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Geronimo’s Story of His Life - Geronimo · Educational Library

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  Speaker 1: Geronimo's Story of his Life by Geronimo, transcribed by S. M.
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  Speaker 1: Barrett and translated by Asa dec Lugi. Dedicatory by Geronimo
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  Speaker 1: because he has given me permission to tell my story,
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  Speaker 1: because he has read that story and knows I try
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  Speaker 1: to speak the truth. Because I believe that he is
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  Speaker 1: fair minded and will cause my people to receive justice
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  Speaker 1: in the future, and because he is chief of a
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  Speaker 1: great people. I dedicate this story of my life to
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  Speaker 1: Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States. Geronimo Preface by S. M. Barrett.
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  Speaker 1: The initial idea of the compilation of this work was
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  Speaker 1: to give the reading public an authentic record of the
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  Speaker 1: private life of the Apache Indians, and to extend to Geronimo,
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  Speaker 1: as a prisoner of war, the courtesy due any captive,
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  Speaker 1: that is, the right to state the causes which impelled
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  Speaker 1: him in his opposition to our civilization and laws. If
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  Speaker 1: the Indian's cause has been properly presented, the captive's defense
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  Speaker 1: clearly stated, and the general store of information regarding vanishing
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  Speaker 1: types increased, I shall be satisfied. I desire to acknowledge
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  Speaker 1: valuable suggestions from Major Charles Taylor Fort Sill Oklahoma, doctor J. M. Greenwood,
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  Speaker 1: Kansas City, Missouri, and President David R. Boyd of the
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  Speaker 1: University of Oklahoma. I especially desire in this connection to
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  Speaker 1: say that without the kindly advice and assistance of President
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  Speaker 1: Theodore Roosevelt, this book could not have been written respectfully. S. M. Barrett, Lawton, Oklahoma,
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  Speaker 1: August fourteenth, nineteen o six. Introductory by S. M. Barrett.
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  Speaker 1: I first met Geronimo in the summer of nineteen o four,
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  Speaker 1: when I acted for him as interpreter of English into
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  Speaker 1: Spanish and vice versa in selling a war bonnet. After that,
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  Speaker 1: he always had a pleasant word for me when we met,
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  Speaker 1: but never entered into a general conversation with me until
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  Speaker 1: he learned that I had once been wounded by a Mexican.
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  Speaker 1: As soon as he was told of this, he came
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  Speaker 1: to see me and expressed freely his opinion of the
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  Speaker 1: average Mexican and his aversion to all Mexicans in general.
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  Speaker 1: I invited him to visit me again, which he did,
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  Speaker 1: and upon his invitation I visited him at his teepee
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  Speaker 1: in the Fortsill Military Reservation. In the summer of nineteen
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  Speaker 1: o five. Doctor J. M. Greenwood, Superintendent of schools at
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  Speaker 1: Kansas City, Missouri, visited me and I took him to
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  Speaker 1: see the Chief. Geronimo was quite formal and reserved until
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  Speaker 1: doctor Greenwood said, I am a friend of General Howard,
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  Speaker 1: whom I have heard speak of. You Come, said Geronimo,
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  Speaker 1: and led the way to a shade, had seats brought
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  Speaker 1: for us, put on his war bonnet, and served watermelon
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  Speaker 1: a llah apache cut in big chunks, while he talked
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  Speaker 1: freely and cheerfully. When we left, he gave us a
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  Speaker 1: pressing invitation to visit him again. In a few days.
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  Speaker 1: The old chief came to see me and asked about
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  Speaker 1: my father. I said, you mean the old gentleman from
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  Speaker 1: Kansas City. He has returned to his home. He is
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  Speaker 1: your father, said Geronimo. No, I said, my father died
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  Speaker 1: twenty five years ago. Doctor Greenwood is only my friend.
