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República de Nueva Granada (1832-1858) · Historia con el móvil

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Welcome, friends and friends, there' s a mobile story. My name
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is Juan Jesús Pleguezuelo. I am a professor of history, high school and
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from the central studies of my home room and in direct rigorous, because I
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am live. I' m live on instagram right now. I' ll
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send you a warm hug. I hope you' re well, I hope
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you' re well, I hope you' re windy in favor. If
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this is not the case, if you are experiencing an adverse moment, I
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hope heartily in the next few minutes to offer you a pleasant company and,
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above all, above all, I send you a lot of encouragement. I
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' m sure everything' s gonna be okay. Before starting with the program,
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remind you what my book has at your disposal, looking for utopia,
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a necessary book, an indispensable book these days, and that is that in
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this book we look back, in this book we look back and look at
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those moments of history in which humanity has built rich and prosperous societies based on
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values, based on love, based on brotherhood. If that has happened in
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n s p poso that I have told many episodes of history and in my
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book, in my book, well, I reflect and deepen on this matter.
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Also remind you that this podcast is organized in playlists in Spotify. It
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' s okay why I say that, because I already have the playlist dedicated
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to the history of Latin America and we' re already putting into that list
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the episodes that we' re devoting to the topic And that' s it
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and we' re going to start with the program. We continue with the
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history of Colombia. Are we still with the history of Colombia? What'
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s interesting? What' s interesting? And I find it interesting also because
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I think that in Spain little or nothing we know about the history of Colombia.
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So, well, I think these episodes were very necessary this podcast continue
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that we already recorded a week ago entitled La Gran Colombia, and we remember
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some data that we saw about La Gran Colombia. The Spaniards are definitely defeated
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in Latin America, in the continent, in the battle of Ayacucho in one
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thousand eight hundred twenty- four, but a few years before, in one
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thousand eight hundred twenty- one, it has already been formed, has constituted
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that great country called in the Great Colombia, which brought together Ecuador, Colombia,
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Venezuela and Panama, and that at that moment, of course, was
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called to be the Great Power one of the great powers of the world.
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How much wealth was there, Well, who was your President, Simon Bolivar.
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But look Simon Bolivar, being President of Great Colombia, that is,
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he did not rest, He kept fighting against the Spaniards, liberating, trying
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to liberate the rest of the American territory. And who was his Vice President,
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Francisco de Paula Santander. What happens that, as it happens, the
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years are advancing. Well, territorial tensions begin. In Venezuela Prulo wants to
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separate Ecuador, on the other hand, wants to separate. He goes into
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war with Peru on average. In a thousand eight hundred and twenty- eight,
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Simón Bolívar suffers an attack, his vice president is accused of having to
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go into exile. And Simon Bolivar, in a thousand eight hundred and thirty,
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weary and in the midst of chaos retires, resigns and leaves office.
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Okay and so, in one thousand eight hundred thirty- one we already speak
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of this new country, which would be the Republic of New Granada, and
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why is it called Republic of New Granada? Here, many granainos who are
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right now in Granada, will be wondering and why is the Republic of New
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Granada called? Because during the Spanish Empire, one of the administrative divisions of
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Latin America was called Viceroyalty of New Granada. And that Viceroyalty of New Granada
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which country brought Colombia and Panama together. So Colombia is first called. There
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is a country after independence called Great Colombia, when Great Colombia has dissolved,
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and Ecuador and Venezuela are already independent. Colombia and Panama, which follow unity,
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are constituted as a country and are called the Republic of New Granada in
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honor of the times when they were already united in that viceroyalty of New Granada.
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Well, well, well, we' re in a thousand eight hundred
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thirty- one, Simon Bolivar, in a thousand eight hundred eight hundred thirty
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resigns he leaves and dies shortly afterwards. Die soon after. So in one
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thousand eight hundred and thirty- one, when it has already dissolved to Great
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Colombia, Colombia is constituted into a state called the State of New Granada.
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And who do you call President of Government? Who do they call President de
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Gobierno, because they call Francisco de paula Santander? Francisco de Paulo to Santander
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had been, as we have said, the Vice President of Simón Bolívar and
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Ojo and had been accused of his attack on the President. And Francisco de
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Paula Santander has sexilia, exiles, well, when she' s accused of
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the attack, exiles and goes to Europe, Travels all over Europe, travels
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to the United States. And in the United States, that' s when
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he says" hey," we want him to be the President of this
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new country. So Francisco de Paula Santander returns from exile and returns as President.
