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019 - Bk 5 pt 4 · Anabasis

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  Speaker 1: Book five, Part four of Xenophons and Abases. This is
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  Speaker 1: Anabasis by Xenophon, translated by H. G. Dawkins, Book five,
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  Speaker 1: Part four, number seven. Presently, the soldiers came to learn
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  Speaker 1: what was in course of agitation, and Neon gave out
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  Speaker 1: that Xenophon had persuaded the other generals to adopt his
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  Speaker 1: views and had a plan to cheat the soldiers and
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  Speaker 1: take them back to faces. The soldiers were highly indignant.
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  Speaker 1: Meetings were held. Little groups gathered ominously, and there seemed
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  Speaker 1: an alarming probability that they would repeat the violence with
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  Speaker 1: which they had lately treated the heralds of the Kulchians
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  Speaker 1: and the clerks of the market, when all who did
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  Speaker 1: not save themselves by jumping into the sea were stoned
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  Speaker 1: to death. So Xenophon, seeing what a storm was brewing,
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  Speaker 1: resolved to anticipate matters so far as to summon a
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  Speaker 1: meeting of the men with out delay, and thus prevent
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  Speaker 1: their collecting of their own accord. And he ordered the
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  Speaker 1: herald to announce the assembly the voice of the herald
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  Speaker 1: was no sooner heard than they rushed with great readiness
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  Speaker 1: to the place of meeting. Then Xenophon, without accusing the
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  Speaker 1: generals of having come to him, made the following speech.
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  Speaker 1: I hear that a charge is brought against me. It
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  Speaker 1: is I, apparently, who am going to cheat you and
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  Speaker 1: carry you off to faces. I beg you, by all
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  Speaker 1: that is holy, listen to me, and if there be
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  Speaker 1: found any guilt in me, let me not leave this
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  Speaker 1: place till I have paid the penalty of my misdoing.
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  Speaker 1: But if my accusers are found guilty, treat them as
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  Speaker 1: they deserve. I presume, sirs, you know where the sun
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  Speaker 1: rises and where he sets, and that he who would
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  Speaker 1: go to hellas must needs journey towards the sunset, whereas
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  Speaker 1: he who seeks the land of the barbarians must contrariwise
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  Speaker 1: fix his face towards the dawn. Now is that a
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  Speaker 1: point in which a man might hope to cheat you?
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  Speaker 1: Could any one make you believe that the sun rises
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  Speaker 1: here and sets there, or that he sets here and
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  Speaker 1: rises there? And doubtless you know this too, that it
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  Speaker 1: is boreous the north wind who bears the mariner out
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  Speaker 1: of Pontus towards Hellas, and the south wind inwards towards
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  Speaker 1: the Faces. Whence the saying, when the north wind doth
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  Speaker 1: blow home to Hellas, we will go. He would be
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  Speaker 1: a clever fellow who could befool you into embarking with
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  Speaker 1: the south wind blowing. That sounds all very well, you
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  Speaker 1: think only I may get you on board during a calm. Granted,
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  Speaker 1: But I shall be on board my one ship, and
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  Speaker 1: you on board another hundred at least. And how am
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  Speaker 1: I to constrain you to voyage with me against your will?
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  Speaker 1: Or by what cajolery shall I carry you off? But
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  Speaker 1: I will imagine you so far befooled and bewitched by me,
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  Speaker 1: that I have got you to the Faces. We proceed
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  Speaker 1: to disembark on dry land. At last it will come
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  Speaker 1: out that wherever you are, you are not in Hellas,
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  Speaker 1: and that the inventor of the trick will be one
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  Speaker 1: sole man, and you, who have been caught by it
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  Speaker 1: will number something like ten thousand with swords in your hands.
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  Speaker 1: I do not know how a man could better insure
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  Speaker 1: his own punishment than by embarking on such a policy
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  Speaker 1: with regards to himself and you nay, these tales are
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  Speaker 1: the invention of silly fellows who are jealous of the
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  Speaker 1: honor you bestow on me, a most uncalled for jealousy.
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  Speaker 1: Do I hinder any of them from speaking any word
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  Speaker 1: of import in his power of striking a blow in
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  Speaker 1: your behalf and his own, if that is his choice,
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  Speaker 1: or finally, of keeping his eyes and ears open to
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  Speaker 1: secure your safety. What is it in your choice of
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  Speaker 1: leaders do I stand in the way of any one?
