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14 - Life of Captain James Cook by Arthur Octavius Kitson · Life of Captain James Cook

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Speaker 1: Chapter No. Thirteen of the Life of Captain James Cook,
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Speaker 1: the Circumnavigator by Arthur Kitson. This LibriVox recording is in
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Speaker 1: the public domain. Chapter thirteen, seventeen seventy two to seventeen
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Speaker 1: seventy four, Second Voyage, Part one, saying good bye to
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Speaker 1: his family. On the twenty first of June, Cook, accompanied
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Speaker 1: by mister Wales, left London for Cherness, and the next
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Speaker 1: day dropped down to the nor. The resolution was now
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Speaker 1: drawing only fifteen feet ten inches of water instead of seventeen,
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Speaker 1: a very satisfactory improvement. She was given a good trial
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Speaker 1: on a wind and was found to answer exceedingly well.
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Speaker 1: On the third of July they arrived at Plymouth, having
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Speaker 1: been boarded the day by Lord Sandwich and Captain Palliser,
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Speaker 1: who were on a tour of inspection, and Cook had
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Speaker 1: the pleasure of giving them a satisfactory account of his ship.
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Speaker 1: I had not one fault to allege. On arrival at Plymouth,
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Speaker 1: Cook found that orders had been given to the stores
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Speaker 1: that he was to be supplied with whatever he thought necessary,
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Speaker 1: But the only things required were larger coppers for the
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Speaker 1: distilling apparatus. The ones they had on board having proved
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Speaker 1: far too small. The officers and crew were paid up
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Speaker 1: to the twenty eighth of May, and the petty officers
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Speaker 1: and men also received two months advance to enable them
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Speaker 1: to provide necessaries and extras for the voyage. Cook remarks,
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Speaker 1: the payment of six months wages to the officers and
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Speaker 1: crews of these two sloops, being nearly all they had due,
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Speaker 1: was an indulgence never before granted to any of His
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Speaker 1: Majesty's ships. Cook now received his final orders, which he
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Speaker 1: had assisted to draw up. In fact, nothing was now
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Speaker 1: inserted that I did not fully comprehend and approve of.
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Speaker 1: He was to call at Madeira for a supply of wine,
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Speaker 1: to sail for the Cape of Good Hope, and there
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Speaker 1: refresh his men. Then to look for Cape Circumcision, placed
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Speaker 1: by Monsieur Beauvaux in fifty four degrees south eleven degrees
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Speaker 1: twenty minutes east, to determine if it formed part of
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Speaker 1: a continent, and if so, to explore it, following the
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Speaker 1: coast and endeavoring to get as near to the south
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Speaker 1: Pole as he could without endangering his ships or crews.
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Speaker 1: Should Cape Circumcision prove to be an island, or should
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Speaker 1: he be unable to find it, he was to proceed
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Speaker 1: as far south as he thought there was a probability
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Speaker 1: of meeting with land, and then staring east, circumnavigate the
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Speaker 1: world in as high a latude as he could. In
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Speaker 1: case of meeting with land, he was to explore as
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Speaker 1: far as time would permit. When the season rendered it
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Speaker 1: unsafe to remain in high latitudes, he was to retire
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Speaker 1: to the north to refit and recruit, and at a
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Speaker 1: proper season to return to the south. In any unforeseen circumstances,
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Speaker 1: he was to use his own discretion, and if the
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Speaker 1: resolution should be lost, he was to prosecute his voyage
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Speaker 1: in the adventure. A copy of these orders was given
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Speaker 1: to Captain Ferno, and in case of separation, the following
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Speaker 1: rendezvous were named Madeira Port Prayer in the Island of
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Speaker 1: Saint Iago, the Cape of Good Hope, and New Zealand
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Speaker 1: Forster Save Ship. The Forsters evidently were far from pleasant
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Speaker 1: traveling companions, and at one time or another seemed to
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Speaker 1: have quarreled with every one on board the ship. At
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Speaker 1: the first the father was dissatisfied with the accommodation allotted
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Speaker 1: to him and offered mister Cooper a hundred pounds to
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Speaker 1: turn out of his cabin. When this offer was declined,
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Speaker 1: he tried to force mister Gilbert the Master to give
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Speaker 1: up his threatening if he refused, he should be reported
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Speaker 1: to the King and turned out of the navy. This
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Speaker 1: threat appears to have been a favorite one and soon
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Speaker 1: became a byword with the seamen, who, according to mister Wales,
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Speaker 1: would use it at each other on every possible occasion.
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Speaker 1: But according to his own account, mister Forster was able
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Speaker 1: to save the expedition from a very great disaster. On
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Speaker 1: the twelfth of ji Lie. He says he came on
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Speaker 1: deck and noticed the ship was adrift from her moorings.
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Speaker 1: Neither the officer of the watch nor the lookout had
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Speaker 1: seen it till he called attention, and then, after a
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Speaker 1: scene of the greatest confusion, the ship was fortunately brought
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Speaker 1: up within a few feet of the rocks. On the
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Speaker 1: other hand, the master's log admits the resolution got adrift,
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Speaker 1: but before mister Forster reached the deck the fact had
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Speaker 1: been reported to the captain. All hands turned up the
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Speaker 1: jib and four stay sails set, and the ship quietly
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Speaker 1: dropped down into the sound and anchored. Never having been
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Speaker 1: in the slightest danger. The only other one to notice
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Speaker 1: the affair was Midshipman Willis, who simply states, dropped from
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Speaker 1: the boy and anchored in the sound. Having received the
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Speaker 1: private signals of the East India Company's navy and letters
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Speaker 1: of introduction from the Prince of Orange to all the
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Speaker 1: principal officers of the Dutch East India Company, instructing them
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Speaker 1: to afford every assistance it might be required, Cook hoisted
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Speaker 1: the signal to the adventure to weigh Anchor at five
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Speaker 1: a m. On the thirteenth of July, and with a
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Speaker 1: northwest breeze, the two ships sailed for Madeira. When well
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Speaker 1: out in the channel, the resolution's crew was mustered, and
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Speaker 1: it was found that, owing to a mistake of the clerk,
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Speaker 1: there was one man more than the compliment, so John
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Speaker 1: Clohan was entered on the supernumery list for wages and victuals.
