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Spiritual Gifts: Exhortation/Encouragement · Reformed Thinking

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Usually when we talk about a medical diagnosis, there is a
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certain expectation of, you know, precision.
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Right, like engineering. Yeah, like engineering.
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You break your arm, you go to the hospital and the X-ray shows
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that jagged white line on the screen.
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The doctor just points a pen at it and says there it is.
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That is the problem. It is binary.
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You are looking at an image and it is either broken or not
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broken. It is a very clean assessment.
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And there is a real comfort in that, right?
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We like things to be visible. We want our problems to be
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categorized neatly. Oh, absolutely.
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But then you step into the world of the human soul.
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You step into the arena of spiritual decay and the crushing
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weight of modern despair, and suddenly that X-ray machine is
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broken. Yeah, the whole diagnostic
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landscape becomes entirely murky.
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Right. You cannot draw blood to measure
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someone's level of hopelessness. Welcome to Reform Thinking for
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today we have an intensive investigation into the spiritual
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gift of exhortation, as detailed in Romans 12.6 through 8.
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And this is such a critical topic for where we are right
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now. It really is.
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We are looking at the condition of our current society, and the
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contrast between what the world offers and what the text offers
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is just stark. You look around and we are
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seeing unprecedented highs in severe loneliness and absolute
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despair. Yeah, the isolation is
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staggering. And the secular remedy?
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It almost universally directs you to look inward.
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You are told to download a mindfulness app, focus on
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yourself esteem, or go to therapy to discover your own
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internal truth. The biblical counteroffer
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provided in the text of Romans completely shatters that inward
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looking framework. I mean, instead of looking
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inward, the Scriptures command believers to look outside
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themselves, specifically to Christ, right?
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To facilitate this, the Holy Spirit equipped the Church with
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an ordinary, vital grace, which is the spiritual gift of
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exhortation. And that is a divine mechanism,
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right? Yes, designed to sustain the
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weary St. and awaken the sluggish one.
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It relies entirely on external truth rather than internal
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discovery. OK, let's unpack this, because
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if we want to grasp why the specific gift is so urgent, we
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have to look at the volatile world where this mandate was
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originally given. Oh for sure, we are talking
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about 1st century Rome. We cannot just treat this like a
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theoretical theological concept. Real people were living in a
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highly pressurized environment. We are looking at a very
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specific historical moment. So the apostle Paul wrote this
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letter from Corinth around 8057. The audience was the house
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churches in Rome, right? These believers were living
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directly in the shadow of Pagan imperial cults.
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To grasp the stakes, you have to picture their daily reality.
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Every public event, every trade Guild meeting, the very
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marketplace itself was saturated with idolatry and emperor
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worship. So.
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You could not just avoid it. No, not at all.
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In that environment, the church was not a casual weekend
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gathering where you grab the coffee and listen to a sermon.
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It was a countercultural refuge. Your allegiance to Christ could
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cost you your livelihood. Wait, so this refuge was
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actually a massive powder keg, right?
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Oh, absolutely. Because when you look at the
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historical data, there is a massive sociological friction
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point right in the middle of these congregations.
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In 1849, the Emperor Claudius actually expelled all the Jews
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from Rome. Yeah, the Roman historian
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Suetonius recorded that this was due to constant riots over
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someone named Crestus. Which historians widely agree is
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a reference to Christ, right? So think about what happens
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overnight. The Jewish believers are
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completely gone. The Gentile believers who might
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have been learning the ropes or considered secondary in the
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cultural hierarchy of the early church are suddenly left to lead
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and govern these house churches entirely on their own.
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That expulsion created a massive leadership vacuum.
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For five solid years, the Gentile Christians developed
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their own rhythms. They were free from the Jewish
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ceremonial customs. They dropped the strict dietary
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laws I assume. Yeah, they stopped observing the
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traditional Jewish calendar. They were eating pork, gather on
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their own terms and leading the liturgy.
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But then Claudius dies in 1854. Historical records indicate he
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was poisoned, which shifted the political landscape, allowing
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the edict to expire. And then everyone comes back.
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Suddenly the Jewish believers, people like Priscilla and
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Aquila, returned to Rome and walk right back into these house
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churches. You can imagine the immense
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tension. It sounds like a recipe for a
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church split. You have returning Jewish
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Christians who are highly zealous for their traditional
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practices. They want things done the way
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they used to do them. Yeah, and on the other side of
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the room you have the Gentiles who are completely accustomed to
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their liberty. Right.
