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Why is Football Brown? An In-Depth Exploration · Sports History Network

• 0:53
  Why
• 0:53
  is
• 0:53
  a
• 0:54
  football
• 0:54
  brown
• 0:54
  when
• 0:55
  a
• 0:55
  baseball
• 0:56
  and
• 0:56
  soccer
• 0:56
  balls
• 0:57
  are
• 0:57
  more
• 0:57
  of
• 0:57
  a
• 0:57
  white
• 0:57
  color
• 0:58
  and
• 0:58
  basketballs
• 0:59
  are
• 0:59
  orange?
• 1:00
  Why
• 1:00
  is
• 1:00
  our
• 1:01
  games
• 1:02
  sports
• 1:02
  ball
• 1:03
  a
• 1:03
  different
• 1:03
  color
• 1:04
  of
• 1:04
  brown?
• 1:04
  We're
• 1:05
  going
• 1:05
  to
• 1:05
  try
• 1:05
  to
• 1:05
  answer
• 1:05
  these
• 1:06
  questions
• 1:06
  and
• 1:06
  more
• 1:07
  as
• 1:07
  we
• 1:07
  go
• 1:07
  through
• 1:08
  the
• 1:08
  evolution
• 1:08
  of
• 1:08
  the
• 1:09
  football,
• 1:09
  the
• 1:10
  basic
• 1:10
  essential
• 1:11
  game
• 1:11
  piece
• 1:12
  itself
• 1:12
  that
• 1:13
  we
• 1:13
  love
• 1:13
  of
• 1:14
  our
• 1:14
  favorite
• 1:14
  sport.
• 1:14
  We're
• 1:15
  going
• 1:15
  to
• 1:15
  My
• 1:15
  name
• 1:15
  is
• 1:16
  Darren
• 1:16
  Hayes,
• 1:16
  everybody,
• 1:17
  and
• 1:17
  I
• 1:17
  am
• 1:17
  from
• 1:17
  pigskindispatch.com
• 1:19
  I've
• 1:19
  been
• 1:19
  doing
• 1:19
  football
• 1:19
  history
• 1:20
  for
• 1:21
  decades
• 1:21
  now,
• 1:22
  trying
• 1:22
  to
• 1:22
  bring
• 1:22
  you
• 1:23
  the
• 1:23
  preservation
• 1:24
  of
• 1:24
  the
• 1:24
  game
• 1:25
  and
• 1:25
  help
• 1:25
  have
• 1:25
  a
• 1:26
  better
• 1:26
  understanding
• 1:26
  for
• 1:27
  the
• 1:27
  enjoyment
• 1:27
  of
• 1:28
  the
• 1:28
  casual
• 1:28
  fan
• 1:29
  and
• 1:29
  the
• 1:29
  historians
• 1:30
  to
• 1:30
  appreciate
• 1:31
  those
• 1:31
  who
• 1:32
  have
• 1:32
  come
• 1:32
  before
• 1:32
  us
• 1:33
  and
• 1:33
  the
• 1:33
  events,
• 1:33
  the
• 1:34
  people
• 1:34
  and
• 1:35
  the
• 1:35
  games
• 1:35
  and
• 1:35
  events
• 1:36
  that
• 1:37
  really
• 1:37
  make
• 1:37
  this
• 1:37
  game
• 1:37
  so
• 1:38
  special.
• 1:38
  And
• 1:38
  today,
• 1:39
  talking
• 1:39
  about
• 1:39
  this
• 1:40
  football
• 1:41
  itself
• 1:41
  is
• 1:42
  really
• 1:42
  quite
• 1:42
  interesting.
• 1:43
  Now,
• 1:43
  we've
• 1:43
  talked
• 1:44
  about
• 1:44
  this
• 1:44
  multiple
• 1:45
  times.
• 1:45
  We've
• 1:45
  had
• 1:45
  Timothy
• 1:45
  p.
• 1:46
  Brown@footballarchaeology.com
• 1:48
  Join
• 1:48
  us
• 1:48
  to
• 1:48
  talk
• 1:48
  about
• 1:48
  the
• 1:48
  ball.
• 1:49
  We've
• 1:49
  had
• 1:49
  other
• 1:49
  guests
• 1:49
  talking
• 1:50
  about
• 1:50
  the
• 1:50
  football,
• 1:51
  but
• 1:51
  we
• 1:52
  want
• 1:52
  to
• 1:52
  know
• 1:52
  in
• 1:52
  this
• 1:53
  case,
• 1:53
  why
• 1:53
  is
• 1:54
  it
• 1:54
  the
• 1:54
  difference
• 1:54
  in
• 1:55
  color
• 1:55
  from
• 1:55
  these
• 1:56
  other
• 1:56
  sports
• 1:56
  that
• 1:56
  are
• 1:57
  also
• 1:57
  made
• 1:57
  of
• 1:57
  traditional
• 1:58
  leather
• 1:59
  application,
• 2:00
  just
• 2:00
  like
• 2:00
  the
• 2:01
  football?
• 2:01
  Why
• 2:01
  is
• 2:01
  the
• 2:02
  football
• 2:02
  brown
• 2:02
  and
• 2:02
  these
• 2:03
  other
• 2:03
  ones
• 2:04
  different
• 2:04
  colors?
• 2:05
  So
• 2:06
  I
• 2:06
  guess,
• 2:06
  first
• 2:06
  of
• 2:07
  all,
• 2:07
  let's
• 2:07
  answer
• 2:08
  the
• 2:08
  question
• 2:09
  of
• 2:09
  why
• 2:10
  is
• 2:10
  a
• 2:10
  baseball
• 2:10
  white?
• 2:11
  Well,
• 2:11
  back
• 2:11
  in
• 2:12
  the
• 2:12
  19th
• 2:12
  century,
• 2:13
  baseballs,
• 2:14
  when
• 2:14
  they
• 2:14
  first
• 2:14
  came
• 2:15
  out,
• 2:15
  they
• 2:15
  were
• 2:15
  also
• 2:15
  brown
• 2:16
  because
• 2:17
  the
• 2:17
  brown
• 2:17
  leather
• 2:18
  that
• 2:18
  comes,
• 2:19
  you
• 2:19
  know,
• 2:19
  like
• 2:19
  you
• 2:20
  see
• 2:20
  on
• 2:20
  your
• 2:20
  leather
• 2:21
  shoes,
• 2:21
  it's
• 2:22
  naturally
• 2:22
  a
• 2:22
  brownish
• 2:23
  color
• 2:24
  when
• 2:24
  it's
• 2:24
  tanned
• 2:25
  properly.
• 2:26
  You
• 2:26
  know,
• 2:27
  the
• 2:27
  tanning
• 2:27
  processes
• 2:28
  are
• 2:28
  all
• 2:28
  different
• 2:28
  and
• 2:28
  they
• 2:29
  can
• 2:29
  change
• 2:29
  the
• 2:29
  colors
• 2:29
  of
• 2:30
  them,
• 2:30
  you
• 2:30
  know,
• 2:30
  at
• 2:31
  will.
• 2:31
  But
• 2:31
  that
• 2:31
  was
• 2:32
  sort
• 2:32
  of
• 2:32
  a
• 2:32
  traditional
• 2:33
  thing,
• 2:33
  was
• 2:33
  a
• 2:33
  brown
• 2:34
  leather
• 2:34
  thing.
• 2:35
  You
• 2:35
  think
• 2:35
  about
• 2:35
  saddles
• 2:36
  for
• 2:36
  cowboys,
• 2:37
  they're
• 2:37
  mostly
• 2:38
  brown.
• 2:38
  Or
• 2:38
  baseball
• 2:39
  mitts,
• 2:39
  in
• 2:39
  the
• 2:39
  old
• 2:40
  days,
• 2:40
  they
• 2:40
  were
• 2:41
  mostly
• 2:41
  brown.
• 2:41
  Those
• 2:42
  were
• 2:42
  just
• 2:42
  tanned
• 2:43
  leathers.
• 2:43
  You
• 2:43
  know,
• 2:43
  the
• 2:44
  leather
• 2:44
  jackets
• 2:44
  that
• 2:45
  your,
• 2:45
  your
• 2:45
  parents
• 2:46
  or
• 2:46
  your
• 2:46
  grandparents
• 2:47
  might
• 2:47
  have
• 2:47
  had,
• 2:47
  most
• 2:48
  of
• 2:48
  the
• 2:48
  time
• 2:48
  they
• 2:48
  were
• 2:48
  a
• 2:49
  leather,
• 2:49
  you
• 2:50
  know,
• 2:50
  a
• 2:50
  dark
• 2:50
  brown
• 2:51
  or
• 2:51
  a
• 2:51
  brown.
• 2:52
  But
• 2:52
  baseball,
• 2:54
  with
• 2:54
  that
• 2:54
  being
• 2:54
  brown,
• 2:55
  it
• 2:55
  was
• 2:55
  hard
• 2:55
  for
• 2:55
  the
• 2:56
  batters
• 2:56
  and
• 2:57
  the
• 2:57
  fielders
• 2:57
  to
• 2:58
  see
• 2:58
  the
• 2:58
  ball.
• 2:58
  You
• 2:58
  know,
• 2:58
  you
• 2:59
  have
• 2:59
  a
• 2:59
  small
• 2:59
  ball
• 2:59
  that's
• 3:00
  moving,
• 3:00
  you
• 3:00
  know,
• 3:00
  90
• 3:01
  to
• 3:01
  100
• 3:01
  miles
• 3:02
  an
• 3:02
  hour.