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Speaker 1: On the twenty third, they were able to relieve a
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Speaker 1: small French boat from Ferreul to Kuruna, which had been
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Speaker 1: blind far off her course and had been short of
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Speaker 1: water for a fortnight. The day following they fell in
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Speaker 1: with three Spanish men of war. Cook said the sternmost
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Speaker 1: hoisted English colours and fired a gun to leeward, and
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Speaker 1: soon after hoisted his own proper colors and spoke with
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Speaker 1: the adventure. It appears she inquired who they were and
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Speaker 1: where they were going, and finally wished them a good voyage.
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Speaker 1: This account did not satisfy mister Forster, who waxes eloquent
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Speaker 1: and describes the event as a scene so humiliating to
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Speaker 1: the masters of the sea. He must have formed a
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Speaker 1: strange opinion of Cook if he thought for a moment
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Speaker 1: he was one to put up silently with anything humiliating
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Speaker 1: to the British flag. Mara, in his journal, points out
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Speaker 1: that the build and rig of the ships were unusual
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Speaker 1: for men of war, and that when the Spaniards found
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Speaker 1: they had stopped King's ships, they made a proper apology
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Speaker 1: and very politely took leave, wishing them a good voyage.
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Speaker 1: The first loss at Madeira, where they arrived on the
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Speaker 1: twenty ninth of July. They were kindly received by Miss
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Speaker 1: de Lonen, a merchant of Funchal, who entertained some of
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Speaker 1: the party at his house throughout the stay. Obtained permission
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Speaker 1: for the Foresters to explore the island and procured for
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Speaker 1: the ships the stores that were required. Here, Cook, with
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Speaker 1: his eye on the scurvy, purchased as many onions as
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Speaker 1: he thought would keep good, and ordered them to be
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Speaker 1: served out regularly to the crews as long as they lasted.
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Speaker 1: A further stock of fresh food, in the shape of fowls, pigs, goats,
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Speaker 1: and fruits, chiefly oranges and bananas, were laid in at
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Speaker 1: Port Prayer, where they had called for water. On the
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Speaker 1: nineteenth the first death occurred. One of the master's mates,
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Speaker 1: Henry Smooth Duke, was at work on one of the scuttles,
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Speaker 1: and falling over board was seen under the stern. Every
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Speaker 1: effort was made to save him, but it was too late.
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Speaker 1: Cook says he was a good steady man whose loss
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Speaker 1: was often felt during the voyage. In the twenty seventh
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Speaker 1: of August, Cook learnt that the adventure had also had
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Speaker 1: her losses. Two midshipmen Lambreck and Kemp had died of
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Speaker 1: fever brought on Captain Fernow, believed by bathing and drinking
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Speaker 1: too much water under the hot sun of Port Prayer.
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Speaker 1: At this time the resolution had a clean bill of health,
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Speaker 1: but for fear lest the heavy rains to which they
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Speaker 1: were constantly subjected, might cause sickness. The ship was constantly fumigated,
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Speaker 1: washed down, and thoroughly dried by means of stoves, as
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Speaker 1: advised by Captains Palliser and Campbell, satisfactory results. On nearing
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Speaker 1: the cape, a sharp but unavailing lookout was kept for
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Speaker 1: a bank which had been reported, and on the thirtieth
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Speaker 1: of October they arrived at Table Bay. The run from
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Speaker 1: home was considered to have been good, as they had
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Speaker 1: in great measure escaped the calms they had been told
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Speaker 1: to expect at that season of the year, and the currents,
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Speaker 1: though very strong, had only caused a difference between the
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Speaker 1: longitude obtained by observation and that of dead reckoning of
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Speaker 1: three quarters of a degree. So Cook concluded that those
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Speaker 1: north of the equator in the one direction were balanced
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Speaker 1: by those to the south in the contrary one. On landing,
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Speaker 1: they were received by the governor Baron Plattenberg, who told
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Speaker 1: Cook he had received orders from Holland that the two
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Speaker 1: sloops were to have every assistance at the place afforded.
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Speaker 1: He also said that the two French ships, commanded by
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Speaker 1: Monsieur de Kerguelen, had discovered land in forty eight degrees
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Speaker 1: south near the meridian of Mauritius, but after sailing along
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Speaker 1: the coast for about forty miles, he had been blown
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Speaker 1: off by a heavy gale in which he had lost
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Speaker 1: both boats and men. Two other French ships had also
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Speaker 1: called in March, which were on their way to explore
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Speaker 1: the South Pacific under Monsieur Marionne. Wales and Bailey got
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Speaker 1: their instruments ashore in order to make observations for the
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Speaker 1: purpose of correcting the watch machines. That made by Kendall
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Speaker 1: was found to be working well and gave the longitude
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Speaker 1: within one minute of time when compared with that fixed
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Speaker 1: by Monsieurs Mason and Dixon. In seventeen sixty one, the
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Speaker 1: first lieutenant of the adventure, mister Shank, who had been
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Speaker 1: ill almost from the day of leaving England, applied for
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Speaker 1: leave to return home as he felt unfit to proceed,
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Speaker 1: and mister Arthur Kemp was made first Lieutenant, his place
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Speaker 1: being taken by mister James Burney. Mister Sparman, a former
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Speaker 1: pupil of Linnaeus, was engaged by mister Forster as an
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Speaker 1: assistant and makes his appearance in the roles as servant.
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Speaker 1: The crews were well looked after, as much time granted
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Speaker 1: on shore as possible, and fresh meat, fresh vegetables, and
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Speaker 1: fresh baked bread were served out daily in ample quantity,
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Speaker 1: so that when the ships sailed to the southward, they
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Speaker 1: were all in as good a condition as when they
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Speaker 1: left England. Cook found time to write a letter of
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Speaker 1: farewell to mister Walker, as it was customary for men
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Speaker 1: to take leave of their friends before they go out
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Speaker 1: in the world. For I can hardly think myself in
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Speaker 1: it so long as I am deprived of having any
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Speaker 1: connection with the civilized part of it, and this will
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Speaker 1: soon be my case for two years at least. He
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Speaker 1: at the end speaks of his ships, both well provided
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Speaker 1: and well manned, and of the resolution. He says, I
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Speaker 1: can assure you I never set foot in a finer ship.
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Speaker 1: The first ice, on the twenty second of November, they
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Speaker 1: sailed for the south and soon began to feel the
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Speaker 1: colder climate. The warm jackets and trousers provided by the
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Speaker 1: Admiralty were served out, extra cuffs to protect the hands
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Speaker 1: being sewn in, and warm lined canvas capes being made.