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They have spent half a decade running the show without
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worrying about kosher meat. Imagine you are sitting in a
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cramped Roman living room. You are a gentile who just led
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the singing, and staring at you across the table is a returning
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Jewish believer who thinks your lack of dietary discipline is a
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sin. How do you deal with that
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without tearing each other apart?
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The friction was immense and the temptation to divide was
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overwhelming. The Gentiles were tempted to
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look down on the Jewish believers for clinging to old
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shadows, viewing them as weak or legalistic.
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The Jewish believers, conversely, were tempted to
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judge the Gentiles as lawless, reckless, and disrespectful of
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the heritage of the faith. Add to this the terrifying
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reality that Nero's reign of terror was only a few short
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years away. Right.
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The threat of horrific state sponsored persecution was right
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at their doorstep. Exact.
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Well that is spot on. In that context, exhortation was
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not an optional nice to have church program.
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It was an absolute survival mechanism.
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Because if they could not exhort one another to cling to Christ,
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they would either tear each other to pieces internally or be
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crushed by the empire externally.
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Yeah, that was the reality. Here's where it gets really
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interesting. How did Paul expect these house
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churches to keep from splitting into two completely separate
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factions, the traditionalists and the liberty lovers?
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It is a great question the. Cultural pressure to divide was
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intense. We see churches split today over
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minor aesthetic preferences. They were dealing with centuries
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of ingrained cultural hostility. That specific pressure dictates
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the entire structure of Paul's letter to the Romans.
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He knew he could not just hand them a list of rules for getting
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along. Right.
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A list of rules does not fix a fractured community, no.
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He had to lay a massive theological bedrock first.
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That brings us to the structure of Romans.
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Chapters one through 11 represent the towering peaks of
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reformed ceteriology. OK, lay that out for us, Paul.
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Systematically dismantles all human righteousness.
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He proves total depravity, that both Jew and Gentile are
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entirely dead in sin, not sick, not struggling, but legally and
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spiritually dead. He unveils justification by
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faith alone through the imputation of Christ's active
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and passive obedience. And he culminates in chapters 9
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through 11 with the absolute sovereignty of God in election.
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Let's slow down and unpack that term you just used because it is
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heavy the imputation of Christ's active and passive obedience.
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What is the actual mechanism happening there?
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It is a vital mechanism to understand.
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Because if we do not grasp how that works, the whole concept of
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exhortation falls flat. Yeah, think of it like a legal
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transfer of funds. When we talk about Christ's
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passive obedience, we're talking about him willingly taking the
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penalty for our sin right on the cross.
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He passively received the wrath of God that we deserved.
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That zeroes out our massive debt.
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But if you just have your debt erased, your bank account is at
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0. You are not wealthy, you are
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just not in debt. Right.
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This is where active obedience comes in.
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Christo's act of obedience is the perfect sinless life He
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lived on earth, fulfilling every single demand of God's law.
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I. See.
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Imputation means that God takes that perfect record of
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righteousness, that massive positive balance, and legally
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credits it to your account. So you are not just debt free,
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you are clothed in the perfect righteousness of Christ.
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That is staggering, and Paul spends 11 chapters cementing
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that reality before he ever tells him what to do.
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Then we hit chapter 12. Romans 12.1 is the hinge of the
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entire letter Paul writes. I beseech you, therefore,
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brethren, by the mercies of God. Suddenly, the argument shifts
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from sovereign grace to Christian duty.
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He pivots from what God has done to how we must respond, and we
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connect this to the bigger picture.
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You cannot separate the commands of chapter 12 from the theology
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of chapters one through 11. Detached from that structural
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base, exhortation degrades into secular life coaching or
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moralism. It becomes just another voice
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saying try harder or be nicer. Right, But because it is rooted
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in the mercies of God, the realities of total depravity,
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unconditional election and justification, exhortation
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carries divine weight. It does not ask the believer to
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conjure up their own strength. No, it commands them to rest in
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the strength already credited to their account it.
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Makes me think of building a house.
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Chapters one through 11 are the construction crew pouring this
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massive, unmovable concrete slab.
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Oh, I like that. It takes time, it is heavy, and
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it is entirely structural. Then you get to chapter 12 and
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you start erecting the walls. You absolutely cannot construct
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walls directly on the dirt. No, they would fall over.
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Right. If you try to practice the
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spiritual gifts like exhortation without the theology of grace
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beneath you, you are building on mud.
