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Massive Asteroid Almost Hits Earth! (By Almost We Mean Not Really Close) · Made of Stars

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Morning. The following podcast contains an entertaining look at astronomy, physics, and
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space news throughout the known universe. Listeners have been known to learn about astronomical
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phenomenon the scientific method and expand the vocabulary to include terms like quasar asterism and
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uranus. Listen, that's your own risk, Go ahead. Where made of
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Stars? Made of Stars? Stars? Who Stars? You could be from
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High Hollywood, New Mexico, Mars. Where are Stars? We are made
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of Stars? Joined by my good friend doctor Sean Cruising from Columbus State University's
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Coca Cola Space Science Center. I'm Wes Carol, Hey Sean, a little
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West. Good to be here with you today. I got a message yesterday
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from a friend of mine who is an avid listener of this show, and
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he complimented our handling of the talk about all of the aliens that are all
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over the planet. No, no, about the fact that we did not
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bite fully into the clickbait. That is my term, not his. That
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is the stories whenever we hear about you know, oh my gosh, the
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government has alien ships and has alien bodies. And he complimented the way that
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we covered it, and we talked about all of that while we were covering
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it last week, because it is one of those tricky stories. There are
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some stories that will ultimately make their way into large network or cable news and
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then suddenly like it gets people's attention. They hear about it and they say,
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oh, what is this? And you know, we try to be
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we're that combination of you're an actual scientist, I'm a radio guy who makes
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humorous observations, and that's what we try to make this into. That what
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this show is, and that's sort of how we navigated our way through it.
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But again, that's probably the last we're gonna hear about the alien ships
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and the alien bodies for a while, if we ever hear about them again,
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but we wanted to address it now. With that said, my gosh,
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the Earth is going to get hit by an asteroid today. We're all
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gonna die. That was a very nice spin on a dime there with I
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enjoyed the way you did that. That's great. Dinosaurs Beware, I think
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the entire Jurassic Park franchise is in trouble. If you're Chris Pratt, take
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cover, by the way, to your one friend out there who's a listener.
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Thanks for keeping the lights on. We appreciate you and all and all
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of the listeners out there. We know there's many. So the fun thing
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about that is, you know, when these stories arrive, they get a
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lot of attention, and I think that you pointed out last time, they
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actually build a genuine curiosity and enthusiasm about wanting to know more about space.
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Right, So, and look, ladies and gentlemen, honestly, one of
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the biggest questions we have as human beings is do other life forms exist somewhere
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out there in the universe? Right? We all have that question. Humankind
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has had that question probably forever, you know, for as long as there's
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been humankind, and for sure as long as they could write things down.
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So so, yeah, when when we run across stories like like that story,
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let me just not go into it all that much more. But when
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we hear about interesting things from space, it sparks an innate curiosity that's deeply
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embedded in our psyche. Not just as us as individuals because maybe we saw
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star wars when we were kids. No, it's us as a huge as
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a human species on this planet that's smart enough to figure out that there's places
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to go that aren't on our planet, and so what are those places like
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and could creatures exist? And I know we beat that to death the last
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time, so you know in that previous podcast. So we're not going to
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do that, but but we are going to say, you know, space
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is scary because if there's a place up there, you know, things could
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come from that place up there that that we don't know, that might not
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be anything like us, or that we're out of control. And the nineteen
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fifties were full of such science fiction movies that carried over into the later decades
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and kind of have a relationship to the story now about an asteroid. Well,
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and I want to jump right into the asteroid, but but we do
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have a story coming up that and it relates to some of what you're talking
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about, but in a different way because one of the things, and well
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we can talk about the specifics of that coming up, but just this idea
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that it is possible that there is life beyond this planet that is nothing like
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what we would imagine it would be, and it could be any form,
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you know, along the trajectory of time for what life, single cell organisms,
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something that's just underwater, something that's just in whatever their version of liquid
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water is on their planet, all those sorts of things, and we do
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have a story that kind of touches on that just a little bit coming up.