• 3:02
  You
• 3:03
  want
• 3:03
  to
• 3:03
  see
• 3:03
  where
• 3:03
  that
• 3:03
  sucker
• 3:04
  is.
• 3:04
  So
• 3:05
  the,
• 3:05
  our
• 3:05
  ancestors
• 3:06
  in
• 3:06
  sports
• 3:07
  were
• 3:07
  smart
• 3:08
  enough
• 3:08
  to
• 3:08
  know
• 3:08
  they
• 3:09
  had
• 3:09
  to
• 3:09
  change
• 3:09
  that
• 3:09
  color
• 3:10
  a
• 3:10
  little
• 3:10
  bit.
• 3:10
  And
• 3:11
  they
• 3:11
  were
• 3:11
  all
• 3:11
  day
• 3:11
  games
• 3:12
  back
• 3:12
  then
• 3:12
  in
• 3:12
  the
• 3:12
  19th
• 3:13
  century.
• 3:13
  So
• 3:13
  eventually
• 3:13
  they
• 3:14
  ended
• 3:14
  up
• 3:14
  making
• 3:14
  them
• 3:15
  white.
• 3:15
  Whether
• 3:16
  they
• 3:16
  bleached
• 3:17
  them
• 3:17
  or
• 3:17
  painted
• 3:18
  them
• 3:18
  or
• 3:18
  however
• 3:19
  the
• 3:19
  process
• 3:19
  was
• 3:20
  to
• 3:20
  make
• 3:20
  that
• 3:20
  white
• 3:20
  covering,
• 3:21
  we're
• 3:21
  not
• 3:21
  going
• 3:21
  to
• 3:21
  get
• 3:21
  into
• 3:22
  the
• 3:22
  history
• 3:22
  of
• 3:22
  the
• 3:22
  baseball
• 3:22
  here
• 3:23
  too
• 3:23
  much.
• 3:23
  But
• 3:24
  they
• 3:24
  made
• 3:24
  them
• 3:24
  white
• 3:25
  and
• 3:25
  they
• 3:25
  had
• 3:26
  white
• 3:26
  stitching.
• 3:26
  They
• 3:27
  played
• 3:27
  around
• 3:27
  with
• 3:27
  the
• 3:27
  different
• 3:27
  colors
• 3:28
  of
• 3:28
  stitching.
• 3:28
  And
• 3:29
  eventually,
• 3:29
  by
• 3:30
  the
• 3:30
  early
• 3:30
  20th
• 3:31
  century,
• 3:31
  I
• 3:31
  believe
• 3:31
  in
• 3:31
  the
• 3:31
  1930s,
• 3:33
  they
• 3:33
  ended
• 3:33
  up
• 3:33
  coming
• 3:33
  up
• 3:34
  and
• 3:34
  make
• 3:34
  it
• 3:34
  standard
• 3:35
  for
• 3:35
  there
• 3:35
  to
• 3:35
  be
• 3:35
  red
• 3:36
  stitching
• 3:36
  on
• 3:37
  a
• 3:37
  white
• 3:37
  leather
• 3:38
  ball.
• 3:38
  That
• 3:39
  way
• 3:39
  that
• 3:39
  you
• 3:40
  can
• 3:40
  see
• 3:40
  the
• 3:40
  strings,
• 3:40
  see
• 3:41
  which
• 3:41
  way
• 3:41
  that
• 3:41
  ball
• 3:42
  was
• 3:42
  turning.
• 3:42
  When
• 3:42
  you're
• 3:42
  a
• 3:42
  batter,
• 3:43
  see
• 3:43
  if
• 3:43
  what
• 3:44
  spins
• 3:44
  on
• 3:44
  it.
• 3:44
  Is
• 3:44
  it
• 3:45
  a
• 3:45
  curveball,
• 3:45
  Is
• 3:45
  it
• 3:45
  a
• 3:45
  fastball?
• 3:46
  If
• 3:46
  you
• 3:47
  can
• 3:47
  see
• 3:47
  it
• 3:47
  that
• 3:47
  fast
• 3:47
  when
• 3:47
  it's
• 3:48
  come
• 3:48
  something
• 3:48
  projectiles
• 3:49
  coming
• 3:49
  at
• 3:49
  you
• 3:50
  nearly
• 3:50
  100
• 3:51
  miles
• 3:51
  an
• 3:51
  hour.
• 3:51
  I
• 3:52
  don't
• 3:52
  know
• 3:52
  that
• 3:52
  I
• 3:52
  can.
• 3:52
  But
• 3:53
  there
• 3:53
  probably
• 3:53
  is
• 3:53
  some
• 3:54
  talented
• 3:54
  batters
• 3:55
  out
• 3:55
  there
• 3:55
  that
• 3:55
  can.
• 3:55
  And
• 3:55
  obviously
• 3:56
  there
• 3:56
  are,
• 3:56
  because
• 3:56
  there
• 3:56
  are
• 3:56
  some
• 3:57
  good
• 3:57
  hitters
• 3:57
  out
• 3:57
  there.
• 3:58
  But
• 3:58
  that's
• 3:58
  how
• 3:58
  that
• 3:59
  baseball
• 3:59
  became
• 3:59
  white,
• 4:00
  for
• 4:00
  the
• 4:00
  visibility
• 4:01
  of
• 4:01
  it
• 4:01
  for
• 4:02
  its
• 4:02
  players.
• 4:04
  Night
• 4:04
  games
• 4:05
  started
• 4:05
  to
• 4:05
  come
• 4:05
  in
• 4:06
  and
• 4:07
  it
• 4:07
  brought
• 4:07
  a
• 4:07
  whole
• 4:08
  different,
• 4:08
  you
• 4:09
  know,
• 4:09
  feature
• 4:09
  to
• 4:09
  it,
• 4:10
  including
• 4:10
  the
• 4:11
  practices
• 4:11
  in
• 4:11
  the
• 4:12
  late
• 4:12
  afternoons
• 4:13
  when
• 4:13
  they
• 4:13
  were
• 4:13
  playing
• 4:13
  under
• 4:13
  the
• 4:14
  lights.
• 4:14
  And
• 4:14
  Timothy
• 4:15
  Brown
• 4:15
  was
• 4:15
  on
• 4:16
  a
• 4:16
  previous
• 4:16
  episode
• 4:17
  and
• 4:17
  he
• 4:17
  has
• 4:17
  this
• 4:18
  to
• 4:18
  say
• 4:18
  about
• 4:18
  it.
• 4:19
  By
• 4:19
  1903,
• 4:20
  Amos
• 4:20
  Lonzo
• 4:21
  Stag
• 4:21
  was
• 4:21
  painting
• 4:22
  the
• 4:22
  ball
• 4:23
  white
• 4:23
  when
• 4:24
  they
• 4:24
  were
• 4:24
  using
• 4:25
  it
• 4:25
  at
• 4:25
  night.
• 4:26
  So,
• 4:27
  you
• 4:27
  know,
• 4:28
  Chicago's
• 4:28
  a
• 4:28
  pretty
• 4:29
  tough
• 4:29
  school.
• 4:30
  Guys
• 4:30
  were
• 4:30
  in
• 4:30
  class
• 4:30
  till
• 4:31
  late,
• 4:31
  and
• 4:31
  so
• 4:32
  he
• 4:32
  had
• 4:32
  that
• 4:33
  practice
• 4:33
  late.
• 4:33
  So
• 4:33
  he
• 4:34
  installed
• 4:34
  lights
• 4:35
  fairly
• 4:35
  early
• 4:35
  on
• 4:36
  and
• 4:36
  used
• 4:37
  a
• 4:37
  white
• 4:37
  football
• 4:38
  for
• 4:39
  practice.
• 4:41
  And
• 4:41
  then,
• 4:41
  you
• 4:41
  know,
• 4:42
  typically
• 4:42
  when
• 4:43
  people
• 4:43
  were
• 4:43
  played
• 4:44
  early
• 4:44
  night
• 4:44
  games,
• 4:44
  they.
• 4:45
  They
• 4:46
  used
• 4:46
  either
• 4:46
  a
• 4:46
  white
• 4:47
  or
• 4:47
  a
• 4:47
  yellow
• 4:48
  painted
• 4:49
  ball.
• 4:50
  And
• 4:50
  that
• 4:51
  was
• 4:51
  kind
• 4:51
  of
• 4:51
  the
• 4:51
  case
• 4:51
  until
• 4:52
  the
• 4:52
  1930s
• 4:53
  and
• 4:53
  the
• 4:53
  30s
• 4:54
  when
• 4:54
  striping
• 4:55
  first
• 4:56
  came
• 4:56
  to
• 4:56
  be,
• 4:56
  at
• 4:57
  least
• 4:57
  as
• 4:57
  far
• 4:57
  as
• 4:57
  I
• 4:57
  can,
• 4:58
  you
• 4:58
  know,
• 4:58
  I've
• 4:58
  been
• 4:58
  able
• 4:59
  to
• 4:59
  determine.
• 5:01
  And
• 5:02
  the.
• 5:03
  Actually,
• 5:03
  the
• 5:03
  first
• 5:03
  game
• 5:04
  that
• 5:04
  I
• 5:04
  know
• 5:04
  was
• 5:05
  striped
• 5:05
  was
• 5:06
  a
• 5:07
  1936
• 5:08
  BYU
• 5:09
  and
• 5:10
  then
• 5:10
  what's
• 5:10
  now
• 5:10
  Northern
• 5:11
  Colorado.
