Latest / Broken Record with Rick Rubin, Malcolm Gladwell, Bruce Headlam and Justin Richmond / Sonny Rollins
Transcript
- 0:15Speaker 1: Pushkin. Twenty twenty four was a rough year for jazz.
- 0:23Speaker 1: A lot of legends were lost, from Quincy Jones to
- 0:25Speaker 1: Roy Haynes, Low Donaldson and Benny Golson. In fact, after
- 0:29Speaker 1: the passing of Benny Golson, only one person remains from
- 0:32Speaker 1: the iconic nineteen fifty eight photograph A Great Day in Harlem,
- 0:36Speaker 1: where dozens of jazz luminaries gathered together on a stoop
- 0:39Speaker 1: and Harlem to have a photograph taken to memorialize that era.
- 0:43Speaker 1: That person is with us today, the great Sonny Rollins.
- 0:48Speaker 1: Since I last spoke to Sonny Rollins on the program
- 0:50Speaker 1: a few years ago, a couple of interesting artifacts have surfaced.
- 0:53Speaker 1: One is the notebook that he kept while he was
- 0:56Speaker 1: in self imposed exile for music between nineteen fifty eight
- 0:59Speaker 1: and nineteen sixty one. Those were photocopied and made into
- 1:03Speaker 1: a wonderful book called The Notebooks of Sonny Rollins, where
- 1:05Speaker 1: you can get insight into what he was thinking about
- 1:07Speaker 1: at the time, both socially, politically and in terms of
- 1:11Speaker 1: his music. The other are some great live recordings of
- 1:14Speaker 1: Sonny in Europe. There was also a great biography published
- 1:17Speaker 1: about Sunny Rollins. Since we last spoke by Aidan Levy
- 1:20Speaker 1: called Saxophone Colossus The Life and Music of Sonny Rollins.
- 1:24Speaker 1: So though last year was a tough year for jazz,
- 1:26Speaker 1: I'm honored at the top of twenty twenty five to
- 1:28Speaker 1: bring you a conversation with a saxophone colossus himself, Sonny Rollins.
- 1:36Speaker 1: This is broken record liner notes for the digital age.
- 1:40Speaker 1: I'm justin Mitchman. We spoke a couple of years ago
- 1:48Speaker 1: and had a really nice conversation. But I guess since
- 1:51Speaker 1: that time, lots come out about you. There's been a
- 1:54Speaker 1: whole set of records that were previously just bootlegs, that
- 1:58Speaker 1: were sets of recordings from Europe in nineteen fifty nine
- 2:02Speaker 1: came out and those were really beautiful to listen to.
- 2:05Speaker 1: You had a biography come out, pretty substantial biography, and
- 2:09Speaker 1: a book of your notebooks curated and distilled down into
- 2:12Speaker 1: a book form.
- 2:15Speaker 2: Yeah yeah, So.
- 2:16Speaker 1: I thought, man, maybe maybe it'd be cool to have
- 2:18Speaker 1: another conversation and talk about some of the stuff.
- 2:22Speaker 2: Okay, well, I'm down for it. Whatever you think might
- 2:26Speaker 2: be important for you or anybody else to know. Give
- 2:33Speaker 2: for this shot.
- 2:36Speaker 1: First of all, you did it some pretty substantial interviews.
- 2:38Speaker 1: It appears to me from reading the book. For the book,
- 2:41Speaker 1: was that an enjoyable process to revisit the entirety of
- 2:45Speaker 1: your life the way you did well?
- 2:48Speaker 2: You know, as a guy that's been around so long,
- 2:53Speaker 2: if I have now you know which, who knows? I
- 2:57Speaker 2: never thought i'd be when there's a large steep of spanding.
- 3:01Speaker 2: But I've done a lot of interviews. I had a
- 3:06Speaker 2: lot of different times, man, But I'm not a guy
- 3:12Speaker 2: that likes to look back at my interviews.
- 3:17Speaker 1: Do you listen to old recordings of yourself anymore? No?
- 3:20Speaker 2: I don't listen to my records. I never have, and
- 3:26Speaker 2: which is not always good. I don't think that's good.
- 3:30Speaker 2: When I used to work with Mile, she used to
- 3:34Speaker 2: every night that we do a concert, he'd have it
- 3:39Speaker 2: recorded and come home and listen to it and therefore
- 3:47Speaker 2: knowing what he needed to do or needed to delete
- 3:52Speaker 2: or anything like that. I wish I had that type
- 3:56Speaker 2: of personality, but generally I'm always feeling that I'm not.
- 4:05Speaker 2: You know, Oh God, I hate to hear that, listen
- 4:08Speaker 2: to that that it played, I should have played that better,
- 4:12Speaker 2: blah blah blah. That's the type of personality that I
- 4:17Speaker 2: was damned with. U disfortunately do.
- 4:24Speaker 1: When Miles would listen back to those recordings, would you
- 4:27Speaker 1: have you and the rest of the band listen as well?
- 4:30Speaker 2: No, he would use that, I'm sure when he was
- 4:35Speaker 2: rehearsing the band, but it wasn't listening everybody listening. I
- 4:41Speaker 2: means he didn't need that. He listened to what he
- 4:44Speaker 2: thought should be happening. And that was said.
- 4:50Speaker 1: But having had the chance to look through some of
- 4:54Speaker 1: the pages of your notebooks that were you were keeping
- 4:57Speaker 1: from around nineteen fifty nine through the late sixties, it
- 5:03Speaker 1: does appear you were very meaningfully recording thoughts about your
- 5:09Speaker 1: plane and where you felt improvements could be made. So
- 5:13Speaker 1: there is a part of you that was already doing that,
- 5:17Speaker 1: it seems to me, but maybe just in a different
- 5:18Speaker 1: and a different way.
- 5:20Speaker 2: Well, I was being interviewed a lot, and I had
- 5:26Speaker 2: to make comments, but something if the record came out
- 5:31Speaker 2: and I had to talk about it. Yeah, I heard it,
- 5:36Speaker 2: whether it was on the radio or whatever, but I
- 5:40Speaker 2: didn't take it home myself and listen to it. That's
- 5:46Speaker 2: what I mean. But no, I'm when I said is
- 5:51Speaker 2: exactly correct. I'm not a guy that really listened. Two
- 5:57Speaker 2: things that I did more than once or twice to realize,
- 6:03Speaker 2: oh man, I really didn't like that.
