Latest / This Week In Medicine / 8 25 2025

Transcript

8 25 2025 · This Week In Medicine

• 0:00
  [SPEAKER_00]: Welcome to this week in medicine, your filtered medical journal summary.
• 0:03
  [SPEAKER_00]: Looking to stay up to date with the latest medical research but short on time?
• 0:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: This week in medicine has you covered.
• 0:09
  [SPEAKER_00]: Our AI-generated podcast provides you with a convenient, on the go solution to keep you informed about the most significant developments in the medicine field.
• 0:16
  [SPEAKER_00]: Each episode offers a filtered and concentrated summary of key journal articles, allowing you to stay informed without the need to sift through pages of research papers.
• 0:24
  [SPEAKER_00]: With this week in medicine, listening is faster than reading, and you can consume valuable medical knowledge while commuting, exercising, or during your daily routine.
• 0:32
  [SPEAKER_01]: Hi, this week in Medicine, we will be discussing.
• 0:35
  [SPEAKER_01]: First, we will be discussing articles in New England Journal of Medicine.
• 0:39
  [SPEAKER_01]: Overall, survival with Neo-Ajuvant Navalumab plus chemotherapy in lung cancer.
• 0:44
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background.
• 0:46
  [SPEAKER_01]: Neo-Ajuvant Navalumab plus chemotherapy significantly improved pathological complete response and event-free survival in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC, in a phase three trial.
• 0:59
  [SPEAKER_01]: Data are needed on overallservival.seongclusions.
• 1:03
  [SPEAKER_01]: Three cycles of Neoadjuvant Nevolumab plus chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival among patients with resectable NSCLC as compared with chemotherapy alone.
• 1:15
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next article.
• 1:16
  [SPEAKER_01]: Elinzenetant for vasimotor symptoms from endocrine therapy for breast cancer.
• 1:21
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background.
• 1:22
  [SPEAKER_01]: Women receiving endocrine therapy for hormone receptor.
• 1:26
  [SPEAKER_01]: HR-positive breast cancer, or its prevention among those at high risk for breast cancer, commonly have vasomotor symptoms.
• 1:32
  [SPEAKER_01]: Data are lacking on the effects of a linseanetent.
• 1:35
  [SPEAKER_01]: A neuro-kind and targeted therapy shown to be effective in treating vasomotor symptoms, in this population.Cionclusions.
• 1:42
  [SPEAKER_01]: Elinseanetent led to a significantly lower frequency of vasomotor symptoms associated with endocrine therapy than placebo.
• 1:50
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next article.
• 1:51
  [SPEAKER_01]: Phase III trial of inhaled molgramostum in autoimmune pulmonary alveolar protenosis.
• 1:58
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar protenosis, APAP, is a rare disease characterized by progressive surfactant accumulation and hypoxemia, caused by auto antibodies against granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, GMCSF.
• 2:14
  [SPEAKER_01]: which alveolar macrophages require to clear surfactant.
• 2:18
  [SPEAKER_01]: Malgramastum is a formulation of inhaled recombinant human GMCSF, but its efficacy and safety in patients with APAP have not been studied sufficiently.
• 2:27
  [SPEAKER_01]: Once daily inhaled Malgramastum led to a greater increase in pulmonary gas transfer than placebo in patients with APAP.
• 2:35
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next article, adjuvant simiplamab or placebo in high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
• 2:42
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background Patients who have cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with high-risk features are at risk for recurrence after definitive local therapy.
• 2:51
  [SPEAKER_01]: The benefit of systemic adjuvant therapy options has not been well-established in clinical trials.cinclusions.
• 2:58
  [SPEAKER_01]: Achievement-Semitlamab therapy led to longer disease-free survival than placebo among patients at high risk for recurrence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
• 3:13
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next, we will be discussing articles from Journal of American Medical Association.
• 3:18
  [SPEAKER_01]: Stepa Keybart for severe uncontrolled chronic rhinocynocitis with nasal polyps.
• 3:23
  [SPEAKER_01]: The crowns two randomized clinical trial question among patients with severe chronic rhinocynocitis with nasal polyps taking a daily intranazile corticosteroid.
• 3:32
  [SPEAKER_01]: Does Stepa Keybart, a novel anti-interlukan IV, are alpha-monoclonal antibody, decreased nasal polyps, and reduce symptoms of nasal congestion?
• 3:41
  [SPEAKER_01]: Findings.
• 3:42
  [SPEAKER_01]: In this randomized clinical trial that included one hundred seventy-nine participants from China, stay pocket-bart significantly reduced polypsize and improved nasal symptoms at twenty-four weeks in patients, with severe chronic rhinocinacyteus with nasal polyps, meaning among patients with severe chronic rhinocinacyteus with nasal polyps treated with a daily internal nasal corticosteroid, staff a keybart reduced polypsize and severity of nasal symptoms at twenty-four weeks.