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  Speaker 1: Is that it? Let him step forward, I yield in place,
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  Speaker 1: and he shall be your general. Only he must prove
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  Speaker 1: that he has your good at heart. For myself I
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  Speaker 1: have done, But for yourselves. If any of you conceive
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  Speaker 1: either that he himself could be the victim of a fraud,
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  Speaker 1: or that he could victimize any one in such a
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  Speaker 1: thing as this, let him open his lips and explain
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  Speaker 1: to us how. Take your time. But when you have
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  Speaker 1: sifted the matter to your heart's content, do not go
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  Speaker 1: away without suffering me to tell you of something which
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  Speaker 1: I see looming. If it should burst upon us and
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  Speaker 1: prove in fact anything like what it gives signs of being,
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  Speaker 1: now it is time for us to take counsel for ourselves.
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  Speaker 1: And see that we do not prove ourselves to be
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  Speaker 1: the worse and basest of men in the sight of
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  Speaker 1: gods and men, be they friends or be they foes.
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  Speaker 1: The words moved the curiosity of the soldiers. They marveled
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  Speaker 1: what this matter might be, and bade him explain. Thereupon
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  Speaker 1: he began again, You will not have forgotten certain places
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  Speaker 1: in the hills, barbaric fastnesses, but friendly to the Saracenines,
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  Speaker 1: from which people used to come down and sell us
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  Speaker 1: large cattle and other things which they possessed. And if
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  Speaker 1: I mistake not, some of you went to the nearest
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  Speaker 1: of these places and made purchases in the market, and
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  Speaker 1: came back again claret us. The captain learned of this
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  Speaker 1: place that it was but a little one and unguarded.
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  Speaker 1: Why should it be guarded, since it was friendly, so
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  Speaker 1: the folk thought. Thus he stole upon it in the
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  Speaker 1: dead of night, and meant to sack it without saying
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  Speaker 1: a word to any of us. His design mine was
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  Speaker 1: if he took the place, not to return again to
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  Speaker 1: the army, but to mount a vessel, which, with his
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  Speaker 1: messmates on board her, was sailing past at the time,
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  Speaker 1: and stowing away what he had seized to set sail
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  Speaker 1: and begone beyond the Euxine. All this had been agreed
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  Speaker 1: upon and arranged with his comrades on board the vessel,
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  Speaker 1: as I now discover. Accordingly, he summoned to his side
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  Speaker 1: all whom he could persuade, and set off at their
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  Speaker 1: head against the little place, But don overtook him. On
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  Speaker 1: his march. The men collected out of their strongholds, and,
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  Speaker 1: whether from a distance or close quarters, made such a
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  Speaker 1: fight that they killed Clearettas and a good many of
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  Speaker 1: the rest, and only a few of them got safe
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  Speaker 1: back to Cerasus. These things took place on the day
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  Speaker 1: on which we started to come hither on foot, while
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  Speaker 1: some of those who were to go by sea were
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  Speaker 1: still at Cerasus, not having as yet weighed anchor. After this,
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  Speaker 1: according to what the Sarasinthines state, there arrived three inhabitants
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  Speaker 1: of the place which had been attacked, Three elderly men
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  Speaker 1: seeking an interview with our public assembly. Not finding us,
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  Speaker 1: they addressed themselves to the men of Cerasus and told
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  Speaker 1: them they were astonished that we should have thought it
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  Speaker 1: right to attack them. However, when as the Saracentines assert,
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  Speaker 1: they had assured them that the occurrence was not authorized
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  Speaker 1: by public consent, They were pleased and proposed to sail here,
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  Speaker 1: not only to stay to us what had occurred, but
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  Speaker 1: to offer that those who were interested should take up
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  Speaker 1: and bury the bodies of the slain. But among the
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  Speaker 1: Hellenes still at Cerasus were some of those who had escaped.