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Speaker 1: From the twenty ninth to the sixth of December. They
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Speaker 1: were involved in such a heavy gale that the ships
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Speaker 1: were unable to carry any sail, and a large quantity
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Speaker 1: of the live stock bought it. The cape perished from
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Speaker 1: the effects of wet and cold. A scuttle which had
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Speaker 1: been insecurely fastened was burst open by the sea, and
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Speaker 1: a considerable quantity of water was taken on board, But
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Speaker 1: beyond necessitating some work at the pumps and rendering things
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Speaker 1: unpleasantly damp for a time, no damage was done. It, however,
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Speaker 1: gave mister Foster an opportunity for an account of the
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Speaker 1: terrible danger they were in, and most wonderful to relate
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Speaker 1: to speak well of the conduct of the crew. The
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Speaker 1: ships were carried so far to the east by the
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Speaker 1: gale that Cook gave up the idea of searching for
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Speaker 1: cape circumcision for the present. On the tenth the first
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Speaker 1: ice was encountered. In latitude fifty degrees forty minutes south
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Speaker 1: and a little higher. They were stopped by a large
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Speaker 1: field to which they could see no end either to
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Speaker 1: the east, west or south. This field was followed along
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Speaker 1: to the southeast for some days, but no opening was found, so,
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Speaker 1: being in constant danger from detached pieces, Cook reluctantly gave
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Speaker 1: orders to change the course to the northward. About the
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Speaker 1: middle of December, signs of scurvy began to show, and
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Speaker 1: extra precautions were at once taken. Fresh wart were served
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Speaker 1: out regularly to all hands, and the worst case received
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Speaker 1: considerable benefit from the treatment, although rob of lemons and oranges,
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Speaker 1: a sort of jelly made from the fruits, had no effect.
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Speaker 1: Ferno reported at this time that he had cured two
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Speaker 1: very bad cases. With the rob ships parted when they
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Speaker 1: had got thoroughly clear of all signs of ice. Cook
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Speaker 1: once again turned south and by the twenty sixth of
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Speaker 1: December had worked down as far as fifty degrees thirty
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Speaker 1: one minutes south twenty six degrees fifty seven minutes east,
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Speaker 1: where though surrounded by large masses of floating ice, they
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Speaker 1: steed to the west, leaving the main icefield to the
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Speaker 1: north of them, gradually working down to sixty degrees south
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Speaker 1: in the longitude given for Cape circumcision, and being some
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Speaker 1: ninety five leagues further south with no signs of land,
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Speaker 1: Cook concluded that Monsieur Bouvais had been deceived by the ice.
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Speaker 1: Bouvet Island was discovered by the German deep sea discovery
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Speaker 1: ship Valdivia on the twenty fifth of November eighteen ninety eight.
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Speaker 1: The position was fixed as fifty four degrees twenty six
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Speaker 1: point four minutes south three degrees twenty four point two
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Speaker 1: minutes south. Question and not fifty four degrees south eleven
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Speaker 1: degrees twenty east has given to Cook, which will account
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Speaker 1: for his want of success in the search for it.
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Speaker 1: Here mister Wales was enabled to get a sight of
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Speaker 1: the moon for the second time since leaving the Cape
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Speaker 1: of Good Hope, and taking several observations, fixed the position
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Speaker 1: of the ship with tolerable accuracy, changing the course to
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Speaker 1: east southeast. Very foggy weather was encountered, accompanied by great cold,
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Speaker 1: which coated the rigging with ice, rendering it pretty to
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Speaker 1: the eye but difficult and unpleasant to work. Cook says
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Speaker 1: that though this suggested very intense cold to the mind,
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Speaker 1: in reality the thermometer was rather higher than it had
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Speaker 1: been and the sea was far less encumbered with ice.
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Speaker 1: Taking large blocks of ice on board, it was found
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Speaker 1: that when the sea water was drained off, they provided
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Speaker 1: perfectly fresh water on melting, thus removing a great weight
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Speaker 1: from Cooke's shoulders, and he determined on venturing further to
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Speaker 1: the southward. On the seventeenth of January seventeen seventy three,
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Speaker 1: they crossed the Untactic circle in longitude thirty nine degrees
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Speaker 1: thirty five minutes east, and at noon their latitude by
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Speaker 1: observation was sixty six degrees thirty six minutes thirty seconds south,
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Speaker 1: the sea being free from ice. However, in the evening
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Speaker 1: they found themselves completely blocked by an enormous field extending
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Speaker 1: as far as the eye could reach, from the southeast
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Speaker 1: round to the west, and as the summer was nearly over,
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Speaker 1: Cook decided it was unwise to attempt anything for the
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Speaker 1: southwards and ordered a retreat to the north, again, making
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Speaker 1: for the land claimed to have been discovered by the French.
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Speaker 1: He spent some days searching for it, but nothing was
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Speaker 1: seen except some floating weed and a few birds that
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Speaker 1: are supposed never to get far from land. On the
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Speaker 1: eighth of February, a brisk gale sprang up, accompanied by
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Speaker 1: very hazy weather thickening into fog, and the two vessels separated.
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Speaker 1: The resolution cruised about, firing guns and burning flares, but
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Speaker 1: no response was heard, and when the weather cleared up,
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Speaker 1: the adventure was not seen. Poor mister Forster was dreadfully
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Speaker 1: scared when he realized the two ships had parted company.
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Speaker 1: He says that none of the crew ever looked around
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Speaker 1: the ocean without expressing concern. On seeing our ship alone
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Speaker 1: in this vast and unexplored expanse, he seems to have
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Speaker 1: been thoroughly unhappy, for he describes the whole voyage from
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Speaker 1: the Cape to New Zealand as a series of hardships
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Speaker 1: such as had never before been experienced by mortal man.