- 6:05Speaker 1: Yeah, I want to ask about Freedom Sweet if you
- 6:08Speaker 1: don't mind, if you can recall what might have been
- 6:14Speaker 1: on your mind around nineteen fifty eight, shortly before you
- 6:20Speaker 1: take a bit of a sabbatical and you write and
- 6:24Speaker 1: record Freedom Suite. It's a stunning almost twenty minute piece.
- 6:29Speaker 1: That is the title song of the album as well,
- 6:33Speaker 1: and it seems like it stands out in your early
- 6:37Speaker 1: sort of catalog, just that there's nothing quite like that
- 6:40Speaker 1: in your early catalog to that date. And so I
- 6:42Speaker 1: was just curious if you can recall what was your
- 6:46Speaker 1: feeling around that time when that was composed.
- 6:48Speaker 2: Well, I have always been especially from that period, but
- 6:57Speaker 2: also from before. I was sort of very Pabeitico guy,
- 7:05Speaker 2: you know. And it's interesting out that there a lot
- 7:10Speaker 2: of of no young black musicians which have been out
- 7:19Speaker 2: that out that have been out you know, much more
- 7:24Speaker 2: recently than either. But when I was growing up, I
- 7:32Speaker 2: was born in Harlem. I used to go out when
- 7:36Speaker 2: I was I think about three years old with my grandmother.
- 7:43Speaker 2: My grandmother was an activist. She's very much interested in
- 7:49Speaker 2: traightening out the UH in a racial situation in Harlem
- 7:57Speaker 2: and in any place out the same exist today. I
- 8:00Speaker 2: didn't have to explain that to you, how to say
- 8:04Speaker 2: the situations. She was an activist. I think she was
- 8:09Speaker 2: a member of Marcus Garvey's group at one time.
- 8:13Speaker 1: Wow.
- 8:14Speaker 2: But anyway, she used to carry me with her watching
- 8:19Speaker 2: up and down at Lenox Favenue, for instance, and we
- 8:24Speaker 2: were complaining about one of the big department stots there
- 8:31Speaker 2: I think was called Ballooneberg's, which you know didn't allow
- 8:36Speaker 2: the black people to innser that the counters and other
- 8:40Speaker 2: kind of stuff. So I remember free Tom Mooney and
- 8:45Speaker 2: the Scotts Boy, the Scott'swell boys to has and you
- 8:51Speaker 2: know we're accused of rape and all that found out
- 8:57Speaker 2: something like the Central Park Cathy sometimes Okay, So I
- 9:04Speaker 2: was introduced to that period of activity. He had an early,
- 9:10Speaker 2: very very early age, and as I said, I was
- 9:14Speaker 2: the only one. My grandmother and myself. My mother was
- 9:19Speaker 2: in there, she said, in power of it. My brother
- 9:23Speaker 2: turned out to be a medical doctor, so he was busy,
- 9:28Speaker 2: although he did he was interested in music, but not
- 9:33Speaker 2: jazz music, so he ended up becoming an m day.
- 9:39Speaker 2: So he quit the music thing all together and my
- 9:43Speaker 2: sister just turned out to be a mother with two kids.
- 9:48Speaker 2: So what I'm saying is that my grandmother would carry me,
- 9:56Speaker 2: and that was I liked that. I made. Of course
- 9:58Speaker 2: I such a little baby, but I like that. And
- 10:03Speaker 2: then so I got to read people like W. E. B.
- 10:07Speaker 2: Do Boys and other people. You guys were into the
- 10:14Speaker 2: Black collaboration movement, and as I grew up and they
- 10:21Speaker 2: began I remember W. E. B. Duboys. Do you know
- 10:27Speaker 2: who he was?
- 10:29Speaker 1: Yeah, great scholar, activist, scholar of the construction.
- 10:33Speaker 2: So w the boys just say that if you ever
- 10:40Speaker 2: and he wasn't talking to me, he was talking to
- 10:42Speaker 2: anybody black. He said, if you ever got any place
- 10:47Speaker 2: in your field, whatever it was, that you should always
- 10:52Speaker 2: mention the fact that you were aware of the situation
- 10:57Speaker 2: in the United Okay. So when I got to the
- 11:04Speaker 2: point that I began make you records, I always used
- 11:11Speaker 2: boat from in there and I emigrated. I can't. Oh,
- 11:20Speaker 2: you know, I used to be a very good speaker
- 11:22Speaker 2: like this. But what happened with some time ago, about
- 11:27Speaker 2: a year ago, I had a very serious accident, and
- 11:31Speaker 2: that it has affected my rememberance, my thought rememberance. But actually,
- 11:39Speaker 2: do forgive me sometimes but whatever segment drug, I used
- 11:44Speaker 2: a lot of uh nebro ballad and I put them
- 11:49Speaker 2: my jazz records. You know, the libro natural I A'm from.
- 11:55Speaker 2: I put that on my albums a long time ago. Yeah,
- 12:00Speaker 2: but uh I think Kenny Dorham was im with me
- 12:03Speaker 2: and that. But so I've I've always done that in
- 12:08Speaker 2: my career. Yeah. So the Freedom Street, getting back to
- 12:13Speaker 2: your question, was all coming from that place. You know,
- 12:21Speaker 2: that's sort of what the Streedom Street was about, and
- 12:25Speaker 2: things of your nature. I've just always had that political
- 12:32Speaker 2: direction and myself, I read a book reci and it
- 12:38Speaker 2: was mentioning all of these guys that they were you know,
- 12:42Speaker 2: they were speaking optual, gold independent, lot of these younger
- 12:48Speaker 2: magician and I was a little bit said, wait, man,
- 12:54Speaker 2: where's me? I was doing this a long time ago.
- 12:57Speaker 1: Yeah.
- 12:58Speaker 2: Yeah, anyway, that's that's all on record. So that was
- 13:05Speaker 2: the Freedom Street.
- 13:07Speaker 1: You were mentioning a lot of the black ballads that
- 13:12Speaker 1: you would early on, including your sets. It's interesting to
- 13:16Speaker 1: me that kind of equal to those was your love
- 13:20Speaker 1: of show tunes or tunes that might have appeared I've
- 13:25Speaker 1: heard you talk about. You know, for instance, you've seen
- 13:28Speaker 1: the movie Swing Time when you were about six years old,
- 13:32Speaker 1: with Fredistaire and Ginger Rogers and a Fine Romance being
- 13:35Speaker 1: a song that I was stuck with you. Oh yeah,
- 13:38Speaker 1: how important were those sorts of songs to you as well?