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  Speaker 1: They found out in which direction the barbarians were minded
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  Speaker 1: to go, and not only had the faces themselves to
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  Speaker 1: pelt with stones, but vociferously encouraged their neighbors to do
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  Speaker 1: the same. The three men ambassadors marquis were slain stone
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  Speaker 1: to death. After this occurrence, the men of Cerasus came
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  Speaker 1: to us and reported the affair, and we generals, on
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  Speaker 1: being informed, were annoyed at what had taken place, and
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  Speaker 1: took counsel with the Saracentines how the dead bodies of
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  Speaker 1: the Hellenes might be. While seated in conclave outside the camp,
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  Speaker 1: we suddenly were aware of a great hubbub. We heard
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  Speaker 1: cries of cut them down, shoot them, stone them, and
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  Speaker 1: presently we caught sight of a mass of people racing
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  Speaker 1: towards us with stones in their hands, and others picking
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  Speaker 1: them up. The Sarasuntines, naturally enough, considering the incident they
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  Speaker 1: had lately witnessed retired in terror to their vessels, and
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  Speaker 1: upon my word, some of us did not feel too comfortable.
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  Speaker 1: All I could do was to go to them and
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  Speaker 1: inquire what it all meant. Some of them had not
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  Speaker 1: the slightest notion, although they had stones in their hands.
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  Speaker 1: But chancing on some one who was better informed, I
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  Speaker 1: was told by him that the clerks of the market
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  Speaker 1: were treating the army most scandalously. Just then some one
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  Speaker 1: got sight of the market clerk Zelarkis making his way
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  Speaker 1: off towards the sea, and lifted up his voice aloud,
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  Speaker 1: and the rest, responding to the cry, as if a
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  Speaker 1: wild boar or a stag had been startled, they rushed
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  Speaker 1: upon him. The Sarah's, seeing a rush in their direction,
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  Speaker 1: thought that, without a doubt it was directed against themselves,
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  Speaker 1: and fled with all speed, and threw themselves into the sea,
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  Speaker 1: in which proceeding they were intimated by some few of
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  Speaker 1: our own men, and all who did not know how
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  Speaker 1: to swim were drowned. But now what do you think
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  Speaker 1: of their case? These men of Cerasus, They had done
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  Speaker 1: no wrong. They were simply afraid that some madness had
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  Speaker 1: seized us like that to which dogs are liable. I say, then,
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  Speaker 1: if proceedings like this are to be the order of
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  Speaker 1: the day, you had better consider what the ultimate condition
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  Speaker 1: of the army is like to be. As a body,
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  Speaker 1: you will not have it in your power to undertake
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  Speaker 1: war against whom you like, or to conclude peace. But
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  Speaker 1: in private, any one who chooses will conduct the army
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  Speaker 1: on any quest which takes his fancy. And when ambassadors
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  Speaker 1: come to you to demand peace or whatever it may be,
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  Speaker 1: officious people will put them to death and prevent your
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  Speaker 1: hearing the proposals which brought them to you. The next
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  Speaker 1: step will be that those whom you as a body
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  Speaker 1: may choose as generals will be of no account. But
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  Speaker 1: any one who likes to elect himself general and will
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  Speaker 1: adopt the formula shoot him, shoot him, will be competent
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  Speaker 1: to cut down whomsoever he pleases untried, be it general
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  Speaker 1: or private soldier, if only he have sufficient followers, as
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  Speaker 1: was the case just now. But just consider what these
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  Speaker 1: self appointed generals have achieved for you. Zalarkis, the clerk
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  Speaker 1: of the market, may possibly have done you a wrong.
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  Speaker 1: If so, he has sailed off and is gone without
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  Speaker 1: paying you. Any penalty, or he may be guiltless, in
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  Speaker 1: which case we have driven him from the army in
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  Speaker 1: terror of perishing unjustly without a trial. While those who
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  Speaker 1: stoned the ambassadors have contrived so cleverly that we alone
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  Speaker 1: of all Hellenes cannot approach Sarasus safely without a strong force.
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  Speaker 1: And the corpses which the very men who slew themselves
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  Speaker 1: invited us to bury, we cannot now pick up with
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  Speaker 1: safety even under a flag of truce. Who indeed would
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  Speaker 1: care to carry a flag of truce or go as
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  Speaker 1: a herald with the blood of heralds upon his hands.