• 5:12
  And.
• 5:12
  But
• 5:12
  that
• 5:12
  wasn't
• 5:13
  because
• 5:13
  of
• 5:13
  night
• 5:13
  game.
• 5:13
  It
• 5:14
  was
• 5:14
  because
• 5:16
  they
• 5:16
  were
• 5:17
  kind
• 5:17
  of
• 5:18
  arguing
• 5:18
  over
• 5:18
  whether
• 5:19
  they
• 5:19
  should
• 5:20
  use
• 5:20
  a
• 5:20
  white
• 5:20
  ball
• 5:21
  when
• 5:21
  one
• 5:21
  of
• 5:21
  the
• 5:21
  team,
• 5:22
  when
• 5:22
  BYU
• 5:22
  is
• 5:22
  going
• 5:23
  to
• 5:23
  wear
• 5:23
  white
• 5:23
  jerseys
• 5:24
  and
• 5:24
  Northern
• 5:24
  Colorado
• 5:25
  was
• 5:25
  going
• 5:25
  to
• 5:25
  wear
• 5:26
  brown
• 5:26
  pants.
• 5:26
  So
• 5:26
  they
• 5:26
  didn't
• 5:27
  want
• 5:27
  to
• 5:27
  wear.
• 5:27
  Use
• 5:27
  a
• 5:27
  brown
• 5:28
  ball.
• 5:28
  So
• 5:28
  they
• 5:29
  agreed
• 5:29
  on
• 5:29
  a
• 5:29
  brown
• 5:29
  ball
• 5:30
  with
• 5:30
  white
• 5:30
  stripes.
• 5:32
  And
• 5:32
  because
• 5:32
  otherwise,
• 5:33
  you
• 5:33
  know,
• 5:33
  they
• 5:33
  were
• 5:33
  concerned
• 5:34
  about
• 5:34
  hidden
• 5:34
  ball
• 5:34
  tricks
• 5:35
  and
• 5:35
  those
• 5:35
  kinds
• 5:35
  of
• 5:35
  things.
• 5:36
  Right.
• 5:37
  Something
• 5:37
  we
• 5:37
  just
• 5:37
  don't,
• 5:38
  you
• 5:38
  know,
• 5:38
  don't
• 5:38
  really
• 5:38
  think
• 5:39
  about
• 5:39
  anymore.
• 5:39
  Yeah,
• 5:40
  some.
• 5:40
  Some
• 5:40
  interesting
• 5:41
  stiff
• 5:41
  stuff
• 5:42
  and
• 5:42
  some
• 5:42
  great
• 5:42
  points
• 5:43
  by
• 5:43
  Tim
• 5:44
  on
• 5:44
  that
• 5:44
  back
• 5:45
  on
• 5:45
  that
• 5:45
  episode
• 5:45
  back
• 5:46
  in
• 5:46
  2022
• 5:47
  when
• 5:47
  he
• 5:47
  was
• 5:47
  talking
• 5:47
  about
• 5:47
  the
• 5:48
  football.
• 5:48
  Tim
• 5:48
  has
• 5:48
  a
• 5:48
  great
• 5:49
  book
• 5:49
  by
• 5:50
  the
• 5:50
  way
• 5:50
  on
• 5:50
  the
• 5:51
  history
• 5:51
  of
• 5:51
  the
• 5:51
  football
• 5:52
  as
• 5:52
  well
• 5:52
  as
• 5:53
  other
• 5:53
  books.
• 5:53
  But
• 5:53
  his
• 5:54
  history
• 5:54
  of
• 5:54
  the
• 5:54
  football
• 5:54
  book
• 5:55
  we
• 5:55
  have,
• 5:55
  when
• 5:55
  down
• 5:56
  in
• 5:56
  the
• 5:56
  show
• 5:56
  notes
• 5:57
  you
• 5:57
  have
• 5:57
  a
• 5:57
  link
• 5:58
  directly
• 5:58
  to
• 5:59
  that
• 5:59
  with
• 5:59
  our
• 6:00
  Amazon
• 6:00
  Associates
• 6:01
  account.
• 6:01
  So,
• 6:02
  you
• 6:02
  know,
• 6:02
  Tim
• 6:02
  makes
• 6:03
  a,
• 6:03
  gets
• 6:03
  a
• 6:03
  good
• 6:04
  sale
• 6:04
  on
• 6:04
  the
• 6:04
  book.
• 6:04
  It
• 6:05
  helps
• 6:05
  pigs
• 6:05
  can
• 6:05
  dispatch
• 6:06
  out
• 6:06
  a
• 6:06
  little
• 6:06
  bit
• 6:06
  and
• 6:06
  we
• 6:06
  appreciate
• 6:07
  your
• 6:07
  patronage
• 6:08
  and
• 6:08
  so
• 6:09
  does
• 6:09
  Tim.
• 6:09
  But
• 6:09
  check
• 6:10
  that
• 6:10
  book
• 6:10
  out
• 6:10
  on
• 6:10
  the
• 6:10
  football
• 6:11
  history.
• 6:11
  It's
• 6:11
  a
• 6:11
  really
• 6:12
  great
• 6:12
  book.
• 6:13
  And
• 6:13
  you
• 6:13
  know,
• 6:13
  so
• 6:13
  we
• 6:14
  started
• 6:14
  getting
• 6:14
  into
• 6:15
  the
• 6:15
  night
• 6:15
  games
• 6:16
  right
• 6:16
  about
• 6:17
  the
• 6:17
  time
• 6:17
  of,
• 6:18
  you
• 6:18
  know,
• 6:19
  when
• 6:19
  all
• 6:20
  this
• 6:20
  was
• 6:20
  going
• 6:20
  on.
• 6:21
  These
• 6:21
  different
• 6:21
  colors
• 6:22
  of
• 6:22
  ball
• 6:23
  and
• 6:23
  you
• 6:23
  know,
• 6:24
  as,
• 6:24
  you
• 6:24
  know,
• 6:24
  as
• 6:24
  far
• 6:25
  as
• 6:25
  the
• 6:25
  white
• 6:26
  ball
• 6:26
  and
• 6:26
  the
• 6:26
  yellow
• 6:27
  ball,
• 6:27
  it
• 6:28
  sort
• 6:28
  of
• 6:28
  takes
• 6:28
  me
• 6:28
  back
• 6:28
  and
• 6:29
  reminds
• 6:29
  me
• 6:29
  of,
• 6:30
  you
• 6:30
  know,
• 6:30
  my
• 6:30
  high
• 6:31
  school
• 6:31
  science
• 6:31
  teacher.
• 6:32
  You
• 6:32
  know,
• 6:32
  think
• 6:33
  about
• 6:33
  it,
• 6:33
  a
• 6:33
  classroom
• 6:34
  full
• 6:34
  of
• 6:34
  high
• 6:34
  school
• 6:35
  students,
• 6:36
  you
• 6:36
  know,
• 6:36
  you're
• 6:37
  already
• 6:37
  a
• 6:37
  little
• 6:37
  bit
• 6:38
  giddy
• 6:38
  and
• 6:38
  thinking
• 6:39
  everything's
• 6:39
  funny,
• 6:40
  especially
• 6:41
  certain
• 6:41
  words.
• 6:42
  And
• 6:42
  he
• 6:43
  was
• 6:43
  teaching
• 6:43
  us
• 6:43
  about
• 6:43
  the
• 6:43
  solar
• 6:44
  system
• 6:45
  and
• 6:45
  you
• 6:46
  know,
• 6:46
  called
• 6:46
  out
• 6:46
  the
• 6:46
  word,
• 6:47
  you
• 6:47
  know,
• 6:48
  the
• 6:48
  planet
• 6:48
  Uranus.
• 6:49
  Well,
• 6:49
  of
• 6:49
  course
• 6:49
  that
• 6:50
  brought
• 6:50
  laughter
• 6:50
  and
• 6:51
  everything
• 6:51
  else,
• 6:52
  you
• 6:52
  know,
• 6:52
  the
• 6:52
  young,
• 6:53
  young
• 6:53
  people
• 6:53
  do
• 6:54
  and
• 6:54
  laugh
• 6:54
  at
• 6:54
  and
• 6:55
  still
• 6:56
  do
• 6:56
  to
• 6:56
  this
• 6:56
  day,
• 6:56
  I'm
• 6:57
  sure.
• 6:57
  So
• 6:58
  he
• 6:58
  decided
• 6:58
  to
• 6:58
  correct
• 6:59
  it
• 6:59
  and
• 6:59
  say,
• 6:59
  no,
• 7:00
  we're
• 7:00
  not
• 7:00
  going
• 7:00
  to
• 7:00
  call
• 7:00
  it
• 7:01
  that
• 7:01
  anymore.
• 7:02
  We're
• 7:02
  not
• 7:02
  going
• 7:02
  to
• 7:02
  call
• 7:02
  it
• 7:02
  Uranus.
• 7:03
  We're
• 7:03
  going
• 7:03
  to
• 7:04
  call
• 7:04
  it
• 7:04
  Uranus.