- 13:42Speaker 2: Well? I don't know. I guess if you looked back,
- 13:46Speaker 2: you might say, real, see, how did you like that?
- 13:51Speaker 2: And still wanter change you with it? Sire. Tune was
- 13:55Speaker 2: sewed up, but didn't in those days. Our television was
- 14:01Speaker 2: the movie every week, so I had a chance to
- 14:09Speaker 2: ye a lot of Hollywood movie There was nothing in
- 14:15Speaker 2: jail with me. For instance. My favorite composer, and I
- 14:21Speaker 2: had many of them, but my favorite guy was Jerome
- 14:26Speaker 2: curR oh Man. Jerome Kerr is still my favorite of
- 14:32Speaker 2: those Hollywood composers, although I have many of them that
- 14:37Speaker 2: I admire, deegally, but Jerome Kern was a man by
- 14:43Speaker 2: the way. He did do the picture with Fred Mister
- 14:48Speaker 2: and Ginger Rogers.
- 14:50Speaker 1: Swing Time that was that was his tune of Fine
- 14:53Speaker 1: Romance and all those other songs.
- 14:54Speaker 2: Yeah yeah, all that stuff, all that and so many
- 14:59Speaker 2: of his helf so but there was never any things
- 15:03Speaker 2: that made those unaccessible in my I loved string Time
- 15:14Speaker 2: and such film as much as I hated the fact
- 15:20Speaker 2: that I couldn't go into Bloomberg SIT's with the big
- 15:24Speaker 2: department store on one hundred and twenty first Street, and
- 15:29Speaker 2: they were buying a soda or something at the bar.
- 15:35Speaker 2: You know, my musical and my sensitivity being moved by
- 15:42Speaker 2: these single's all the frame. Yeah, but I think different,
- 15:46Speaker 2: not to them, to somebody that might write there, I
- 15:51Speaker 2: make fall. They don't. They don't like jad. I've heard that.
- 15:57Speaker 2: I've heard the guy that prayed with Johnny Green, who
- 16:01Speaker 2: wrote A Body and Soul, I heard him tell me that, oh, well,
- 16:07Speaker 2: Johnny Green didn't like I jazzed Beopole, we'll playing its music,
- 16:14Speaker 2: you know, which to me, I wonder if that was
- 16:20Speaker 2: really true, because when Johnny Green was in college, he
- 16:26Speaker 2: had a group called the Hot Jazz. I mean, so
- 16:30Speaker 2: you know a lot of these guys who gave that
- 16:34Speaker 2: impression of, oh, our music is better than your music,
- 16:40Speaker 2: you know, that kind of stuff, which might dad have
- 16:42Speaker 2: really been true.
- 16:45Speaker 1: And then again, if Johnny Green didn't like you guys
- 16:49Speaker 1: playing his tunes, oh well, you know, maybe in a
- 16:56Speaker 1: sense all the better that you guys were doing it.
- 16:58Speaker 2: Then well I think it did. But whether he liked
- 17:03Speaker 2: it or not, nobody could play body and so like
- 17:07Speaker 2: Coleman Alkins, yeah that that was his uh masterpiece. Yeah,
- 17:13Speaker 2: but it really uh was perfect for jazz, like so
- 17:18Speaker 2: many of those films are anyway. I like everything that
- 17:24Speaker 2: makes uh beautiful musical sounds and uh beautiful musical people
- 17:32Speaker 2: and so it's all the same to me. I never
- 17:35Speaker 2: had a problem whenever personally to uh some of those
- 17:40Speaker 2: early movies. Bright the way when Lewis Armstrong did a
- 17:46Speaker 2: single in the movie. Now, evidently there's a lot of
- 17:50Speaker 2: people that they don't want that America. They want America
- 17:55Speaker 2: which is propagated, and that's that's okay. I mean, it's
- 18:01Speaker 2: not okay with me, but I uh, I had to
- 18:07Speaker 2: accept what they think because that's the way it has
- 18:12Speaker 2: turned out. But growing up, I appreciate you that Paul
- 18:19Speaker 2: Robeston and all that my really idols and I wanted
- 18:25Speaker 2: to be a red like human being without having to
- 18:32Speaker 2: be a black human being. It's so in itself for
- 18:36Speaker 2: so it all made sense to me. It still does.
- 18:42Speaker 2: I'm muddy enough to realize that there's history to always
- 18:47Speaker 2: people fighting each other. The stoop is fighting that they're fighting,
- 18:52Speaker 2: that they're fighting that and we haven't gotten to that
- 18:56Speaker 2: point yet, or I don't think we may ever get
- 19:01Speaker 2: to that point in this world, or I've made my
- 19:06Speaker 2: life for what it did. So I like Horded movies,
- 19:10Speaker 2: co music, and I love jazz, and uh really nothing
- 19:18Speaker 2: strange to my bad combination.
- 19:21Speaker 1: To me, did movies continue throughout your career to be
- 19:26Speaker 1: a source of inspiration to you?
- 19:29Speaker 2: Yes, up until the point that I stopped going to movies.
- 19:33Speaker 2: But yeah, I would say, I mean the American dream
- 19:39Speaker 2: was always in lil and racist and all of this
- 19:45Speaker 2: stuff somehow had never stopped me from liking, uh, finding
- 19:53Speaker 2: more fashion.
- 19:59Speaker 1: We'll be right back with more of a conversation with
- 20:01Speaker 1: Sonny Rollins after the break. You just said that the
- 20:08Speaker 1: American dream is always in you. What does that mean
- 20:11Speaker 1: to you?
- 20:13Speaker 2: Well, it means that there's a couder and there's a
- 20:17Speaker 2: natural good, like Duke Kellington settling. They asked Duke Kellington, Well, gee,
- 20:23Speaker 2: do what he thinks about this kind of music in
- 20:27Speaker 2: that and Douke was known to say there's only two
- 20:34Speaker 2: kinds of music, good music and bad music, and that
- 20:40Speaker 2: told it all.
- 20:41Speaker 1: Yeah, nothing else on that note. Would you mind if
- 20:45Speaker 1: I read to you an excerpt of something you wrote
- 20:48Speaker 1: in your journals from around nineteen fifty nine.
- 20:52Speaker 2: Okay, surprised me because I haven't read my journals or
- 21:02Speaker 2: my bigger book, so but go ahead.
