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Team Favorite At the Money: The Tech Behind a Crypto Future · Masters in Business

• 0:00
  Speaker 1: Tis.
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  Speaker 2: Yeah, it just set. What's the show in canc what's
• 0:23
  Speaker 2: the one? What's going on with the technology underlying cryptocurrencies?
• 0:32
  Speaker 2: What is bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies and what are their future?
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  Speaker 2: I'm Barry withhelts and on today's edition of At the Money,
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  Speaker 2: we're going to discuss all sorts of cryptocurrencies. To help
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  Speaker 2: us unpack this and what it means for your portfolio,
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  Speaker 2: let's bring in Matt Hogan. He's the chief investment officer
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  Speaker 2: at Bitwise Asset Management. The firm runs over ten billion
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  Speaker 2: dollars in clients crypto assets. So Matt, let's start with
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  Speaker 2: a really basic question. What is bitcoin? What is ethereum?
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  Speaker 2: And what use cases do these coins have?
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  Speaker 1: Oh? Amazing, Well, it's great to be here.
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  Speaker 2: You know.
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  Speaker 1: Bitcoin is a crypto asset. The way I think of
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  Speaker 1: it is the first way that investors can store wealth
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  Speaker 1: in a digital format without relying on any government or
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  Speaker 1: any bank. It's built on a major technical innovation called
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  Speaker 1: the blockchain, which took forty years to develop trying to
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  Speaker 1: figure out how to make this possible. Bitcoin broke through
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  Speaker 1: that in two thousand and eight, two thousand and nine,
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  Speaker 1: and it's been gaining steady adoption ever since, Ethereum is
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  Speaker 1: something more complex than bitcoin. If you think of bitcoin
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  Speaker 1: as digital money, you can think of ethereum as making
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  Speaker 1: money and compute programmable in a public setting, and you
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  Speaker 1: can build applications on that. You can build smart contracts,
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  Speaker 1: you can build stable coins, you can build other applications.
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  Speaker 1: I think it's a very exciting technology. But you can
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  Speaker 1: think of bitcoin as digital money Ethereum as sort of
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  Speaker 1: public compute and programmable money, and you'd be pretty close
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  Speaker 1: to realbum.
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  Speaker 2: So you mentioned smart contracts. I'm kind of fascinated by that.
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  Speaker 2: When we were talking about this a few years ago,
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  Speaker 2: the idea for smart contracts for concert tickets had come up,
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  Speaker 2: where hey, Taylor Swift is unhappy that in the US,
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  Speaker 2: scalpers are buying up their tickets, keeping them away from
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  Speaker 2: the fans and selling them for five thousand dollars. If
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  Speaker 2: we were to put Taylor Swift contracts on ethereum, she
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  Speaker 2: could sell her tickets at fifty dollars, and whoever buys them,
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  Speaker 2: if they want to resell it at a higher price,
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  Speaker 2: she says, great, this contract, says, I get half of that.
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  Speaker 2: And so the idea is to encourage it going to
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  Speaker 2: fans and making it less profitable for scalpers. But even
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  Speaker 2: if they do scalp it, well, when the artists themselves
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  Speaker 2: get it, how realistic our applications like that? And when
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  Speaker 2: might we see something along those lines?
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  Speaker 1: I love it. It's all going to happen very I think
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  Speaker 1: they're all realistic. Crypto enables frictionless, programmable money. So what
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  Speaker 1: you're raising there as an example of allowing money to
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  Speaker 1: be programmable, it's not just concert tickets. You could say
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  Speaker 1: the same thing about art. Artists are always upset that
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  Speaker 1: they sell their art and then at one hundred x's
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  Speaker 1: in price and they don't benefit from that directly. And
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  Speaker 1: so this idea of attaching revenue streams downstream from it
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  Speaker 1: is something that you can do easily in the blockchain setting.