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Speaker 1: Cook conjectured rightly as it proved that being a little
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Speaker 1: to the south of Tasman's track, Ferno would make for
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Speaker 1: the rendezvous he had been given at New Zealand, and
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Speaker 1: therefore felt himself free to push on to the southeast,
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Speaker 1: as he judged that if any large body of land
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Speaker 1: was in the vicinity, it must lie in that direction,
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Speaker 1: for the swell coming from the southwest precluded the possibility
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Speaker 1: of any mass of land being in that quarter. On
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Speaker 1: the seventeenth of February, a display of the Aurora Australis
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Speaker 1: was reported to Cook, who speaks of it as something
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Speaker 1: quite new to him, although Banks noted a display during
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Speaker 1: the voyage of the Endeavour between Timor and Batavia. The
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Speaker 1: present one is described as having a spiral motion, the
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Speaker 1: direction not strongly defined, and at times quite strong flashes
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Speaker 1: of light. A second display was seen on the twenty fifth,
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Speaker 1: but not so marked. On this day too, some of
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Speaker 1: the ship's boats, engaged in watering from a small iceberg,
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Speaker 1: had a narrowed escape from destruction as the berg turned
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Speaker 1: completely over whilst they were at work. The weather becoming
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Speaker 1: very unsettled, the resolution was obliged to make to the north,
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Speaker 1: and on the eighth of March, the finest day they
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Speaker 1: had experienced since leaving the cape, they were able to
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Speaker 1: fix their position by observation as fifty nine degrees forty
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Speaker 1: four minutes south, one hundred twenty one degree nine minutes east,
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Speaker 1: the thermometer registering forty degrees. Of course, this pleasant break
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Speaker 1: was followed by a heavy gale with a tremendously heavy sea,
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Speaker 1: and the ship ran before it for New Zealand. Cook's
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Speaker 1: wish was to touch at Van Diemen's Land so as
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Speaker 1: to satisfy himself as to its forming a part of
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Speaker 1: New Holland, but the wind kept obstinately between west and north,
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Speaker 1: having shifted after the gale, and he thought it would
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Speaker 1: occupy a longer time than he could spare, so he
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Speaker 1: bore up for the south Island. It was soon found
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Speaker 1: that a few degrees of latitude made a great difference
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Speaker 1: in the temperature, which we felt with an agreeable satisfaction.
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Speaker 1: On the twenty fifth of March, at ten a m
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Speaker 1: New Zealand was sighted and Cook steered in to the
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Speaker 1: land with the intention of putting in to the first
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Speaker 1: port that appaired suitable, But as the weather became very hazy,
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Speaker 1: he thought it safer to stand off again. He had
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Speaker 1: picked up the land at a point which he had
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Speaker 1: only seen from a distance on his previous visit, and
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Speaker 1: now saw it under so many disadvantageous circumstances that the
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Speaker 1: less I say about it, the fewer mistakes I shall
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Speaker 1: make Dusky Bay. The following day they got safely into
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Speaker 1: Dusky Bay, finding forty four fathoms at the entrance and
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Speaker 1: a sandy bottom. In about a couple of leagues, they
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Speaker 1: found a good anchorage of fifty fathoms a house's length
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Speaker 1: or so from the shore. This was found to be
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Speaker 1: rather inconvenient, but another one was soon found by Lieutenant Pickersgill,
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Speaker 1: and received in consequence the name Pickersgill Harbor. Here the
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Speaker 1: observatory forge and tents were set up. Spruce beer was brewed,
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Speaker 1: to which molasses and some of their inspissated malt juice
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Speaker 1: was added, fish caught, and in fact everything possible for
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Speaker 1: the comfort of the crew for a short time was done.
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Speaker 1: They had been a hundred and seventeen days at sea,
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Speaker 1: had sailed three thousand, six hundred leagues without a sight
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Speaker 1: of land, and had arrived with only one man, sick
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Speaker 1: with the scurvy occasioned chiefly by a bad habit of
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Speaker 1: body and a complication of other disorders. One day, passing
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Speaker 1: an island whilst out surveying, Cook was called by a
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Speaker 1: Maldi and landed to meet him. The native was accompanied
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Speaker 1: by two women, and after an attempt at conversation, presented
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Speaker 1: Cook with a piece of native cloth, asking as far
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Speaker 1: as could be understood for a boat cloak. In return,
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Speaker 1: one was made for him out of Red Bays, and
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Speaker 1: gave so much satisfaction that he presented Cook with his patou,
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Speaker 1: a sort of short flat club made of stone. He
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Speaker 1: visited the ship and took great interest in all that
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Speaker 1: was going on, particularly with the saw pit. After watching
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Speaker 1: the men some time, he intimated his desire to try
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Speaker 1: his hand in the pit, but found the work not
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Speaker 1: quite so easy as it looked, and soon required very
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Speaker 1: little persuasion to relinquish his task. Cook speaks very favorably
25:35
Speaker 1: of Dusky Bay, a good anchorage, plenty of good water,
25:40
Speaker 1: game fish, and easy to enter. The timber he describes
25:45
Speaker 1: as the best he had seen in New Zealand, with
25:48
Speaker 1: the exception of that at the Thames there was but
25:53
Speaker 1: little edible herbage, but he tried to remedy this by
25:57
Speaker 1: planting a quantity of European seeds, and he also left
26:01
Speaker 1: in a place where he hoped they might be undisturbed
26:05
Speaker 1: a pair of geese. Whilst here, Cook was for a
26:09
Speaker 1: time confined to his cabin by what he describes as
26:13
Speaker 1: a slight cold, but mister Forster says was a severe
26:17
Speaker 1: attack of rheumatism. After several unsuccessful attempts owing to contrary winds,
26:25
Speaker 1: they left Dusky Bay on the eleventh of May, and
26:29
Speaker 1: on the seventeenth, when near Cape Stephens, fell in with
26:33
Speaker 1: six water spouts, one of which came within fifty yards
26:37
Speaker 1: of the ship, and Cook regretted he had not fired
26:41
Speaker 1: a gun at it, as he had heard that course recommended.
26:45
Speaker 1: He says he had one ready, but was so busy
26:48
Speaker 1: noting the phenomena that he did not think of it
26:51
Speaker 1: at the time. On the other hand, Forster says that
26:55
Speaker 1: one was ordered to be got ready, but our people,
26:58
Speaker 1: being as usual very desultry about it, the danger was
27:02
Speaker 1: passed before we could try the experiment. Fernau reports. On
27:09
Speaker 1: the eighteenth of May, they arrived at Queen Charlotte's Sound,
27:14
Speaker 1: finding as Cook had expected the adventure there before them.
