Latest / Made of Stars / The Sun and the Moon and Iceland

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The Sun and the Moon and Iceland · Made of Stars

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  Speaker 1: Warning. The following podcast contains an entertaining look at astronomy, physics,
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  Speaker 1: and space news throughout the known universe. Listeners have been
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  Speaker 1: known to learn about astronomical phenomenon, the scientific method, and
• 0:10
  Speaker 1: expand to vocabulary to include terms like quasar, asterism and uranus. Listen,
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  Speaker 1: that's your own risk.
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  Speaker 2: Go ahead.
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  Speaker 3: When made of stars, medium stars, madies. When made of stars,
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  Speaker 3: you could be from high they would New Mexicomus.
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  Speaker 2: Where a.
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  Speaker 4: Stars? When we are made of stars.
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  Speaker 5: I'm Wes Carol, joined by my good friend doctor Sean Cruising,
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  Speaker 5: executive director at Columbus State University's Coca Cola Space Science Center.
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  Speaker 2: Hey Sean, Hey, well, it's good to be here today.
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  Speaker 5: And also, you know, a professor's back to school now right,
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  Speaker 5: you're it is? It is teaching, teaching some astronomy and things.
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  Speaker 2: Very fortunately, because of the busyness of my schedule, I
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  Speaker 2: am not teaching this semester.
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  Speaker 4: Oh wow, okay, I've got.
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  Speaker 2: A semester break, which I get, you know, here and
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  Speaker 2: there because of my administrative role. But the reason that
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  Speaker 2: that's fortunate this year is because we are in a
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  Speaker 2: very critical planning period for our new facility, and so
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  Speaker 2: if people don't know that the Coca Cola Space Science
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  Speaker 2: Center is going to be moving into a new facility.
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  Speaker 5: We are.
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  Speaker 2: That is in a phase where we're working with the
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  Speaker 2: architects right now, but we are even concluding that phase
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  Speaker 2: and groundbreaking. Well, it could be coming up soon ish,
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  Speaker 2: So I can't really talk about a date for that,
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  Speaker 2: but soon ish, soon enough that it's probably a good
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  Speaker 2: thing that I'm not teaching this semester. All of those
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  Speaker 2: things coming together. And friends, let me just tell you
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  Speaker 2: that for the city of Columbus, Georgia, for the region
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  Speaker 2: of the southeastern United States, we are building a facility
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  Speaker 2: that's dedicated to emerging technologies, which include robotics, space tech,
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  Speaker 2: and management, and also AI, cybersecurity and a variety of
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  Speaker 2: other things. They're going to be there's going to be
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  Speaker 2: a nexus point created for all of those things in
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  Speaker 2: a new facility where we combine our Coca Cola Space
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  Speaker 2: Science Center Museum with our robotics engineering program and have
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  Speaker 2: overlap with other of the emerging tech programs on the
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  Speaker 2: Columbus State University campus. And I'm very excited about playing
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  Speaker 2: a key role in that new set of programs. And
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  Speaker 2: then Space Science Center moving to a newer and larger
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  Speaker 2: facility where we will put our iconic quarterscale engineering prototype
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  Speaker 2: of the Space Shuttle on display. That is going to
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  Speaker 2: be a fantastic artifact for people to come and see.
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  Speaker 2: It's going to be positioned in the vertical stack position,
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  Speaker 2: It's going to be about five stories tall. So all
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  Speaker 2: of these things are just really exceptional add on to
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  Speaker 2: what we have currently at the Space Science Center. And
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  Speaker 2: we'll be doing that in a brand new facility. So
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  Speaker 2: all very exciting times here at CSU's Coca Cola Space
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  Speaker 2: Science Center.
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  Speaker 5: And I mean you mentioned the Shuttle, and it's when
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  Speaker 5: you think about artifacts that you guys already have in house,
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  Speaker 5: that's one that you've been waiting for the right opportunity
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  Speaker 5: to put it on display. And it is just going
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  Speaker 5: to take things to another level when you have it
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  Speaker 5: out on display.
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  Speaker 2: Yeah, it really is. And again, we simply could not
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  Speaker 2: house that artifact in our facility that we have now.
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  Speaker 5: It wasn't for lack of trying.
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  Speaker 2: I know, well, in any in any scenario, there was
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  Speaker 2: going to have to be some construction, right right, And
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  Speaker 2: so that was that was the you know, the key
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  Speaker 2: over these last several years, like how how do we
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  Speaker 2: best optimize that and how do we make it the
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  Speaker 2: greatest bang for the buck for Columbus State University and
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  Speaker 2: for Columbus Georgia. And so all of those decision making
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  Speaker 2: factors went into what we're ultimately coming up with again,
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  Speaker 2: this Nexus Facility for Encouraging the next generation of scientists, engineers,
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  Speaker 2: science educators, and communicators. That's going to be the brand
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  Speaker 2: new Space Science Center Columbus State University in the Nexus
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  Speaker 2: Facility for Emerging Technologies at Columbus State University.
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  Speaker 5: It's an exciting time and I get to hear about
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  Speaker 5: it from you, and I also get to hear about
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  Speaker 5: it from some of the fundraising people, so it's you know,
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  Speaker 5: I get I get it from a couple of perspectives,
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  Speaker 5: and I'm really excited about it, and I know you
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  Speaker 5: guys are looking forward to it. Some time still has
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  Speaker 5: to take place to get it the groundbreaking and get
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  Speaker 5: it built, but it is something really to look forward to,
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  Speaker 5: and you've done a good job on selling it, and
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  Speaker 5: I just hope folks can appreciate what's coming because it
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  Speaker 5: is going to be fantastic.
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  Speaker 2: You know, all of these efforts are team efforts, and
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  Speaker 2: fortunately we have a really talented team of a lot
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  Speaker 2: of very great individuals with lots of skills. We're bringing
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  Speaker 2: those skills to bear to make this a reality. And yes,
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  Speaker 2: that does include somebody that you know very.