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  Speaker 1: All we could do to implore the Saracentines to bury them,
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  Speaker 1: If then you approve of such doings, have a resolution
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  Speaker 1: passed to that effect, so that with a prospect of
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  Speaker 1: like occurrences in the future, a man may privately set
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  Speaker 1: up a guard and do his best to fix his
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  Speaker 1: tent where he can find a strong position with a
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  Speaker 1: commanding sight. If, however, these seem to you to be
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  Speaker 1: the deeds rather of wild beasts than of human beings,
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  Speaker 1: bethink you of some means by which to stay them,
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  Speaker 1: or else, in Heaven's name, how shall we do sacrifice
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  Speaker 1: to the gods gladly with impious deeds to answer for?
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  Speaker 1: Or how shall we, who lay the knife to each
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  Speaker 1: other's throats give battle to our enemies? What friendly city
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  Speaker 1: will receive us when they see rampant lawlessness in our
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  Speaker 1: midst Who will have the courage to afford us a
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  Speaker 1: market when we prove our worthlessness in these weightiest concerns?
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  Speaker 1: And what will become of the praise we expect to
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  Speaker 1: win from the mouths of men who will vouchsafe it
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  Speaker 1: to us? If this is our behavior, should we not
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  Speaker 1: ourselves bestow the worst of names on the perpetrators of
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  Speaker 1: like deeds? After this, they rose, and as one man
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  Speaker 1: proposed that the ring leaders in these matters should be punished,
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  Speaker 1: and that for the future, to set an example of
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  Speaker 1: lawlessness should be forbidden. Every such ring leader was to
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  Speaker 1: be prosecuted on the capital charge. The generals were to
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  Speaker 1: bring all offenders to the bar of justice. Prosecutions for
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  Speaker 1: all other misdemeanors committed since the death of Cyrus were
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  Speaker 1: to be instituted. And they ended by constituting the officers
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  Speaker 1: into a board of die casts, and upon the strong
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  Speaker 1: representation of Xenophon, with the concurrence of the soothsayers, it
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  Speaker 1: was resolved to purify the army, and this purification was
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  Speaker 1: made number eight. It was further resolved that the generals
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  Speaker 1: themselves should undergo a judicial examination in reference to their
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  Speaker 1: conduct in past time. In the course of investigation, Philacius
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  Speaker 1: and Xanthecles, respectively, were condemned to pay a sum of
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  Speaker 1: twenty minae to meet a deficiency to that amount occurred
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  Speaker 1: during the guardianship of the cargoes of the merchantmen. Sophonettus
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  Speaker 1: was fined ten minae for inadequate performance of his duty
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  Speaker 1: as one of the chief officers selected against Xenophon. A
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  Speaker 1: charge was brought by certain people who asserted that they
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  Speaker 1: had been beaten by him and framed the indictment as
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  Speaker 1: one of personal outrage with violence. Xenophon got up and
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  Speaker 1: demanded that the first speakers should state where and when
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  Speaker 1: it was that he had received these blows. The other
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  Speaker 1: so challenged answered, when we were perishing of cold, and
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  Speaker 1: there was a great depth of snow, Xenophon said, upon
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  Speaker 1: my word, with weather such as you describe, when our
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  Speaker 1: provisions had run out, when the wine could not even
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  Speaker 1: be smelt, when numbers were dropping down, dead beat So
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  Speaker 1: acute was the suffering with the enemy close on our heels? Certainly,
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  Speaker 1: if at such a season as that, I was guilty
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  Speaker 1: of outrage, I plead guilty to being a more outrageous
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  Speaker 1: brute than the ass which is too wanton, they say
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  Speaker 1: to feel fatigue. Still, I wish you would tell us,
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  Speaker 1: said he, what led to my striking you? Did I
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  Speaker 1: ask you for something? And on your refusing it to me?
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  Speaker 1: Did I proceed to beat you? Was it a debt
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  Speaker 1: for which I demanded payment? Or a quarrel about some
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  Speaker 1: boy or other? Was I the worse for liquor and
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  Speaker 1: behaving like a drunkard. When the man met each of
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  Speaker 1: these questions with a negative, he questioned him further, Are
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  Speaker 1: you a heavy infantry soldier? No, said he a peltast.
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  Speaker 1: Then no, nor yet a peltast, But he had been
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  Speaker 1: ordered by his messmates to drive a mule, although he
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  Speaker 1: was a free man. Then at last he recognized him
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  Speaker 1: and inquired, are you the fellow who carried home the
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  Speaker 1: sick man? Yes, I am, said he, thanks to your driving,
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  Speaker 1: And you made havoc of my messmate's kit. Havoc, said Xenophon.