27:19
Speaker 1: Fernau immediately reported himself to his commanding officer and said
27:24
Speaker 1: that they had been there for six weeks. After they
27:28
Speaker 1: had lost sight of the resolution. On the eighth of February,
27:32
Speaker 1: they heard a gun and bore up for it, firing
27:35
Speaker 1: every half hour, but heard no reply. They then cruised
27:40
Speaker 1: about for three days as near the spot as the
27:43
Speaker 1: weather would permit, and then, following Tasman's track, as Cook
27:48
Speaker 1: had surmised, made for New Zealand, sighting Van Diemen's Land
27:53
Speaker 1: on the ninth of March near Tasman's south cape. He
27:58
Speaker 1: sent a boat ashore at the first opportunity, and a
28:02
Speaker 1: few traces of natives were seen, but the weather was
28:06
Speaker 1: so threatening that the boat had to return to the ship.
28:10
Speaker 1: They then put into Adventure Bay, and, staying five days,
28:15
Speaker 1: took in wood and water. They had been reduced to
28:18
Speaker 1: a quart per day of the last for some time.
28:22
Speaker 1: A few deserted huts and occasional smokes were seen, but
28:27
Speaker 1: no other signs of the inhabitants. They then continued up
28:31
Speaker 1: the coast till it trended away to the west, forming
28:35
Speaker 1: Fornaux thought a deep bay passing the islands which now
28:40
Speaker 1: bear Fernau's name. Bad weather came on and he judged
28:45
Speaker 1: it wise to make for his rendezvous, firmly convinced that
28:49
Speaker 1: Van Diemen's Land was joined to New Holland. On the
28:53
Speaker 1: thirtieth of March, they sighted the South Island and were
28:57
Speaker 1: greatly retarded in their run up the post by the
29:01
Speaker 1: heavy swell from the north. On their arrival in Queen
29:05
Speaker 1: Charlotte's Sound, they found the pole erected on Motuara with
29:10
Speaker 1: the name of the endeavor and date on it, and
29:14
Speaker 1: several of the inhabitants came forward to trade and inquire.
29:18
Speaker 1: After Cook and Tupia on the eleventh of May they
29:23
Speaker 1: experienced the shock of having an earthquake, but no damage
29:27
Speaker 1: was done. Finding that several of the adventure's crew were
29:32
Speaker 1: very sick, Cook immediately sent out boats for a supply
29:36
Speaker 1: of scurvy grass, and gave orders that it should be
29:41
Speaker 1: boiled with wheat and portable broth every morning for breakfast,
29:46
Speaker 1: and with peas and broth for dinner, knowing from experience
29:50
Speaker 1: that these vegetables thus dressed are extremely beneficial and removing
29:55
Speaker 1: all manner of scorbutic complaints. Janko had prepared to winter
30:02
Speaker 1: in Queen Charlotte's Sound, but Cook thought it too soon
30:05
Speaker 1: to settle down to rest and decided to push on.
30:10
Speaker 1: He was half inclined to go over to Van Diemen's
30:12
Speaker 1: Land and settle the question of it being a part
30:16
Speaker 1: of New Holland, but Fernoa ped convinced, and the winds
30:20
Speaker 1: were contrary, so he decided on proceeding eastwards, and the
30:25
Speaker 1: adventure was ordered to refit as rapidly as possible. A
30:31
Speaker 1: boat sent out for timber on the third of June
30:34
Speaker 1: was chased by a large canoe filled with men, but
30:38
Speaker 1: Cook thought no harm was intended. On a second occasion,
30:42
Speaker 1: some natives were on the ship when a large canoe
30:46
Speaker 1: came up, and those on board requested Cook to fire
30:49
Speaker 1: on it, saying its occupants were enemies. This Cook declined
30:55
Speaker 1: to do and instead invited them to come on board,
31:00
Speaker 1: citation that was accepted after a brief ceremonial, and the
31:04
Speaker 1: newcomers behaved themselves quite properly. But soon Cook had to
31:09
Speaker 1: get rid of them all, for he found his men
31:11
Speaker 1: were selling their clothing, which they would shortly require, for
31:15
Speaker 1: things of no value, either as curiosities or otherwise. The
31:21
Speaker 1: newcomers went off to mow Tuara, and Cook followed them up.
31:26
Speaker 1: He had some little conversation with them, but did not
31:29
Speaker 1: remember having seen any of them at his previous visit,
31:33
Speaker 1: and thought none of them recognized him. They had their
31:37
Speaker 1: cooking utensils with them, and he concluded they intended to
31:41
Speaker 1: settle down at any rate for a time. Gardens had
31:46
Speaker 1: been started by Ferno on his arrival, and Cook tried
31:51
Speaker 1: to interest the Maldis in them. He showed them the potatoes,
31:55
Speaker 1: carrots and parsnips, which they seemed to understand and appreciate,
32:00
Speaker 1: and they promised to look after them. He remarks that
32:04
Speaker 1: the intercourse between the Maurys and the Whites did not
32:08
Speaker 1: tend to improve the morals of the former, whom he
32:11
Speaker 1: had hitherto looked upon as superior in that respect to
32:16
Speaker 1: the other south Sea Islanders. He had come across the
32:20
Speaker 1: watch machine. On the seventh of June, the two ships
32:25
Speaker 1: put to sea, and on the eighth some accident happened
32:29
Speaker 1: to Arnold's time piece on board the Resolution, and they
32:33
Speaker 1: were unable to wind it up. So far it had
32:36
Speaker 1: been working very well, but not quite so accurately as Kendall's.