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  Speaker 5: Well, that I know very well. Yes, you've got one
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  Speaker 5: very beautiful woman that's doing that that I can speak to.
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  Speaker 5: Let's talk about the uh my wife, by the way,
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  Speaker 5: in case anybody's going, what is he talking about? That
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  Speaker 5: was a very sexist thing. He said, no, my bride.
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  Speaker 5: So let's let's one thing we're recording now. While there
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  Speaker 5: is a spacewalk going on that started this morning. I've
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  Speaker 5: been kind of checking in and out on that. One
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  Speaker 5: thing about the spacewalk is as a concept, it's fascinating
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  Speaker 5: and you think about anything that's going on in the process.
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  Speaker 5: There's people that are just there and they're they're tethered
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  Speaker 5: in some capacity to something, and then everything in the
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  Speaker 5: universe is beyond where they are, and that self is fascinating.
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  Speaker 5: And to know that our the administrator of NASA once
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  Speaker 5: did a spacewalk where he just stuck his head out
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  Speaker 5: of a ship and looked out at the beyond is
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  Speaker 5: pretty awesome as well. The whole concept of it is
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  Speaker 5: fascinating when they're doing it. You want to be able
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  Speaker 5: to take in the magnitude of what they're doing. But
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  Speaker 5: when you're actually watching them do it, and you're like, yeah,
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  Speaker 5: that guy's just like tightening a bolt, and you know,
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  Speaker 5: it's to become like less fascinating just to watch in
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  Speaker 5: full details, you have to. It's almost like, and I'm
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  Speaker 5: not a NASCAR fan, but when people watch NASCAR and
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  Speaker 5: they just turn it on and then they leave the
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  Speaker 5: room and come back in and they go, what a
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  Speaker 5: lap are we on? That's the way I kind of
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  Speaker 5: watch the Space Walk, you know, I'm just kind of
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  Speaker 5: in and out. Let's see what they're doing. Is it
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  Speaker 5: something interesting? No, he's like working a screwdriver in big gloves.
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  Speaker 5: All right, I'll come back in a few minutes. You know.
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  Speaker 5: That's what I do.
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  Speaker 2: I mean, it's fair. Yeah, it's fair. That's That's the
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  Speaker 2: way I watch the World Cup, you know, see, I
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  Speaker 2: do the.
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  Speaker 5: World Cup the other way. But my point is, even
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  Speaker 5: though I'm taking it in that way, I appreciate the
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  Speaker 5: magnitude of what's going on because there's just a helmet
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  Speaker 5: between them and everything in the universe.
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  Speaker 2: I try to tell people this way, you know, imagine this. Imagine. Yeah,
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  Speaker 2: you're working on something you can almost imagine like the
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  Speaker 2: outside of your house, right, so, like you're working on
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  Speaker 2: the AC unit on the outside of your house. But
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  Speaker 2: then you just kind of turn around one hundred and
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  Speaker 2: eighty degrees, you know, put the house to your back,
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  Speaker 2: and what you see is the Earth in a spherical
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  Speaker 2: shape and a blackness of space surrounding it, and that's
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  Speaker 2: all you can see. So, you know, like fear of heights,
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  Speaker 2: Like this is the most like fear of heights kind
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  Speaker 2: of view you could possibly imagine. I guess, like like
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  Speaker 2: you can't be in a situation where you're more like,
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  Speaker 2: holy cow, am I high up in the air right now?
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  Speaker 2: Where you're not high up in the air. You're high
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  Speaker 2: up out of the air. Friend. This is as high
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  Speaker 2: up as you can be without leaving Earth's gravity, all right.
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  Speaker 2: So so to see that view and the only other
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  Speaker 2: human made thing that you see are your own hands
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  Speaker 2: and the gloves around them, like that's the only other
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  Speaker 2: human contact the rest is just the most unbelievable view
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  Speaker 2: of nature you could possibly imagine. That's what a spacewalk
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  Speaker 2: would be like right, and you.
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  Speaker 5: Know, you just look out into space and you're just
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  Speaker 5: looking like you know, billions of years into the past,
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  Speaker 5: you know, just in one direction, that's what you're looking at.
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  Speaker 5: So it's well in every direction, yeah, right exactly, I.
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  Speaker 2: Say almost because the one direction you're looking at your space.
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  Speaker 5: Station and the other of the Earth. But you know
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  Speaker 5: what I'm saying.
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  Speaker 2: Yeah, So in addition to that, less in addition to that,
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  Speaker 2: you're going from daylight to darkness or darkness to daylight
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  Speaker 2: every forty five minutes, and this particular job, it's it's
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  Speaker 2: going to take them a while. They're going to be
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  Speaker 2: out there a bit, right. This is in fact, they're
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  Speaker 2: out there now. I like you, I pulled up the
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  Speaker 2: I've got the stream going, and right now there are
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  Speaker 2: flashlights on, which means they're in the Earth. You know,
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  Speaker 2: they're around the back side of the Earth. They're in
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  Speaker 2: the on the night side of Earth, so they're in
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  Speaker 2: the Earth shadow. They're not seeing the sun, so they
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  Speaker 2: have to go with auxiliary lighting to even see what
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  Speaker 2: the heck they're doing. But then they're gonna come around
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  Speaker 2: in just something less than forty five minutes and being
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  Speaker 2: glaring sun again and then in another forty five minutes
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  Speaker 2: they're gonna be back into darkness. And that's gonna happen
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  Speaker 2: the whole time they're out there. So Jessica Meir and
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  Speaker 2: Neil minnowon this is what they're dealing with today. They're
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  Speaker 2: working on some repairs of some solar panels out there.
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  Speaker 2: They're doing a space station rollout of the solar array,
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  Speaker 2: that is what they're calling it. But okay, so that's
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  Speaker 2: what they're working on, trying to hook up their power units.