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Look at being banished in the afternoon, banished to return as President for
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five years. Okay. Well, we have that already in one thousand eight
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hundred thirty- two the new Constitution is approved And now yes, now you
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speak this country is going to be called Republic of New Granada? In one
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thousand eight hundred thirty- two, I repeat, it is written to that
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new Constitution and now it will be called Republic of New Granada and look how
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interesting this is? I studied this one, studying this few I had a
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moment when I had to make sure I was studying the history of Colombia,
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because I say but I am studying the history of Colombia, or I am
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studying the history of Spain, because everything I am seeing here the history of
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Colombia. I say this was happening in Spain, on those same dates,
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on that same date. For those I am not from Spain, but well,
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those who are from Spain, those who are from Spain, you know
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it, but those who are not from Spain, maybe you don' t
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know it. I have another postca that has been very popular here in Spain,
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which is called History of Spain for selectivity that is focused, because to
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the examination still important that there is here in Spain, called selectivity. Well,
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I was looking at what' s going on these days in Colombia and
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it was practically the same thing in Spain. We could change the names,
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we could change the names, but the events were the same. What happens
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from the very moment when the Republic of New Granada is constituted, because the
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same thing that was happening in Spain happens. There are two forces, one
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conservative and one liberal, and both forces fight for power. Liberals therefore want
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these measures to modernise the country. They want people' s rights. They
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want broad universal suffrage, a universal male suffering. What do conservatives want not
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to go as fast as their name indicates. The Conservatives want an elite to
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remain in control of power. They want a limited census vote, they want
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the Catholic religion to remain an official religion. So that' s what happens
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in Colombia. A struggle begins between those two forces, the conservative and the
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liberal force. And this, as I was saying, was happening exactly the
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same in Spain by this very date. In fact, in fact, what
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we have next in Colombia, because then during the Republic of New Granada we
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have three civil wars. Three civil wars and all three have as their background
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the same cause. An elite that does not want to lose its privileges and
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power and a group, an enlightened bourgeoisie that wants to modernize and advance the
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country. I repeat, in Spain we had the same thing. Three Carlist
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wars for the same reasons. Then let' s go over this. We
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have that in one thousand eight hundred thirty- eight, I repeat, in
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one thousand eight hundred thirty- two has been constituted in the Republic of New
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Granada, very perfect already and already there are o or rites or hundreds thirty
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- eight. We have a civil war, which is the war of the
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supreme. And this again is what you know about stories in Spain. Or
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it' s going to sound or this is going to sound like what I
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' m going to say is why the war of the supreme begins. No,
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therefore, because a President named José g Nacio Márquez decides to abolish convents
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with less than eight religious, to suppress convents and to obtain that heritage for
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the State and thus to invest it, for example, in education and other
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necessary things, I repeat, to suppress convents with less than eight religious and
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to what not? It will sound to the Spaniards to the disamortization of Mendizábal
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occurred in the one thousand eight hundred thirty- four the concept was himself,
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not exactly the same, but the idea is the same. Okay. I
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don' t know if he explains well. He told me a little bit
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about the mess, but well he said then that in one thousand eight hundred
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thirty- eight a President has the idea of suppressing those convents with less than
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eight religious and in principle, this is accepted Even the Catholic Church agrees.
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But there is a region called San Juan de Pasto, which is revealed to
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say no, no? What' s not? What' s not?
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The priests who are there say no, no? The convents are abolished and
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this is taken advantage of by various leaders of the south of the country and
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they begin to reveal themselves against the central power and the leaders of different territorial
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leaders rebel against the central power and begin a civil war that lasts four years.
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It is worth it that the warlords were not coordinated with each other,
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so that finally the central power could win this war. But we imagined the
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wear and tear that had to be in a civil war. I repeat,
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civil war. Well, then, the war ends and in one thousand eight
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hundred and forty- three the Presidents take a rather timely and correct measure,
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which is to strengthen the central power, a constitutional reform to give more power
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to the Prime Minister, to see if I say it right, a constitutional
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reform to strengthen the central power? Now I' ve said it right.
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I repeat, in one thousand eight hundred forty- three a constitutional reform is
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made to strengthen the padescens because we come against a war in which the warlords
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had so much power that they allow themselves to rebel against the central power and
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nothing more and nothing less that we have a civil war. So, to
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avoid that, constitutional reform gives more power and authority to the government. And
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so well, then, try not to make this happen again to a thing
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that I have said to myself during that war of the Supremes. For more,
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try to become independent. And now my failure is that attempt at independence.
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In one thousand eight hundred and fifty, Panama once again tries to become
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independent, the second attempt at independence fails. There are already two vales and
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we reach one thousand eight hundred and fifty- one, the president named José
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Lario López, tries a series of reformist measures. For example, he wants
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to abolish slavery, he wants to establish freedom of the press and he wants
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to expel the Jesuits, he wants to abolish the death penalty. That we
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are seeing a series and a number of liberal measures that, of course,
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we like the conservative forces that have another civil war, another civil war.
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How long that civil war will last. A year is good So again they
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are defeated, the rebels are defeated and in one thousand eight hundred fifty-
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three another constitutional reform. For what, to re- establish more liberal measures.
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Again we try to abolish slavery, establish universal male suffrage, separate church
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and state etc? Etcetera? And what' s going on? Guess what?
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Well, guess what, we got to the election of one thousand eight
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hundred fifty- four. There are two candidates and the defeated candidate called a
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melo stable coup d'état, given a coup d'état against the
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candidate he had won, which was called obando. And there' s a
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civil war that lasts a year. Again, the rebel side is defeated,
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but look at 20 years, just over 20 years. We have three civil
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wars, because the Republic of New Granada goes from one thousand eight hundred and
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thirty- one to one thousand eight hundred and fifty- eight. We have
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the war of the Supremes in one thousand eight hundred thirty- eight, the
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war a civil war in one thousand eight hundred fifty- one and now,
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in one thousand eight hundred fifty- four, this third civil war and finally,
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in one thousand eight hundred fifty- eight a new Constitution is adopted and
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established. Now the name is changed to the country and it will call it
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the Confederation of Granada and then, a little later, the United States of
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Colombia. Well, so far today' s show. I remember you,
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I remind you if you want to know how to continue this series in the
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link in the description. I' m going to leave you all the episodes
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that we' re devoting to the history of Latin America and the one that
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follows it and the one that goes before it, which is the Great Colombia.
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Also remind you that you have this book called Utopia, a book in
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which we review those moments of history, those who have built rich and prosperous
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societies based on values is like brotherhood. That has been done and in the
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book we reflect on this issue, something necessary in these times. He also
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told you the link in the program notes and I' m telling you no
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more. Dear friend, dear friend, let' s even have the next
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episode live, you know follow me on Instagram and it' s already here,
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it' s already here, micayo, as I send you a huge
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hug and see you in the next program