32:42
Speaker 1: On the return of the ship to England, Arnold was
32:45
Speaker 1: informed that, either by carelessness or wilfully, mister Wales had
32:50
Speaker 1: caused this difficulty. Wales attributed this rumor to the Foresters,
32:56
Speaker 1: to whom he wrote on the subject, and it is
32:59
Speaker 1: very evident from their replies that though they did not
33:03
Speaker 1: admit having circulated the report, they were not ignorant that
33:08
Speaker 1: Arnold had been so informed. There does not appear to
33:12
Speaker 1: have been any ground for the accusation, but it does
33:15
Speaker 1: appear very probable it originated with the foresters. Throughout the
33:21
Speaker 1: rest of June they experienced very rough weather, and it
33:26
Speaker 1: was not till the eighteenth of July that they reached
33:29
Speaker 1: one hundred and thirty three degrees west, having seen no
33:33
Speaker 1: signs of land on their way, Cook therefore turned northwards
33:38
Speaker 1: so as to cross the space between his track north
33:42
Speaker 1: and return south in seventeen sixty nine. This course would
33:47
Speaker 1: practically settle one view about the supposed southern continent, for
33:52
Speaker 1: it had been laid down by some of the theorists
33:55
Speaker 1: that it must be in the middle latitudes of the
33:58
Speaker 1: South Pacific. New Zealand had been said to be the
34:02
Speaker 1: western side of this continent, already disproved by Cook in
34:07
Speaker 1: his previous voyage, and what force to cause the pretended
34:11
Speaker 1: discoveries near America the eastern side. The proposed course would
34:17
Speaker 1: take the ships through the center of the part of
34:20
Speaker 1: the ocean in dispute. On the twenty ninth of July,
34:25
Speaker 1: Cook sent a boat to the adventure, as he had
34:28
Speaker 1: heard her crew were very sickly, and found that about
34:32
Speaker 1: twenty of her men were down with scurvy, and the
34:35
Speaker 1: cook had died of the disease. Orders were given that
34:39
Speaker 1: the utmost precautions were to be taken, and wart carrot,
34:44
Speaker 1: marmalade and rob of lemon were to be freely served
34:47
Speaker 1: out on the Resolution. At the same time, three men
34:52
Speaker 1: were on the sick list, only one of whom had scurvy,
34:56
Speaker 1: but some of the others were showing symptoms, so similar
35:00
Speaker 1: precautions were taken with good results dangerous waders. Cook was
35:08
Speaker 1: so anxious about the adventurous crew that he would not
35:12
Speaker 1: look for pitcaran island discovered by Carter right, although he
35:17
Speaker 1: believed he was in its neighborhood. On the first of August,
35:21
Speaker 1: he was about fifteen leagues to the west, but a
35:24
Speaker 1: day or so after was able to have Ferno on
35:27
Speaker 1: board to dinner, who reported a great improvement. He had
35:31
Speaker 1: some cider on board, which he had served out with
35:34
Speaker 1: gratifying results. Two islands were sighted on the eleventh, which
35:40
Speaker 1: Cook named Resolution and Doubtful Islands. He believed them to
35:44
Speaker 1: have been discovered by de Bogainville. The following morning, at daylight,
35:50
Speaker 1: they found themselves almost on top of what Cook calls
35:54
Speaker 1: a half drowned island or rather large coral shoal of
35:59
Speaker 1: about twenty leagues in circuit. In the lagoon which it surrounded,
36:04
Speaker 1: they saw a large canoe under sail. The island was
36:09
Speaker 1: named after Ferno, as they were now in such a
36:12
Speaker 1: dangerous neighborhood. Cook ordered that at night the cutter, with
36:16
Speaker 1: an officer and seven men, should keep in advance of
36:20
Speaker 1: the ships until they arrived in sight of matya Osinaburg
36:25
Speaker 1: Island on the fifteenth of July, when being in waters,
36:29
Speaker 1: he knew its services were discontinued. He stared for the
36:34
Speaker 1: south side of O Tahiti in order to get fresh
36:39
Speaker 1: vegetables as soon as possible, and on the sixteenth at
36:43
Speaker 1: daybreak they found themselves about two miles from the reef.
36:48
Speaker 1: The wind dropped and the set of the current was
36:51
Speaker 1: taking them on to the reef, so the boats were
36:54
Speaker 1: ordered out to tow, but getting near an opening through
36:58
Speaker 1: which the tide was rushing with great force, they were
37:01
Speaker 1: unable to keep the ships off. The yanchors were let
37:05
Speaker 1: go and the adventure finding holding ground was brought up,
37:09
Speaker 1: but the resolution was not so fortunate and was carried
37:13
Speaker 1: on to the reef and struck two or three times,
37:16
Speaker 1: fortunately without doing any serious damage. A land breeze springing
37:22
Speaker 1: up and the tide slackening enabled them to get in
37:25
Speaker 1: safety with the loss of three anchors, a cable and
37:29
Speaker 1: a couple of houses. The bower anchor was recovered by
37:34
Speaker 1: mister Gilbert the next day. Cook says that though he
37:38
Speaker 1: thought they had a remarkably narrow escape, the natives who
37:42
Speaker 1: saw them did not seem to appreciate that they had
37:46
Speaker 1: been in any danger. They remained at this anchorage for
37:50
Speaker 1: a week and obtained plenty of coconuts and bananas, but
37:55
Speaker 1: though they saw hogs, they were unable to purchase any,
37:59
Speaker 1: as the people declared they had all belonged to their chief,
38:03
Speaker 1: So hearing he was in the neighborhood, Cook landed to
38:06
Speaker 1: call on him and at once recognized him as Tiori,
38:10
Speaker 1: whom he had seen in seventeen sixty nine. The chief
38:15
Speaker 1: also remembered him and inquired after several of the endeavor people.
38:20
Speaker 1: He tried to get Cook to make a longer stay,
38:23
Speaker 1: promising supplies of fresh meat as an inducement, but as
38:28
Speaker 1: such promises had so often been broken before, Cook replied
38:32
Speaker 1: he should leave the next day. Whilst here, one of
38:36
Speaker 1: the marines, who had been ailing more or less all
38:39
Speaker 1: the voyage had become dropsical, died, and the one man
38:44
Speaker 1: who was suffering from scurvy still remained on the sick list.
38:49
Speaker 1: On the other hand, the adventure's crew had greatly improved
38:53
Speaker 1: in health with a change to fresh vegetables. One of
38:57
Speaker 1: the natives was found to have picked up cocoanuts from
39:01
Speaker 1: which the sailors had drunk the milk, and, having carefully
39:04
Speaker 1: sealed up the holes, resold them and did not seem
39:08
Speaker 1: disconcerted when his trick was found out. Before the ships
39:13
Speaker 1: reached their anchorage at Matavi Bay, they were crowded with natives,
39:18
Speaker 1: many of whom Cook recognized, and almost all of whom
39:23
Speaker 1: knew him O two. The king at once recognized Cook
39:28
Speaker 1: and inquired after Banks, Solander, and others of the endeavor,
39:33
Speaker 1: yet forced her gravely asserts that he never saw them
39:37
Speaker 1: at the former visit. The old fort on Point Venus
39:41
Speaker 1: was reoccupied, tents pitched and the observatory set up, and
39:47
Speaker 1: the camp was placed under the command of Lieutenant Edgecombe
39:51
Speaker 1: of the Marines. Spaniards hanged. The king gave a theatrical
39:59
Speaker 1: entertainment in honor of their arrival, at which his sister
40:03
Speaker 1: was the only female performer. It had some reference to
40:07
Speaker 1: the coming of the ships, but they were not able
40:10
Speaker 1: to follow the thread of the story. Cook could see
40:14
Speaker 1: that O Tu was nervous and uncomfortable, and felt dissatisfied
40:18
Speaker 1: with his reception so determined to cut short his stay.