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  Speaker 2: But they're doing it in this environment that is absolutely unimaginable.
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  Speaker 2: So you have that view. I was just describing that
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  Speaker 2: overlook effect, right, they call it the overlook effect, where
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  Speaker 2: you're you see this view that is just so stark
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  Speaker 2: and unlike anything else that often has emotional and sometimes
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  Speaker 2: even psychological effect on astronauts. You see that view and
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  Speaker 2: then you turn around and go, Okay, I gotta tighten
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  Speaker 2: this bolt or I gotta you know, unfurl this solar
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  Speaker 2: panel or whatever it is I'm working on today. How
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  Speaker 2: do you how do you keep perspective and and the
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  Speaker 2: and the answer is, you know, that's how you get
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  Speaker 2: to be an astronaut. You're you're you're a person that goes, Okay,
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  Speaker 2: that's nice, but I got a job to do. I'm
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  Speaker 2: gonna go back to my job right now, which I
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  Speaker 2: wouldn't be an astronaut because I'd be like, no, I'm
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  Speaker 2: not doing that solar panel thing. I'm gonna hang out
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  Speaker 2: here and check this view out for as long as
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  Speaker 2: they'll let me before they haul me back in.
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  Speaker 5: Yeah, before they start tugging on the tether pulling you
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  Speaker 5: back inside.
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  Speaker 2: Uh.
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  Speaker 5: Well, anything to report on that will have next week,
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  Speaker 5: because like we said, it's going on now, and if
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  Speaker 5: there's anything that we need to talk about with that,
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  Speaker 5: we'll we'll cover that next week. Let's talk about the
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  Speaker 5: story that it's It's been in the news in a
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  Speaker 5: number of places, uh in the last week, because I mean,
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  Speaker 5: I mean sadly, and we don't get into the politics
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  Speaker 5: of all of this, but there is a political component
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  Speaker 5: with SpaceX, just because of Elon Musk. So some people
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  Speaker 5: calling this so oh my gosh, they can't even you know,
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  Speaker 5: get to the moon, right, and they SpaceX has hit
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  Speaker 5: the moon and this is it's not the first time
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  Speaker 5: it's happened. It is I guess the first time it's
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  Speaker 5: happened for them, right, is that the significance of this,
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  Speaker 5: but the fact that, you know, people that are just
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  Speaker 5: looking for a way to be critical of him or
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  Speaker 5: of SpaceX or whatever it is. But the reality is,
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  Speaker 5: once they became aware that this was going to happen,
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  Speaker 5: it's like, well, there's an opportunity to study this. And
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  Speaker 5: you know that's the way science works, right, We like science.
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  Speaker 5: Science is good. Yes, we're against people who try to
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  Speaker 5: get in the way of science.
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  Speaker 2: Yes, that all right? So well, all right, let me
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  Speaker 2: just say, you know, Wes and I have had to
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  Speaker 2: state on the show many times that though we consider
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  Speaker 2: ourselves not SpaceX fanboys, it's hard to it's hard to
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  Speaker 2: deny their accomplishments. I would say that I don't have
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  Speaker 2: any personal feelings about SpaceX. It doesn't make me frustrated
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  Speaker 2: or angry to say the word SpaceX. I try to
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  Speaker 2: keep some kind of a you know, mental and emotional
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  Speaker 2: balance when it comes to SpaceX. They have achieved many things,
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  Speaker 2: and what they did back in January of twenty twenty
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  Speaker 2: five is that they launched two different landers toward the Moon,
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  Speaker 2: one for Firefly Aerospace. We've talked about that one on
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  Speaker 2: this show a lot was the Blue Ghost and one
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  Speaker 2: for a company called I Space, their Resilience Lunar Lander.
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  Speaker 2: So back in January twenty twenty five on a Falcon
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  Speaker 2: nine they gave those two vehicles a ride to the Moon.
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  Speaker 2: Now I'll talking about the success stories of those two
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  Speaker 2: vehicles because there's a lot to talk about there, and
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  Speaker 2: we already have somewhere else in our podcast library. Go
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  Speaker 2: back and listen. However, the upper stage of that Falcon
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  Speaker 2: nine rocket is what's been kind of hanging around in
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  Speaker 2: the lunar environment for a while. It got captured by
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  Speaker 2: the Moon's gravity. It wasn't certain that that was going
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  Speaker 2: to happen. It was probable, but not certain. Okay, Well,
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  Speaker 2: when it did, then then everyone knew that eventually that
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  Speaker 2: upper stage was going to fall to the surface of
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  Speaker 2: the Moon, like dozens of other rocket parts and other
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  Speaker 2: components of space vehicles have before. So maybe that's an
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  Speaker 2: important piece of context. This is not the first rocket
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  Speaker 2: part to I didn't even want to use the term accidentally,
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  Speaker 2: but you know, maybe in a not entirely planned manner
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  Speaker 2: to come down on the surface of the Moon.
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  Speaker 5: It's just not.
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  Speaker 2: In fact, the third stage. Components of all the Apollo
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  Speaker 2: missions from Apollo thirteen through Apollo seventeen all landed on
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  Speaker 2: the Moon, and they knew that was going to happen,
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  Speaker 2: all right, So that context being said, when everybody figured
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  Speaker 2: out that it was going to hit, everybody said, well,
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  Speaker 2: wait a minute. I'm sorry, not everybody, not every everyone
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  Speaker 2: in the scientific community said, wait a minute, perhaps this well,
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  Speaker 2: not everybody in the scientific community.
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  Speaker 5: I love the disclaimers that have to keep coming in.