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But now let's talk about the giant asteroid that everybody on the news this
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morning was saying. It was just a it's a near miss for us today,
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and to me that means, you know, came between us and the
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moon. And that's a that's one of my good measuring sticks for when I
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really start getting concerned. So so look, okay, here's the situation,
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ladies and gentlemen. An asteroid, as we record this podcast, is passing
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by the Earth. By is the relative term, right, So we should
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we can see it if we if we look at if we look outside right
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now, we can see its zipping right through our atmosphere, probably smoke and
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flames and things just breaking off of it all and just falling down to the
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Earth, right Not that in the least, which that's that's the problem?
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Is the word be why invokes that sort of thought process? Well, it's
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passing near by the Earth, Okay, Yes, compared to the scale of
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the Milky Way galaxy, this sucker's right on top of us. But compared
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to the scale of the Earth Moon system, you know, in which all
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of our spacecraft operate for the most part, and that kind of thing.
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Yeah, it's not that close. It's passing at two point six million miles,
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and I know that. I know that words like million kind of get
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conflated into like, Okay, well, but you're talking about space, so
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that's really close. And yeah, yes, but this is not all that
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close. I mean, it's still close. It's close, but it's not
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that close. Okay, it's eleven times further away than the Moon orbits the
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Earth, and that's really the number to lock in on, ladies and gentlemen.
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So imagine that giant moon, which is are more massive than the asteroid,
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by the way, and it's traveling around the Earth and it near misses
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the Earth by two hundred and thirty six thousand miles every day for a very
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long time. So that's a moon sized object. Okay, So just giving
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that a little bit of perspective, this asteroid is about the size of the
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Brooklyn Bridge, according to the headline of USA Today, and that's not wrong.
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And they further say, and NASA's tracking this asteroid as a potentially hazardous
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asteroid and that's not wrong either. It's true NASA has a kind of specific
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classification we'll talk about in just a second, four potentially hazardous asteroids, and
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they're saying it's the largest of five asteroids that are going to be approaching our
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planet within the next few weeks. That's also true. It's the biggest one
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of a little chain of asteroids that are all going to pass well beyond the
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orbit of the Moon except for one, which is going to sneak inside the
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Moon's orbit. And but it's really small. So so so just beware,
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ladies and gentlemen. All I'm saying is just beware of the clickbait headlines.
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And I'm not accusing USA today of making a clickbait headline, because we're probably
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gonna make a clickbait headline absolutely, because that's what we do. We did
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it last week. You know, there's a lot of podcasts out there,
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so we gotta rise above the noise. So we might do that. Hey,
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if we can draw people in with our clickbait and then we can explain
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to them the science behind why it's ridiculous, I think that's a win.
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That's a win for us, and it's a win for common sense around the
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world. It seems like a virtuous endeavor when you put it that way.
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It has nothing to do when listens and clicks and none of that. No,
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no, nothing at all. I should say at this point, I
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don't get paid for this podcast, ladies and gentlemen. I'm doing this podcast
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as a service to you, both from a scientific and hopefully from a potential
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sense of humor standpoint some entertainment value along the way, ladies and gentlemen.
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This is it. It's an asteroid that's kind of kind of big and kind
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of close, and so thank goodness, NASA has what they call the Planetary
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Defense Coordination Office where they track what they call potentially hazardous asteroids or PHAs,
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and they have a litmus test for what they're gonna call a PHA, and
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that's that those whether it's a common or an asteroid, it's got to have
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an orbit that brings it within four and a half million miles of the Earth.
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Okay, I mean, the Sun's ninety three million miles from the Earth,
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So this is substantially closer than the Sun to the Earth. So so
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I mean, and again compared to the scale of the galaxy or heaven knows
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the universe. This is really really close on that scale. It's all relative.
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It really is all relative, and that's where they can kind of play
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with this when it comes to the semantics of it. But that four point
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six million miles is nineteen point five times further away than the Moon, so
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almost twenty times the distance of the Moon, which, okay, there's a
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good reason we should keep an eye on those, because asteroids that pass that
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close and again, not that close. Okay, it's not it is not
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that close, but that's on this pass, it's not that close. What
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can happen is the orbits of these asteroids can be perturbed or modified by their
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grabational interactions with perhaps some of the larger planets in the outer part of the
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Solar System, or perhaps maybe they make a close pass by the Sun along
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the way, or perhaps they break apart in the as they approach the Sun
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and get warm because they have volatile elements in there. So we need to
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keep an eye on them. We need to know where they are, where
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they're going, what they're doing. I completely concur with the need for NASA's
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Planetary Defense Coordination Office and the designation of potentially hazardous asteroids, but don't get
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confused that if they use that term that it's potentially hazardous on this pass.