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  Speaker 1: After a moment's silence, the old Indian spoke again, this
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  Speaker 1: time in a tone of voice intended to carry conviction,
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  Speaker 1: or at least to allow no further discussion. Your natural
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  Speaker 1: father is dead. This man has been your friend and
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  Speaker 1: adviser from youth by adoption. He is your father. Tell
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  Speaker 1: him he is welcome to come to my home at
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  Speaker 1: any time. It was of no use to explain any more,
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  Speaker 1: for the old man had determined not to understand my
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  Speaker 1: relation to doctor Greenwood except in accordance with Indian customs,
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  Speaker 1: and I let the matter drop. In the latter part
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  Speaker 1: of that summer, I asked the old Chief to allow
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  Speaker 1: me to publish some of the things he had told me,
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  Speaker 1: but he objected, saying, however, that if I would pay him,
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  Speaker 1: and if the officers in charge did not object, he
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  Speaker 1: would tell me the whole story of his life. I
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  Speaker 1: immediately called at the fort Fort Sill and asked the
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  Speaker 1: officer in charge, Lieutenant Purrington, for permission to write the
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  Speaker 1: life of Geronimo. I was promptly informed that the privilege
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  Speaker 1: would not be granted. Lieutenant Purrington explained to me the
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  Speaker 1: many depredations committed by Geronimo and his warriors, and the
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  Speaker 1: enormous cost of subduing the Apaches, adding that the the
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  Speaker 1: old Apache deserved to be hanged rather than spoiled by
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  Speaker 1: so much attention from civilians. A suggestion from me that
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  Speaker 1: our government had paid many soldiers and officers to go
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  Speaker 1: to Arizona and kill Geronimo and the Apaches, and that
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  Speaker 1: they did not seem to know how to do. It
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  Speaker 1: did not prove very gratifying to the pride of the
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  Speaker 1: regular army officer, and I decided to seek elsewhere for permission. Accordingly,
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  Speaker 1: I wrote to President Roosevelt that here was an old
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  Speaker 1: Indian who had been held a prisoner of war for
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  Speaker 1: twenty years and had never been given a chance to
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  Speaker 1: tell his side of the story, and asked that Geronimo
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  Speaker 1: be granted permission to tell for publication in his own way,
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  Speaker 1: the story of his life, and that he be guaranteed
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  Speaker 1: that the publication of his story would not affect unfavorably
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  Speaker 1: the Apache prisoners of war. By return mail, I received
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  Speaker 1: word that the authority had been granted. In a few days,
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  Speaker 1: I received word from Fort Sill that the President had
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  Speaker 1: ordered the officer in charge to grant permission as requested.
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  Speaker 1: An interview was requested that I might receive the instructions
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  Speaker 1: of the War Department. When I went to Fort Sill,
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  Speaker 1: the officer in command handed me the following brief, which
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  Speaker 1: constituted my instructions. Lawton, Oklahoma, August twelfth, nineteen o five,
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  Speaker 1: Geronimo Apache, Chief S M. Barrett, Superintendent of Schools, Letter
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  Speaker 1: to the President, stating that above mentioned desires to tell
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  Speaker 1: his life story that it may be published, and requests
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  Speaker 1: permission to tell it in his own way, and also
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  Speaker 1: desires assurance that what he has to say will in
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  Speaker 1: no way work a hardship for the Apache Tribe. First endorsement,
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  Speaker 1: War Department, the Military Secretary's Office, Washington, August twenty fifth,
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  Speaker 1: nineteen oh five, Respectfully referred by direction of the Acting
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  Speaker 1: Chief of Staff, through Headquarters, Department of Texas, to the
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  Speaker 1: Officer in charge of the Apache Prisoners of War at
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  Speaker 1: Fort Sill, Oklahoma Territory, for remark and recommendation. Signed E. F. Ladd,
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  Speaker 1: Military Secretary. Second endorsement, Headquarters, Department of Texas, Military Secretary's Office,