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  Speaker 1: Nay i distributed it, some to one man, some to
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  Speaker 1: another to carry, and bade them bring the things safely
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  Speaker 1: to me. And when I got them back, I delivered
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  Speaker 1: them all safely to you, and you, on your side,
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  Speaker 1: had rendered an account to me of the man. Let
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  Speaker 1: me tell you, he continued, turning to the court, what
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  Speaker 1: the circumstances were. It is worth hearing a man was
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  Speaker 1: left behind from inability to proceed further. I recognized the
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  Speaker 1: poor fellow sufficiently to see that he was one of ours,
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  Speaker 1: and I forced you, sir, to carry him, to save
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  Speaker 1: his life, for if I am not much mistaken, the
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  Speaker 1: enemy were close at our heels. The fellow assent to
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  Speaker 1: this well, then said Xenophon. After I had sent you forward,
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  Speaker 1: I overtook you again. As I came up with the
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  Speaker 1: rear guard, you were digging a trench with intent to
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  Speaker 1: bury the man. I pulled up and said something in commendation.
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  Speaker 1: As we stood by. The poor fellow twitched his leg,
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  Speaker 1: and the bystanders all cried out, why the man's alive?
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  Speaker 1: Your remark was alive or not? As he likes, I
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  Speaker 1: am not going to carry him. Then I struck you, Yes,
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  Speaker 1: you are right, for it looked very much as if
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  Speaker 1: you knew him to be alive, well said he was
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  Speaker 1: he any the less dead when I reported him to you? Nay,
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  Speaker 1: retorted Xenophon, by the same token, we shall all one
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  Speaker 1: day be dead. But that is no reason why meantime
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  Speaker 1: we should all be buried alive. Then there was a
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  Speaker 1: general shout. If Xenophon had given the fellow a few
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  Speaker 1: more blows, it might have been better. The others were
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  Speaker 1: now called upon to state the grounds on which they
• 15:08
  Speaker 1: had been beaten in each case, but when they refused
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  Speaker 1: to get up, he proceeded to state them himself. I confess, Sirs,
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  Speaker 1: to having struck certain men for failure and discipline. These
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  Speaker 1: were men who were quite content to owe their safety
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  Speaker 1: to us. Whilst the rest of the world marched on
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  Speaker 1: in rank and did whatever fighting had to be done,
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  Speaker 1: they preferred to leave the ranks and rush forward to
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  Speaker 1: loot and enrich themselves at our expense. Now, if this
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  Speaker 1: conduct were to be the rule, general ruin would be
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  Speaker 1: the result. I do not deny that I have given
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  Speaker 1: blows to this man or to the other who played
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  Speaker 1: the poltroon and refused to get up, helplessly abandoning himself
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  Speaker 1: to the enemy, and so I forced them to march
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  Speaker 1: on for once in the severe wintry weather, I myself
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  Speaker 1: happened to sit down for a long time whilst waiting
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  Speaker 1: for a party who were getting their kit together, and
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  Speaker 1: I discovered how difficult it was to get up again
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  Speaker 1: and stretch one's legs. After this personal experience, whenever I
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  Speaker 1: saw any one else seated in slack and lazy mood,
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  Speaker 1: I tried to spur him on. The mere movement in
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  Speaker 1: effort to play the man caused warmth and moisture, whereas
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  Speaker 1: it was plain that sitting down and keeping quiet helped
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  Speaker 1: the blood to freeze and the toes to mortify, calamities
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  Speaker 1: which really befell several of the men. As you yourselves
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  Speaker 1: are aware, I can imagine a third case, that of
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  Speaker 1: some stragglers stopping behind merely to rest for rest's sake,
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  Speaker 1: and hindering you in front and thus behind a light
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  Speaker 1: from pressing on the march. If he got a blow
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  Speaker 1: with the fist for me, it saved him a thrust
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  Speaker 1: with a lance from the enemy. In fact, the opportunity
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  Speaker 1: they enjoy to day of taking vengeance on me for
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  Speaker 1: any treatment which I put upon them wrongfully is derived
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  Speaker 1: from their salvation, then, whereas if they had fallen into
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  Speaker 1: the enemy's hands, let them ask themselves for what outrage,
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  Speaker 1: however great, they could expect to get satisfaction. Now, my defense,
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  Speaker 1: he continued, is simple. If I chastened any one for
• 17:00
  Speaker 1: his own good, I claim to suffer by the same
• 17:02
  Speaker 1: penalties as parents pay their children or masters their boys.
