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27 - Garibaldi and the Making of Italy by George Macaulay Trevelyan · Garibaldi and the Making of Italy

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  Speaker 1: Appendix Age of Garibaldi in the Making of Italy by
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  Speaker 1: George McAuley Trevillion. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain.
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  Speaker 1: Immediate causes of the evacuation of Salerno. The decision to
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  Speaker 1: recall the troops from Salerno was taken, according to Decevo
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  Speaker 1: section five, page thirty nine and Franchi section one, page
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  Speaker 1: one thirteen, not earlier than the evening of September fifth,
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  Speaker 1: and in consequence of the complaints of Marshal Rivera at
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  Speaker 1: Salerno to the effect that Garibaldi would assail him the
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  Speaker 1: next day and he was afraid of being captured in
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  Speaker 1: his bed. This is valuable as indicating that Martial Rivera's
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  Speaker 1: complaints of the situation at Salerno influenced the decision at Naples.
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  Speaker 1: But the hour is not perhaps quite accurate. The telegram
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  Speaker 1: from the Commander in chief in Naples to Marshal Rivera
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  Speaker 1: ordering him to retreat from Salerno is dated Naples two
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  Speaker 1: a m. Presumably September fifth. Whether the hour of this
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  Speaker 1: important telegram is correctly printed or not, it is certain
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  Speaker 1: that the actual retreat was begun in time for the
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  Speaker 1: Garibaldini to hear news of it. Whilst at dinner at
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  Speaker 1: Ueletta on the fifth. It appears therefore that the final
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  Speaker 1: decision to abandon Naples and to withdraw Rivera from Salerno
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  Speaker 1: was taken in the morning of September fifth, as a
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  Speaker 1: result of the telegrams, alurums and excursions of the night
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  Speaker 1: of September fourth and fifth, during which night a last
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  Speaker 1: reunion of ministers was held at night until dawn, and
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  Speaker 1: during which Forbes and Galena were worrying their false telegrams
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  Speaker 1: into Naples and Salerno. One of these is printed in
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  Speaker 1: Monie page two seventy three Galangatu, name of recipient not given.
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  Speaker 1: Euboli one thirty a m. September fifth, Calderelli's brigade has
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  Speaker 1: passed over to Garibaldi. Four thousand men commanded by Tour
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  Speaker 1: have landed at Sapri. Other landings will be effected nearer
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  Speaker 1: to us. In Forbes two twenty five the Rivebini section
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  Speaker 1: two one sixty eight, Galinga's other telegram to Euola Naples
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  Speaker 1: is given thus Eboli eleven thirty p m. Garibaldi has
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  Speaker 1: arrived with five thousand of his own men, and five
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  Speaker 1: thousand Calabrizi are momentarily expected disembarkations are expected in the
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  Speaker 1: Bay of Naples and Gulf of Salerno tonight. I strongly
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  Speaker 1: advise you to withdraw the garrison from the latter place
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  Speaker 1: without delay, or they will be cut off. And let
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  Speaker 1: me beg of you, as a personal friend, but a
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  Speaker 1: political enemy, to abandon a sinking cause which must be
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  Speaker 1: your ruin Forbes to twenty six rites. On my subsequent
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  Speaker 1: arrival at Naples, I learned from one of the ex
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  Speaker 1: ministers that the fact of the telegram being addressed to
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  Speaker 1: Euola by a private friend was what gave color to
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  Speaker 1: the whole proceeding. Pared's telegrams sent the same night September one,
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  Speaker 1: fourth and fifth to Salerno are also said to have
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  Speaker 1: caused Marcia Rivera to write to Naples demanding his own
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  Speaker 1: withdrawal from a position which he regarded as untenable. Di Martino,
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  Speaker 1: then Minister of Francis the Second, told Arivabene that such
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  Speaker 1: was the effect produced by paired telegram. Also in Revels
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  Speaker 1: da Acona sixty five, we read a letter of Revel's
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  Speaker 1: dated October twenty third, eighteen sixty Isernia setting down what
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  Speaker 1: a Bourbon officer just captured there had told him. The
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  Speaker 1: evidence seems first hand and quite unprejudiced, as Ravel knows
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  Speaker 1: nothing about paired or his adventures. The Bourbon officer, so
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  Speaker 1: Revel writes, related to him that in the first days
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  Speaker 1: of September, he was with General Scotti at Salerno to
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  Speaker 1: resist the advance of Garibaldi, when he received a telegram
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  Speaker 1: from the head of the Jardomain at Ebuli, which announced
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  Speaker 1: the eminent arrival of Garibaldi with three thousand troops and
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  Speaker 1: four thousand insurgents, and the defection of Calderelli's brigade, which
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  Speaker 1: had joined the Garibaldini. Scotty feared the attack of such
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  Speaker 1: superior forces, and still more the contact of Calderelli's men
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  Speaker 1: with his own, as the harbinger of future defection, sent
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  Speaker 1: the news to the ministers, proposing to retire on non
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  Speaker 1: Sera or Nola if there were enough men in Naples.