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  Speaker 1: San Antonio, August twenty ninth, nineteen oh five, Respectfully transmitted
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  Speaker 1: to First Lieutenant George A. Purrington, eighth Cavalry, in charge
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  Speaker 1: of Apache Prisoners, through Commanding Officer, Fort Sill, Oklahoma Territory,
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  Speaker 1: by command of Brigadier General Lee. Signed C. D. Roberts, Captain,
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  Speaker 1: seventh Infantry, Acting Military Secretary. Third endorsement, Fort Sill, Oklahoma Territory,
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  Speaker 1: August thirty first, nineteen oh five, Respectfully referred to First
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  Speaker 1: Lieutenant G. A. Perrington, eighth Cavalry Officer in charge of
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  Speaker 1: Apache Prisoners of War, for remark and recommendation by order
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  Speaker 1: of Captain Dade. Signed James Longstreet, First Lieutenant and Squadron Adjutant,
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  Speaker 1: thirteenth Cavalry Adjutant, fourth Endorsement, Fort Sill, Oklahoma Territory, September second,
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  Speaker 1: nineteen o five, Respectfully Returned to the Adjutant, Fort Sill,
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  Speaker 1: Oklahoma Territory. I can see no objection to Geronimo telling
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  Speaker 1: the story of his past life, providing he tells the truth.
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  Speaker 1: I would recommend that mister S. M. Barrett be held
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  Speaker 1: responsible for what is written and published. Signed George A. Perrington,
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  Speaker 1: First Lieutenant, eighth Cavalry in charge of Apache Prisoners of War,
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  Speaker 1: Fifth Endorsement, Fort Sill, Oklahoma Territory, September fourth, nineteen o five,
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  Speaker 1: Respectfully Returned to the Military Secretary Department of Texas, San Antonio, Texas,
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  Speaker 1: inviting attention to fourth Endorsement HURON. It is recommended that
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  Speaker 1: the manuscript be submitted before publication to Lieutenant Perrington, who
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  Speaker 1: can pass upon the truth of the story. Signed A. L. Dade,
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  Speaker 1: Captain thirteenth Cavalry Commanding sixth Endorsement, Headquarters, Department of Texas,
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  Speaker 1: San Antonio, September eighth, nineteen o five, Respectfully returned to
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  Speaker 1: the Military Secretary, War Department, Warshington, d C. Inviting attention
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  Speaker 1: to the preceding endorsement HURON, which is concurred in. Signed J. M. Lee,
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  Speaker 1: Brigadier General, Commanding seventh Indorsement, War Department, Office of the
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  Speaker 1: Chief of Staff, Washington, September thirteenth, nineteen o five, Respectfully
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  Speaker 1: submitted to the Honorable the Secretary of War inviting attention
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  Speaker 1: to the foregoing endorsements. Signed J. C. Bates, Major General,
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  Speaker 1: Acting Chief of Staff, eighth Endorsement, War Department, September fifteenth,
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  Speaker 1: nineteen o five, Respectfully returned to the Acting Chief of
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  Speaker 1: Staff to grant the necessary authority in this matter through
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  Speaker 1: official channels, with the express understanding that the manuscript of
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  Speaker 1: the book shall be submitted to him before publication. Upon
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  Speaker 1: receipt of such manuscript, the Chief of Staff will submit
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  Speaker 1: it to such person as he may select as competent
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  Speaker 1: to make a proper and critical inspection of the proposed publication.
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  Speaker 1: Signed Robert Shaw Oliver, Acting Secretary of War, ninth Endorsement,
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  Speaker 1: War Department, the Military Secretary's Office, Washington, September eighteenth, nineteen
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  Speaker 1: respectfully returned by direction of the Acting Chief of Staff
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  Speaker 1: to the Commanding General, Department of Texas, who will give
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  Speaker 1: the necessary instructions for carrying out the directions of the
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  Speaker 1: Acting Secretary of War contained in the eighth endorsement. It
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  Speaker 1: is desired that mister Barrett be advised accordingly. Signed Henry P. McCain,
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  Speaker 1: Military Secretary, Tenth Endorsement, Headquarters, Department of Texas, Military Secretary's Office,
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  Speaker 1: San Antonio, September twenty third, nineteen oh five, Respectfully referred
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  Speaker 1: to the Commanding Officer Fort Sill, Oklahoma Territory, who will
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  Speaker 1: give the necessary instructions for carrying out the direction of
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  Speaker 1: the Acting Secretary of War contained in the eighth endorsement.