• 7:05
  And
• 7:05
  I'm
• 7:06
  not
• 7:06
  sure,
• 7:06
  so
• 7:06
  sure
• 7:06
  that
• 7:07
  that
• 7:07
  helped
• 7:07
  matters
• 7:08
  anyway
• 7:08
  because
• 7:08
  that
• 7:09
  was
• 7:09
  kind
• 7:09
  of
• 7:09
  a
• 7:09
  funny
• 7:10
  word
• 7:10
  to
• 7:10
  say
• 7:10
  it
• 7:11
  too.
• 7:11
  Maybe
• 7:12
  you
• 7:12
  should
• 7:12
  just
• 7:12
  told
• 7:12
  us
• 7:12
  to
• 7:13
  call
• 7:13
  it
• 7:13
  Charlie
• 7:13
  or
• 7:14
  something
• 7:14
  like
• 7:14
  that.
• 7:14
  Who
• 7:14
  knows.
• 7:15
  But.
• 7:16
  And
• 7:16
  anyway,
• 7:16
  that's
• 7:17
  sort
• 7:17
  of
• 7:17
  the
• 7:17
  way
• 7:17
  the
• 7:17
  football
• 7:17
  is.
• 7:18
  When
• 7:18
  you
• 7:18
  have
• 7:18
  a
• 7:18
  yellow
• 7:19
  and
• 7:19
  a
• 7:19
  white
• 7:20
  football
• 7:20
  or
• 7:20
  discolored
• 7:21
  football
• 7:21
  and
• 7:22
  you
• 7:22
  know,
• 7:22
  you
• 7:22
  have
• 7:23
  some
• 7:23
  of
• 7:23
  the
• 7:23
  leagues
• 7:23
  that
• 7:24
  have
• 7:24
  come
• 7:24
  up
• 7:24
  over
• 7:24
  the
• 7:24
  years
• 7:24
  have
• 7:25
  had
• 7:25
  some
• 7:25
  different
• 7:25
  colored
• 7:26
  panel
• 7:26
  balls.
• 7:27
  It's
• 7:27
  not
• 7:27
  the
• 7:28
  same.
• 7:28
  We
• 7:28
  are
• 7:29
  traditional
• 7:29
  game.
• 7:30
  We
• 7:30
  are
• 7:31
  football.
• 7:31
  We
• 7:32
  love
• 7:32
  the
• 7:32
  brown
• 7:32
  football.
• 7:33
  Different
• 7:34
  tints
• 7:34
  of
• 7:34
  brown
• 7:35
  and
• 7:35
  tan
• 7:35
  and
• 7:36
  orangish
• 7:36
  colors.
• 7:37
  But
• 7:37
  basically
• 7:38
  we
• 7:38
  love
• 7:38
  that
• 7:39
  football
• 7:39
  color
• 7:40
  and
• 7:40
  that's
• 7:41
  all
• 7:41
  part
• 7:41
  of
• 7:41
  it.
• 7:42
  So
• 7:42
  the
• 7:42
  football
• 7:42
  shape,
• 7:43
  you
• 7:43
  know,
• 7:43
  as
• 7:43
  Tim
• 7:44
  has
• 7:44
  told
• 7:44
  us
• 7:44
  multiple
• 7:45
  times,
• 7:45
  you
• 7:45
  know,
• 7:46
  it
• 7:46
  came
• 7:46
  from
• 7:46
  a
• 7:46
  rugby
• 7:47
  football
• 7:47
  that
• 7:48
  came
• 7:48
  from
• 7:48
  Europe
• 7:48
  in
• 7:49
  the
• 7:49
  19th
• 7:49
  century.
• 7:50
  That
• 7:50
  ball
• 7:50
  they
• 7:51
  were
• 7:51
  playing
• 7:52
  way
• 7:52
  back
• 7:52
  in
• 7:52
  1869
• 7:53
  in
• 7:53
  a
• 7:54
  game
• 7:54
  they
• 7:54
  called
• 7:54
  football.
• 7:55
  The
• 7:55
  first
• 7:56
  football
• 7:56
  game,
• 7:56
  which
• 7:57
  basically
• 7:57
  is
• 7:57
  the
• 7:58
  first
• 7:58
  American
• 7:58
  intercollegiate
• 7:59
  sport
• 8:00
  game,
• 8:00
  it
• 8:00
  was
• 8:00
  more
• 8:01
  of
• 8:01
  a
• 8:01
  game
• 8:01
  of
• 8:01
  soccer
• 8:01
  between
• 8:02
  Princeton
• 8:02
  Rutgers
• 8:03
  In
• 8:03
  1869,
• 8:04
  25
• 8:06
  people
• 8:06
  to
• 8:06
  a
• 8:06
  side.
• 8:07
  And
• 8:07
  the
• 8:07
  ball
• 8:08
  there
• 8:09
  was
• 8:09
  that
• 8:09
  ball
• 8:09
  where
• 8:09
  it's
• 8:10
  a
• 8:10
  pig's
• 8:10
  bladder
• 8:12
  covered
• 8:12
  in
• 8:12
  a
• 8:12
  calf
• 8:13
  skin,
• 8:13
  you
• 8:14
  know,
• 8:14
  and
• 8:14
  Imagine,
• 8:15
  you
• 8:15
  know,
• 8:15
  you
• 8:15
  can't
• 8:16
  get
• 8:16
  that
• 8:16
  to
• 8:16
  be
• 8:17
  round.
• 8:17
  You
• 8:17
  can't
• 8:17
  get
• 8:18
  it
• 8:18
  to
• 8:18
  be
• 8:18
  perfectly
• 8:19
  oval.
• 8:19
  It's
• 8:19
  going
• 8:19
  to
• 8:19
  be
• 8:20
  something
• 8:21
  in
• 8:21
  between.
• 8:22
  And
• 8:22
  that's
• 8:23
  basically
• 8:23
  what
• 8:23
  you
• 8:24
  had.
• 8:24
  So
• 8:24
  every
• 8:24
  game
• 8:24
  was
• 8:24
  a
• 8:25
  little
• 8:25
  bit
• 8:25
  different.
• 8:25
  The
• 8:25
  ball
• 8:26
  deflated
• 8:26
  all
• 8:26
  the
• 8:27
  time.
• 8:27
  You
• 8:27
  had
• 8:27
  to
• 8:28
  unlace
• 8:28
  it,
• 8:29
  you
• 8:29
  know,
• 8:29
  pull
• 8:30
  out
• 8:30
  the
• 8:30
  end
• 8:30
  of
• 8:30
  the
• 8:30
  pig's
• 8:31
  bladder
• 8:31
  you
• 8:31
  could
• 8:31
  blow
• 8:31
  into.
• 8:32
  Some
• 8:32
  brave
• 8:32
  soul
• 8:33
  would
• 8:33
  have
• 8:33
  to,
• 8:33
  you
• 8:33
  know,
• 8:34
  put
• 8:35
  their
• 8:35
  lips
• 8:35
  on
• 8:35
  that
• 8:35
  rotten
• 8:36
  piece
• 8:36
  of
• 8:37
  flesh
• 8:37
  and
• 8:38
  blow
• 8:38
  it
• 8:38
  back
• 8:38
  up,
• 8:39
  tie
• 8:39
  it
• 8:39
  up,
• 8:39
  put
• 8:40
  it
• 8:40
  all
• 8:40
  back
• 8:40
  together.
• 8:41
  You
• 8:41
  know,
• 8:41
  probably
• 8:42
  the
• 8:42
  ball's
• 8:42
  deflated
• 8:43
  by
• 8:43
  the
• 8:43
  time
• 8:43
  you
• 8:43
  get
• 8:43
  to
• 8:43
  that
• 8:43
  point.
• 8:44
  But
• 8:44
  that's
• 8:44
  the
• 8:44
  way
• 8:44
  the
• 8:44
  ball
• 8:45
  was
• 8:45
  until
• 8:46
  the
• 8:46
  evolution
• 8:47
  of
• 8:48
  science
• 8:48
  and
• 8:48
  technology
• 8:49
  to
• 8:49
  galvanize
• 8:50
  rubber,
• 8:50
  that
• 8:51
  you
• 8:51
  can
• 8:51
  make
• 8:51
  a
• 8:52
  rubber
• 8:52
  core,
• 8:53
  a
• 8:53
  bladder,
• 8:53
  rubber
• 8:54
  bladder
• 8:54
  that
• 8:54
  could
• 8:54
  fill
• 8:54
  up
• 8:55
  with
• 8:55
  air,
• 8:55
  but
• 8:55
  you
• 8:55
  still
• 8:56
  had
• 8:56
  to
• 8:56
  blow
• 8:56
  that
• 8:56
  up
• 8:56
  by
• 8:57
  mouth,
• 8:57
  as
• 8:57
  Tim
• 8:57
  has
• 8:57
  told
• 8:58
  us
• 8:58
  multiple
• 8:58
  times,
• 8:58
  and
• 8:59
  tie
• 8:59
  that
• 8:59
  up
• 8:59
  and
• 8:59
  then
• 9:00
  lace
• 9:00
  it
• 9:00
  all
• 9:00
  back
• 9:01
  up
• 9:01
  in
• 9:01
  the
• 9:01
  ball.