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It's not. Okay, So this is what I would consider a very very
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safe asteroid at the moment, and it's gonna be centuries before it comes by
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again. So it's really those people's problem, not ours. But okay,
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let's provide the future people some data and go ahead and keep watching this asteroid
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and keep measuring how it's moving through space. Hence the need for the Planetary
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Defense Coordination Office. It's just this, ladies and gentlemen. When you read
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these headlines, remember put these things in context. Go ahead and look at
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the numbers, use a little critical thinking and say, is this really something
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I need to bring up at the water cooler today? Hey, did you're
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about that giant asteroid that's passing right by the Earth. It's not. Now.
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What I will say is that occasionally, these same people who watch the
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nighttime skies for us, they find asteroids. They discover them newly passing by
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when they're on their way out. In other words, they've already made a
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pass by the Earth and they're exiting the proximity to the Earth, and they're
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doing it after having passed between the Moon and the Earth. Those are the
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stories that get my attention. It's like, oh, this thing passed by
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at twenty percent of the lunar distance, in other words, twenty percent of
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the distance from us to the Moon, and it was the size of a
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football stadium. Yeah, okay, those we should pay attention to. Those
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are what, hey, did you hear? You know, go to the
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water cooler and say, hey, do we don't I don't have a water
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cooler here. I don't know why I'm saying water cooler. Yeah, we
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have what we call in our building, we have what we call cholesterol meetings,
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which means we just jam up the hallway so nothing can get through.
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So we call those cholesterol meetings. So in our cholesterol meetings, and then
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we say, hey, did you hear about that asteroid the zip between us
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and the moon? And it was, you know, roughly the size of
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you know, the Sears building in Chicago. When those happen, that's a
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little bit more interesting. So yeah, no, far more. And that's
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why. So a couple of things I equate that to, like if you've
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got like we have security cameras around my home, and sometimes like I had
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an incident once where I had left a pair of shoes a pair of slides
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out in front of my house, and one of them randomly disappeared, and
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I had to go back and try to find like, when did this happen
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and how did it disappear? And I realized it was a dog that I've
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never seen in the neighborhood and I haven't seen since, came and took one
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of my shoes and just left with it. Thanks a lot, Would you
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like the other one? I can't use it now, But there was a
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moment as I'm kind of going through and you get to those nighttime and it's
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triggered by motion. You get to the nighttime ones and I always get a
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little nervous because I sit there and I think, what if something weird has
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passed in front of the camera and it was just outside my home. I
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don't know that I want to know that it was there, but at the
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same time, maybe it would be good to know that it was there.
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And I think that's kind of what happens when they say, oh, by
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the way, we had a much nearer miss than any of these other stories
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were hiving up and we're just going to tell you after the fact. The
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other thing is whenever you hear these stores worries about, oh, there's an
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asteroid that's passing by and it's close and you know it's on USA Today headlines.
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When the news TV news coverage says that they're assembling astronauts and like Bruce
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Willis and other you know miners, they're heading to the White House, that's
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when you should start to get nervous. And I think prior to that,
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or they start using the words, you know, the Dart mission, that
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kind of stuff, then you can be a little nervous. But until then,
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I think that we are probably okay when we just hear those headlines.
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Yeah, so I love the fact that you mentioned the Dart mission, which
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is, hey, there's an asteroid that NASA just found and they're rushing to
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deploy the Dart spacecraft. Then it's time to pay attention. Yeah. Then
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Chris Pratt, can you know, put his head between his legs those kind
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of deal, because right now I think Chris Pratt National treasure Chris Pratt is
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okay. The other thing is if you if they if you hear that they
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have pulled the Space Shuttle Atlantis out of the Kennedy Space Center visitor center and
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are moving it to launch pad thirty nine A so they can get all the
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drilling equipment installed in time to you know, because you can't stuff all that
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stuff in the Orion spacecraft. It's too small. You need the big semi
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truck. You need space Shuttle. So if they're trying to look around,
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hey, anybody got any solid rocket boosters on them? Can we use those
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SLS solid rocket boosters on Atlantis? We gotta get it up there. So
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if you're hearing those kind of stories, yeah, it's probably that's that's wanting
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to pay attention to. That's right. And the other thing is there are
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a whole a whole generation of PhD astrophysicists who chose to study, you know,
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asteroid passes by Earth that you just equated to a dog stealing a shoe
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off your porch, know that by a security camera, right, So I
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just want you to know that's what you just did. I'm just saying when
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you look through the footage in the nighttime footage and you just know if you
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see that there's something on there and it kind of looks like Bigfoot, do
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you really want to know that it was outside your house. I don't know
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that I want to know that it was there. I probably should, but
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it does make me a little nervous that it's gonna I'm just gonna be scrolling
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through the different little clips and go, ah, what is that good?