• 17:06
  Speaker 1: Does not the surgeon also caught her eyes and cut
• 17:08
  Speaker 1: us for our own good. But if you really believe
• 17:11
  Speaker 1: that these acts are the outcome of wanton insolence, I
• 17:14
  Speaker 1: beg you to observe that. Although to day, thank God,
• 17:17
  Speaker 1: I am heartier than formerly, I wear a bolder front
• 17:20
  Speaker 1: now than then, and I drink more wine, yet I
• 17:24
  Speaker 1: never strike a soul, no, for I see that you
• 17:26
  Speaker 1: have reached smooth water. When storm arises and a great
• 17:30
  Speaker 1: sea strikes the vessel amidships, a mere shake of the
• 17:33
  Speaker 1: head will make the look out man furious with the
• 17:35
  Speaker 1: crew in the forecastle, or the helmsman with the men
• 17:38
  Speaker 1: in the stern sheets. For at such a crisis, even
• 17:41
  Speaker 1: a slight slip may ruin everything. But I appeal to
• 17:44
  Speaker 1: your own verdict, already recorded in proof, that I was
• 17:47
  Speaker 1: justified in striking these men. You stood by sirs, with swords,
• 17:52
  Speaker 1: not voting tablets in your hands, and it was in
• 17:55
  Speaker 1: your power to aid the fellows if you liked, But
• 17:57
  Speaker 1: to speak the honest truth, you neither aided them, nor
• 18:00
  Speaker 1: did you join me in striking the disorderly. In other words,
• 18:04
  Speaker 1: you enabled any evilly disposed person among them to give
• 18:07
  Speaker 1: rain to his wantonness by your passivity. For if you
• 18:10
  Speaker 1: will be at pains to investigate, you will find that
• 18:13
  Speaker 1: those who were then most cowardly are the ringleaders to
• 18:16
  Speaker 1: day in brutality and outrage. There is Boiscus the boxer,
• 18:20
  Speaker 1: a Thessalaian. What a battle he fought, then to escape
• 18:23
  Speaker 1: carrying his shield, so tired was he. And to day
• 18:26
  Speaker 1: I am told he has stripped several citizens of Cotoria
• 18:29
  Speaker 1: of the clothes on their backs. If then you are wise,
• 18:32
  Speaker 1: you will treat this personage in a way the contrary
• 18:35
  Speaker 1: to that in which men treat dogs. A savage dog
• 18:38
  Speaker 1: is tied up on the day and loose at night.
• 18:41
  Speaker 1: But if you are wise, you will tie this fellow
• 18:43
  Speaker 1: up at night and only let him loose in the day.
• 18:46
  Speaker 1: But really, he added, it does surprise me with what keenness,
• 18:49
  Speaker 1: you remember and recount the times when I incurred the
• 18:52
  Speaker 1: hatred of some one, but some other occasions when I
• 18:55
  Speaker 1: eased the burden of winter and storm for any of you,
• 18:58
  Speaker 1: or beat off an enemy or hell to minister to
• 19:00
  Speaker 1: you in sickness, and want not a soul of you
• 19:03
  Speaker 1: remembers these, Or when for any noble deed done by
• 19:06
  Speaker 1: any of you, I praised the doer, and according to
• 19:09
  Speaker 1: my ability, did honor to this brave man. Or that
• 19:12
  Speaker 1: these things have slipped from your memories and are clean forgotten,
• 19:16
  Speaker 1: yet it were surely more noble, just and holy, sweeter
• 19:19
  Speaker 1: and kindlier to treasure the memory of good rather than
• 19:22
  Speaker 1: of evil. He ended, And then one after another of
• 19:26
  Speaker 1: the assembly got up and began recalling incidents of the
• 19:29
  Speaker 1: kind suggested, And things ended not so unpleasantly after all.
• 19:34
  Speaker 1: End of Book five