- 21:06Speaker 1: Yeah, okay, great, Well, I'm sorry for this. Sets you
- 21:09Speaker 1: all let me know, but I think it's really beautiful.
- 21:13Speaker 1: You say, even if there are more brilliant quote unquote
- 21:18Speaker 1: jazz in the modern interpretations of the word, more brilliant
- 21:22Speaker 1: jazz artists and innovators among the quote unquote Negro race,
- 21:27Speaker 1: this in no way contradicts the quasi racial nature of jazz.
- 21:33Speaker 1: And mustn't we start speaking of music all caps and
- 21:37Speaker 1: not jazz? Cannot this be the same principle by which
- 21:41Speaker 1: people are deluded into divisions, divisions which are treacherously misleading
- 21:48Speaker 1: by their external manifestations. Who can deny that the greatest
- 21:53Speaker 1: of any music is of a oneness which transcends period, style, country,
- 22:00Speaker 1: et cetera. It is the same line of reasoning which
- 22:04Speaker 1: separates people on the basis of their physical impressions. To
- 22:09Speaker 1: be absorbed here is that any definition which seeks to
- 22:12Speaker 1: separate Bach from Miles Davis is defeating its own purpose
- 22:16Speaker 1: of clarification. Thus we shall now hereafter and henceforth integrate,
- 22:22Speaker 1: if you will, the word jazz into the word music.
- 22:26Speaker 1: The musings of Miles is then the bouncing of Bach,
- 22:29Speaker 1: both played against each other.
- 22:32Speaker 2: Oh well, okay, but you know, BET's exactly how I feel.
- 22:39Speaker 1: Yeah, it seems to be a core part of you
- 22:41Speaker 1: that believe because because just as you said now, you
- 22:43Speaker 1: wrote back in nineteen fifty nine, and the same in
- 22:47Speaker 1: the same way, that it's all one, not to be
- 22:50Speaker 1: discerned by period or style or country or race.
- 22:55Speaker 2: Oh no, I think so. But Bet may be a
- 22:58Speaker 2: little bit too, I don't know, heavenly or trum like that.
- 23:05Speaker 2: I mean, maybe the world is just not meant to
- 23:09Speaker 2: be like that. Maybe the world is meant to be
- 23:13Speaker 2: fighting and fighting all the time. But that's okay, that's
- 23:20Speaker 2: that I didn't make the world. I'm not God. So
- 23:24Speaker 2: if the world is the world is like this, be
- 23:28Speaker 2: it must be some reason that I I'm not attuned to.
- 23:37Speaker 2: I don't know everything, but the world has produced and
- 23:43Speaker 2: and jazz and the whole thing. If she wanted to
- 23:48Speaker 2: go further than talk about America, okay, I think that's
- 23:54Speaker 2: for America too. But evidently America is not all everybody
- 24:00Speaker 2: that should think like that, Richard. It's sad, but it's
- 24:06Speaker 2: it's bad like that's I have to disaccept it. And
- 24:10Speaker 2: I've seen people get along that's wintering. I've got a
- 24:16Speaker 2: lot of white friends. So that's what I think. For me,
- 24:24Speaker 2: with the great environment, my life was went playing music
- 24:30Speaker 2: and trying to get better. It wasn't I could have
- 24:34Speaker 2: been better, but I always loved it and I still
- 24:37Speaker 2: love it. Yeah, still love Coleman Hawkins and body and Soul,
- 24:43Speaker 2: and I still love Jerome Kern. I still love Nat
- 24:49Speaker 2: King Cold and the Trail Can Cold till.
- 24:54Speaker 1: Yeah.
- 24:55Speaker 2: Yeah. It was real base and right. So I mean
- 25:01Speaker 2: it's all good manterccy. At this point in my life
- 25:04Speaker 2: when and the last one standing, I want that to
- 25:10Speaker 2: be my epitheph. I love it all. I love it all.
- 25:17Speaker 1: You just referenced me the last man's standing as we're speaking.
- 25:20Speaker 1: You know, Benny Golson just passed away, right, and that
- 25:27Speaker 1: really does make you the last of that fine day
- 25:30Speaker 1: and Harlem photo. Yeah, which is astonishing.
- 25:34Speaker 2: It's trying to change. It's a good word. It is astonishing.
- 25:42Speaker 1: What came up in you when you when you heard
- 25:44Speaker 1: Benny Golson had left the planet.
- 25:47Speaker 2: Well, when it came down to Benny and myself at
- 25:52Speaker 2: that point, you know, I had thought it for me,
- 25:57Speaker 2: what isnt what? It didn't mean, It couldn't mean all that,
- 26:04Speaker 2: and one of us had to go. It's okay. I mean,
- 26:08Speaker 2: you know, my time is probably quite soon now, I guess.
- 26:16Speaker 2: But you know, I feel okay about it. I haven't
- 26:20Speaker 2: done everything I wanted to do, but I guess the
- 26:27Speaker 2: fact that you're interviewing me here, and so I guess
- 26:32Speaker 2: I've done some things. I've got some things right. That
- 26:36Speaker 2: everything right, I've got some things right that I can
- 26:39Speaker 2: be grateful for. I do have a very strong situal
- 26:46Speaker 2: connection in my life now, and as you know, I've
- 26:52Speaker 2: been into Eastern religion for a long time now, so
- 26:59Speaker 2: you know that makes things really okay. You know, so
- 27:05Speaker 2: whatever comes paid, it's okay.
- 27:09Speaker 1: Do you have a daily spiritual practice these days?
- 27:13Speaker 2: Well, yes, I do, but it's it's not like a
- 27:17Speaker 2: prayer or something like that. I do say prayers, but
- 27:22Speaker 2: not a specific prayer. You know. I went to India
- 27:27Speaker 2: back in the sixties and I got some information there
- 27:32Speaker 2: from some people that had something to say that interested me.
- 27:39Speaker 2: I wanted to know about should I be practicing and
- 27:45Speaker 2: playing and uh, you know with it. In other words,
- 27:49Speaker 2: wasn't oh okay what my life was at that time?
- 27:54Speaker 2: And they got assurance that it was okay. I needed
- 28:01Speaker 2: that assurance. I received it from some beautiful people on
- 28:06Speaker 2: not over there. So yes, that spirituality he had as off.
- 28:14Speaker 2: Now I'm so happy that I did begin studying Eastern religion.