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  Speaker 1: The natural question is why hasn't it happened? Right, if
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  Speaker 1: we were talking about this two years ago and it's
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  Speaker 1: such a great idea, why hasn't it happened? And there
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  Speaker 1: are two reasons for that. One is that Crypto has
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  Speaker 1: had a regulatory cloud hanging over it. The SEC has
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  Speaker 1: been launching lawsuits against Crypto. There was concerns in Congress
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  Speaker 1: a senator was building anti crypto army. If you're a
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  Speaker 1: mainstream corporation, are you going to build a new business
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  Speaker 1: in an area where a senator is building an army
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  Speaker 1: to crush you? You're not, So we didn't see any
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  Speaker 1: of that. The second is that blockchains were slow and
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  Speaker 1: costly until about a year ago. Sort of we've gone
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  Speaker 1: through in blockchains what we went through going from dial
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  Speaker 1: up to broadband Internet. Now we have highly performant, low
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  Speaker 1: cost blockchains that can perform a lot of transactions, and
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  Speaker 1: we have a positive regulatory environment. I think you're going
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  Speaker 1: to see a flowering of a million use cases over
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  Speaker 1: the next two or three years. In crypto they're going
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  Speaker 1: to blow people's minds. I think they're going to go mainstream.
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  Speaker 1: You're going to be using crypto apps without even knowing it,
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  Speaker 1: and I think people haven't woken up to that reality yet.
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  Speaker 2: So you're really suggesting where like nineteen ninety three in
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  Speaker 2: the Internet is that? Is that a good frame of reference.
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  Speaker 1: That is exactly right, and you're seeing these crypto apps
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  Speaker 1: pop up and break through people's consciousness. A good examp
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  Speaker 1: was polymarket during the election. Oh sure, everyone was looking
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  Speaker 1: at poly market for the prediction odds on who would
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  Speaker 1: win the president into the election.
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  Speaker 2: It was.
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  Speaker 1: It was in the Bloomberg terminal, right, the data from it.
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  Speaker 1: That was a crypto app. It could only be built
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  Speaker 1: on crypto. Crypto enabled it to happen, and yet no
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  Speaker 1: one was talking about that. So, yeah, it's nineteen ninety four,
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  Speaker 1: nineteen ninety six. On the Internet. We're starting to see
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  Speaker 1: a few examples. Yahoo's jumping up, you know, Email is
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  Speaker 1: jumping up. Hotmail is happening, but it hasn't gone mainstream net.
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  Speaker 1: It's about too.
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  Speaker 2: So it sounds like there are a lot of new
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  Speaker 2: use cases for things like ethereum. Give us some other examples,
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  Speaker 2: because you're obviously much more knowledgeable about this.
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  Speaker 1: Then stable coins are one of the great killer apps
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  Speaker 1: to develop in crypto. A stable coin is a money
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  Speaker 1: market fund, but on a blockchain. Right, It's a way
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  Speaker 1: to access dollars on a blockchain. So why is that
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  Speaker 1: a killer app? There are two reasons. One, it puts
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  Speaker 1: a US bank account at the fingertips of anyone with
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  Speaker 1: a cell phone, anyone at wear around the world. And
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  Speaker 1: if you're in Argentina or you're in Turkey and you
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  Speaker 1: can't easily access a US dollar bank account. But your
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  Speaker 1: currency has high inflation, you're going to want access to
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  Speaker 1: stable coins that's built primarily on ethereum. If you're in
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  Speaker 1: a sub Saharan Africa, there's a company called Yellowcard that's
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  Speaker 1: using stable coins to do country to country payments between
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  Speaker 1: business entities. It's growing at an exceptional rate. The US
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  Speaker 1: dollar is a phenomenal tool, and most people don't have
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  Speaker 1: access to it. Stable coins make that instantly accessible globally,
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  Speaker 1: and so I think that's a good example of how
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  Speaker 1: crypto can really go mainstream at a very fast rate.
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  Speaker 2: So let's talk a little bit about security. I recall
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  Speaker 2: ten years ago crazy numbers something like a lot of hacks,
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  Speaker 2: a lot of thefts, and we talked previously about passwords.
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  Speaker 2: Something like twenty percent or twenty five percent of all
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  Speaker 2: bitcoins have been lost because the owners either misplaced the
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  Speaker 2: drive it was on or misplaced the password. That sort
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  Speaker 2: of security issue seems to have been taken care of
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  Speaker 2: as this has become financialized and you can buy coins
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  Speaker 2: in etf fashions. Tell us a little bit about custody
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  Speaker 2: and security of crypto assets.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean, it's worth noting those stories always sound
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  Speaker 1: so ridiculous. How could these crazy people lose their password?