• 4:16
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles from Annals of Internal Medicine.
• 4:20
  [SPEAKER_01]: Measurement error and the cost effectiveness of intensive blood pressure targets.
• 4:25
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background Analysis of clinical trials find that an intensive systolic blood pressure, SPP, target of less than one hundred twenty millimeters HG, is cost effective compared with the target of less than one hundred forty millimeters HG for patients at high cardiovascular disease risk.
• 4:43
  [SPEAKER_01]: However,
• 4:43
  [SPEAKER_01]: Guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association recommend a target of less than one hundred thirty millimeters HG.
• 4:52
  [SPEAKER_01]: citing blood pressure measurement error in routine practice conclusion.
• 4:56
  [SPEAKER_01]: For sprint eligible patients at high cardiovascular risk without diabetes or prior stroke, a target of less than one hundred twenty millimeters HG seems cost effective across most settings with SPP measurement error.
• 5:09
  [SPEAKER_01]: In scenarios with higher and an increase in CVD risk at low SPPs, a target of less than one hundred thirty millimeters HG may become cost effective.
• 5:25
  [SPEAKER_01]: Effective lateral versus supine positioning on hypoxemia in sedated adults.
• 5:30
  [SPEAKER_01]: Objectives.
• 5:31
  [SPEAKER_01]: To evaluate the effect of lateral versus supine positioning on incidence of hypoxemia in sedated patients, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for respiratory strategies.
• 5:42
  [SPEAKER_01]: Conclusions, placing sedated adults in the lateral position, significantly reduces the incidence and severity of hypoxemia, and decreases the need for airway rescue interventions without compromising safety.
• 5:54
  [SPEAKER_01]: Given its simplicity and low cost, lateral positioning could offer advantages in remote or resource constrained clinical settings.
• 6:01
  [SPEAKER_01]: Further replication studies targeting patients with advanced age and high body mass index are needed to improve the generalizability of the findings.
• 6:16
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles from Lancet.
• 6:19
  [SPEAKER_01]: Spiralin-electone versus placebo in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis, achieve, an international parallel group, randomized controlled trial.
• 6:29
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background patients undergoing maintenance dialysis for kidney failure are at substantial risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
• 6:37
  [SPEAKER_01]: We aimed to establish if Spironolactone reduces heart failure and cardiovascular deaths in these patient's interpretation.
• 6:45
  [SPEAKER_01]: Among patients receiving maintenance dialysis, Spironolactone, twenty-five milligrams daily orally, did not reduce the composite outcome of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure compared with placebo.
• 6:58
  [SPEAKER_01]: This trial did not identify a benefit of initiating Spironolactone in patients receiving maintenance dialysis.
• 7:05
  [SPEAKER_01]: Future research should consider alternatives to steroidal mineral accordicoid receptor antagonism, to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients receiving maintenance hemadialysis.
• 7:22
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of hematoconcology.
• 7:26
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from JAMA oncology.
• 7:29
  [SPEAKER_01]: SentleyMob plus accidentab for advanced fumarate hydratase deficient renal cell carcinoma phase to non-randomized clinical trial.
• 7:37
  [SPEAKER_01]: Question, what are the outcomes of sentleyMob plus accidentab for treatment of patients with advanced fumarate hydratase deficient renal cell carcinoma, FH deficient RCC?
• 7:48
  [SPEAKER_01]: Findings.
• 7:49
  [SPEAKER_01]: In this non-randomized clinical trial, forty-one patients with advanced FH deficient RCC received at least one cycle of CentleyMob plus Accetaneib.
• 7:58
  [SPEAKER_01]: The objective response rate was fifty-six percent, with a median progression free survival of nineteen point eight months and a manageable safety profile.
• 8:07
  [SPEAKER_01]: Meaning these promising findings suggest that CentleyMob plus Accetaneib warrants further investigation in patients with FH deficient RCC.
• 8:22
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of infectious diseases.
• 8:26
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from clinical infectious diseases.
• 8:29
  [SPEAKER_01]: Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of daily optimized doses of rifampusin for the treatment of tuberculosis.
• 8:37
  [SPEAKER_01]: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta analysis.
• 8:41
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background.
• 8:42
  [SPEAKER_01]: Higher than standard doses of refampison could improve the treatment outcome of drug susceptible tuberculosis, TB, without compromising the safety of patients' conclusions.
• 8:53
  [SPEAKER_01]: Optimal doses of refampison may be between twenty-five and thirty-five MG-KG-slash-day, but should be tailored at the individual or, at least, at the population level.
• 9:10
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from arthritis and rheumatology.
• 9:14
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from Journal of Clinical rheumatology.
• 9:17
  [SPEAKER_01]: Non-infectious uveitis in pediatric rheumatology, long-term follow-up at tertiary centers.