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  Speaker 1: The ministry sent him orders to retire to Nola and
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  Speaker 1: thence to Capua. Later on he learned that the telegram
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  Speaker 1: had been sent by a staff officer of Garibaldi's under
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  Speaker 1: the false signature of the jardarm as a stratagem of war.
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  Speaker 1: But he was so preoccupied that he had not thought
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  Speaker 1: of verifying it. This explains how Garibaldi came to enter
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  Speaker 1: Salerno then Naples. As a matter of fact, it was
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  Speaker 1: not Scotty but Rivera who was in command at Salerno,
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  Speaker 1: though oddly enough paired at the time thought he was
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  Speaker 1: telegraphing to Scotti in Monnier to seventy three. The following
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  Speaker 1: telegram of Rivera is printed Salerno, September fourth, eleven. In
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  Speaker 1: the evening the electric wire between Eboli and Seleerno is broken.
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  Speaker 1: The two non commissioned officers returning from Calabria have brought
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  Speaker 1: the news that the main body of Garibaldian revolutionists and
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  Speaker 1: the Calderelli brigade have reached Oletta. I am sending by
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  Speaker 1: rail the two non commissioned officers neam Burgo of the
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  Speaker 1: fifteenth line and Guida of the fourth to see Colonel Ansani.
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  Speaker 1: This telegram is at first sight puzzling. It shows, indeed,
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  Speaker 1: that the exaggerated rumors about the defection of Calderelli's brigade
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  Speaker 1: and the false rumors of the close propinquity of Garibaldi
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  Speaker 1: and his men due to Pairg's game at Oletta and
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  Speaker 1: Iboli reached Marshal Rivera and deeply affected him. But it
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  Speaker 1: says nothing of any telegram from Ebeli as the source
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  Speaker 1: of this information, which is attributed to two Bourbon sergeants,
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  Speaker 1: and the wire from Ebeli is said to be broken
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  Speaker 1: an hour before midnight. But the explanation is clear. Ravera
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  Speaker 1: at Salerno wrongly thought that the wire was broken, because
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  Speaker 1: after Pared's entry into Ebelee, the telegraph official was being
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  Speaker 1: brought before Paired and the Ebele office was no longer
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  Speaker 1: being served. Pared's telegrams begin to pour into Salerno half
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  Speaker 1: an hour later. For the date of Gallenge's telegram to
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  Speaker 1: Ula is eleven thirty that night, and his telegram to
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  Speaker 1: the other friend in Naples is as late as one
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  Speaker 1: thirty the next morning. Parents and Gallenge's telegrams were therefore
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  Speaker 1: sent off shortly before and shortly after midnight. This is
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  Speaker 1: quite consistent with Paireds and Forbes account of the matter,
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  Speaker 1: as they say that they did not enter Ebely until
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  Speaker 1: after dark nine o'clock according to Paired, eleven o'clock according
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  Speaker 1: to Forbes. In short, Rivera at Salerno soon after the
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  Speaker 1: time eleven o'clock when he had declared the wire from
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  Speaker 1: Eboli to be broken round, the communication restored and received
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  Speaker 1: the telegrams dictated by paired end of Appendix H