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  Speaker 1: It's now worth a billion dollars, But remember at the
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  Speaker 1: time it wasn't worth a billion dollars. It was worth
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  Speaker 1: a few bucks. Right, somebody bought two pizzas for eighty
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  Speaker 1: thousand bitcoin. That's now worth a billion dollars. I sure
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  Speaker 1: hope they were good, but you know, you have to
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  Speaker 1: think back to then when bitcoin was trading for a
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  Speaker 1: few cents. People weren't as careful as they would be today.
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  Speaker 1: But the technology has improved exponentially. Now the way most
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  Speaker 1: people custody their bitcoin, their ethereum, their other crypto assets
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  Speaker 1: is through regulated qualified custodians with insurance from leading insurance
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  Speaker 1: providers who have been doing it this for years and
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  Speaker 1: have hundreds or thousands of people who help manage that securely.
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  Speaker 1: And the track record for those qualified custodians is sterling.
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  Speaker 1: And so I think it's really improved sort of exponentially.
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  Speaker 2: And to give you a sense of how long that's
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  Speaker 2: been going on, in November twenty seventeen, there was literally
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  Speaker 2: an episode of The Big Bang Theory where they talked
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  Speaker 2: about mining coins and putting it on a drive that
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  Speaker 2: subsequently got lost and back then in twenty seventeen, it
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  Speaker 2: was you know, tens of thousands of dollars. Today it's
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  Speaker 2: it's a whole lot more than that. So I keep
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  Speaker 2: hearing from some skeptics who are saying this is a bubble.
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  Speaker 2: All these cryptocurrencies are just speculative excess. How do you
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  Speaker 2: respond to that.
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  Speaker 1: Well, you know, they may be right, of course, that's
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  Speaker 1: what makes a market. But many of the smartest investors
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  Speaker 1: in the world are allocating to bitcoin and crypto. Stand
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  Speaker 1: Dracamiller is allocating to crypto. You know, Abba Fidelity is
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  Speaker 1: allocating to crypto. Blackrock is building a huge business in this.
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  Speaker 1: Sixty percent of the world's largest hedge funds have a
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  Speaker 1: position in bitcoin. It may be that those people have
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  Speaker 1: a right point of view as well. When I look
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  Speaker 1: at crypto today, it looks to me like a technology
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  Speaker 1: that is just crossing the chasm from early adopters to
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  Speaker 1: mainstream and to gain that sort of mainstream attention. But
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  Speaker 1: long term, it's not at a mature state.
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  Speaker 2: Right.
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  Speaker 1: Bitcoin is not standing shoulder to shoulder with gold Ethereum
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  Speaker 1: is not standing shoulder to shoulder with Amazon cloud services.
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  Speaker 1: We think of them at a discounted level until they're
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  Speaker 1: standing shoulder to shoulder. I don't think we've reached maturity
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  Speaker 1: or bubble level. You know it is, and I think
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  Speaker 1: we have. I think we're getting there, but I don't
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  Speaker 1: think we're there yet.
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  Speaker 2: So let me ask you a two sided question and
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  Speaker 2: you can ask them answer them both. What are the
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  Speaker 2: skeptics not understand about crypto? Generally? What do you think
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  Speaker 2: the advocates either get wrong or overemphasize one of.
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  Speaker 1: The skeptics not understand is a really great question. I
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  Speaker 1: think many of them are anchored on the first time
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  Speaker 1: they heard about bitcoin, And something that crypto needs to
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  Speaker 1: admit is the first time many people heard about bitcoin
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  Speaker 1: or crypto was in a negative light. Maybe it was FTX,
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  Speaker 1: maybe it was the collapse of mount Gox in twenty fourteen,
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  Speaker 1: maybe it was Silk Road and illicit use. And the
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  Speaker 1: problem is, from a psychological anchoring perspective, they have such
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  Speaker 1: a negative first take on bitcoin they're not able to
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  Speaker 1: evaluate it properly. They still consider things like what about
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  Speaker 1: the illicit use of bitcoin? Well, the Department of Justice
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  Speaker 1: has come out and said that bitcoin's illicit use is
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  Speaker 1: so small and it's not worth monitoring, it's much lower
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  Speaker 1: than it is for cash. So I think many of
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  Speaker 1: the skeptics don't evaluate where the data is today because
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  Speaker 1: they're taking a twenty twenty two or twenty eighteen or
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  Speaker 1: twenty fourteen view of bitcoin and crypto.
