:05
mechanisms,
32:06
I
32:06
think
32:07
we
32:07
would
32:07
find
32:07
that,
32:08
hey,
32:08
maybe
32:08
there's
32:08
a
32:09
common,
32:09
common
32:10
link
32:11
to
32:11
that
32:11
food
32:12
satiety.
32:13
So,
32:13
you
32:13
know,
32:13
whether
32:14
I
32:14
can
32:14
achieve
32:15
that
32:15
aversion
32:17
through
32:17
GLP1s
32:18
or
32:19
whether
32:19
that
32:19
aversion
32:20
through
32:20
ketogenic
32:21
diets.
32:22
You
32:23
know,
32:24
I
32:24
think
32:24
that,
32:25
I
32:25
mean,
32:25
my
32:25
guess
32:25
is,
32:26
you
32:26
know,
32:27
we
32:27
just
32:27
don't
32:27
understand
32:27
ultimately
32:28
what
32:28
they're
32:28
working.
32:29
Yeah,
32:29
yeah,
32:29
you
32:29
know,
32:30
it's
32:30
a
32:30
good
32:30
point
32:30
and
32:30
it
32:31
is
32:31
fascinating.
32:31
I've
32:31
had
32:32
a
32:32
couple
32:32
of
32:32
interviews
32:32
recently
32:33
with
32:33
people
32:33
who
32:34
are
32:34
working
32:34
with
32:34
ketogenic
32:35
diet
32:35
specifically
32:36
on
32:36
addiction,
32:36
whether
32:37
it's
32:37
alcohol
32:37
or
32:37
drug
32:38
addiction.
32:39
And
32:39
certainly
32:40
that
32:40
also
32:40
plays
32:41
into
32:41
food
32:41
Addiction.
32:42
And
32:42
I,
32:42
like
32:42
in
32:42
your
32:42
book,
32:42
you
32:43
actually
32:43
quoted
32:43
Dr.
32:43
Tro.
32:44
Tro
32:44
Kalasian,
32:46
who's
32:47
been
32:47
a
32:47
vocal
32:48
supporter
32:48
of
32:48
using
32:49
ketogenic
32:49
diets
32:50
for
32:50
food
32:51
addiction.
32:51
So
32:51
I
32:52
think
32:52
there's
32:52
definitely
32:52
a
32:53
crossover,
32:53
and
32:53
I
32:54
don't
32:54
want
32:54
to
32:54
keep
32:54
bringing
32:54
it
32:55
up
32:55
to
32:55
say
32:55
ketogenic
32:56
diets
32:56
are
32:56
the
32:56
one
32:56
and
32:56
only
32:57
answer,
32:57
but
32:57
I
32:57
think
32:58
they
32:58
need
32:58
to
32:58
be
32:58
embraced
32:59
as
32:59
a
33:00
potential
33:00
answer,
33:01
especially
33:01
when
33:01
we're
33:02
Talking
33:02
about
33:02
the
33:02
GLP1s
33:03
not
33:04
being
33:04
as
33:04
successful
33:05
in
33:05
the
33:05
real
33:05
world
33:06
as.
33:06
As,
33:07
you
33:07
know,
33:07
the
33:08
FDA
33:09
had
33:09
hoped.
33:10
I
33:10
think
33:10
one
33:10
of
33:10
the
33:11
reasons,
33:11
one
33:11
thing
33:11
I
33:12
do
33:12
in
33:12
the
33:12
book
33:12
is,
33:12
you
33:13
know,
33:13
the
33:13
reality
33:13
that
33:14
people
33:14
are
33:14
only
33:14
going
33:14
to
33:14
be
33:14
on
33:15
these
33:15
GLP1
33:16
drugs
33:16
for
33:16
eight,
33:17
nine
33:17
months.
33:17
I
33:17
mean,
33:17
whatever
33:18
it
33:18
is,
33:18
some
33:18
people
33:19
will
33:19
be
33:19
on
33:19
it
33:19
for
33:19
years,
33:19
some
33:20
will
33:20
be
33:20
on
33:20
it
33:20
for
33:20
a
33:20
lifetime,
33:21
some
33:21
will
33:21
be
33:21
on
33:21
it
33:22
for
33:22
months.