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The whole house collapses the moment the storms of life hit.
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Yeah, that is a great way to put it.
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If my child gets sick or I lose my job, telling me to just do
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better or find my inner peace is a wall built on dirt.
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It will wash away. That is a highly accurate way to
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view the progression of the text.
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With that doctrinal base established, we can define the
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actual tool Paul commands the church to use.
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OK, in Romans 12.8 he lists the gifts and says he who exhorts in
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his exhortation. Let's look at the Greek.
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The vert is paracoleo and the noun is paraclesis.
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Etymologically, it literally translates to call to one side.
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But we cannot just look at the dictionary definition right?
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We have to look at how the word was actually used in the wild
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during the 1st century to catch the actual flavor of what Paul
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is saying. Precisely.
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In the Greco Roman world, a commanding general would use
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this exact term, paracoleo, for the impassioned speech he
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delivered to his troops on the eve of battle.
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Wow, OK. Picture a general standing in
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the mud, addressing soldiers who know they might die the next
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day. He is stirring their courage,
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stiffening their resolve, urging them to hold the line and fight
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to the death. So it possessed a lot of
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masculine vigor. Yes, he carried a desperate
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urgency. It is a war cry designed to
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mobilize an army. So it is absolutely not a
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sentimental pat on the back. It is not handing someone a
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tissue and telling them everything will be OK.
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Not at all. But it also has a softer side,
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which we see when we look at the Greek translation of the Old
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Testament, Septuagint. Oh, really?
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Yeah. There it translates the Hebrew
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word nashem, meaning to comfort. You see this David Lee in Isaiah
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40.1. Comfort.
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Yes, comfort my people. I see.
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So Pericoleo has a dual nature. It is the act of tenderly
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comforting the bruised, afflicted St.
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Who is weeping under the weight of suffering while
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simultaneously possessing the capacity to forcefully admonish
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the sluggish, complacent or rebellious believer?
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I love that contrast. It requires immense discernment
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to know which tool to use. It really does, and there is a
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really sharp distinction to be made between exportation and
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teaching. Teaching or the Duscalia targets
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the intellect. It explains the text.
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Right. It lays down the truth of the
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grammar, the historical context, the logical flow.
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But exhortation targets the will and the affections.
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It takes the truth the teacher laid down and applies it
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directly to the conscience to force a reaction.
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Teaching is the transmission of doctrine into the mind.
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Exhortation is the application of that doctrine to produce a
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tangible change in behavior, endurance, or affections.
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So if teaching answers the question, what is true?
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Then exhortation answers the question, What must we do about
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this truth right now? Let me throw another analogy at
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you to test this. Go for it.
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Teaching is like building the engine of a car.
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You are putting the Pistons in the right place, making sure the
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timing belt is aligned, filling it with oil.
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Everything is structurally sound, logically coherent and
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perfectly true. OK, tracking with you.
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Exhortation is turning the key, putting the car in drive, and
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slamming your foot on the gas pedal.
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It makes the vehicle actually move down the street.
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That makes perfect sense. But here is my question.
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Look at the modern church landscape.
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If a congregation outsources exhortation to secular
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psychologists and they outsource teaching to entertainers or life
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coaches, does the car even have an engine anymore?
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That is a devastating critique of the modern landscape, but a
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necessary one. When you outsource teaching to
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entertainment, you lose the engine.
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You have a shiny exterior shell with absolutely no horsepower
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underneath. The congregation might laugh,
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they might cry, but they are entirely untethered from the
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truth. Conversely, when you outsource
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exhortation to secular psychology, you lose the gas
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pedal and instead you hook the car up to a treadmill.
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A treadmill. Wow.
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Secular psychology operates on the fundamental premise that the
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answers are inside you. It tells you to dig deeper into
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your own psyche to find healing. Biblical expectation operates on
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the premise that you are dead in your sins.
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The answers are entirely outside you in the person of Christ, and
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you need someone to aggressively point you back to Him.
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Which brings us to a highly practical issue.
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How does this actually operate within a local assembly without
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turning into chaos? Right, because you have all
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these people. You have Jewish and Gentile
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believers. Tensions are high and everyone
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is trying to use their gifts. Paul lays down some strict
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ground rules in Romans 12.3. He commands believers not to
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think of themselves more highly than they ought.
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He is demanding sober judgment. That verse directly assaults the
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man centered self esteem gospels of today.