40:23
Speaker 1: No one could understand the reason of the unsatisfactory feeling,
40:27
Speaker 1: but Forster suggested it was owing to the advice of
40:30
Speaker 1: a Spanish deserter who had left his ship about March
40:34
Speaker 1: seventeen seventy three. This vessel was commanded by Don Juan
40:40
Speaker 1: de Lungara u Huato and was from Calio. Her voyage
40:45
Speaker 1: has not been published, but the natives gave Forster to
40:49
Speaker 1: understand that four of her sailors had been hanged on
40:53
Speaker 1: her arrival. Cook refers to the presence of a white
40:57
Speaker 1: man who, when he thought he had been observed, disappeared
41:01
Speaker 1: and was not seen again. Young Forster made an attempt
41:05
Speaker 1: to explore the interior, but finding the climbing more difficult
41:10
Speaker 1: than he expected, soon returned. In the gardens which had
41:14
Speaker 1: been planted at the endeavor's visit, pumpkins seemed to be
41:18
Speaker 1: the only things which had done well, and for these
41:22
Speaker 1: the natives did not care, which is not to be
41:25
Speaker 1: wondered at, said Cook. Further inquiries as to the religious
41:30
Speaker 1: ceremonies were made, but nothing very definite was ascertained. It
41:35
Speaker 1: appeared that on very rare occasions, special criminals selected by
41:40
Speaker 1: the High priests were sacrificed at the Marys. Cook also
41:46
Speaker 1: formed the opinion that the standard of morality amongst the
41:50
Speaker 1: women was much higher than had previously been admitted. Sailing
41:55
Speaker 1: with a favorable wind on the first of September for
41:59
Speaker 1: who he he needs, the adventure ran ashore, going through
42:02
Speaker 1: the reef, but with the assistance of the Resolution's boats,
42:07
Speaker 1: she was soon towed off without serious damage. Forster, as usual,
42:12
Speaker 1: tries to cause trouble by declaring that Cook would not
42:16
Speaker 1: send assistance till the Resolution was safely anchored, and thus
42:21
Speaker 1: added to the danger of his consort, as the boats
42:25
Speaker 1: were in the water before the accident occurred in order
42:28
Speaker 1: to render immediate assistance if required. Mister Forster's story is
42:33
Speaker 1: too thin. On arrival, Cook was informed his old friend
42:39
Speaker 1: o Ree was coming to see him, so he went
42:42
Speaker 1: ashore to meet him. The boat was hauled up close
42:46
Speaker 1: to the chief's house, and then five young plantain trees
42:50
Speaker 1: as emblems of peace, were carried on board one by one,
42:56
Speaker 1: the first three being accompanied by a young pig with
42:59
Speaker 1: his ears ornamented with coconut fiber. The fourth was accompanied
43:04
Speaker 1: by a dog, and the fifth by the bag which
43:08
Speaker 1: Cook had given Ori in seventeen sixty nine, containing the
43:13
Speaker 1: butwter plate with the inscription relating to the endeavor's visit
43:18
Speaker 1: and the beads in imitation coins. On the advice of
43:22
Speaker 1: his guide, Cook decorated three of the plantains with nails, medals,
43:28
Speaker 1: beads et cetera, and tea inferno, and Forster landed with
43:33
Speaker 1: them in their hands. They were requested to sit down,
43:37
Speaker 1: and the trees were taken from them and placed before Ori,
43:42
Speaker 1: the first for God, the second for the king, and
43:45
Speaker 1: the third for friendship. The chief then came forward and
43:50
Speaker 1: greeted Cook in a most affectionate manner, the tears trickling
43:55
Speaker 1: down his cheeks. Further presents were then exchanged, and the
44:00
Speaker 1: ceremony was over Sparman's misadventure. Here they were able to
44:07
Speaker 1: purchase a plentiful supply of everything, pigs, fowls, and fruit,
44:12
Speaker 1: and Cook says that if he had been able to
44:15
Speaker 1: stay longer, he might have bought as much more, as
44:18
Speaker 1: everything seemed abundant. The only disagreeable thing that happened was
44:24
Speaker 1: to mister Sparman, who, out by himself botanizing, was set
44:29
Speaker 1: upon and stripped of everything, but as trousers besant substitute
44:34
Speaker 1: spectacles for trousers. He made his way towards the boats
44:39
Speaker 1: and was befriended by a native who gave him some
44:43
Speaker 1: cloth to put over his shoulders and escorted him to
44:46
Speaker 1: the others. When Ori heard of the affair, he placed
44:50
Speaker 1: himself in Cook's hands and did his best to find
44:54
Speaker 1: out the culprits, and after a time Sparman's hanger and
44:59
Speaker 1: the greater part of his things were recovered. It seems
45:03
Speaker 1: probable that some native law had been unwittingly broken, and
45:08
Speaker 1: Sparman's treatment was meant as a punishment for everyone else
45:12
Speaker 1: had been particularly well treated. Before leaving, Cook added to
45:17
Speaker 1: Ore's treasures a copper plate on which was inscribed anchored
45:22
Speaker 1: here his Britannic Majesty's Ships, Resolution and Adventure, September seventeen
45:29
Speaker 1: seventy three. Some medals were also given him, and he
45:34
Speaker 1: was requested to show them to any visitors that came
45:39
Speaker 1: at Uluitia. They were received at a heava or dramatic performance,
45:45
Speaker 1: one portion of which illustrated robbery by two men, and
45:49
Speaker 1: Cook says it was acted in such a masterly manner
45:53
Speaker 1: as sufficiently displayed the genius of the people. In its vice,
45:58
Speaker 1: fruit and vegetables being rather scarce, mister Pickersgill was dispatched
46:03
Speaker 1: with a boat from each ship to an island, Cook
46:07
Speaker 1: cause O Taha, where they were said to be plentiful,
46:11
Speaker 1: and he was able to purchase as much as they
46:14
Speaker 1: had means to pay for at a very reasonable rate.
46:18
Speaker 1: But during negotiations the bag containing the trade was stolen.
