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The Kokand Autonomy: Central Asia's Brief Democratic Dream
In the chaos following the 1917 Russian Revolution, a remarkable experiment in self-rule emerged in the Ferghana Valley. The Kokand Autonomy, proclaimed in November 1917, aimed to establish a democratic, secular state for Turkestan's Muslim peoples. Led by progressive intellectuals and Jadid reformers like Mustafa Chokay, the government introduced Arabic-script schools, women's education, and land reforms. But its existence was precarious: Bolshevik forces from Tashkent, hostile to both nationalism and democracy, besieged and destroyed Kokand in February 1918. The massacre of…
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