33:22
But
33:22
what
33:22
do
33:23
you,
33:23
what
33:23
do
33:23
you
33:23
do
33:24
when
33:24
you
33:24
want
33:24
to
33:24
go
33:24
off
33:25
these?
33:26
How
33:26
are
33:26
you
33:27
going
33:27
to
33:27
control
33:27
appetite?
33:28
So
33:28
I
33:28
then
33:28
go
33:28
on
33:29
a
33:29
lower
33:29
carb
33:30
diet.
33:30
Yeah,
33:31
yeah.
33:31
So
33:31
how
33:32
do
33:32
we
33:32
get
33:32
to
33:32
the
33:32
point
33:33
where
33:33
we,
33:33
as
33:34
a
33:34
medical
33:35
society
33:35
and
33:36
nutrition
33:36
society
33:37
and
33:37
a
33:37
government
33:38
can
33:38
recommend
33:39
multiple
33:40
different
33:41
ways
33:42
of
33:42
eating
33:43
as
33:43
long
33:43
as
33:43
it
33:43
addresses
33:44
someone's
33:45
metabolic
33:46
health,
33:46
addresses
33:47
someone's
33:47
addictive
33:48
tendencies,
33:48
addresses
33:49
someone
33:50
overeating,
33:51
rather
33:51
than
33:51
saying,
33:52
here's
33:52
the
33:52
one
33:52
way
33:53
for
33:53
people
33:53
to
33:53
eat?
33:54
Well,
33:54
first
33:54
we've
33:54
got
33:54
to,
33:55
you
33:55
know,
33:56
as
33:56
they
33:56
say,
33:56
you
33:57
got
33:57
to
33:57
understand
33:57
the
33:57
problem.
33:58
You
33:58
got
33:58
to
33:58
understand
33:58
you
33:59
got
33:59
a
33:59
problem,
33:59
and
34:00
we
34:00
got
34:00
a
34:00
problem.
34:00
And
34:01
the
34:01
Dietary
34:01
Guidelines
34:02
have
34:02
failed.
34:03
Right?
34:03
And
34:04
they
34:04
failed
34:04
miserably.
34:05
I
34:05
mean,
34:05
again,
34:06
this
34:06
is
34:06
the
34:06
biggest
34:06
public
34:07
health
34:08
failure,
34:08
I
34:09
mean,
34:09
I
34:09
mean,
34:09
in
34:09
our
34:10
lifetime
34:12
before.
34:12
So
34:13
we
34:13
got
34:13
to
34:13
understand
34:14
there's
34:14
a
34:14
problem.
34:14
We
34:15
got
34:15
to
34:15
understand
34:16
what
34:16
the
34:17
cause
34:17
of
34:17
that
34:17
problem
34:17
is.
34:18
I
34:18
think
34:18
it
34:19
the,
34:19
you
34:19
know,
34:20
I
34:20
mean,
34:20
at
34:20
the
34:20
core
34:21
of
34:21
that
34:21
is
34:21
this
34:22
accumulation
34:22
of
34:22
this,
34:23
know,
34:23
for
34:24
lack
34:24
of
34:24
a
34:24
better
34:24
term,
34:24
this
34:25
toxic
34:25
fat,
34:25
this
34:26
visceral
34:26
adiposity,
34:27
this,
34:27
this
34:27
chronic
34:28
disease.
34:30
What
34:30
is
34:30
feeding
34:31
that
34:31
chronic.
34:31
That
34:31
visceral
34:32
adiposity?
34:32
I
34:33
think
34:33
it's
34:33
hyperinsulinemia.
34:34
What
34:34
is
34:35
triggering
34:35
that
34:35
hyperinsulinemia
34:36
for,
34:37
you
34:37
know,
34:37
what's
34:37
making
34:37
that
34:38
worse?
34:38
For
34:38
many
34:38
people,
34:39
I
34:39
think
34:39
it's
34:40
rapidly
34:40
absorbable
34:40
carbohydrates.