46:23
Speaker 1: Pickerskill at once seized everything of value he could lay
46:26
Speaker 1: his hands on, signifying at the same time that all
46:30
Speaker 1: should be returned when the bag and its contents were produced.
46:35
Speaker 1: In the evening, a chief who had been friendly all
46:38
Speaker 1: day went off and soon came back with the bag
46:42
Speaker 1: and about half its contents. Eventually all was recovered and
46:47
Speaker 1: the boats left with good loads in a perfectly friendly manner.
46:53
Speaker 1: When the boats went from Ulitia, the crews of the
46:56
Speaker 1: two vessels were again entertained. But during the night all
47:01
Speaker 1: the natives disappeared, to the surprise and annoyance of Cook,
47:05
Speaker 1: who thought something serious had happened to offend them. It
47:09
Speaker 1: turned out that seeing the boats did not return, the
47:13
Speaker 1: natives thought it was a case of desertion. And were
47:16
Speaker 1: afraid they might be held responsible. Bagpipes appreciated. Leaving here,
47:24
Speaker 1: the course was to the south of west so as
47:28
Speaker 1: to clear the tracks of other explorers, and then to
47:32
Speaker 1: call at Middleburg and Amsterdam. Each night. The ships lay
47:37
Speaker 1: too in order that they might not overlook any unknown island,
47:42
Speaker 1: and on the twenty third of September Harvey's Islands were
47:45
Speaker 1: sighted and named. On the first of October, Middleburg was reached,
47:51
Speaker 1: but no good anchorage being found, they went on to Amsterdam.
47:55
Speaker 1: Before they got clearer away, however, two canoes came out,
48:00
Speaker 1: and the coast opened up in a more promising manner.
48:04
Speaker 1: They ran in again and found ground in twenty five fathoms.
48:09
Speaker 1: Plenty of the natives, quite unarmed, came off to the ships,
48:14
Speaker 1: some amongst whom was a chief named Tiuni, were invited
48:19
Speaker 1: on board. The traders were so anxious to do business
48:24
Speaker 1: that those who could not get near enough to hand
48:26
Speaker 1: their goods into the boats pitched them over the heads
48:30
Speaker 1: of their friends. Some of the party accompanied Tiuni to
48:35
Speaker 1: his house, which was delightfully situated, and were entertained with
48:40
Speaker 1: refreshments in the shape of cocoanuts, bananas, and a few
48:45
Speaker 1: shadocks called by Forster pumple moses and music, and in
48:51
Speaker 1: return the ship's bagpipes played to the great enjoyment of
48:56
Speaker 1: the natives. Turnbull, who visited the Pacific during the years
49:01
Speaker 1: eighteen hundred to eighteen o four, says that these instruments
49:06
Speaker 1: were remembered and in O Tahiti were it specially asked
49:10
Speaker 1: for The musical contribution of the natives commenced with a
49:15
Speaker 1: song by three girls, who sang rather nicely and were
49:19
Speaker 1: duly rewarded with presents, whereon all the women began singing
49:24
Speaker 1: in a manner which Cook describes as both musical and harmonious.
49:30
Speaker 1: A short walk disclosed plantations well laid out and kept,
49:36
Speaker 1: but as edibles seemed scarce, a departure was made the
49:40
Speaker 1: next day for Amsterdam, the waves breaking high upon the
49:44
Speaker 1: rocks as they followed the coast of the southern point
49:48
Speaker 1: of Amsterdam. Several canoes came out, and their occupants came
49:53
Speaker 1: aboard without hesitation, presenting kava root as a peace offering.
49:58
Speaker 1: The ships anchored in eighteen fathoms and was soon crowded
50:03
Speaker 1: with visitors. Nothing but cloth was offered for sale, so Cook,
50:08
Speaker 1: finding the sailors were parting with clothing they would soon
50:12
Speaker 1: be wanting issued in order that no curiosities were to
50:16
Speaker 1: be purchased, with the result that next morning hogs, fowls, coconuts,
50:22
Speaker 1: and bananas were forthcoming. Cook Forster and some of the
50:26
Speaker 1: others went ashore and found a chief Attago, who had
50:31
Speaker 1: attached himself to cook, very useful in their trading. Mister
50:36
Speaker 1: Hodges painted a picture of the slanding, but as mister
50:40
Speaker 1: Forster very justly points out, the attire of the natives
50:44
Speaker 1: is far too classical. It was noticed that many of
50:48
Speaker 1: the natives had lost the top joint of the little
50:51
Speaker 1: finger of one and in some cases of both hands.
50:56
Speaker 1: This was understood to be a mark of mourning for
50:58
Speaker 1: the loss of parents. The fowls here were remarkably good,
51:04
Speaker 1: and the sailors purchased some for the purpose of cock fighting,
51:08
Speaker 1: but they proved much more successful in the pot. The
51:12
Speaker 1: island is described as well cultivated, not an inch of
51:16
Speaker 1: ground being wasted in roads or fences. Forster reported having
51:22
Speaker 1: seen a large caserina tree loaded with crows, but they
51:26
Speaker 1: proved to be that pest of the fruit grower, flying foxes.
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Speaker 1: He also states that the resolution anchored in the same
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Speaker 1: spot as Tasman. When he discovered the island. The natives
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Speaker 1: proved as adept at thieving as the majority of the
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Speaker 1: south Sea islanders. One man, who had stolen some books
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Speaker 1: from the master's cabin, got off in his canoe, and,
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Speaker 1: being chased, took to the water, and, diving under his
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Speaker 1: pursuer's boat, unshipped the udder and got clear away. Mister Wales,
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Speaker 1: in going ashore, took off his shoes and stockings to
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Speaker 1: save them from getting wet, when they were at once
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Speaker 1: snatched up by a native, who ran off with them
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Speaker 1: over the coral rocks, leaving poor Whales in what Cook
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Speaker 1: called an unpleasant but laughable position, unable to follow over
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Speaker 1: the sharp stone. However, Atago soon afterwards recovered them. The
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Speaker 1: language was closely allied to that used in the society group,
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Speaker 1: many words being identical, and Cook concluded they had some
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Speaker 1: form of religious worship, as he noted enclosing pieces of
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Speaker 1: ground in which one or two particular men were accustomed
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Speaker 1: to repeat speeches, apparently of a set nature. End of
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Speaker 1: Chapter thirteen, Part one