• 9:02
  You
• 9:02
  know,
• 9:02
  we
• 9:02
  have
• 9:03
  in
• 9:03
  our
• 9:03
  book
• 9:04
  that
• 9:04
  Jeffrey
• 9:05
  Payne
• 9:05
  and
• 9:05
  I
• 9:05
  wrote,
• 9:06
  you
• 9:06
  know,
• 9:06
  right
• 9:06
  here,
• 9:06
  marooned
• 9:07
  in
• 9:07
  the
• 9:07
  background,
• 9:07
  you
• 9:08
  see
• 9:08
  it
• 9:08
  and
• 9:08
  you
• 9:08
  see
• 9:08
  the
• 9:09
  1925
• 9:10
  Pottsville
• 9:10
  Maroons
• 9:11
  image
• 9:11
  that
• 9:12
  I
• 9:12
  was
• 9:12
  given
• 9:13
  by,
• 9:13
  by
• 9:13
  Timothy
• 9:14
  Brown,
• 9:14
  who
• 9:15
  helped
• 9:15
  us
• 9:15
  on
• 9:15
  that
• 9:15
  book.
• 9:17
  We
• 9:17
  have
• 9:17
  a
• 9:17
  scene
• 9:18
  in
• 9:18
  there
• 9:18
  with
• 9:18
  Joe
• 9:19
  Zacko,
• 9:19
  the
• 9:20
  longtime
• 9:21
  sports
• 9:22
  salesman,
• 9:23
  sporting
• 9:24
  goods
• 9:24
  salesman,
• 9:24
  who
• 9:25
  sold
• 9:25
  the
• 9:26
  uniforms
• 9:26
  and
• 9:27
  the
• 9:27
  balls
• 9:27
  and
• 9:27
  everything
• 9:27
  else,
• 9:28
  the
• 9:28
  equipment
• 9:29
  to
• 9:29
  the
• 9:29
  possible
• 9:29
  Maroons
• 9:30
  and
• 9:30
  other
• 9:30
  teams
• 9:30
  around
• 9:31
  eastern
• 9:31
  Pennsylvania.
• 9:32
  Well,
• 9:32
  he
• 9:33
  would
• 9:33
  assemble
• 9:34
  the
• 9:34
  game
• 9:34
  balls.
• 9:34
  They'd
• 9:35
  have
• 9:35
  a
• 9:35
  new
• 9:35
  ball
• 9:35
  for
• 9:35
  every
• 9:36
  game
• 9:36
  that,
• 9:36
  that
• 9:37
  the
• 9:37
  Maroons
• 9:37
  would
• 9:37
  play
• 9:38
  back
• 9:38
  in
• 9:38
  the
• 9:38
  1920s.
• 9:39
  And
• 9:40
  he
• 9:40
  would,
• 9:41
  you
• 9:41
  know,
• 9:41
  get
• 9:41
  it.
• 9:41
  It
• 9:42
  came
• 9:42
  disassembled.
• 9:43
  You
• 9:43
  got
• 9:43
  a
• 9:43
  rubber
• 9:43
  bladder,
• 9:44
  you
• 9:44
  got
• 9:44
  the
• 9:45
  case
• 9:45
  leather
• 9:46
  and
• 9:46
  you
• 9:46
  got
• 9:47
  the,
• 9:47
  the
• 9:47
  laces,
• 9:47
  and
• 9:48
  you
• 9:48
  had
• 9:48
  to
• 9:48
  sort
• 9:49
  of
• 9:49
  stuff
• 9:49
  them
• 9:49
  all
• 9:49
  together.
• 9:49
  And
• 9:50
  it
• 9:50
  was
• 9:50
  an
• 9:50
  art
• 9:50
  form
• 9:50
  to
• 9:51
  put
• 9:51
  it
• 9:51
  all
• 9:51
  together,
• 9:51
  lace
• 9:52
  it
• 9:52
  up,
• 9:52
  blow
• 9:53
  it
• 9:53
  up,
• 9:53
  inflate
• 9:54
  it
• 9:54
  to
• 9:55
  thing,
• 9:55
  take
• 9:55
  it
• 9:55
  to
• 9:55
  the
• 9:55
  game.
• 9:55
  And
• 9:56
  you
• 9:56
  play
• 9:56
  the
• 9:56
  football
• 9:56
  game
• 9:57
  with
• 9:57
  that.
• 9:58
  Well,
• 9:58
  that
• 9:58
  was
• 9:58
  the
• 9:58
  way
• 9:59
  it
• 9:59
  was
• 9:59
  for,
• 9:59
  for
• 9:59
  many,
• 10:00
  many
• 10:00
  years.
• 10:00
  It
• 10:00
  wasn't
• 10:00
  like
• 10:01
  buying
• 10:01
  them
• 10:01
  out
• 10:01
  of
• 10:01
  the
• 10:01
  case.
• 10:02
  You
• 10:02
  know,
• 10:02
  like
• 10:02
  we
• 10:03
  get
• 10:03
  today,
• 10:03
  you
• 10:04
  know,
• 10:04
  where
• 10:04
  you
• 10:04
  get
• 10:04
  this
• 10:04
  ball
• 10:05
  coming
• 10:05
  out,
• 10:06
  you
• 10:06
  know,
• 10:06
  looking
• 10:07
  fresh
• 10:07
  and
• 10:07
  almost
• 10:08
  ready
• 10:08
  to
• 10:08
  play.
• 10:08
  Maybe
• 10:09
  you
• 10:09
  got
• 10:09
  to
• 10:09
  pump
• 10:09
  it
• 10:09
  up
• 10:09
  a
• 10:09
  little
• 10:10
  bit,
• 10:10
  put
• 10:10
  a
• 10:10
  couple
• 10:11
  psi
• 10:11
  into
• 10:11
  it.
• 10:12
  But
• 10:12
  that's
• 10:12
  the
• 10:13
  way
• 10:13
  football's
• 10:13
  come
• 10:14
  now.
• 10:14
  We're
• 10:14
  spoiled.
• 10:15
  We.
• 10:15
  We
• 10:15
  have
• 10:15
  the
• 10:15
  modern
• 10:16
  world,
• 10:16
  everything's
• 10:16
  put
• 10:16
  together
• 10:17
  for
• 10:17
  us.
• 10:18
  But
• 10:18
  the,
• 10:19
  you
• 10:19
  know,
• 10:19
  the
• 10:19
  footballs
• 10:20
  back
• 10:20
  in
• 10:20
  the
• 10:21
  Even,
• 10:21
  you
• 10:21
  know,
• 10:21
  1905,
• 10:22
  they
• 10:23
  made
• 10:23
  some
• 10:23
  drop
• 10:23
  drastic
• 10:24
  changes
• 10:24
  when
• 10:25
  football
• 10:25
  rules
• 10:25
  were
• 10:25
  changing,
• 10:26
  where
• 10:27
  the
• 10:27
  introduction
• 10:28
  of
• 10:28
  the
• 10:28
  forward
• 10:29
  pass.
• 10:29
  You
• 10:29
  couldn't
• 10:29
  put
• 10:30
  your,
• 10:30
  your
• 10:30
  hands
• 10:31
  around
• 10:31
  too
• 10:31
  many
• 10:31
  people,
• 10:32
  couldn't
• 10:32
  get
• 10:32
  their
• 10:32
  hands
• 10:33
  on
• 10:33
  that
• 10:33
  giant
• 10:34
  watermelon
• 10:35
  shaped
• 10:35
  football
• 10:35
  that
• 10:36
  they
• 10:36
  had
• 10:36
  back
• 10:37
  in
• 10:37
  the
• 10:37
  early
• 10:37
  20th
• 10:38
  century,
• 10:39
  first
• 10:39
  few
• 10:39
  years.
• 10:40
  So
• 10:40
  they,
• 10:40
  they
• 10:40
  slimmed
• 10:41
  the
• 10:41
  ball
• 10:41
  down
• 10:41
  a
• 10:41
  little
• 10:41
  bit
• 10:42
  so
• 10:42
  somebody
• 10:42
  could
• 10:42
  get
• 10:42
  their
• 10:42
  fingers
• 10:43
  on
• 10:43
  it
• 10:43
  and
• 10:43
  start
• 10:44
  throwing
• 10:44
  some
• 10:45
  semblance
• 10:45
  of
• 10:45
  forward
• 10:46
  pass.
• 10:46
  You
• 10:46
  know,
• 10:46
  Tim's
• 10:47
  talked
• 10:47
  multiple
• 10:47
  times
• 10:48
  about
• 10:48
  how
• 10:49
  they
• 10:49
  were
• 10:49
  trying
• 10:49
  to
• 10:49
  figure
• 10:49
  out
• 10:50
  how
• 10:50
  to
• 10:50
  throw
• 10:50
  it,
• 10:50
  you
• 10:50
  know,
• 10:50
  grenade
• 10:51
  launching
• 10:52
  and
• 10:53
  underhanded
• 10:53
  and,
• 10:54
  you
• 10:54
  know,
• 10:55
  basket
• 10:55
  throws
• 10:56
  and
• 10:56
  everything
• 10:56
  like
• 10:56
  that.
• 10:57
  Eventually
• 10:57
  they
• 10:58
  got
• 10:58
  it
• 10:58
  down
• 10:58
  to
• 10:58
  the
• 10:59
  overhand
• 10:59
  overhead
• 11:01
  spiral
• 11:02
  and
• 11:02
  they
• 11:02
  slimmed
• 11:03
  the
• 11:03
  ball
• 11:03
  even
• 11:03
  more
• 11:04
  back
• 11:04
  in
• 11:04
  the
• 11:04
  1930s
• 11:05
  when
• 11:06
  the
• 11:06
  NFL
• 11:06
  was
• 11:06
  starting
• 11:06
  to
• 11:07
  get
• 11:07
  their
• 11:07
  own
• 11:07
  rule
• 11:07
  book
• 11:07
  and
• 11:08
  things
• 11:08
  like
• 11:08
  that.