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It really does. The standard for assessing
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yourself is not your own sense of self worth, it is the measure
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of faith and the specific grace God has assigned to you.
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You are not autonomous, right? You do not get to decide what
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role you play based on your own ambition.
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God sovereignly distributes the gifts as He sees fit for the
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health of the entire group. And then Paul moves into the
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famous body metaphor in verses four and five.
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He uses the physical body to illustrate diversity within
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unity. The foot is not the eye, the ear
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is not the hand, right? The text is very firm here.
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It rejects egalitarian myths that treat everyone as
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interchangeable widgets. Role distinction is by divine
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design. God actually wants Christians to
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have different functions. If the whole body were an eye,
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how would it hear? What's fascinating here is how
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Paul connects that diversity to diligent execution.
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In verses 6 through 8 he lists the gifts, and the Greek syntax
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implies continuous habitual action.
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OK. So it is an ongoing thing, yes.
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He writes he who exhorts in his exhortation, the mandate is to
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stay in your assigned lane and execute your specific task
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diligently. If God gave you the grace to
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exhort, you must give yourself fully to the act of exhorting.
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Do not abandon your post because you wish you had a different
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gift. Exactly I.
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Have to push back on that a little bit, or at least ask for
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clarification. How rigid are these lanes?
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Does this mean a person gifted in teaching is strictly
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prohibited from comforting A grieving widow?
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Or is an exhorter not allowed to explain the historical context
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of a Bible verse? How do these gifts overlap
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without losing their distinct function?
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Because if we make the lanes too rigid, we create a bureaucratic
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nightmare in the church. That is a great clarification to
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make, and it prevents a hyper legalistic reading of the text.
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The lanes are not hermetically sealed boxes.
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OK, good. A teacher will undoubtedly
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exhort during a sermon, and an exhorter must use sound doctrine
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which inherently involves teaching.
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You cannot exhort someone with a theological vacuum.
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Right. You need that engine we talked.
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About Yes. The distinction lies in the
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primary thrust of the grace given.
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The person with the gift of exhortation is uniquely wired by
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the Holy Spirit to sense the spiritual temperature of a room
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or of a struggling brother, and to bring the truth to bear on
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their will in a way that produces immediate movement.
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They are specialists in spiritual momentum.
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Every Christian is called to encourage, just as every
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Christian is called to share the gospel.
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But God gives specific individuals an outsized capacity
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for this work to ensure the whole body remains healthy and
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active. And every single one of those
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gifts flows from a source. We cannot just talk about the
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mechanics without looking at the origin.
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We have to look at the supreme pattern of this gift.
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Jesus Christ is the ultimate exhorter.
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He is the perfect unblemished embodiment of paracleses.
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Think of His earthly ministry as a prophet.
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He admonished the self-righteous Pharisees with blistering
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rebukes. He called them whitewashed
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tombs. He used the rod to shatter their
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pride. But then he was so gentle with
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others. Yeah, he turned around and
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offered the most tender, weeping comfort to the woman who washed
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his feet with her tears. He offered grace to the
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marginalized. He knew exactly when to apply
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the rod to the stubborn and when to apply the bomb to the broken.
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And his role as a high priest continues that work right now.
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He did not stop being the ultimate exhorter when he
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ascended. No, he did not.
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In First John 2.1 Christ is called our advocate before the
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Father's tribunal. The Greek word used there is
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paracletos. Oh, the same root.
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Word Yes, He's the one called alongside to defend us when we
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sin. He stands before the Father and
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pleads His own perfect blood on our behalf.
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Furthermore, before He ascended, He promised to send the Holy
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Spirit. Right, the comforter.
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In John 14 he called the Spirit Alon Periculton, another
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comforter of the exact same kind as Christ.
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So when a believer exercises this gift in the local church,
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they are literally functioning as the earthly mouthpiece of the
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ascended Christ through the Spirit.
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That adds a massive layer of gravity to a conversation over
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coffee. That is the staggering
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theological weight of it, and it highlights the objective of true
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comfort. When we approach this from a
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Reformed perspective, acknowledging total depravity,
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we recognize that human beings are dead in sin.
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We have nothing to offer. We are entirely incapable of
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generating genuine spiritual encouragement from within our
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fallen nature. You cannot look inside a
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spiritually dead heart and find a spark of divine life.
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We need an alien comfort, something completely outside of
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ourselves. Precisely true exhortation
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points you to Christ's finished substitutionary atonement.