• 9:24
  [SPEAKER_01]: Objectives.
• 9:25
  [SPEAKER_01]: Our study aimed to identify potential predictors for additional systemic involvement in patients with non-infectious uveitis.
• 9:32
  [SPEAKER_01]: Specifically focusing on their demographic, ideological, clinical, and laboratory data features, from the pediatric rheumatology perspective.
• 9:41
  [SPEAKER_01]: Our study demonstrated that the anti-nuclear antibody positivity and the high-Earth recite sedimentation rate values were identified as significant independent predictors for STU and patients referred with non-infectious UVitis.
• 10:01
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of cardiology.
• 10:04
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from circulation.
• 10:06
  [SPEAKER_01]: A nationwide factorial randomized trial of electronic nudges to patients with chronic kidney disease and their general practices for increasing guideline-directed medical therapy, the nudged CKD trial.
• 10:19
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background.
• 10:21
  [SPEAKER_01]: Many individuals with chronic kidney disease, CKD,
• 10:25
  [SPEAKER_01]: Face a considerable but modifiable risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes, because of suboptimal implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy, GDMT.
• 10:35
  [SPEAKER_01]: We investigated whether electronic letter-based nudges delivered to individuals with CKD and their general practices, could increase GDMT-uptake-tonsion inclusions.
• 10:45
  [SPEAKER_01]: In this nationwide pragmatic, two times two factorial implementation trial, electronic letter based nudges on GDMT delivered to patients with CKD or their general practice, did not increase the uptake of a reenan angiotensin system inhibitor or sodium glucose co-transporter two inhibitor as compared with usual care.
• 11:11
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from journals of the American College of Cardiology.
• 11:15
  [SPEAKER_01]: Patletaxyl coded balloon for the treatment of multi-layer and stent restonosis, agent IDE subgroup analysis.
• 11:22
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background.
• 11:24
  [SPEAKER_01]: Patients with coronary and stent restonosis, ISR, within multiple layers of stent, poses specific clinical challenge because of higher rates of recurrent restonosis, as well as a desire to avoid an additional layer of stent.
• 11:37
  [SPEAKER_01]: Drug-coated balloons, DCBs, provide an alternative anti-proliferative therapeutic option for multi-layer ISR, conclusions.
• 11:45
  [SPEAKER_01]: Patients with ISR of multiple stent layers had higher rates of adverse stent-related events compared with patients with single-layer ISR.
• 11:54
  [SPEAKER_01]: Treatment with a packed-litaxial-coated balloon led to greater absolute risk reduction in one-year TLF among patients with multi-layer ISR compared with an uncoated balloon.
• 12:11
  [SPEAKER_01]: from Jamacardiology.
• 12:13
  [SPEAKER_01]: Polygenic prediction of peripheral artery disease and major adverse limb events.
• 12:18
  [SPEAKER_01]: Question.
• 12:19
  [SPEAKER_01]: How does a polygenic risk score, PRS, perform an estimation of peripheral artery disease, PAD, and major adverse limb events?
• 12:27
  [SPEAKER_01]: Findings.
• 12:28
  [SPEAKER_01]: In this cohort study of three populations, a new PRS was significantly associated with PAD and stratified risk for incident major adverse limb events.
• 12:38
  [SPEAKER_01]: Addition of high PRS, top-twenty percent, to guideline recommended screening criteria, increased the proportion of identified cases of incident PAD, meaning polygenic background shows potential utility in primary and secondary prevention of PAD.
• 12:54
  [SPEAKER_01]: However, further research is needed to optimize performance in non-European populations and determine its associated effect on vascular outcomes.
• 13:09
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of endocrinology.
• 13:12
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.
• 13:17
  [SPEAKER_01]: Association between urinary thalate metabolites and sarcopenia in U.S.
• 13:22
  [SPEAKER_01]: adults from NHANES' twenty eleven to twenty eighteen.
• 13:25
  [SPEAKER_01]: Context.
• 13:26
  [SPEAKER_01]: Thalates, widely used as chemical additives, are often found as mixtures in the environment.
• 13:32
  [SPEAKER_01]: However, the combined impact of thalate exposure on sarcopenia remains unclear dot objective.
• 13:39
  [SPEAKER_01]: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between thalates and sarcopenia in adults' thoughts conclusion.
• 13:45
  [SPEAKER_01]: This study provides new evidence that co-exposure to thalates might increase the risk of sarcopenia.
• 13:51
  [SPEAKER_01]: Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship between thalate metabolites and sarcopenia, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.
• 14:06
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from diabetes care.
• 14:09
  [SPEAKER_01]: In utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and offspring type II, diabetes genetic risk score are independently associated with risk of impaired glucose tolerance in youth.