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  Speaker 1: Here On this paper will be shown and fully explained
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  Speaker 1: to mister Barrett, and then returned to these headquarters by
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  Speaker 1: order of Colonel Hughes. Signed George Van Horne Moseley, First Lieutenant,
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  Speaker 1: First Cavalry, Aide de camp, Acting Military Secretary. Early in
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  Speaker 1: October I secured the services of an educated Indian Asa
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  Speaker 1: dec Luji, son of Hull, Chief of the net nay
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  Speaker 1: Apaches as interpreter, and the work of compiling the book began.
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  Speaker 1: Geronimo refused to talk when a stenographer was present or
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  Speaker 1: to wait for corrections or questions when telling the story.
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  Speaker 1: Each day, he had in mind what he would tell,
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  Speaker 1: and told it in a very clear, brief manner. He
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  Speaker 1: might prefer to talk at his own teepee, at asadc.
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  Speaker 1: Lugi's house in some mountain dell, or as he rode
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  Speaker 1: in a swinging gallop across the prairie, wherever his fancy
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  Speaker 1: led him. There he told whatever he wished to tell,
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  Speaker 1: and no more. On the day that he first gave
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  Speaker 1: any portion of his autobiography, he would not be questioned
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  Speaker 1: about any details, nor would he add another word, but
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  Speaker 1: simply said, write what I have spoken, and left us
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  Speaker 1: to remember and write the story without one bit of assistance.
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  Speaker 1: He would agree, however, to come on another day to
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  Speaker 1: my study or any place designated by me, and listen
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  Speaker 1: to the reproduction in apache of what had been told,
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  Speaker 1: And at such times he would answer all questions or
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  Speaker 1: add information wherever he could be convinced that it was necessary.
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  Speaker 1: He soon became so tired of bookmaking that he would
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  Speaker 1: have abandoned the task, but for the fact that he
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  Speaker 1: had agreed to tell the complete story. When he once
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  Speaker 1: gives his word, nothing will turn him from fulfilling his promise.
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  Speaker 1: A very striking illustration of this was furnished by him
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  Speaker 1: early in January nineteen o six. He had agreed to
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  Speaker 1: come to my study on a certain date, But at
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  Speaker 1: the appointed hour the interpreter came alone and said that
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  Speaker 1: Geronimo was very sick with cold and fever. He had
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  Speaker 1: come to tell me that we must appoint another date,
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  Speaker 1: as he feared the old warrior had an attack of pneumonia.
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  Speaker 1: It was a cold day, and the interpreter drew a
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  Speaker 1: chair up to the grate to warm himself after the
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  Speaker 1: exposure of the long ride. Just as he was seating himself,
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  Speaker 1: he looked out of the window, then rose quickly, and
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  Speaker 1: without speaking, pointed to a rapidly moving object coming our way.
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  Speaker 1: In a moment, I recognized the old Chief, riding furiously,
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  Speaker 1: evidently trying to arrive as soon as the interpreter did.