34:41
First
34:42
we
34:42
gotta
34:42
understand,
34:43
you
34:43
know,
34:43
we
34:44
got
34:44
a
34:44
problem.
34:44
And
34:45
once
34:45
we
34:45
understand,
34:46
you
34:46
know,
34:46
the,
34:46
the.
34:47
The.
34:47
The
34:47
cause,
34:48
right,
34:48
we
34:48
can,
34:49
you
34:49
know,
34:50
either
34:50
take
34:51
societal
34:51
action
34:52
or
34:52
we
34:52
can
34:52
take
34:53
individual
34:53
action,
34:53
but
34:53
at
34:54
least
34:54
we
34:54
can
34:54
be
34:54
armed
34:55
with
34:56
an
34:56
understanding
34:58
in
34:58
a
34:58
way
34:58
that,
35:00
you
35:00
know,
35:00
the,
35:00
the
35:00
fact
35:01
that,
35:01
I
35:01
mean,
35:01
how
35:01
many
35:01
books,
35:02
diet
35:02
books
35:02
have
35:02
been
35:02
written,
35:03
I
35:03
mean,
35:04
Right.
35:04
I
35:05
mean,
35:05
so.
35:05
So
35:05
the
35:05
fact
35:06
that,
35:06
you
35:06
know,
35:07
I
35:07
just
35:07
wrote
35:07
a
35:07
book,
35:08
you
35:08
know,
35:08
diet
35:08
Drugs
35:09
and
35:09
Dopamine,
35:09
on
35:09
the
35:09
mystery
35:10
of
35:10
weight
35:11
after
35:11
thousands
35:12
of
35:12
books
35:12
have
35:12
been
35:12
written,
35:13
you
35:13
know,
35:13
I
35:14
mean.
35:14
I
35:14
mean,
35:14
something's
35:15
wrong
35:15
with
35:15
that
35:15
picture.
35:16
And
35:18
I
35:18
think
35:19
there
35:19
is
35:20
a.
35:20
You
35:21
know,
35:21
as
35:21
docs,
35:22
I
35:22
mean,
35:22
there
35:23
is,
35:23
you
35:24
know,
35:24
much
35:24
of
35:24
this
35:24
chronic
35:25
disease,
35:25
I
35:26
mean.
35:26
I
35:26
mean,
35:26
goes
35:27
back,
35:30
you
35:30
know,
35:30
to
35:30
this
35:31
core
35:31
adiposity
35:32
that
35:32
is
35:32
being
35:33
fed
35:34
by
35:34
what.
35:34
By
35:35
what
35:35
we
35:35
eat.
35:35
All
35:35
right,
35:35
very
35:36
good.
35:36
Well,
35:36
I
35:37
really
35:37
want
35:37
to
35:37
thank
35:37
you
35:38
for
35:38
taking
35:38
the
35:38
time
35:39
to
35:39
join
35:39
me
35:39
today
35:40
to
35:40
explore
35:40
all
35:40
these
35:41
concepts
35:41
and.
35:42
And
35:43
if
35:43
people
35:43
want
35:44
to,
35:44
you
35:44
know,
35:44
find
35:44
more
35:45
about
35:45
you,
35:45
where.
35:45
Where
35:46
can
35:46
we
35:46
direct
35:46
them
35:46
to
35:46
go?
35:47
Oh,
35:47
well,
35:47
I
35:48
mean,
35:48
so
35:49
the
35:49
book
35:51
took
35:51
everything
35:51
I
35:52
could,
35:53
you
35:53
know,
35:53
I
35:53
mean,
35:54
took
35:54
everything
35:54
out
35:54
of
35:55
me.
35:55
Right?
35:55
I
35:56
mean,
35:56
it
35:56
was
35:57
an
35:57
intense
35:57
period.
35:59
You
36:00
didn't
36:00
tell
36:00
me.
36:00
What
36:00
did
36:01
I
36:01
get
36:01
wrong?
36:01
I
36:02
mean,
36:02
in
36:02
the
36:02
book,
36:02
what
36:03
did
36:03
you
36:03
get
36:03
wrong?
