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How Did the Modern Passport Become a Universal Requirement? - The Nansen Passport and the Crisis of Statelessness | Sleepy Facts About History

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In 1860, a French businessman could cross from Paris to Brussels with little more than a railway ticket, while a Russian peasant needed state permission to leave his village and an Indian laborer carried papers binding him to a colonial employer. The passport we now consider a universal requirement was not invented in a single moment; it was assembled piece by piece from the emergency measures of war, the standardizing ambitions of diplomats, and the selective controls that empire and…

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