- 28:23Speaker 2: I did that when I followed this guy powered my
- 28:28Speaker 2: Hunter Yoga Nanda Autobiography of a Yogi, which is a
- 28:34Speaker 2: very popular book. And I read that book and that
- 28:39Speaker 2: boy I got to find out about this. And I
- 28:45Speaker 2: had went to California wanting to meet the power Hunter
- 28:52Speaker 2: over night. He had just passed over it. But so
- 28:57Speaker 2: I didn't meet him. But I realized, well, look I'm
- 29:00Speaker 2: going to India because it's something here. And I got
- 29:07Speaker 2: a bag and my own and I went to India.
- 29:13Speaker 2: Wow paid off. So glad I did it and learned something.
- 29:19Speaker 1: And you passed it to us. You know in your music,
- 29:22Speaker 1: your music always feels very spiritually elevated, you know, just
- 29:27Speaker 1: in terms of the biographical details of your life. That's
- 29:29Speaker 1: something that people are very interested in, and so it's
- 29:32Speaker 1: something that's a gift that you've given all of us.
- 29:34Speaker 1: So thank you so much.
- 29:36Speaker 2: Well, there's so much for saying that I ain't loved. Man,
- 29:42Speaker 2: I'm not my biggest fan, so I'm not a guy
- 29:46Speaker 2: that think that, Oh I'm strunning. Wrong, we get out
- 29:50Speaker 2: of here. I'm not my biggest friend at all. That's
- 29:55Speaker 2: how we started the conversation about listening to my own
- 30:00Speaker 2: music and all that. Yeah, but I didn't get it
- 30:04Speaker 2: at all. But I made an impression, and I think
- 30:11Speaker 2: I've learned something. I'm glad that some people have appreciated
- 30:17Speaker 2: some of my work. Yeah, but I'm very happy by
- 30:21Speaker 2: be but not that I appreciated it, but that I
- 30:27Speaker 2: enabled them to get it, which validated me. Because you know,
- 30:34Speaker 2: I'm not my biggest fan. Yeah, if you come to
- 30:37Speaker 2: my house, you won't find a portrait of me all
- 30:42Speaker 2: over the walls.
- 30:44Speaker 1: Okay, yeah, I get that sense. You do not appear
- 30:50Speaker 1: to be that person.
- 30:51Speaker 2: Oh god, okay, I'm try from that kid.
- 30:59Speaker 1: Last time I spoke, I neglected to ask you about
- 31:03Speaker 1: Rufus Harley bagpipe player. Right, what are you remembering of him?
- 31:09Speaker 1: And he's playing.
- 31:12Speaker 2: I always loved Ruverson playing. When I heard him playing,
- 31:18Speaker 2: I know he played saxophone before Yeah, he got into
- 31:22Speaker 2: the backpacks. But anyway, he was a great magician. I
- 31:27Speaker 2: think I had a great concert in New York, got
- 31:32Speaker 2: at Town Hall with Dissy Gelesbie, Charlie Mingers, Rulfa Sorry,
- 31:42Speaker 2: and myself. I forgot so that. That was my wife,
- 31:48Speaker 2: my their departed wife, Lucil, who convinced all of those
- 31:56Speaker 2: sep up to make that concert because one of the
- 32:00Speaker 2: people had dropped out and that was a important concert
- 32:08Speaker 2: just for my reputation, all that kind of stuff. And
- 32:13Speaker 2: she got Mingus. She was a good friends with Mngus's
- 32:17Speaker 2: wife for Shu, and so she got Mingus, which is
- 32:24Speaker 2: not easy to get Mngus to do something he doesn't
- 32:27Speaker 2: want to do. And then she got Dizzy come and
- 32:33Speaker 2: make that show that night.
- 32:35Speaker 1: And of course you and Dizzy were great friends. Did
- 32:38Speaker 1: you and Mingus get along?
- 32:40Speaker 2: Oh yeah, I mean as much as as one would
- 32:45Speaker 2: get along with Mingus. We had a little trouble in
- 32:49Speaker 2: the beginning because Mingus didn't know me and I was
- 32:55Speaker 2: playing in one of the clubs and he was playing
- 32:59Speaker 2: at And you know, there's something that Max Roach and
- 33:04Speaker 2: Mingus is to I guess other guys that I didn't
- 33:07Speaker 2: know because I was a young guy coming on to
- 33:11Speaker 2: the seat. If there were two people on the bill
- 33:16Speaker 2: and Mingus would get on the stage, they'd play the
- 33:21Speaker 2: whole night, the whole night. Max would do that too.
- 33:25Speaker 2: I've seen Max do that due to guys. So it's
- 33:30Speaker 2: kind of but you know, you have to accept it.
- 33:36Speaker 2: I did, but i'd got back at Mingus one time
- 33:40Speaker 2: at the Village Vanguard, who and Mingus didn't play? And
- 33:45Speaker 2: Max god and call me up and I said sure,
- 33:50Speaker 2: and I came up and that sort of whut a
- 33:54Speaker 2: little ref between Mingus and I. Let's see who was
- 34:01Speaker 2: this guy? Uh through a baraka? Oh yeah, do you
- 34:06Speaker 2: know him?
- 34:07Speaker 1: Yeah? Yeah, I'm married yea the critic writer, critic.
- 34:11Speaker 2: Right, he was in the club, and they all thought
- 34:15Speaker 2: that I would sort of use surping, you know, Mingus,
- 34:21Speaker 2: him and everything to play that gig, which would have
- 34:26Speaker 2: been his gig. But it gave me a change to
- 34:32Speaker 2: get back at Mingus. And after that, Mingus and I
- 34:37Speaker 2: became close friends.
- 34:42Speaker 1: Were you around his drummer, Danny Richmond Munch? I always
- 34:45Speaker 1: found it interesting that he really never played with many
- 34:49Speaker 1: other drum I mean, I think I can think of
- 34:51Speaker 1: Max roachs a bit, but I always thought that was
- 34:55Speaker 1: such a funny parent great pairing though musically, But no.
- 34:59Speaker 2: I never got a change to pray with Danny Richmond.
- 35:04Speaker 2: Danny Richmond was always with Mingers, fevered, and I never
- 35:11Speaker 2: got a chance to hardly No, Dad Richard, but no,
- 35:18Speaker 2: unfortunately we never played together. Okay, I'm sure it would
- 35:23Speaker 2: have been very rockad, but I never did get a
- 35:29Speaker 2: chance of private.