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  Speaker 2: Certain forward thinking people in the scientific community said, wait
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  Speaker 2: a minute, if it's going to hit the surface of
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  Speaker 2: the Moon, perhaps we can observe that happening and learn
• 16:00
  Speaker 2: or about the Moon, because even though we've been there,
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  Speaker 2: and even though we've sampled certain parts of the Moon,
• 16:08
  Speaker 2: there's always more to learn about the lunar service. So
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  Speaker 2: they asked observer observers all over the world to try
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  Speaker 2: to keep an eye out and see if anybody could
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  Speaker 2: image that particular event. We were going to try to
• 16:20
  Speaker 2: do that here at the Coca Cola Space Science Center,
• 16:24
  Speaker 2: but we have an observatory upgrade going on right now,
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  Speaker 2: and literally the same day, our telescope had just gotten
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  Speaker 2: installed on its new mount and therefore it was not
• 16:33
  Speaker 2: entirely up and running, so we didn't get a chance
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  Speaker 2: to try to see it there. But apparently people had
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  Speaker 2: a really hard time seeing it because it didn't make
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  Speaker 2: such a giant explosion that it was clearly visible to
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  Speaker 2: observatories all around the world. Okay, most people didn't see it,
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  Speaker 2: that's the point. Okay, Well, the European Southern Observatory has
• 16:55
  Speaker 2: something called the VLT and yes, that stands for their
• 17:00
  Speaker 2: very large telescope. Why would they name a telescope that
• 17:03
  Speaker 2: Because it's very large, friends, that's why it has a
• 17:07
  Speaker 2: gigantic mirror. And with that gigantic mirror, the European Southern
• 17:11
  Speaker 2: Observatory did happen to pick up spectral features from the
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  Speaker 2: dust plume that was thrown up from this lunar impact,
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  Speaker 2: and they actually were able to sample spectral lines of
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  Speaker 2: sodium and lithium in the gas and dust that was
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  Speaker 2: ejected into a plume from that impact from a SpaceX
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  Speaker 2: Falcon nine uper stage, which means they identified the chemical
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  Speaker 2: fingerprints of these two very important elements in that plume,
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  Speaker 2: which gives us a little bit more data on the
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  Speaker 2: overall chemistry of the soil of the Moon. In a
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  Speaker 2: new and different location where Apollo astronauts never landed. See,
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  Speaker 2: that's the thing that we can't assume that the lunar
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  Speaker 2: surface is one homogeneous, the same everywhere. It might be
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  Speaker 2: different in places. So now we have kind of a
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  Speaker 2: way to compare the sodium to lithium ratio in a
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  Speaker 2: new place on the surface of the Moon. All because,
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  Speaker 2: all because a plume of some kens of kilometers high
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  Speaker 2: was ejected into space after this upper stage of a
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  Speaker 2: Falcon nine hit the surface. How do we know how
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  Speaker 2: big it was? According to Carl Schmidt, the astronomer from
• 18:29
  Speaker 2: Boston University's Center for Space Physics, all of this in
• 18:34
  Speaker 2: a variety of articles that we find online. Check them
• 18:38
  Speaker 2: out there. We were looking at articles from space dot
• 18:43
  Speaker 2: com and other sources for this story more.
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  Speaker 5: Made of Stars. Right after this, speaking of the Moon,
• 19:13
  Speaker 5: and I've seen Jered Isaacman has been doing the interview circuit.
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  Speaker 5: They've been talking about NASA moving forward on things as
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  Speaker 5: far as Artemis and plans to ultimately build a permanent
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  Speaker 5: base on the Moon. And of course to get to
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  Speaker 5: that stage, they got to get to the next Artemis mission.
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  Speaker 2: Well, and they've already gotten to it. Yeah, so it's
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  Speaker 2: not flown yet, but it is being assembled right now.
• 19:41
  Speaker 2: And yes, some of our interns from our own Columbus
• 19:44
  Speaker 2: State University and the Coca Cola Space Science Center are
• 19:47
  Speaker 2: intimately involved in the stacking of that rocket. Zach Koker,
• 19:51
  Speaker 2: if you're out there, I'm giving you a shout out
• 19:53
  Speaker 2: right now. Friend. Anyway, So this, according to NASA dot Gov,
• 19:57
  Speaker 2: NASA is advancing toward Artemis three's crew demonstration mission with
• 20:02
  Speaker 2: accelerated measurable progress across all fronts, says NASA about itself.
• 20:10
  Speaker 2: So just you know, just keep it in real, friends,
• 20:13
  Speaker 2: just keep it real, all right. But here's what is
• 20:16
  Speaker 2: happening the Artemis three crewed mission. All of the steps
• 20:22
  Speaker 2: getting ready for that seemed to be happening at an
• 20:25
  Speaker 2: accelerated rate when compared to how long it took them
• 20:29
  Speaker 2: for Artemis two. Right, So, just the pieces of the
• 20:33
  Speaker 2: rocket which are being assembled like a giant Lego project
• 20:37
  Speaker 2: down inside various facilities at the Kennedy Space Center. That's
• 20:41
  Speaker 2: happening at a pace that was quicker than the similar
• 20:45
  Speaker 2: procedure for Artemis two. And so they're getting ready right now, friends.
• 20:48
  Speaker 2: And what's happened this week is on July thirtieth, the
• 20:53
  Speaker 2: crews completed the integration of the Orion spacecraft capsule and
• 21:00
  Speaker 2: its service module, so that is kind of the two
• 21:04
  Speaker 2: big pieces of the space vehicle itself. And of course
• 21:08
  Speaker 2: there is also stacking of the SLS and its solid
• 21:12
  Speaker 2: rocket boosters going on inside the VAB right now, and
• 21:16
  Speaker 2: eventually the Orion crew capsule and service module will be
• 21:21
  Speaker 2: mounted on top of that stacked SLS rocket. So all
• 21:25
  Speaker 2: of these are necessary steps in order for this vehicle
• 21:28
  Speaker 2: to carry astronauts Randy Bresnik, Andre Douglas, Frank Rubio, and
• 21:34
  Speaker 2: Luca Parmitano up to orbit so that they can complete
• 21:39
  Speaker 2: a very important set of tests with both lunar landers
• 21:43
  Speaker 2: built by Blue Origin and SpaceX in orbit around the Earth. Now,
• 21:50
  Speaker 2: I say that that's true as long as Blue Origin
• 21:53
  Speaker 2: and SpaceX hit all of their timelines right, so all
• 21:57
  Speaker 2: of those efforts are advancing simultaneously. Just on last week's show,
• 22:01
  Speaker 2: we talked about the successful launch of the Starship in
• 22:05
  Speaker 2: its latest version three, so they seem to be making
• 22:08
  Speaker 2: progress there. Blue Origin blasted its own launch pad to
• 22:12
  Speaker 2: oblivion on its last rocket explosion of the new Glen
• 22:16
  Speaker 2: rocket down at Kennedy Space Center. But what they're doing
• 22:18
  Speaker 2: right now in a hurried manner, is rebuilding that launch facility.