• 14:20
  [SPEAKER_01]: Free Objective
• 14:21
  [SPEAKER_01]: We tested associations of Type II Diabetes Genetic Risk Score, T-II DGRS, and exposure to maternal hyperglysemia with childhood impaired glucose tolerance, IGT, and T-II D and glycemic outcomes in youth from the hyperglysemia and adverse pregnancy outcome follow-up study.
• 14:40
  [SPEAKER_01]: Hygenetic risk for diabetes and in utero-exposure to maternal hyperglysemia are additively associated with IGT plus T-II D.
• 14:50
  [SPEAKER_01]: and glycemic outcomes in youth.
• 14:57
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of neurology.
• 15:01
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from neurology.
• 15:03
  [SPEAKER_01]: Use of disease modifying therapies and patients with late onset multiple sclerosis.
• 15:08
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background and objectives.
• 15:10
  [SPEAKER_01]: The therapeutic strategy in patients with late onset MS, LOMS, remains poorly defined.
• 15:17
  [SPEAKER_01]: In this study, we aim to evaluate both clinical and MRI outcomes between two cohorts of patients with relapsing remitting loms treated or not yet treated.
• 15:26
  [SPEAKER_01]: Discussion.
• 15:27
  [SPEAKER_01]: This study demonstrates a beneficial effect of disease modifying therapy, DMT, on disease activity in patients with alarms, but without significant impact on disability progression.
• 15:38
  [SPEAKER_01]: Main limitations are linked to the challenge of data collection and to the baseline imbalances between the two groups.
• 15:50
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next we will be discussing articles in the field of pulmonary and critical care.
• 15:54
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from chest.
• 15:56
  [SPEAKER_01]: Normassal R versus lactated ringers in the critically ill.
• 16:01
  [SPEAKER_01]: A randomized trial.
• 16:02
  [SPEAKER_01]: Background.
• 16:04
  [SPEAKER_01]: Balanced crystalloid solutions may improve clinical outcomes compared with saline for some critically ill adults, but it is unclear whether differences in composition between balanced crystalloid solutions affect outcomes.
• 16:16
  [SPEAKER_01]: Research question.
• 16:18
  [SPEAKER_01]: Does the choice of balanced crystalloid solutions?
• 16:21
  [SPEAKER_01]: Normassal R versus lactated ringers?
• 16:23
  [SPEAKER_01]: Impact acid-based status, organ function, or outcomes for critically ill adults?
• 16:28
  [SPEAKER_01]: Interpretation Among critically ill adults, the use of Normassal R for four fluid therapy did not affect plasma HCO-three minus concentrations or clinical outcomes compared with lactated ringers.
• 16:47
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
• 16:51
  [SPEAKER_01]: Mechanically affected lung and progression of emphysema?
• 16:55
  [SPEAKER_01]: Rational.
• 16:56
  [SPEAKER_01]: Most emphysema is believed to arise from small airway disease, but recent data suggest emphysema begets more emphysema, and that its progression may be due to the mechanical stress experienced by normal lung regions adjacent to existing emphysema.
• 17:10
  [SPEAKER_01]: Objectives, to determine whether new emphysema arises from this penumbra of mechanically affected lung, MAL, or from small airway disease, conclusions.
• 17:20
  [SPEAKER_01]: Most new emphysema arises from areas of high mal and in substantially higher proportion than areas of small airway disease.
• 17:34
  [SPEAKER_01]: Next, we will be discussing articles in the field of nephrology.
• 17:38
  [SPEAKER_01]: Here are the articles from Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology.
• 17:42
  [SPEAKER_01]: Population Health Management Impact on Healthcare Utilization and Costs and CKD.
• 17:48
  [SPEAKER_01]: Post-Talk Analysis of the Kidney Coordinated Health Management Partnership trial.
• 17:52
  [SPEAKER_01]: A population health management intervention for CKD reduced in patient hospitalizations by twenty-seven percent, compared with usual care over a one-year follow-up.
• 18:02
  [SPEAKER_01]: Despite lower hospitalizations, total healthcare costs were not significantly different between population health management and usual care.
• 18:10
  [SPEAKER_01]: Sex differences in the exotiasia introduction to enhance performance and dialysis trial.
• 18:16
  [SPEAKER_01]: Inactivity in patients with ESKD worsens quality of life, function, and increases morbidity.
• 18:22
  [SPEAKER_01]: Post-talk analysis of the exotiasia introduction to enhance performance and dialysis trial explores six-month exercise effects and dialysis patients, stratified by sex.
• 18:33
  [SPEAKER_01]: Sex-based findings may inform tailored interventions to enhance function and quality of life in patients with ESKD.
• 18:39
  [SPEAKER_00]: Thank you for listening to this week in medicine.
• 18:41
  [SPEAKER_00]: Your filtered medical journal summary.
• 18:44
  [SPEAKER_00]: Have a great week ahead.
• 18:45
  [SPEAKER_00]: Stay blessed and be humane.