• 11:09
  And
• 11:10
  you
• 11:10
  know,
• 11:10
  finally
• 11:11
  we
• 11:11
  got
• 11:11
  to
• 11:11
  the
• 11:11
  point
• 11:12
  where
• 11:12
  the
• 11:12
  ball
• 11:12
  was
• 11:13
  shaped
• 11:13
  and
• 11:13
  slimmed
• 11:14
  even
• 11:14
  more
• 11:14
  to
• 11:15
  increase
• 11:15
  the
• 11:16
  velocity
• 11:17
  that
• 11:17
  you
• 11:17
  could
• 11:17
  get
• 11:17
  in
• 11:17
  the
• 11:17
  accuracy
• 11:18
  of
• 11:18
  the
• 11:18
  passing
• 11:19
  game.
• 11:19
  And
• 11:19
  became
• 11:20
  the
• 11:20
  prolate
• 11:21
  spheroid
• 11:22
  standardization
• 11:22
  of
• 11:23
  the
• 11:23
  ball
• 11:23
  that
• 11:23
  we
• 11:24
  know
• 11:24
  so
• 11:24
  well.
• 11:25
  That's
• 11:25
  the
• 11:25
  technical
• 11:26
  term,
• 11:26
  that's
• 11:26
  what
• 11:26
  the
• 11:26
  scientists
• 11:27
  call
• 11:27
  it.
• 11:27
  You
• 11:27
  know,
• 11:28
  we
• 11:28
  call
• 11:28
  it,
• 11:28
  you
• 11:28
  know,
• 11:29
  the
• 11:29
  football
• 11:29
  shape
• 11:30
  and
• 11:31
  that's
• 11:31
  the
• 11:32
  way
• 11:32
  it
• 11:32
  goes
• 11:32
  there.
• 11:33
  But
• 11:34
  the,
• 11:34
  you
• 11:34
  know,
• 11:34
  the
• 11:34
  leather
• 11:35
  itself
• 11:36
  is
• 11:36
  interesting.
• 11:37
  And
• 11:37
  Tim
• 11:37
  had
• 11:38
  this
• 11:38
  story
• 11:38
  to
• 11:38
  tell
• 11:39
  us
• 11:39
  about,
• 11:39
  you
• 11:40
  know,
• 11:40
  a
• 11:40
  couple
• 11:41
  of
• 11:41
  brothers
• 11:42
  and
• 11:42
  how
• 11:43
  they
• 11:44
  made
• 11:44
  their
• 11:44
  leather
• 11:44
  footballs
• 11:45
  that
• 11:46
  see
• 11:46
  on
• 11:46
  the
• 11:46
  NFL
• 11:46
  and
• 11:47
  college
• 11:47
  football
• 11:47
  games
• 11:47
  today.
• 11:48
  Here's
• 11:48
  Tim
• 11:49
  back
• 11:50
  in
• 11:50
  like
• 11:50
  1892
• 11:52
  or
• 11:52
  so.
• 11:53
  A
• 11:54
  guy
• 11:54
  named
• 11:54
  Isidore
• 11:55
  Horween
• 11:57
  immigrated
• 11:57
  from
• 11:58
  what's
• 11:58
  now
• 11:58
  Ukraine
• 12:00
  and
• 12:00
  ends
• 12:00
  up
• 12:00
  in
• 12:01
  Chicago
• 12:01
  at
• 12:02
  the
• 12:02
  time
• 12:02
  of
• 12:02
  the
• 12:03
  1892
• 12:04
  World's
• 12:05
  Fair.
• 12:07
  And
• 12:08
  he
• 12:08
  had
• 12:08
  been
• 12:08
  a
• 12:09
  tanner
• 12:10
  in,
• 12:11
  back
• 12:11
  in
• 12:12
  the
• 12:12
  Ukraine,
• 12:13
  or
• 12:13
  Ukraine,
• 12:14
  I
• 12:14
  think
• 12:14
  it's
• 12:14
  not
• 12:15
  the.
• 12:15
  But
• 12:15
  anyways,
• 12:17
  he
• 12:17
  was
• 12:17
  a
• 12:17
  tanner
• 12:18
  and
• 12:18
  so
• 12:18
  he
• 12:18
  gets,
• 12:19
  you
• 12:19
  know,
• 12:19
  he
• 12:19
  gets
• 12:20
  involved
• 12:20
  in
• 12:20
  that
• 12:20
  business
• 12:21
  here
• 12:21
  in
• 12:21
  the
• 12:21
  states.
• 12:22
  And
• 12:23
  he
• 12:23
  ended
• 12:24
  up,
• 12:25
  after,
• 12:26
  you
• 12:26
  know,
• 12:26
  maybe
• 12:26
  five,
• 12:27
  six
• 12:27
  years,
• 12:28
  he
• 12:28
  ends
• 12:29
  up
• 12:29
  starting
• 12:29
  his
• 12:30
  own
• 12:30
  tannery.
• 12:31
  And
• 12:32
  I
• 12:32
  think
• 12:32
  pretty
• 12:33
  much
• 12:33
  immediately
• 12:34
  built
• 12:34
  a
• 12:34
  reputation
• 12:35
  for
• 12:35
  providing,
• 12:37
  you
• 12:37
  know,
• 12:37
  just
• 12:37
  high
• 12:37
  quality
• 12:38
  tanning
• 12:39
  goods,
• 12:39
  you
• 12:40
  know.
• 12:41
  And
• 12:41
  so,
• 12:41
  you
• 12:41
  know,
• 12:41
  it's
• 12:42
  kind
• 12:42
  of
• 12:43
  this
• 12:43
  guy
• 12:44
  shows
• 12:44
  up
• 12:44
  in
• 12:44
  Chicago
• 12:45
  and
• 12:45
  if
• 12:46
  you
• 12:46
  remember
• 12:46
  the
• 12:46
  jungle
• 12:47
  from
• 12:47
  your
• 12:47
  half,
• 12:48
  you
• 12:48
  know,
• 12:48
  high
• 12:48
  school
• 12:49
  reading,
• 12:50
  you
• 12:50
  know,
• 12:51
  Chicago
• 12:51
  had
• 12:51
  all
• 12:52
  these
• 12:52
  stockyards
• 12:53
  and
• 12:53
  so
• 12:53
  therefore
• 12:53
  they
• 12:53
  had
• 12:54
  a
• 12:54
  lot
• 12:54
  of
• 12:54
  leather
• 12:54
  processing,
• 12:55
  you
• 12:55
  know,
• 12:55
  with
• 12:55
  tanneries
• 12:56
  and
• 12:56
  whatnot.
• 12:57
  Isore
• 12:58
  ends
• 12:58
  up
• 12:58
  producing
• 12:59
  a
• 12:59
  successful
• 12:59
  business,
• 13:00
  right?
• 13:00
  He's
• 13:01
  running
• 13:01
  a
• 13:01
  really
• 13:02
  nice
• 13:02
  shop.
• 13:03
  He's
• 13:03
  able
• 13:03
  to
• 13:03
  send
• 13:03
  his
• 13:04
  sons
• 13:05
  to
• 13:06
  high
• 13:06
  quality
• 13:07
  school
• 13:07
  in
• 13:07
  the
• 13:08
  Chicago
• 13:08
  area.
• 13:09
  And
• 13:10
  then
• 13:11
  he
• 13:11
  may
• 13:11
  have
• 13:11
  had
• 13:12
  other
• 13:12
  family,
• 13:12
  you
• 13:12
  know,
• 13:13
  other
• 13:13
  children,
• 13:13
  but
• 13:14
  he
• 13:14
  had
• 13:14
  two
• 13:14
  sons,
• 13:15
  one
• 13:15
  Ralph
• 13:16
  and
• 13:16
  the
• 13:16
  other
• 13:16
  Arnold
• 13:18
  and
• 13:18
  they
• 13:18
  end
• 13:19
  up
• 13:19
  being,
• 13:19
  you
• 13:19
  know,
• 13:19
  really
• 13:20
  good
• 13:20
  athletes.
• 13:20
  They
• 13:20
  play
• 13:21
  high
• 13:21
  school
• 13:21
  football
• 13:21
  and
• 13:22
  then
• 13:22
  they
• 13:22
  end
• 13:22
  up
• 13:23
  both
• 13:23
  going
• 13:24
  to
• 13:24
  Harvard
• 13:25
  and
• 13:25
  playing
• 13:25
  football
• 13:25
  there.
• 13:26
  It's
• 13:26
  really
• 13:26
  a
• 13:27
  classic
• 13:27
  American
• 13:28
  story,
• 13:28
  you
• 13:28
  know.
• 13:28
  Right.
• 13:29
  I
• 13:29
  mean,
• 13:29
  it's
• 13:29
  just
• 13:29
  like,
• 13:30
  just
• 13:30
  great
• 13:30
  stuff.
• 13:32
  So,
• 13:32
  you
• 13:33
  know,
• 13:33
  this
• 13:33
  immigrant
• 13:33
  guy
• 13:34
  and
• 13:34
  his
• 13:34
  kids
• 13:34
  are
• 13:35
  playing
• 13:35
  at
• 13:36
  Harvard
• 13:36
  and
• 13:36
  they're
• 13:36
  team
• 13:37
  captains
• 13:37
  and
• 13:37
  all
• 13:38
  this
• 13:38
  kind
• 13:38
  of
• 13:38
  stuff.