• 22:21
  Speaker 2: They hope to launch again before the end of this year.
• 22:24
  Speaker 2: All of these things working together friends to make America
• 22:29
  Speaker 2: and the American Space program heading back toward the Moon again.
• 22:33
  Speaker 2: I'll make that all possible. So that's what's taking place.
• 22:37
  Speaker 2: Interesting developments at NASA, and we will keep an eye
• 22:40
  Speaker 2: on it for you all out there.
• 22:42
  Speaker 5: When we talk about career development and things concerning space.
• 22:50
  Speaker 5: Meteorology is something we've talked more and more about over
• 22:52
  Speaker 5: the past few years, and having a budding meteorologist in
• 22:56
  Speaker 5: my home, I always tell them, I'm like, ay, everything
• 22:59
  Speaker 5: about space, think about it, think about that, think about it.
• 23:02
  Speaker 5: They've got, you know, weather stations on Mars now for
• 23:05
  Speaker 5: crying out loud. But NASA's punch is something that is
• 23:11
  Speaker 5: helping with the space meteorology world.
• 23:15
  Speaker 2: Yeah. So the World Economic Forum just came out with
• 23:18
  Speaker 2: a prediction of the global space economy expanding from what
• 23:23
  Speaker 2: it is today, which is around the six hundred and
• 23:25
  Speaker 2: thirty billion dollar mark for a total global space economy,
• 23:30
  Speaker 2: expanding from that point to about one point eight trillion
• 23:34
  Speaker 2: dollars in twenty thirty five. What does that mean. That
• 23:38
  Speaker 2: means a tripling friends a tripling of the global space economy,
• 23:42
  Speaker 2: most of that activity happening in the United States of America.
• 23:46
  Speaker 2: What does that mean for the story that Wes just
• 23:50
  Speaker 2: teed up. Well, that means a lot more of our
• 23:52
  Speaker 2: equipment and people are going to be working and operating
• 23:55
  Speaker 2: in outer space. Well, okay, so if that's true, we
• 24:01
  Speaker 2: really have to understand the effects of what the Sun
• 24:04
  Speaker 2: has going on every day. We call that space weather
• 24:09
  Speaker 2: and its interaction with the Earth, with Mars atmosphere, with
• 24:13
  Speaker 2: the area around the Moon. Like if these are the
• 24:16
  Speaker 2: places we're going, if we're going out there to mine
• 24:20
  Speaker 2: and explore and possibly habitate the surface of Mars, the
• 24:24
  Speaker 2: surface of the Moon, asteroids, all these things that we
• 24:27
  Speaker 2: want to do, including low Earth orbit, we have to
• 24:30
  Speaker 2: really have a solid understanding, better than we have today
• 24:35
  Speaker 2: of the dynamics of the solar interaction with all of
• 24:38
  Speaker 2: those environments. That's what's called space weather, and so space
• 24:42
  Speaker 2: meteorology is our space forecasting. Space weather forecasting is all
• 24:46
  Speaker 2: about that. It's understanding that when the Sun erupts in
• 24:50
  Speaker 2: what these giant explosions called solar flares, which trigger a
• 24:53
  Speaker 2: wave of material moving out through space called a coronal
• 24:56
  Speaker 2: mass ejection. We have to understand how that intensity relates
• 25:02
  Speaker 2: from the flare to the CME and how long it
• 25:05
  Speaker 2: takes to just move through the Solar system. All right,
• 25:07
  Speaker 2: there's the tea up. Check this story out on Universe
• 25:10
  Speaker 2: today dot com because it's really cool. NASA's punch mission,
• 25:16
  Speaker 2: NASA's punch mission punch. That's an acronym, NASA punch to
• 25:21
  Speaker 2: the Sun. Now it's a polarimetry and sorry, polarimeter to
• 25:26
  Speaker 2: unify the corona and hemisphere. There's the acronym. I was
• 25:30
  Speaker 2: trying to remember off the top of my head. That's
• 25:32
  Speaker 2: not what it is. Polarimeter to unify the corona and
• 25:35
  Speaker 2: the hemisphere. It's not like the corona and hemisphere had
• 25:39
  Speaker 2: a falling out and we're trying to get the band
• 25:41
  Speaker 2: back together. No, it's unify our understanding of the relationship
• 25:45
  Speaker 2: of the top layer of the atmosphere of the Sun,
• 25:48
  Speaker 2: which is called the corona, and the expanding gases out
• 25:51
  Speaker 2: through the Solar system, which is called the heliosphere. And
• 25:54
  Speaker 2: we're using a polarimeter tool to unify our understanding.
• 25:59
  Speaker 5: I like that, you were I know, to do it
• 26:00
  Speaker 5: for memory, because I was like, that was I get
• 26:04
  Speaker 5: this stumbling on that one.
• 26:08
  Speaker 2: As we saw with Ocyrus rex maybe the coolest name
• 26:10
  Speaker 2: ever for a space mission. It was a terrible acronym.