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It points to His perfect obedience imputed to you.
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It never points to your own willpower.
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Never. It never tells you that you are
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stronger than you think. It tells you that you are weaker
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than you ever imagined. But Christ is more perfect
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Savior than you ever dared to hope.
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It is the difference between secular self help and biblical
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grace. Secular self help tells you to
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lift yourself up by your own shoelaces.
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Let us think about the physics of that for a second.
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It is physically impossible. You can reach down, grab your
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shoelaces and pull as hard as you want.
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You are just going to strain your back, expend all your
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energy, and stay stuck in the exact same patch of mud.
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You cannot defy gravity by pulling on yourself.
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Yeah, that is a fantastic visual.
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The biblical model of exhortation is a crane reaching
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down from above to pull you out of the mud.
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You contribute absolutely nothing to the lifting, You just
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rest in the harness while an external force does all the
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work. And that theological reality
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brings us to the Boots on the ground application today.
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How does this crane actually operate in a local church?
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We have all this high theology, but what does it look like on a
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Tuesday afternoon? Right?
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It is ordinary word ministry. It is not about spectacular
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displays. It does not require a fog
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machine, a massive stadium event or a highly produced emotional
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soundtrack. Right.
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It happens in quiet conversations.
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It happens in a sterile hospital room when a diagnosis comes back
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positive. It happens between two believers
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sitting over a cheap cup of coffee discussing a recurring
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sin struggle. It is the mutual bearing of
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burdens in the trenches of everyday life.
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When you look at this through a strict cessationist lens, the
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framework completely shifts. The cessationist view asserts
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that the revelatory gifts, things like prophecy, speaking
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in tongues, or receiving direct new revelations from God, ceased
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with the closing of the biblical Canon.
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Because we have the completed scriptures.
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Yes, exhortation remains a vital active gift, but it relies
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entirely on that closed Canon. It rejects the charismatic
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movements, endless search for new mystical whispers or
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subjective feelings. So it is grounded in what is
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already written. True exhortation is essentially
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reading the Bible out loud to someone who desperately needs to
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hear it. It is taking the objective truth
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of the text and applying it to a subjective human crisis.
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It is taking the closed Canon and pressing it into an open
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wound. And by doing that, by relying
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solely on the text, we have to reject the false comforts that
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are so prevalent today, A massive 1 being the prosperity
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gospel. The prosperity gospel is a
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theology of glory that completely bypasses the theology
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of the cross. Yeah, it really does.
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It promises immediate wealth, perpetual health and earthly
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victory. By doing so, it utterly fails to
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prepare believers to suffer. Well, think about the cruelty of
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that system. It is so damaging.
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When you promise someone that God wants them perpetually
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wealthy and healthy, and then they get a terminal cancer
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diagnosis, their faith shatters. They assumed they did not have
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enough faith or God abandoned them.
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Because their foundation was dirt.
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Yes, true exhortation prepares a believer for the fiery trial by
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anchoring their hope in eternal realities, not temporary
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circumstances. It teaches them how to carry
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their cross, not how to avoid it.
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So what does this all mean? We have looked at the history of
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the Roman Church, the theology of imputation, the Greek
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definitions, and the ultimate example of Christ.
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How do we actually live this out this Sunday?
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This raises an important question.
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How do our congregations cultivate a culture where
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superficial pleasantries are replaced by urgent theological
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truth telling? We have to stop settling for the
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standard lobby conversation, you know.
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How are you doing? I am fine brother.
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Right, that's surface level chat.
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We have to be willing to look someone in the eye, ask how
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their war against sin is going, ask where they are doubting
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God's goodness, and then point them directly to the finished
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work of Christ. It requires vulnerability and
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courage. I want to leave you with a final
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idea to ponder. Think of exhortation as the
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immune system of the church body.
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White blood cells exist to fight off infections.
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Yeah, exhortation is designed to fight off the infections of
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despair, passivity, and unrepentant sin.
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What happens to a local body where everyone is polite but no
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one actually exhorts? Are we mistaking niceness for
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actual spiritual health, leaving the body entirely
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immunocompromised and defenseless against the world?
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That is a scary thought. If we never use the rod and we
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never apply the bomb, we are just a social club waiting to
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catch a fatal disease. It is a sobering diagnostic
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question that every single congregation must answer for
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themselves. Thank you for joining us for
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this deep dive into the text. We will see you next time on
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Reformed Thinking. Yeah.