- 35:30Speaker 1: Yeah that it would have been interesting to hear you
- 35:32Speaker 1: past together, for sure. Yeah, unique player, he was, as
- 35:37Speaker 1: are you.
- 35:39Speaker 2: Yeah, oh yeah, No, No, I enjoyed his work, but
- 35:45Speaker 2: I only heard him with Mingers. You know.
- 35:49Speaker 1: Yeah, you wound up doing a couple of Stevie tunes,
- 35:54Speaker 1: but you definitely did. Isn't she lovely at a certain point? Right,
- 35:59Speaker 1: What did you make of the music of Stevie Wonder?
- 36:02Speaker 2: Well, I think Stevie Wonder is great. I mean, Stevie
- 36:06Speaker 2: Wonder had that come and touch, if I can put
- 36:13Speaker 2: it that way. So he certainly was the person that
- 36:17Speaker 2: appealed to the I want to use another term now,
- 36:24Speaker 2: which you understand that he appealed to the hip hop generation.
- 36:31Speaker 2: But he was also a really great, profound musician who
- 36:41Speaker 2: was there for everybody. He was just extremely talented that
- 36:48Speaker 2: he had those kind of chops. Yeah, I don't know
- 36:54Speaker 2: anything I was going one day. Gear. I wouldn't have
- 36:57Speaker 2: he ever played with Miles.
- 37:03Speaker 1: That's a good question. I'm not sure.
- 37:05Speaker 2: Yeah, I don't think so. And what they would think
- 37:08Speaker 2: of each other, that would be what I would would wonder.
- 37:13Speaker 2: Would they appreciate each other?
- 37:18Speaker 1: You know, there was now that you mentioned it isn't
- 37:22Speaker 1: going to say about Stevie wasn't so nice, but yeah,
- 37:28Speaker 1: he said, Stevie wondered, Now, now there's a sad motherfucker.
- 37:32Speaker 1: He thinks I stole Michael Henderson from him, which I
- 37:36Speaker 1: guess was just a player, you know, was a player, No, my.
- 37:43Speaker 2: Complete character from age to say.
- 37:47Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, When I was reading through your Saxophone Colossus
- 37:53Speaker 1: biography and it got to the section where you played
- 37:57Speaker 1: a few songs on the Rolling Stones album, and that
- 38:00Speaker 1: chapter sort of talked a bit about how that happened
- 38:03Speaker 1: and sort of your thoughts about it and the thoughts
- 38:06Speaker 1: of others about it. And the response is interesting because
- 38:12Speaker 1: I think some people really enjoy that work. Other people
- 38:18Speaker 1: may be viewed it as an inauthentic move. I was
- 38:23Speaker 1: just wondering the idea of authenticity in jazz music through
- 38:29Speaker 1: the sixties and seventies and eighties. Was that something that
- 38:32Speaker 1: you spent a lot of time thinking about.
- 38:35Speaker 2: Well, I did, and actually my wife convinced me to
- 38:42Speaker 2: make that album. They finally had a way that that
- 38:49Speaker 2: jazz musicians from the States could play in England. They
- 38:56Speaker 2: had a band for some unions all right. Anyway, finally
- 39:02Speaker 2: they began playing and using British traditions, playing with people
- 39:09Speaker 2: getting up, following over there and everything like that. Somehow
- 39:15Speaker 2: I found out that men Jagon wanted me to play
- 39:20Speaker 2: in one of their records. So my reaction was that
- 39:29Speaker 2: I thought that that would be a come down for
- 39:33Speaker 2: me to do that, and I really had to argue
- 39:39Speaker 2: with my wife about that, so she convinced me to
- 39:45Speaker 2: do it. But to me, it was a come down
- 39:50Speaker 2: to do that.
- 39:51Speaker 1: Is that because it felt inauthentic to you or for
- 39:55Speaker 1: some other reason.
- 39:58Speaker 2: Well, it didn't. Jeet was of a higher level than
- 40:05Speaker 2: the blues that they were playing. Yeah, that's all. I mean,
- 40:11Speaker 2: there wasn't anything except that.
- 40:14Speaker 3: Now, I mean, come on, you, what do you want
- 40:17Speaker 3: you want to hit Charlie Parker or would you want
- 40:21Speaker 3: to hear uh into those guys understand.
- 40:25Speaker 2: Yes, so that's the way I was putting out completely.
- 40:30Speaker 1: Yeah, but then the the Beatles and Stevie Wonder as
- 40:34Speaker 1: popular musicians felt much more on a similar plane, at
- 40:39Speaker 1: least to you.
- 40:41Speaker 2: Yes, and in the terms of uh, the Beatles that
- 40:45Speaker 2: have a more rounded repertoire and sewing than the Romans showings. Yeah, okay,
- 40:56Speaker 2: the Roman Stones did ask me to do the tour
- 41:03Speaker 2: of that record that they had put out that I
- 41:06Speaker 2: would throwing tattoo.
- 41:10Speaker 1: Yeah, that's it. After this last break, we'll be back
- 41:13Speaker 1: with the rest of my conversation with Sonny Robins. Would
- 41:21Speaker 1: you say, in a sense the different classes of saxophone
- 41:25Speaker 1: players from alto soprano, alto tenor baritone, I mean, were
- 41:29Speaker 1: those almost like weight classes in boxing in a sense.
- 41:33Speaker 2: Well, tenor saxophone took the prime feet because at one
- 41:43Speaker 2: time we had some beautiful Of course, we had the
- 41:47Speaker 2: great Charlie Parker, the Beaba Up Originator, and that really
- 41:56Speaker 2: shook everything up for a while. But then came the
- 42:01Speaker 2: tender Place, whole Train, Pitture, Gordon and what l Gray,
- 42:11Speaker 2: all these people, this guy's Funny Rowins, all these guys
- 42:17Speaker 2: so the Tender became the folkrom.
- 42:21Speaker 1: I would say, it's almost as if because Charlie Parker
- 42:26Speaker 1: on Alto was just so groundbreaking and just so revered
- 42:32Speaker 1: that it almost in hindsight appears that everyone just kind
- 42:35Speaker 1: of took a different path after this, like maybe we
- 42:38Speaker 1: need to steer clear of the Alto And could that
- 42:41Speaker 1: have been what sort of made so many great players
- 42:44Speaker 1: coalesce around tenor.