• 26:14
  Speaker 2: It's one of the worst ever. What such a great
• 26:17
  Speaker 2: name for a space mission, right, So we kind of
• 26:19
  Speaker 2: forgive them for that punch. I mean, you know it's
• 26:23
  Speaker 2: it's memorable, yep, but not for what it means. What
• 26:31
  Speaker 2: was that punch mission to get I don't know, let
• 26:32
  Speaker 2: me read my prompter. Polarimeter to unify the corona and heliosphere. Okay,
• 26:38
  Speaker 2: but the point of that mission is this. It's four
• 26:40
  Speaker 2: suitcase sized spacecraft that are literally operating in the outer
• 26:47
  Speaker 2: reaches of the Sun's corona. So they're operating in a
• 26:51
  Speaker 2: place where they had to be space hardened against one
• 26:54
  Speaker 2: of the most extreme and hostile environments imaginable in outer space,
• 27:00
  Speaker 2: literally the outer layer of the Sun's atmosphere. And so
• 27:04
  Speaker 2: those four little space craft that are suitcase sized spacecraft,
• 27:08
  Speaker 2: they're actually returning data to the Earth that are leading
• 27:11
  Speaker 2: to some astounding forecasts. And one of those forecasts from
• 27:15
  Speaker 2: the very first set of test data from the spacecraft
• 27:19
  Speaker 2: that came back to Earth was they picked up a
• 27:22
  Speaker 2: coronal mass ejection moving out away from the Sun. Now,
• 27:27
  Speaker 2: traditionally that's been very hard to predict how just exactly
• 27:32
  Speaker 2: how long that wave of charge radiation will take to
• 27:36
  Speaker 2: get from the Sun to the Earth. So then here
• 27:40
  Speaker 2: on Earth we can take some steps to protect our satellites,
• 27:43
  Speaker 2: to protect our astronauts if we know when the thing's
• 27:46
  Speaker 2: gonna arrive. Right, well, they were able to forecast this
• 27:51
  Speaker 2: wave of oncoming radiation to within thirty minutes of its
• 27:55
  Speaker 2: actual arrival time. For comparison, typically they only know to
• 28:02
  Speaker 2: within a sort of a six to twelve hour windows,
• 28:07
  Speaker 2: sometimes as long as eighteen hours they're off. So to
• 28:10
  Speaker 2: go from that kind of predictive window down to thirty
• 28:14
  Speaker 2: minutes is an astounding improvement in our space weather forecasting
• 28:21
  Speaker 2: and forecasting when those space storms are going to impact
• 28:24
  Speaker 2: and affect the Earth. There's an individual by the name
• 28:27
  Speaker 2: of Craig DeForest who's the principal investigator for the Punch
• 28:30
  Speaker 2: mission at the Southwest Research Institute's Solar System Science and
• 28:35
  Speaker 2: Exploration Division in Boulder, Colorado. Imagine fitting all of that
• 28:38
  Speaker 2: on a business card. Friends, I just have to say,
• 28:41
  Speaker 2: Columbus State University's Coca Cola Space Science Center. But poor Craig,
• 28:45
  Speaker 2: he's got to have principal investigator for Punch at Southwest
• 28:49
  Speaker 2: Research Institute's Solar System Science and Exploration Division in Boulder, Colorado,
• 28:53
  Speaker 2: all on one business card.
• 28:55
  Speaker 5: Think about the poor business card maker. I mean, that's
• 28:57
  Speaker 5: not easy to fit on there unless you're going with
• 28:59
  Speaker 5: a rig tiny font.
• 29:01
  Speaker 2: Four point font frans. But it comes with its own
• 29:04
  Speaker 2: like magnifying lens to read it anyway. So Craig, we're
• 29:08
  Speaker 2: just gonna call him Craig. Craig had this to say, quote,
• 29:11
  Speaker 2: we thought Punch would be good at this. Fortunately that's
• 29:15
  Speaker 2: not the end of Craig's quote, So I'll just say
• 29:18
  Speaker 2: because if it ended, there would be a little silly okay,
• 29:20
  Speaker 2: But Craig Craig says, we thought Punch would be good
• 29:22
  Speaker 2: at this, But it's a stunning result. To put it
• 29:25
  Speaker 2: in perspective, this could be the space weather equivalent of
• 29:29
  Speaker 2: going from a steam engine to a modern internal combustion engine.
• 29:34
  Speaker 2: Thus says Craig unquote. So so you know, he didn't
• 29:38
  Speaker 2: compare it to like, you know, ev technology, but he
• 29:41
  Speaker 2: did go as far as the combustion engine. So there
• 29:43
  Speaker 2: you go from from Craig at Punch.
• 29:48
  Speaker 5: So this is one way to study the Sun. Another
• 29:51
  Speaker 5: way to study it is, you know, with a big telescope.
• 29:54
  Speaker 5: And every time we get some crazy amazing image from
• 29:59
  Speaker 5: a telescope, just go, man, what another big win for telescopes.
• 30:04
  Speaker 2: We've done this for years. Wes and I were on
• 30:07
  Speaker 2: radio for many years and now we are on an
• 30:09
  Speaker 2: audio only podcast and we have told you out there
• 30:13
  Speaker 2: in the audience, hey, this picture is really cool and
• 30:17
  Speaker 2: you can't see it. We understand, we get it, but
• 30:19
  Speaker 2: we're going to tell you where to see it. And
• 30:21
  Speaker 2: let me just tee it up by saying it's worth
• 30:24
  Speaker 2: following my recommendation friends, because this image, a super close
• 30:29
  Speaker 2: up image of a little, tiny, well comparatively little tiny
• 30:33
  Speaker 2: patch of the Sun's surface, is absolutely astounding. This image
• 30:39
  Speaker 2: is fantastic. But where can I go see it? Doctor C?