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  Speaker 1: His horse flecked with foam and reeling from exhaustion. Dismounting,
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  Speaker 1: he came in and said in a hoarse whisper I
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  Speaker 1: promised to come. I am here. I explained to him
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  Speaker 1: that I had not expected him to come on such
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  Speaker 1: a stormy day, and that in his physical condition he
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  Speaker 1: must not try to work. He stood for some time,
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  Speaker 1: and then, without speaking, left the room, remounted his tired pony,
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  Speaker 1: and with bowed head, faced ten long miles of cold
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  Speaker 1: north wind. He had kept his promise. When he had
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  Speaker 1: finished his story, I submitted the manuscript to Major Charles W. Taylor,
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  Speaker 1: eighteenth Cavalry Commandant, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, who gave me some
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  Speaker 1: valuable suggestions as to additional related information, which I asked
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  Speaker 1: Geronimo to give. In most cases, the old chief gave
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  Speaker 1: the desired information, but in some instances he refused, stating
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  Speaker 1: his reasons for so doing. When the added information had
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  Speaker 1: been incorporated, I submitted the manuscript to President Roosevelt, from
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  Speaker 1: whose letter I quote, this is a very interesting volume
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  Speaker 1: which you have in manuscript, But I would advise that
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  Speaker 1: you disclaim responsibility in all cases where the reputation of
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  Speaker 1: an individual is assailed. In accordance with that suggestion, I
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  Speaker 1: have appended notes throughout the book disclaiming responsibility for adverse
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  Speaker 1: criticisms of any persons mentioned by Geronimo. On June two,
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  Speaker 1: nineteen o six, I transmitted the complete manuscript to the
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  Speaker 1: War Department. The following quotation is from the letter of transmission,
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  Speaker 1: in accordance with Endorsement number eight of the brief submitted
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  Speaker 1: to me by the Commanding Officer of Fort Sill, which
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  Speaker 1: endorsement constituted the instructions of the Department. I submit herewith
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  Speaker 1: the manuscript of the Autobiography of Geronimo. The manuscript has
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  Speaker 1: been submitted to the President, and at his suggestion, I
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  Speaker 1: have disclaimed any responsibility for the criticisms made by Geronimo
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  Speaker 1: of individuals mentioned. In six weeks after the manuscript was forwarded,
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  Speaker 1: Thomas C. Barry, Brigadier General, Assistant to the Chief of Staff,
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  Speaker 1: sent to the President the following memorandum for the Secretary
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  Speaker 1: of War, subject Manuscript of the Autobiography of Geronimo. The
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  Speaker 1: paper herewith which was referred to this office on July six,
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  Speaker 1: with instructions to report as to whether there is anything
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  Speaker 1: objectionable in it, is returned. The manuscript is an interesting
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  Speaker 1: autobiography of a notable Indian made by himself. There are
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  Speaker 1: a number of passages which from the departmental point of
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  Speaker 1: view are decidedly objectionable. These are found on pages seventy three,
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  Speaker 1: seventy four, ninety, ninety one, and ninety seven and are
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  Speaker 1: indicated by marginal lines in red. The entire manuscript appears
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  Speaker 1: in a way important as showing the Indian side of
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  Speaker 1: a prolonged controversy, but it is believed that the document,
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  Speaker 1: either in whole or in part, should not receive the
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  Speaker 1: approval of the War Department. The memorandum is published that
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  Speaker 1: the objections of the War Department may be made known
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  Speaker 1: to the public. The objection is raised to the mention
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  Speaker 1: on pages seventy three and seventy four of the manuscript
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  Speaker 1: of an attack upon Indians in a tent at Apache
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  Speaker 1: Pass or Bowie by U. S. Soldiers. The statement of
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  Speaker 1: Geronimo is however, substantially confirmed by L. C. Hughes, editor
• 18:38
  Speaker 1: of The Star, Tucson, Arizona. On pages ninety and ninety
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  Speaker 1: one of the manuscript, Geronimo criticized General Cook. This criticism
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  Speaker 1: is simply Geronimo's private opinion of General Cook. We deem
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  Speaker 1: it a personal matter and leave it without comment, as
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  Speaker 1: it in no way concerns the history of the ap Packs.