36:03
Well,
36:03
gosh,
36:04
that's
36:04
an
36:04
impossible
36:05
question
36:05
to
36:05
answer.
36:05
I
36:06
mean,
36:06
I'm
36:06
not
36:07
sure
36:07
there
36:07
is
36:07
a
36:07
right
36:07
or
36:07
wrong.
36:08
I
36:08
mean,
36:08
like
36:08
you
36:08
said,
36:08
you're.
36:09
You're
36:09
really
36:09
trying
36:10
to
36:10
lay
36:10
out
36:10
the
36:10
problem,
36:12
and
36:12
then
36:12
the
36:13
question.
36:13
I
36:13
think
36:13
the
36:13
question
36:14
is,
36:14
what
36:14
is
36:14
the
36:15
solution?
36:16
And.
36:16
And
36:16
how
36:17
do
36:17
we
36:17
go
36:17
about
36:17
doing
36:17
that?
36:18
There
36:18
are
36:18
so
36:18
many
36:18
different
36:18
layers
36:19
to
36:19
that
36:20
solution.
36:21
And
36:21
that's
36:21
why
36:21
I
36:21
did
36:21
the
36:22
book
36:22
that.
36:22
I
36:22
mean,
36:22
that's
36:22
what
36:23
I
36:23
try
36:23
to
36:23
do
36:23
in
36:23
the
36:23
book.
36:23
And
36:24
it's
36:24
not
36:24
beyond
36:25
our
36:25
reach,
36:25
right?
36:26
I
36:26
mean,
36:26
you
36:27
can.
36:27
You
36:27
can
36:27
make.
36:28
I
36:28
mean,
36:28
if
36:28
I
36:28
come
36:28
to
36:29
you,
36:29
right,
36:30
I
36:30
mean,
36:30
you
36:30
can.
36:31
You
36:31
can
36:31
help
36:32
me
36:32
become
36:32
metabolically
36:33
healthy.
36:33
Fair.
36:33
I
36:34
mean,
36:34
that's
36:34
a
36:34
profound
36:35
thing,
36:36
and
36:36
that's
36:36
gonna.
36:36
I
36:36
mean,
36:36
that
36:37
has
36:37
profound
36:37
implications.
36:38
Very
36:38
good.
36:39
I
36:39
encourage
36:40
everybody
36:40
then
36:40
to
36:40
check
36:41
out
36:41
your
36:41
book
36:41
to
36:42
learn
36:42
all
36:42
about
36:43
you
36:43
and
36:43
your
36:44
work
36:45
and
36:45
your
36:45
prior
36:45
books,
36:46
too.
36:46
So
36:47
we'll
36:48
link
36:48
to
36:48
them
36:48
in
36:48
the
36:49
description
36:49
of
36:50
this
36:50
episode
36:51
for
36:51
sure.
36:51
So
36:51
thank
36:52
you
36:52
again
36:52
for
36:52
joining
36:52
me.
36:53
Thanks,
36:54
Ramakhala.
36:56
Thanks
36:56
for
36:56
listening
36:56
to
36:57
the
36:57
Metabolic
36:57
Mind
36:58
podcast.
36:58
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36:58
you
36:59
found
36:59
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36:59
episode
36:59
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37:00
please.
37:00
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37:00
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37:00
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37:01
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37:01
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37:01
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37:01
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37:02
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37:02
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37:02
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37:02
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37:02
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37:03
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37:03
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37:03
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37:04
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37:05
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37:08
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37:09
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37:10
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37:10
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37:11
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37:11
Lastly,
37:12
if
37:12
you
37:12
know
37:12
someone
37:12
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37:13
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37:13
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37:13
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37:13
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37:14
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37:14
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37:15
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37:15
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37:15
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37:15
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37:16
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37:16
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37:16
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37:16
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37:17
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37:17
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37:17
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37:18
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37:18
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37:18
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37:18
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37:18
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37:19
Thanks
37:20
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37:20
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37:20
listening,
37:20
and
37:21
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37:21
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37:21
You
37:21
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37:21
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37:22
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37:22
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37:22
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37:22
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37:23
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37:23
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