• 30:43
  Speaker 2: Let me tell you where spaceweather dot com. Well, but
• 30:47
  Speaker 2: I'm not listening live, doctor C. And space Weather updates
• 30:50
  Speaker 2: every day. Yes they do, but they have an archive
• 30:53
  Speaker 2: that's an upper right hand corner of their page. Via
• 30:57
  Speaker 2: the Wayback Machine, go click on that archive. Pull up
• 31:01
  Speaker 2: August sixth, twenty twenty sixth, and you will see this image,
• 31:06
  Speaker 2: which actually was published in Nature in August on August fifth,
• 31:09
  Speaker 2: But this image is a close up, a super micro
• 31:14
  Speaker 2: close up of an area of the sun that was
• 31:16
  Speaker 2: taken with the Annoya solar telescope on the Haleiocola Observatory
• 31:22
  Speaker 2: on Maui University of Why the Holeocola observatory four meter
• 31:28
  Speaker 2: solar telescope, that's the Annoya, the annoy A solar telescope
• 31:33
  Speaker 2: four meters in size, and so with a with a
• 31:37
  Speaker 2: sun telescope that big, you really can get some amazingly
• 31:40
  Speaker 2: fine details. And let me just tell you, friends, what
• 31:44
  Speaker 2: they saw. They saw these weird little fractal like looking
• 31:51
  Speaker 2: curvatures that we know as Kelvin Helmholtz instabilities. At this
• 31:57
  Speaker 2: point you might say, who's we.
• 31:59
  Speaker 5: Yeah, well, Kelvin Helmholtz, hell of a shortstop for the
• 32:02
  Speaker 5: Cubs back in the day.
• 32:05
  Speaker 2: Did he make the Baseball Hall of Fame?
• 32:07
  Speaker 5: I measure he should have. He was good man, fast,
• 32:10
  Speaker 5: little guy, good leadoff hitter.
• 32:15
  Speaker 2: And that's all I have to say about that anyways.
• 32:18
  Speaker 2: All right, So, Kelvin Helmoltz instabilities, friends, are when you
• 32:21
  Speaker 2: have sheer forces in fluid dynamics, and they create these
• 32:25
  Speaker 2: little wind curls. Occasionally we see these in clouds. We
• 32:30
  Speaker 2: can see a Kelvin Helmholtz curl in a cloud pattern,
• 32:33
  Speaker 2: which makes them really cool. You know the van Go
• 32:36
  Speaker 2: painting Starry Night, Vincent van Go. Actually, well, I was
• 32:41
  Speaker 2: gonna say he captured, but he didn't. Really, he invented
• 32:43
  Speaker 2: Kelvin Helmholtz like curls occurring in the sky, probably similar
• 32:48
  Speaker 2: to things that he had seen in cloud patterns. Cloud
• 32:51
  Speaker 2: patterns at the time. Ocean waves really are these kinds
• 32:54
  Speaker 2: of instabilities as well, and so we see these a
• 32:57
  Speaker 2: lot throughout nature. For the very time, even though they
• 33:01
  Speaker 2: were mathematically predicted, we had never observed them before. On
• 33:05
  Speaker 2: the Sun. For the very first time, they've been observed
• 33:08
  Speaker 2: on the surface of the Sun. Kh instabilities in the
• 33:12
  Speaker 2: solar atmosphere. Now, why does the average person care if
• 33:17
  Speaker 2: instabilities have been observed on the surface of the sun,
• 33:20
  Speaker 2: Because we still don't understand how all the energy that
• 33:25
  Speaker 2: makes solar flares so powerful is stored within the solar surface.
• 33:31
  Speaker 2: And so this is one more step in helping us
• 33:35
  Speaker 2: understand that some of that energy might be stored in
• 33:39
  Speaker 2: these magnetohydrodynamic structures called kh instabilities in the surface of
• 33:46
  Speaker 2: the Sun, and that can help lead to the energy
• 33:50
  Speaker 2: storage that allows for these solar flares to be so
• 33:53
  Speaker 2: powerful and so dynamic that we have to send the
• 33:57
  Speaker 2: Punch mission up to study when they're going to hit
• 33:59
  Speaker 2: the Earth. Right, So all of these things are tied
• 34:01
  Speaker 2: and really set of interesting science. Remember, friends, of all
• 34:06
  Speaker 2: the astronomical things that happen out there, this is one
• 34:09
  Speaker 2: of the few things that changes day to day and
• 34:12
  Speaker 2: can actually affect physically things on Earth, like air travel
• 34:17
  Speaker 2: and like power grids, and like the Internet and radio
• 34:20
  Speaker 2: and TV communications. All those kinds of things can be
• 34:23
  Speaker 2: affected because of what's going on in the Sun, and
• 34:26
  Speaker 2: that's why it's important to understand these effects in detail.
• 34:29
  Speaker 5: More made of stars. Right after this, speaking of the Sun,
• 34:55
  Speaker 5: a total solar eclipse is happening next week, just not
• 34:59
  Speaker 5: for but parts of the world are going to be
• 35:02
  Speaker 5: getting this. And Luke was trying to convince me that
• 35:05
  Speaker 5: we need to go to Maine next week.
• 35:08
  Speaker 2: You can see a partial, right partial in Maine.
• 35:11
  Speaker 5: Yeah, that's what he was telling me. He's like, we
• 35:12
  Speaker 5: got to go to Maine. We can just drive up there.
• 35:14
  Speaker 5: And I was like, yeah, that's that's not an easy drive.
• 35:17
  Speaker 2: I try to make the same argument to my wife
• 35:19
  Speaker 2: about Iceland and we can just drive up there.
• 35:22
  Speaker 5: I mean, you know, you and I could justify it.
• 35:25
  Speaker 5: It's for work, I mean. And who would like to
• 35:30
  Speaker 5: go to Iceland?