• 13:38
  I
• 13:38
  mean,
• 13:39
  they're
• 13:39
  really,
• 13:40
  you
• 13:40
  know,
• 13:40
  excellent
• 13:40
  players.
• 13:41
  So
• 13:41
  then
• 13:41
  they
• 13:42
  finish
• 13:42
  their
• 13:42
  careers
• 13:43
  and
• 13:44
  they
• 13:44
  go
• 13:44
  back
• 13:44
  to
• 13:45
  Chicago
• 13:46
  and
• 13:46
  that's
• 13:46
  when
• 13:46
  the
• 13:46
  NFL
• 13:47
  is
• 13:47
  getting
• 13:47
  started.
• 13:48
  So
• 13:49
  they
• 13:49
  end
• 13:49
  up
• 13:49
  playing
• 13:50
  for
• 13:51
  the
• 13:51
  Chicago
• 13:51
  Cardinals.
• 13:52
  They
• 13:52
  play
• 13:52
  like
• 13:53
  two
• 13:53
  years
• 13:54
  for
• 13:54
  them
• 13:55
  and
• 13:55
  they
• 13:55
  apparently
• 13:56
  had
• 13:56
  to
• 13:56
  keep
• 13:58
  they're
• 13:58
  playing
• 13:58
  professional
• 13:59
  football
• 13:59
  hidden
• 14:00
  from
• 14:00
  their
• 14:00
  parents
• 14:01
  and,
• 14:01
  and
• 14:01
  especially
• 14:02
  their
• 14:02
  grandmother
• 14:02
  apparently.
• 14:03
  And
• 14:05
  just
• 14:05
  because
• 14:05
  that's
• 14:06
  not
• 14:06
  something
• 14:06
  that
• 14:07
  gentlemen
• 14:08
  did.
• 14:09
  And.
• 14:10
  But
• 14:10
  then
• 14:11
  Arnold
• 14:12
  ends
• 14:12
  up
• 14:12
  becoming
• 14:13
  the
• 14:14
  player
• 14:15
  coach
• 14:15
  for
• 14:15
  the
• 14:15
  Cardinals
• 14:16
  in
• 14:16
  like
• 14:16
  23.
• 14:18
  Then,
• 14:18
  you
• 14:18
  know,
• 14:18
  they
• 14:19
  couldn't
• 14:19
  play
• 14:19
  under
• 14:19
  the
• 14:19
  assumed
• 14:20
  names
• 14:20
  that
• 14:20
  they
• 14:20
  played
• 14:20
  under
• 14:21
  before.
• 14:21
  And
• 14:22
  Arnold,
• 14:23
  he
• 14:23
  went
• 14:23
  back
• 14:24
  to
• 14:24
  Harvard
• 14:24
  and
• 14:24
  was
• 14:25
  their
• 14:25
  head
• 14:25
  coach
• 14:25
  for
• 14:25
  five
• 14:26
  years.
• 14:27
  And
• 14:27
  then
• 14:28
  he
• 14:28
  returns
• 14:29
  to
• 14:29
  Chicago
• 14:29
  and
• 14:29
  basically
• 14:30
  got.
• 14:30
  Kind
• 14:31
  of
• 14:31
  took
• 14:31
  over
• 14:31
  the
• 14:31
  business
• 14:33
  and
• 14:34
  yeah,
• 14:34
  successful
• 14:35
  business.
• 14:35
  They're
• 14:36
  producing
• 14:37
  leather
• 14:37
  for
• 14:38
  some
• 14:38
  of
• 14:38
  the
• 14:38
  finest
• 14:39
  shoe
• 14:39
  manufacturers
• 14:40
  in
• 14:40
  the
• 14:40
  country.
• 14:41
  And
• 14:42
  that's
• 14:42
  still
• 14:42
  the
• 14:43
  case
• 14:43
  today.
• 14:44
  It's
• 14:44
  an
• 14:44
  active
• 14:45
  business.
• 14:46
  They
• 14:46
  produce
• 14:47
  the
• 14:47
  leather
• 14:47
  for
• 14:48
  Wilson
• 14:48
  in
• 14:48
  the
• 14:48
  NFL
• 14:49
  balls.
• 14:50
  They
• 14:50
  produce
• 14:50
  the
• 14:50
  leather
• 14:51
  for
• 14:51
  all
• 14:52
  the
• 14:52
  NBA
• 14:52
  balls.
• 14:53
  They
• 14:53
  produce
• 14:54
  a
• 14:54
  lot
• 14:55
  of
• 14:55
  the
• 14:55
  leather
• 14:55
  that's
• 14:55
  used
• 14:56
  in
• 14:56
  major
• 14:56
  league
• 14:58
  gloves
• 14:59
  and
• 14:59
  then,
• 14:59
  you
• 15:00
  know,
• 15:00
  Timberland
• 15:01
  and
• 15:02
  you
• 15:02
  know,
• 15:03
  I
• 15:03
  mean,
• 15:03
  there's
• 15:03
  all
• 15:03
  kinds
• 15:03
  of
• 15:04
  brands
• 15:04
  of,
• 15:05
  you
• 15:05
  know,
• 15:06
  foreign
• 15:06
  and,
• 15:06
  you
• 15:07
  know,
• 15:07
  really
• 15:08
  fine
• 15:08
  shoes
• 15:09
  that
• 15:09
  use
• 15:10
  Horween
• 15:11
  leather.
• 15:12
  So
• 15:12
  anyways,
• 15:13
  part
• 15:14
  way
• 15:14
  through,
• 15:15
  I
• 15:15
  think
• 15:15
  it
• 15:15
  was
• 15:15
  in
• 15:15
  the
• 15:17
  early.
• 15:18
  So
• 15:19
  they
• 15:19
  had
• 15:19
  a
• 15:19
  bunch
• 15:19
  of
• 15:20
  leather
• 15:21
  contracts,
• 15:21
  you
• 15:22
  know,
• 15:22
  to
• 15:22
  provide
• 15:22
  leather
• 15:22
  to
• 15:23
  all
• 15:23
  kinds
• 15:23
  of
• 15:23
  different,
• 15:23
  you
• 15:24
  know,
• 15:24
  sporting
• 15:24
  goods
• 15:24
  manufacturers.
• 15:26
  But
• 15:26
  they
• 15:27
  didn't
• 15:27
  have
• 15:27
  the
• 15:27
  Wilson
• 15:28
  contract.
• 15:29
  And
• 15:31
  George
• 15:31
  Hallis
• 15:32
  at
• 15:32
  one
• 15:32
  point
• 15:32
  was
• 15:33
  complaining
• 15:33
  about
• 15:34
  the
• 15:34
  leather
• 15:35
  that
• 15:35
  the
• 15:36
  NFL
• 15:36
  used.
• 15:37
  I
• 15:37
  mean,
• 15:37
  no
• 15:37
  one
• 15:37
  had
• 15:38
  really
• 15:38
  good
• 15:38
  leather
• 15:39
  for
• 15:39
  the
• 15:39
  balls
• 15:40
  is
• 15:40
  what
• 15:40
  it
• 15:40
  came
• 15:40
  down
• 15:41
  to.
• 15:41
  You
• 15:41
  know,
• 15:41
  they
• 15:41
  got
• 15:41
  waterlogged
• 15:42
  and
• 15:42
  it.
• 15:42
  Yada,
• 15:43
  yada.
• 15:44
  So
• 15:44
  he,
• 15:44
  he
• 15:44
  basically
• 15:45
  asked
• 15:45
  Arnold,
• 15:45
  hey,
• 15:46
  can
• 15:46
  you
• 15:46
  do
• 15:46
  something
• 15:46
  about
• 15:46
  this?
• 15:47
  Can
• 15:47
  you
• 15:47
  come
• 15:47
  up
• 15:47
  with
• 15:49
  a
• 15:49
  system
• 15:50
  or
• 15:50
  a
• 15:50
  new
• 15:50
  form
• 15:51
  of
• 15:51
  leather?
• 15:52
  And
• 15:52
  so,
• 15:52
  you
• 15:52
  know,
• 15:53
  maybe
• 15:53
  it
• 15:53
  took
• 15:53
  a
• 15:53
  little
• 15:53
  bit
• 15:54
  of
• 15:54
  time,
• 15:54
  but
• 15:55
  Horween
• 15:56
  ended
• 15:57
  up
• 15:57
  creating
• 15:58
  initially
• 15:58
  what
• 15:58
  they
• 15:58
  call
• 15:59
  grip
• 15:59
  tight.
• 16:00
  And
• 16:01
  now
• 16:02
  I
• 16:03
  think
• 16:03
  it
• 16:03
  was
• 16:03
  just
• 16:03
  a
• 16:04
  branding
• 16:04
  thing.
• 16:04
  But
• 16:05
  then
• 16:06
  they
• 16:06
  switched
• 16:06
  to
• 16:06
  using
• 16:07
  the
• 16:07
  term
• 16:08
  tanned
• 16:08
  intact.
• 16:10
  So
• 16:10
  the
• 16:11
  tackiness
• 16:11
  is
• 16:12
  tanned
• 16:12
  in.