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  Speaker 2: I mean, we've seen some pretty extreme forecasts on prices
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  Speaker 2: that you know, kind of raise red flags. When people
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  Speaker 2: are talking about, you know, a million or five million
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  Speaker 2: as a bitcoin target, it seems like they're trolling us
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  Speaker 2: a bit.
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  Speaker 1: It does seem like they're trolling us a bit. I
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  Speaker 1: think they underestimate the efficiency of markets and the ability
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  Speaker 1: of markets to accurately value what an asset is. Just
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  Speaker 1: because bitcoin has gone up in the past and crypto
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  Speaker 1: has gone up in the past, does not guarantee that
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  Speaker 1: it will go up in the future. And there are
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  Speaker 1: significant foreseeable and unforeseeable risks in the future that we
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  Speaker 1: should think about, their regulatory risks, their technology risks, their
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  Speaker 1: adoption risks, And I think there's probably just too much
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  Speaker 1: sort of assumption that there is a manifest destiny of
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  Speaker 1: bitcoin going to a million. There is no such guarantee
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  Speaker 1: in the market. There's always risk.
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  Speaker 2: Well, well, the trend is your friend, that's the old
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  Speaker 2: trading desk statement. So that leads to a really interesting question.
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  Speaker 2: Are these coins an investment or are they a speculation.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, they're absolutely an investment, and some of them have
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  Speaker 1: elements of speculation. Let me give you an example of bitcoin.
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  Speaker 1: I think when you're investing in bitcoin, Barry, you're making
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  Speaker 1: two bets. One you're making a speculative bet that bitcoin
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  Speaker 1: will stand shoulder to shoulder with gold as a store
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  Speaker 1: of value asset. Right now, it's about ten percent of gold.
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  Speaker 1: You're saying, I think it'll be twenty. It'll be thirty,
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  Speaker 1: it'll be forty, it'll be fifty, it'll be one hundred.
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  Speaker 1: The second bet you're making is that the US government
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  Speaker 1: has thirty six trillion dollars of debt and is printing
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  Speaker 1: another trillion every ninety days. The store of value market
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  Speaker 1: is going to become more valuable in the future, and
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  Speaker 1: bitcoin is a piece of To me, that's a fundamental bet,
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  Speaker 1: and the other one is a speculative bet about it maturing.
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  Speaker 1: The reason Bitcoin's performed so well over the last handful
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  Speaker 1: of years is both of those have come true. And
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  Speaker 1: if you have two bets that are both coming true,
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  Speaker 1: you know, it's not one plus one, it's two times
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  Speaker 1: two equals four. It's it's sort of an exponential bet.
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  Speaker 1: So there's elements of speculation, but there are elements of
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  Speaker 1: fundamental investing be hindh these crypto assets as well.
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  Speaker 2: So to wrap up, investors should pay attention to the
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  Speaker 2: various coins, in particular Bitcoin and ethereum as a new
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  Speaker 2: technology that is crossing the chasm from early adopter towards
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  Speaker 2: mainstream investing. It doesn't mean that you outsize your position.
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  Speaker 2: It doesn't mean that you oversize holding bitcoin. Think about
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  Speaker 2: this as a new technology that is starting to be
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  Speaker 2: adopted more broadly in the world of both finance and
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  Speaker 2: technology and try and you know every beer commercial ends
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  Speaker 2: with drink responsibly, invest responsibly. If you want to take
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  Speaker 2: a few percentage of your portfolio and throw it into
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  Speaker 2: a BITCOINYTF, there's nothing terrible about that. You just don't
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  Speaker 2: want to go hog wild and get sucked into the
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  Speaker 2: bubble mentality. That's where people run into trouble. Thanks Matt,
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  Speaker 2: this has really been interesting. I'm Barry Ridolts. You've been
• 14:24
  Speaker 2: listening to Bloomberg's at the Money It
• 14:39
  Speaker 1: See