• 35:31
  Speaker 2: And I want to. I have since I was a
• 35:34
  Speaker 2: child wanted to go to Iceland, And now I have
• 35:36
  Speaker 2: several friends who've actually been there, like, oh, yeah, it's great,
• 35:39
  Speaker 2: you should go. And there's this eclipse. And my wife
• 35:41
  Speaker 2: and I actually started planning, and in the planning just
• 35:44
  Speaker 2: fell apart. We had other things going on we couldn't
• 35:46
  Speaker 2: get away. But now it's just next week. It's Wednesday
• 35:50
  Speaker 2: of next week as we're recording the show, it's August twelfth.
• 35:54
  Speaker 2: Why is that? Why is that an important date? Friends?
• 35:57
  Speaker 2: Because it's also the night of the Percied meteor shower,
• 36:00
  Speaker 2: So there's two astronomical events of great import taking place
• 36:04
  Speaker 2: on the same day. The best media shower of the
• 36:06
  Speaker 2: year usually the Perseeds, happening on August the twelfth, but
• 36:11
  Speaker 2: also that earlier that day. If you're in the right
• 36:14
  Speaker 2: spot Greenland, Iceland, northern part of Spain, portions of Portugal,
• 36:20
  Speaker 2: you can get in the path of totality for a
• 36:23
  Speaker 2: total solar eclipse. One of the most spectacular sites I
• 36:27
  Speaker 2: have ever seen of any kind of my life, let
• 36:30
  Speaker 2: alone just in the sky. It is phenomenal. See one
• 36:34
  Speaker 2: in your lifetime. Friends. That's my advice. Go to the
• 36:37
  Speaker 2: path of totality. Get there. If you're free and easy
• 36:40
  Speaker 2: and you just like you know, you're retired, or you
• 36:42
  Speaker 2: just quit your job or whatever, and you got some
• 36:44
  Speaker 2: loose cash and you want to go to Iceland, Greenland,
• 36:47
  Speaker 2: northern Spain or parts of Portugal, you can still do it.
• 36:50
  Speaker 2: Go see this eclipse. Get in the path of totality.
• 36:52
  Speaker 2: It's awesome. If you're not in that category, don't worry
• 36:56
  Speaker 2: if you're stuck here in Georgia like Wes and I
• 36:58
  Speaker 2: might be. The European Space Agency is going to stream
• 37:01
  Speaker 2: this live for you friends. Let's hear it for our
• 37:04
  Speaker 2: friends at ISSA. The ISSA Live is on YouTube starting
• 37:08
  Speaker 2: about one thirty pm on August twelfth. Check out the
• 37:12
  Speaker 2: ISSA YouTube channel and they will be streaming the solar eclipse,
• 37:16
  Speaker 2: so you can at least participate in a somewhat vicarious
• 37:19
  Speaker 2: sense with all those people who are actually on the
• 37:22
  Speaker 2: ground in Iceland. Checking out a cool eclipse that I
• 37:25
  Speaker 2: did not make it to.
• 37:27
  Speaker 5: Not yet, I mean still possible.
• 37:31
  Speaker 2: The probability spectrum is going way down west.
• 37:33
  Speaker 5: Let me just tell you, you know, those last minute flights,
• 37:35
  Speaker 5: sometimes you can catch a really sweet deal and you
• 37:38
  Speaker 5: know the right off potential there for this is also there.
• 37:43
  Speaker 5: We talked to the beginning about Columbus State University's Cocola
• 37:47
  Speaker 5: Space Science Center and the plans in the future, future, future,
• 37:50
  Speaker 5: as you'd like to say, but there's things still going
• 37:53
  Speaker 5: on at the current building now.
• 37:57
  Speaker 2: There are actually doing upgrades throughout the building. Were upgrading
• 38:00
  Speaker 2: two major components of our facility. One is our observatory,
• 38:04
  Speaker 2: which I mentioned earlier on. We have a NASA grant
• 38:07
  Speaker 2: that we're working on to put some new capabilities in
• 38:10
  Speaker 2: our observatory and then train our students on how to
• 38:12
  Speaker 2: use those new tools. That's all taking place in the background.
• 38:15
  Speaker 2: So if you see some crates, or if you come
• 38:17
  Speaker 2: down and visit us and see a big crate sitting
• 38:19
  Speaker 2: out in the gallery in a dark corner, that hells
• 38:23
  Speaker 2: the telescope, just with a couple of days ago, anyway,
• 38:26
  Speaker 2: So a telescope mount, I should say. Anyway, The other
• 38:29
  Speaker 2: part is our moon base, it's our Falcon moon station.
• 38:33
  Speaker 2: We are upgrading that facility as well. So right now
• 38:36
  Speaker 2: we have a little construction dust going on throughout the building,
• 38:39
  Speaker 2: but it's improving our capabilities to do more things for
• 38:42
  Speaker 2: our visitors, for our students, for our programs here at
• 38:45
  Speaker 2: Space Science Center. In the meantime, you can still come
• 38:48
  Speaker 2: down and enjoy about ninety five percent of all the
• 38:52
  Speaker 2: other amenities we have taking place. So come down and
• 38:54
  Speaker 2: see the planetarium. Come down and see a show in
• 38:57
  Speaker 2: our Space Shuttle odysty flight to Space there. Come down,
• 39:00
  Speaker 2: see the artifacts on display. We'll give you a tour
• 39:03
  Speaker 2: of those artifacts throughout the building. Come down and fly
• 39:06
  Speaker 2: our newly upgraded flight simulators called our Cyberfighters. Come down
• 39:10
  Speaker 2: and check that out as well. All fun things to
• 39:13
  Speaker 2: do throughout our building. Friends, visit us on the web
• 39:16
  Speaker 2: at www dot CCSSC dot org. Ge Charlie, Charlie SamSam
• 39:22
  Speaker 2: Charlie dot org.
• 39:24
  Speaker 5: Sean and I thank you for listening, and we will
• 39:26
  Speaker 5: do this again next week. Nice Overhead Door Company of
• 39:36
  Speaker 5: Columbus has all of your garage door needs covered, residential
• 39:39
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• 39:43
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