• 16:13
  Whereas
• 16:14
  at
• 16:14
  the
• 16:15
  time,
• 16:16
  and
• 16:16
  maybe
• 16:16
  still
• 16:16
  for
• 16:17
  other
• 16:17
  people,
• 16:17
  the
• 16:18
  other
• 16:18
  manufacturers,
• 16:19
  they
• 16:20
  sprayed
• 16:20
  the
• 16:20
  ball
• 16:21
  with
• 16:21
  some
• 16:21
  kind
• 16:21
  of
• 16:21
  substance
• 16:22
  to
• 16:22
  make
• 16:22
  it
• 16:22
  tacky.
• 16:25
  So
• 16:26
  anyways,
• 16:26
  you
• 16:26
  know,
• 16:27
  they.
• 16:27
  Then
• 16:28
  that
• 16:28
  leather
• 16:29
  became
• 16:30
  the
• 16:30
  leather
• 16:31
  that
• 16:31
  was
• 16:31
  used
• 16:31
  by
• 16:32
  Wilson.
• 16:33
  And
• 16:34
  I
• 16:34
  want
• 16:34
  to
• 16:34
  say
• 16:34
  it
• 16:34
  was
• 16:34
  like
• 16:35
  52
• 16:35
  is
• 16:35
  when
• 16:36
  that
• 16:36
  happened.
• 16:37
  So
• 16:39
  anyways,
• 16:39
  you
• 16:40
  know,
• 16:40
  that's
• 16:40
  when
• 16:41
  the,
• 16:41
  the
• 16:41
  Duke
• 16:42
  football
• 16:42
  came
• 16:43
  along,
• 16:43
  all
• 16:44
  that
• 16:44
  kind
• 16:44
  of
• 16:44
  stuff.
• 16:45
  And
• 16:45
  so
• 16:45
  then
• 16:46
  they've
• 16:46
  been
• 16:46
  the
• 16:46
  sole
• 16:46
  supplier
• 16:47
  of
• 16:47
  leather
• 16:48
  to,
• 16:49
  to
• 16:49
  Wilson
• 16:49
  for
• 16:49
  NFL
• 16:50
  footballs
• 16:50
  ever
• 16:51
  since.
• 16:51
  I
• 16:51
  mean,
• 16:52
  that's
• 16:52
  just
• 16:52
  fascinating
• 16:53
  stuff
• 16:53
  that
• 16:53
  the
• 16:53
  family
• 16:54
  business
• 16:54
  is
• 16:54
  still
• 16:55
  going
• 16:55
  strong
• 16:56
  after
• 16:56
  all
• 16:56
  these
• 16:56
  years
• 16:57
  from
• 16:57
  those
• 16:57
  two
• 16:57
  brothers
• 16:58
  that
• 16:58
  played
• 16:58
  the
• 16:58
  game
• 16:58
  of
• 16:59
  football
• 16:59
  and,
• 16:59
  you
• 17:00
  know,
• 17:00
  did
• 17:00
  it
• 17:00
  well
• 17:00
  and
• 17:01
  even
• 17:01
  coached
• 17:02
  in
• 17:02
  the
• 17:02
  NFL,
• 17:02
  for
• 17:02
  God's
• 17:03
  sakes.
• 17:03
  And
• 17:03
  played
• 17:03
  in
• 17:03
  the
• 17:03
  NFL.
• 17:04
  Well,
• 17:05
  no,
• 17:05
  but.
• 17:05
  So
• 17:05
  how
• 17:06
  did
• 17:06
  the
• 17:06
  football
• 17:06
  get
• 17:06
  to
• 17:07
  be
• 17:07
  this
• 17:08
  orangish
• 17:08
  tannish
• 17:09
  color
• 17:10
  or
• 17:10
  darker
• 17:10
  brown
• 17:11
  as
• 17:11
  we
• 17:11
  get
• 17:11
  into
• 17:11
  the
• 17:12
  games
• 17:12
  now
• 17:12
  how
• 17:13
  did
• 17:13
  all
• 17:13
  this
• 17:13
  happen
• 17:14
  and
• 17:14
  why
• 17:14
  is
• 17:15
  that?
• 17:15
  Well,
• 17:15
  there's,
• 17:16
  you
• 17:16
  know,
• 17:16
  some
• 17:16
  things
• 17:17
  that
• 17:17
  I've
• 17:17
  read
• 17:17
  and
• 17:18
  seen
• 17:18
  are,
• 17:19
  you
• 17:19
  know,
• 17:19
  there's
• 17:19
  different
• 17:20
  techniques.
• 17:20
  So
• 17:21
  after
• 17:21
  the
• 17:21
  horween
• 17:22
  leather
• 17:22
  is
• 17:23
  cut
• 17:23
  and
• 17:23
  sewn
• 17:24
  and
• 17:24
  put
• 17:24
  together
• 17:24
  in
• 17:25
  footballs
• 17:25
  in
• 17:25
  Ava,
• 17:26
  Ohio,
• 17:26
  at
• 17:26
  the
• 17:26
  Wilson
• 17:27
  factory,
• 17:27
  they
• 17:28
  ship
• 17:28
  the
• 17:28
  balls
• 17:29
  to
• 17:29
  another
• 17:29
  place
• 17:30
  and
• 17:30
  they
• 17:30
  get
• 17:31
  conditioned
• 17:32
  and
• 17:32
  part
• 17:32
  of
• 17:32
  the
• 17:32
  conditioning
• 17:33
  is,
• 17:33
  you
• 17:34
  know,
• 17:34
  they
• 17:34
  have
• 17:34
  these
• 17:34
  guys
• 17:34
  go
• 17:35
  out
• 17:35
  and
• 17:35
  get
• 17:35
  some
• 17:36
  mud
• 17:36
  out
• 17:36
  of
• 17:37
  a
• 17:37
  certain
• 17:37
  river
• 17:37
  in
• 17:38
  New
• 17:38
  Jersey.
• 17:39
  Lord
• 17:40
  only
• 17:40
  knows
• 17:40
  what
• 17:40
  the
• 17:40
  hecks
• 17:41
  in
• 17:41
  the
• 17:41
  river
• 17:41
  is
• 17:41
  in
• 17:41
  New
• 17:41
  Jersey.
• 17:42
  But
• 17:42
  it
• 17:43
  colors
• 17:43
  of
• 17:43
  football,
• 17:44
  what
• 17:44
  we
• 17:44
  like
• 17:45
  to
• 17:45
  see.
• 17:46
  And
• 17:46
  they
• 17:46
  take
• 17:46
  this
• 17:47
  ball
• 17:47
  and
• 17:47
  they
• 17:47
  take
• 17:48
  and
• 17:48
  they
• 17:48
  rub
• 17:48
  the
• 17:48
  mud
• 17:49
  in
• 17:49
  and
• 17:49
  massage
• 17:49
  it
• 17:50
  and
• 17:50
  do
• 17:51
  all
• 17:51
  these
• 17:51
  crazy
• 17:51
  things
• 17:52
  to
• 17:52
  the
• 17:52
  football
• 17:53
  to
• 17:53
  get
• 17:53
  that
• 17:53
  color.
• 17:54
  Even
• 17:54
  putting
• 17:55
  some
• 17:55
  lotions
• 17:55
  and
• 17:56
  ointments
• 17:56
  and
• 17:57
  salves
• 17:57
  or
• 17:57
  whatever
• 17:58
  to,
• 17:58
  to
• 17:58
  moisturize
• 17:59
  the
• 17:59
  leather
• 18:00
  and
• 18:00
  to
• 18:00
  give
• 18:01
  it,
• 18:01
  you
• 18:01
  know,
• 18:01
  that
• 18:01
  not
• 18:02
  only
• 18:02
  the
• 18:02
  tacky
• 18:02
  appearance
• 18:03
  that
• 18:03
  they're
• 18:03
  already
• 18:03
  putting
• 18:03
  some
• 18:04
  tackiness
• 18:04
  into
• 18:04
  the
• 18:04
  horween
• 18:05
  leather
• 18:06
  process,
• 18:06
  but
• 18:07
  they're
• 18:07
  also
• 18:07
  putting
• 18:08
  it
• 18:08
  into
• 18:08
  and
• 18:09
  making
• 18:09
  some
• 18:09
  weatherproofing
• 18:10
  into
• 18:10
  this
• 18:10
  in
• 18:10
  the
• 18:11
  colorization
• 18:11
  as
• 18:11
  all
• 18:12
  as
• 18:12
  well.
• 18:13
  That
• 18:13
  makes
• 18:13
  the
• 18:13
  football
• 18:14
  that
• 18:14
  special
• 18:14
  color
• 18:15
  that
• 18:15
  basketballs
• 18:16
  are
• 18:16
  not
• 18:16
  baseballs
• 18:17
  or
• 18:17
  not,
• 18:18
  soccer
• 18:18
  balls
• 18:18
  are
• 18:18
  not.
• 18:19
  And
• 18:19
  that's
• 18:19
  the
• 18:19
  way
• 18:19
  we
• 18:20
  like
• 18:20
  it.
• 18:20
  That's
• 18:20
  the
• 18:21
  game
• 18:21
  of
• 18:21
  football.
• 18:21
  And
• 18:22
  that's
• 18:22
  why
• 18:22
  the
• 18:22
  color
• 18:23
  brown
• 18:23
  is
• 18:23
  the
• 18:23
  color
• 18:24
  of
• 18:24
  football.
• 18:24
  Hope
• 18:24
  you
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