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So anyway, I can just imagine like these scientists sitting in a room where
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they're looking at this data and this asteroids just passed by, and they're looking
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at each other like should we even tell them? Or should we just let
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this thing? It's it's it's on a non return trajectory. Should we just
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even let's just let it go and never even report this thing. We'll just
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make a little note. We'll just write down and just make a little note
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and we'll move on. All right, We got another It would be like
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sasquatch stealing a shoe shoe off your porch that you caught it in your security
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camera. You're like, should I tell my wife or should I just let
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the shoe go? I think I'll just let the shoe go. And I
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did tell her, and she tells me, Now, whenever I leave a
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shoe out there, you know you shouldn't leave more shoes out there. It's
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gonna happen again. That's fine, I will get my shoes. We have
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another story that's happening sort of in you know, today, in real timish
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as we're recording on Thursdays as we do, and it relates to the International
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Space Station. And I guess you've been. You were watching the spacewalk before
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we started recording. I was. And you know, the cool thing about
19:19
spacewalks, ladies and gentlemen, is that there's a lot of fun things that
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gets said on the loops, the loops of the communications channels between the astronauts
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and the ground team, and they say funny things once in a while.
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And it was I'm not going to try to repeat it here because it's like
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telling a joke out of context, but you should listen to the loops sometime
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when they're doing spacewalks. It ends up being fairly entertaining. I will tell
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you that today what's taking place. They number spacewalks. This is US spacewalk
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number eighty eight, so it's spacewalk number eighty eight is underway. And what
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they're doing is they're installing these things called i rosa's, and i Rosa is
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an it's an acronym. It's a strained acronym. It's for International Space Station
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Rollout Solar Array. So they don't want to say International Space Station Rollout Solar
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Array over the loops, so they just call them an i ROSA. And
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so the i rosas are a brand new set of solar collectors that are much
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more efficient than the old solar collectors up there on the International Space Station.
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And today they're being installed on the starboard trust of the International Space Station and
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they're gonna roll out this new i ROSA. It's i ROSA number six that's
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been installed, so there's five other ones on there already. These i rosas
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are capable of generating twenty kilowatts of electricity each one, and so they're gonna
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they're looking to install as many as eight, although that won't be intel about
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twenty twenty five, which is not too long before the space station scheduled to
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be deorbited, so who knows about that. We'll talk about that on a
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different day anyway. So, but these irosas are tremendous power generators. So
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and and by the way, even though the new IROSA solar panels are somewhat
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shadowing the old legacy solar panels of the International Space Station. In other words,
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they're kind of putting them up where they block the sun from hitting the
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old older panels to some degree. They're gonna leave those older panels intact and
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still generating some power themselves, So they'll have the old old generator old solar
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panels generating some power. The new irosas generating more power, and it's going
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to bring the whole array of power stations when they're all current, when they're
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all installed and running up to two hundred kilowatts of electricity. Now you may
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be going, well, gee, that sounds great. I have no idea
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what a kilowatt is. Okay, imagine this. Your home takes about two
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kilowatts, so you run your home on about two kilowatts. In other words,
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these solar panels, when all newly installed, plus the old legacy panels,
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will be generating enough power to run about a hundred homes. That gives
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you a little bit better feel for what's taking place up there. Right.