- 42:47Speaker 2: We also had the great Coleman Hawkins, a great Lester Young,
- 42:56Speaker 2: the great Ben Webster. Yeah, they're great, Showberry. These are
- 43:01Speaker 2: some great, great players. Now this led Charlie Parker have
- 43:08Speaker 2: it because Charlie Parker did what he did, which was
- 43:12Speaker 2: beyond instrumentation, So he was always Charlie Parker or Altough,
- 43:19Speaker 2: but Tender began to take pretty dominant position. We all
- 43:28Speaker 2: know we couldn't beat Charlie Parker, but we could be
- 43:33Speaker 2: less to Young h the great, great great rest to Young. Yeah,
- 43:40Speaker 2: so they each had their own place out though. Of
- 43:44Speaker 2: course we had Johnny Hodges, the great great auto player
- 43:50Speaker 2: from Duke Elgin's cooop, and we had Benny Carter, another
- 43:58Speaker 2: great great Alto player. If you played altough great like
- 44:03Speaker 2: these guys said, well, you would set nobody is going
- 44:09Speaker 2: to mess with Benny Carter. They could admit and my
- 44:13Speaker 2: him admit that he was first christ right. And when
- 44:20Speaker 2: it came to ten and wall I February had a
- 44:23Speaker 2: lot of feeble. My favorite the great Coleman Hawkins, but
- 44:31Speaker 2: also my other favorite was the great Less to Him,
- 44:37Speaker 2: both extremely different than this style for fill so so great.
- 44:46Speaker 1: I just had a point of clarification. I read one place,
- 44:49Speaker 1: but I haven't been able to find it anywhere else
- 44:51Speaker 1: that you did play in Lionelhampton's band in the early fifties.
- 44:56Speaker 1: Did you ever play in Hampton's band when Quincy Jones
- 45:00Speaker 1: was in the band? No, no, okay.
- 45:04Speaker 2: I didn't have a lot of big band experience because
- 45:08Speaker 2: just as I getting to be extremely famous, I started
- 45:14Speaker 2: playing with Small Ghost and so the big brands. In
- 45:21Speaker 2: a way, I am missed opportunity, but time just brought
- 45:28Speaker 2: me to be the one I never pardon with these guys.
- 45:31Speaker 1: Yeah, what did you make of Quincy Jones? Because he's
- 45:34Speaker 1: someone who started in jazz and it never seemed to
- 45:37Speaker 1: leave him. It seemed like he always had a deep
- 45:40Speaker 1: love of jazz throughout his life, but would often go
- 45:43Speaker 1: out into other areas of music.
- 45:46Speaker 2: Well, Quincy had a very wide relationship for jazz. I
- 45:55Speaker 2: remember when I first met Clint. We was playing in
- 46:00Speaker 2: Philadelphia and we were trying to get the last tray
- 46:05Speaker 2: coming to New York and get that last strain after
- 46:12Speaker 2: the last show his Philadelphia. Wow. Well boy, then you
- 46:18Speaker 2: rushed down to the station and to get that chrain.
- 46:22Speaker 2: Sometimes you caught it, sometimes you didn't. I remember with
- 46:26Speaker 2: Quincher he didn't catch it one night, a real uh
- 46:32Speaker 2: pain in the neck productive at the strain belly, Oh
- 46:37Speaker 2: at night. Good boy. He had a lot of composition
- 46:42Speaker 2: and winch He definitely made an impression.
- 46:47Speaker 1: It seemed at first he really did want to be
- 46:49Speaker 1: an ace trumpet player, but at some point realized, well
- 46:53Speaker 1: I have all these other things that I like and
- 46:55Speaker 1: can do composing and arranging. And he did manage to
- 47:00Speaker 1: find his place, you know, even if it wasn't the
- 47:03Speaker 1: initial thing he set out for.
- 47:05Speaker 2: Yeah, I think that he wouldn't be filled that player.
- 47:10Speaker 2: I'm not certain, but she was. When I first got
- 47:17Speaker 2: involved with the Quince, he was playing trumpet in Diysy
- 47:23Speaker 2: Chalstree's orchestra. No I've never heard of him played trump
- 47:27Speaker 2: and half the best. I guess he began composer and
- 47:32Speaker 2: pay that took over.
- 47:34Speaker 1: Yeah.
- 47:38Speaker 2: Yeah, he's a terrific a musician to listen musician.
- 47:43Speaker 1: Did you guys keep in touch over the years.
- 47:46Speaker 2: Yeah, meet Quincey a lot of times at the White
- 47:51Speaker 2: House and places like that when he both be selected
- 47:57Speaker 2: at being extraordinary musician.
- 48:02Speaker 1: So yeah, you guys received the Presidential Medal of Freedom
- 48:04Speaker 1: from Barack Obama.
- 48:06Speaker 2: Yeah, and Quincey was probably the day. Yeah, I uh
- 48:13Speaker 2: remember one time I stay at the Fourth Seasons in
- 48:17Speaker 2: New York and he came Quincy. This was the time
- 48:22Speaker 2: of nine and eleven. Quincy came in with some other
- 48:28Speaker 2: people and the head on this in head the workers June.
- 48:35Speaker 2: So I gets through the writing something that had to
- 48:38Speaker 2: do with ninety eleven or something. But he wrote some
- 48:43Speaker 2: kind of music, probably commemorate. Yes, had a terrible incident
- 48:51Speaker 2: that happened to it.
- 48:52Speaker 1: Now, what about lou Donaldson?
- 48:55Speaker 2: Did you cross past Lord Donaldson? Lord Donaldson was one
- 49:02Speaker 2: of my best saxophone this He was just a wonderful
- 49:10Speaker 2: a person, you know, as well as great The months
- 49:14Speaker 2: of days i't talking about had great, great talent, but
- 49:19Speaker 2: they were all twelve wonderful people that thought so great
- 49:25Speaker 2: about Chads. All of these guys were wonderful people. Loud Donaldson,
- 49:32Speaker 2: I wrote something I loved thing after he passed because
- 49:37Speaker 2: I felt so close to low But I never got
- 49:41Speaker 2: a change to see him in later years. But I
- 49:45Speaker 2: felt so close to because they were good friends in
- 49:50Speaker 2: the early years when he first came on the scene.
- 49:55Speaker 2: And uh, we knew each other the way back when
- 50:00Speaker 2: we used to follow a New York child had the
- 50:04Speaker 2: polo ground to New York. Wow, privilege drive into known,
- 50:13Speaker 2: Lord donalds mm hmm. While we're here, you better try
- 50:20Speaker 2: to be ready to be judged by something some way,
- 50:28Speaker 2: who knows where. But you let me judge. You met
- 50:32Speaker 2: me a good guy. I've seen guys that were not
- 50:37Speaker 2: so good, and I've seen some good guys anyway, Lord
- 50:45Speaker 2: Donald's ape us. Yeah.