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So this is kind of I mean, it's it's not the size of a
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giant solar grid to like run a city, but it is a fairly aggressive
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solar grid to run the International Space Station, because that way you can hook
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up all kinds of equipment and life support systems, and you can actually grow
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the International Space Station, which they're talking about doing or they're actually working on
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doing, by adding additional modules to it. There's gonna be plenty of power
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to do those kinds of things. So it's very important to get this job
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done. And the spacewalk is underway right now as we speak. Coming up
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after a quick break, do we now have signs of life on one of
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Saturn's moons? Sorry I had to click bait it. We'll do that right
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after this. Okay. So we've been talking about life beyond Earth and we
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just kind of touched on it earlier. But the reality about maybe another planet
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somewhere, even in deep space, having some variation of life on it.
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We know that water is critical to that and there's certain elements that they're looking
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for. We had a story, this is a follow up story from something
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that we talked about back in November about one of Saturn's moons and some indicators,
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some potential indicators. There's things needed for possible life. And as this
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moon of Saturn has saltwater oceans. It certainly could you know, eventually lead
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to some sort of a hearing happening in Congress. No, no, no,
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I went I went down that path again. I'm sorry, but no,
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this is an interesting progression in this story from November. I mean,
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imagine if a space rock hit the Earth and it had life on it from
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Enceladus, one of Saturn's moons, and that life was driving around in small
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spacecraft that could die below the ocean. Imagine if all of those things happened
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at the same time. Ladies and gentlemen, We have no evidence of any
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such thing taking place. That was just a joke. So let's get onto
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the actual story, which is this, there's a moon around Saturn which has
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geysers, and the geysers have been chemically analyzed by some of our satellites,
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including when I say satellites, I mean satellites around Saturn. We call those
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probes at other times. This is the Cassini mission. Specifically, the Cassini
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mission, a probe that was satelliting around Saturn was able to also take pictures
25:12
of Saturn's moons and get data from Saturn's moons using against spectrographs and found evidence
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of various salty compounds spewing up from the geysers that seem to be ejecting material
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out of the surface of that moon from underneath somewhere. And it looks like
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now that the moon Encellatus pretty clearly has salt water oceans beneath an icy crust
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that because of the frictional heating from interactions with the giant planet Saturn, tidal
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heating is causing the interior of those oceans to be warm, so warm in
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fact, that they spray their water right up through holes in the cracks in
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the ice of Incellatus's icy coating on the outside. So we know a water
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H two o B salty water, which means it has some of the compounds
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that Wes was just discussing possible building blocks for life, and we're going to
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get more specific on that in just a second. But ce it's also at
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a warm enough temperature to possibly cause interactions chemically that would be interesting for life.
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Okay, So so those are all the scenarios now. A new study
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from the Southwest Research Institute has analyzed even more of that data from the Cassini
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spacecraft and discovered the evidence specifically of phosphates. Now, there had been some
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evidence that suggested the possibility that phosphates could exist, but now we have direct
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chemical evidence that phosphates exist in these plumes of water shooting out from the subterranean
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oceans on the Moon Andceladus around Saturn. Why is that important, Well,
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phosphates are building blocks for life. Or you might know this. You have
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phosphates in the fertilizer that you put on your grass, and so that's so
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that the grass can eat. Not that there's some Irish commercial out there saying
27:23
feed it or whatever. I don't know whatever that is Scottish. It's not
27:27
Irish Scottish. It's whatever. I'm not trying to, you know, give
27:33
any give any winks to any kind of advertising for you know, fertilizer.
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But it's got phosphated it, ladies and gentlemen. So if phosphate is good
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for your grass to grow, then it's also good I said, Irish.
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I'm just laughing away, I said, Irish. If phosphate is good for
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your grass to grow, it's also good for the potential for micro organisms.
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Within the warm salt water oceans of the Moon Incellatus below the surface, protected
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from all that nasty radiation from Saturn's very strong magnetic fields. You see,
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there could be another cradle for life right here in our own solar system,
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and we're finding chemical signatures that make that even more likely. That's why that's
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a big news story. You can check it out on Universe today dot com
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among other places. But they have a great story from the Southwest Research Institute
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talking about their discoveries of phosphates in the plumes of Incellatus. We have another
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story that is timely and that it relates to you know, what's going on
28:47
today with the Earth and the Sun and there's a magnetic interaction going on.