- 50:50Speaker 1: After Quincy passed away, there was a quote circulating where
- 50:53Speaker 1: he said that early on he learned that your music
- 50:56Speaker 1: can ever be more or less than who you are
- 50:57Speaker 1: as a human being. And your comment that so many
- 51:02Speaker 1: of these jazz guys and guys were beautiful human beings,
- 51:06Speaker 1: I mean, the reason that I feel it seems it
- 51:10Speaker 1: must be the reason it's been able to last as
- 51:12Speaker 1: long as it has is because of the spirit that's
- 51:15Speaker 1: imbued in it from it's practitioners. It's really you guys
- 51:19Speaker 1: are really trying to relate to the human condition as
- 51:23Speaker 1: closely as you possibly could, you know, And it feels
- 51:26Speaker 1: that way still.
- 51:27Speaker 2: Yeah, I don't know how it happened, but I mean,
- 51:32Speaker 2: I guess that's how it happened. We were so close
- 51:36Speaker 2: to the human condition through music is pretty great thing.
- 51:43Speaker 2: All of the guys I know who had a well
- 51:47Speaker 2: known musician were very nice people, very nice people. But
- 51:55Speaker 2: wasn't all of this stuff for gree Suddenly now you're
- 51:59Speaker 2: competing with this guy or in all this that was
- 52:04Speaker 2: not on. Once we played together, they realize, Man, this
- 52:10Speaker 2: guy must have really studied. He had a great natural
- 52:17Speaker 2: ability that only God give us. And yet there were
- 52:22Speaker 2: beautiful people. I wish there was something else besides that.
- 52:28Speaker 2: There's hull of fame to under these people from what
- 52:33Speaker 2: they are, from what they had to go through. They
- 52:36Speaker 2: were accepted in America. It took a while before everybody realized, wow,
- 52:45Speaker 2: we get that artistry. And now you know who was there.
- 52:51Speaker 2: Lou Donaldson's on Oh man, well it's stunistain. You know,
- 52:59Speaker 2: it's life. I don't control life. I just try to
- 53:04Speaker 2: live it right.
- 53:05Speaker 1: Well, we don't control we just experienced it. But it
- 53:07Speaker 1: does feel you know. Yeah, I mean since we spoke,
- 53:09Speaker 1: we lost those people and and and and also including
- 53:12Speaker 1: Roy Haynes.
- 53:13Speaker 2: You know Roy Haynes, the guy that I never thought
- 53:20Speaker 2: would not be here. Yeah, well at least I thought
- 53:25Speaker 2: tithing out of Hanley, for he would.
- 53:29Speaker 4: It's all they played with different order, first chairs honors
- 53:35Speaker 4: and uh he handswered the wonderful person out and and
- 53:41Speaker 4: uh through the great honor.
- 53:44Speaker 2: No. Roy had to play with them on many occasions,
- 53:49Speaker 2: the uh great much of my music that I played,
- 53:55Speaker 2: I remember I did some nation of things and Roy
- 54:00Speaker 2: was there right on it and then help. I want
- 54:05Speaker 2: to thank Roy. Yes in faith I've been doing before,
- 54:12Speaker 2: I wouldn't do it now, man, thanks joys to being
- 54:17Speaker 2: being a great guy. Life is really I had to
- 54:22Speaker 2: go one dementia. We don't know much about it.
- 54:27Speaker 1: Do you feel as time goes on you get more
- 54:29Speaker 1: comfortable with it not knowing?
- 54:31Speaker 2: Oh? Yes I do. I do. Because I tried to
- 54:38Speaker 2: get more like a spiritual understanding of life. I have
- 54:44Speaker 2: learned a lot and it's comforted me through my uh
- 54:52Speaker 2: period of light. I'm just sorry I couldn't hang I
- 54:57Speaker 2: was telling my friends. But by being a musician, I've
- 55:02Speaker 2: reached a lot of people which I couldn't reach other
- 55:08Speaker 2: other than the your music. Yeah, and they hearing my music.
- 55:13Speaker 2: So I'm grateful, absolutely grateful, And whatever it is I'll
- 55:21Speaker 2: say soon I can send there for whole good. Whatever
- 55:28Speaker 2: happened to me in my life, with what has happened
- 55:33Speaker 2: to me and what's going to happen to me, it's
- 55:37Speaker 2: all good. Boy, have I have I been but enormous by.
- 55:46Speaker 1: Well, thank you so much. I mean again, I would,
- 55:49Speaker 1: you know, love to give you a ring another time
- 55:51Speaker 1: and maybe were gonna have another conversation. He's a really
- 55:53Speaker 1: enlightening so thank you so much.
- 55:56Speaker 2: Well, remember though I'm one of the last guys standing, well,
- 56:01Speaker 2: I am the last guy say so. It's a cop,
- 56:06Speaker 2: you know. Don't wait too long.
- 56:10Speaker 1: All right, Thank you so much, sir.
- 56:13Speaker 2: Okay man, God bless, I'll talk to you later.
- 56:18Speaker 1: Thanks so much for Sunny Rollins, for getting on the
- 56:20Speaker 1: phone with me and reflecting back about some of his
- 56:22Speaker 1: colleagues and about his life and art. I'm so grateful
- 56:25Speaker 1: that we still have him here at the age of
- 56:28Speaker 1: ninety four. Be sure to follow us on Instagram at
- 56:31Speaker 1: the Broken Record Pod. You can follow us on Twitter
- 56:34Speaker 1: at broken Record. Broken Record is produced and edited by
- 56:38Speaker 1: Leah Rose, with marketing help from Eric Sandler and Jordan McMillan.
- 56:41Speaker 1: Our engineer is Ben Tolladay. Broken Record is a production
- 56:45Speaker 1: of Pushkin Industries. If you love this show and others
- 56:49Speaker 1: from Pushkin, consider subscribing to Pushkin Plus. Pushkin Plus is
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- 57:00Speaker 1: on Apple podcast subscriptions, and if you like this show,
- 57:04Speaker 1: please remember to share, rate, and review us on your
- 57:06Speaker 1: podcast aff Our theme music's by Kenny Beats. I'm justin Richmond.