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Yeah, so this is an interesting story from space weather dot com. And
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again you're gonna hear spaceweather dot com quota on this show a lot because we
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like that site. That's a fun site ladies and gentlemen to follow. Follow
29:04
that site because the sun changes absolutely every day. Plus they have other interesting
29:10
stories about what's going on within our solar system and without our atmosphere. Go
29:14
follow spaceweather dot com. It's cool site. Anyway. So today, ladies
29:18
and gentlemen, there's kind of a magnetic handshake or a magnetic dance taking place
29:23
between the expanding magnetic field of the Sun and the Earth's magnetic field, which
29:30
protects us from all that solar radiation. There's an interaction because two waves of
29:36
the solar windstream. One is a fast wave which got blasted out by some
29:41
high energy process, and one's just kind of the slower, normal wave of
29:45
magnetic material that always flows out from the Sun. We called that the solar
29:48
wind. These two windstreams are running into each other and they cause an interaction
29:56
zone or a transition zone that we call a co rotating interaction region a CIR.
30:04
Now, if you listen to our podcast a lot, you hear us
30:07
talk about CMEs. A CME is a coronal mass ejection. That's where there's
30:11
a fairly large explosion on the Sun and it sends out a wave of charged
30:17
particles away from the surface of the Sun that can spread out through the Solar
30:21
system and potentially interact with the Earth's magnetic field. Well, this is kind
30:26
of a sneaky different way to get an interaction between the Sun's magnetic field and
30:30
the Earth's magnetic field that can generate the kinds of things that happen on Earth.
30:37
That are similar to win a CME or a coronal mass ejection hits the
30:40
Earth's magnetic field. So in other words, you can do things like create
30:44
Aurora borealis, or you can have things like interactions with the electronics that take
30:51
that are part of our satellites or maybe even part of the ground systems that
30:56
we have. So these are the kinds of effects that CMEs cause on a
31:00
regular basis, but these co rotating interaction regions or CIRs can sometimes mimic that.
31:06
So today, as we report June fifteenth of twenty twenty three, there
31:11
is a CIR encountering the Earth's magnetic field, and so we could be in
31:15
for minor geomagnetic storms as this CIR arrives and passes by the Earth today.
31:22
Check it out on spaceweather dot com if you want to read more about that.
31:26
Summertime at the Coca Cola Space Science Center means take in astronomy nights to
31:33
a pretty cool location. When I say at the Cocola Space Science Center,
31:37
I actually mean in this case Callaway Gardens. Well, it is one percent
31:41
true that it is summer at the Coca Cola Space Science Center. As we
31:45
are in the Northern Hemisphere, so this is Northern Hemisphere summer. But we
31:51
do fun things all throughout the day here at the Space Science Center, but
31:56
we also take our telescopes, pack them up on Monday nights and go out
32:00
and visit our friends at Callaway Gardens because we have a collaboration with the educational
32:04
team out at Callaway Gardens that we take our telescopes and do astronomy programs at
32:08
their venue for their guests. But it's after the gardens closes down, so
32:15
they let everybody in for free and you can come out and join the astronomy
32:22
team from the Coca Cola Space Science Center at Callaway Gardens for a free program
32:25
under the stars on Monday nights, Ladies and gentlemen. We love to have
32:30
these programs because we get to show you the nighttime sky and you get to
32:36
experience it in kind of a visceral way. Yeah, you can look at
32:39
pictures from the James Webb Space Telescope online and they are gorgeous and they're fun,
32:44
but there's just something different about seeing the Sombrero Galaxy with your own eye
32:50
through one of our telescopes, or the Ring Nebula, or the Dumbbell Nebula,
32:54
both of which are dying stars, very similar to our own son.
32:59
So these are interesting things. They're a fun time to share with the family.
33:04
It's a beautiful location to go out and watch the sunset and then check
33:07
out the telescopes. Doctor Rosa Williams and our astronomy team here from the Space
33:12
Science Center do a fantastic job, So come out and join us for one
33:15
of our astronomy programs at at Callaway Gardens on Monday nights throughout June and July.
33:22
And all of the events going on at the Cocola Space Science Center are
33:25
listed on at your website's events page. Yeah, check it out at our
33:30
website. Go to visit www dot cc SSC dot org. Charlie Charlie SamSam
33:38
Charlie dot org. Visit our website, find out about our astronomy programs,
33:43
about our summer camp programs, about all the interesting things taking place here at
33:46
Columbus State University's Coca Cola Space Science Center. Thank you for listening. We'll
33:52
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