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  Speaker 1: On page ninety seven of the manuscript, Geronimo accuses General
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  Speaker 1: Miles of bad faith. Of course, General Miles made the
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  Speaker 1: treaty with the Apaches, but we know very well that
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  Speaker 1: he is not responsible for the way the government subsequently
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  Speaker 1: treated the prisoners of war. However, Geronimo cannot understand this,
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  Speaker 1: and fixes upon General Miles the blame for what he
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  Speaker 1: calls unjust treatment. One could not expect the Department of
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  Speaker 1: War to approve adverse criticisms of its own acts, but
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  Speaker 1: it is especially gratifying that such a liberal view has
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  Speaker 1: been taken of these criticisms, and also that such a
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  Speaker 1: frank statement of the merits of the autobiography is submitted
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  Speaker 1: in the memorandum. Of course, neither the President nor the
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  Speaker 1: War Department is in any way responsible for what Geronimo says.
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  Speaker 1: He has simply been granted the opportunity to state his
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  Speaker 1: own case as he sees it. The fact that Geronimo
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  Speaker 1: has told the story in his own way is doubtless
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  Speaker 1: the only excuse necessary to offer for the many unconventional
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  Speaker 1: features of this work. End of dedicatory preface and introductory
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  Speaker 1: Section one, Part one of the Apaches. Chapter one origin
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  Speaker 1: of the apache Indians. In the beginning, the world was
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  Speaker 1: covered with darkness. There was no sun, no day. The
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  Speaker 1: perpetual night had no moon or stars. There were, however,
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  Speaker 1: all manner of beasts and birds. Among the beasts were
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  Speaker 1: many hideous, nameless monsters, as well as dragons, lions, tigers, wolves, foxes, beavers, rabbits, squirrels, rats, mice,
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  Speaker 1: and all manner of creeping things, such as lizards and serpents.
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  Speaker 1: Mankind could not prosper under such conditions, for the beasts
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  Speaker 1: and serpents destroyed all human offspring. All creatures had the
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  Speaker 1: power of speech and were gifted with reason. There were
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  Speaker 1: two tribes of creatures, the birds, or the feathered tribe,
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  Speaker 1: and the beasts. The former were organized under their chief,
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  Speaker 1: the eagle. These tribes often held councils, and the birds
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  Speaker 1: wanted light. Admitted this, the beasts repeatedly refused to do. Finally,
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  Speaker 1: the birds made war against the beasts. The beasts were
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  Speaker 1: armed with clubs, but the eagle had taught his tribe
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  Speaker 1: to use bows and arrows. The serpents were so wise
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  Speaker 1: that they could not all be killed. One took refuge
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  Speaker 1: in a perpendicular cliff of a mountain in Arizona, and
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  Speaker 1: his eye changed into a brilliant stone may be seen
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  Speaker 1: in that rock to this day. The bears, when killed,
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  Speaker 1: would each be changed into several other bears, so that
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  Speaker 1: the more bears the feathered tribe killed, the more there were.
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  Speaker 1: The dragon could not be killed either, for he was
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  Speaker 1: covered with four coats of horny scales, and the arrows
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  Speaker 1: would not penetrate these. One of the most hideous vile monsters,
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  Speaker 1: nameless was proof against arrows. So the eagle flew high
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  Speaker 1: up in the air with a round white stone and
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  Speaker 1: let it fall on this monster's head, killing him instantly.
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  Speaker 1: This was such a good service that the stone was
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  Speaker 1: called sacred. A symbol of this stone is used in
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  Speaker 1: the tribal game of Ka. They fought for many days,
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  Speaker 1: but at last the birds won the victory. After this
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  Speaker 1: war was over, although some evil beasts remained, the birds
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  Speaker 1: were able to control the councils, and light was admitted.
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  Speaker 1: Then man could live and prosper. The eagle was chief
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  Speaker 1: in this good fight. Therefore his feathers were worn by
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  Speaker 1: man as emblems of wisdom, justice, and power. Among the
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  Speaker 1: few human beings that were yet alive was a woman
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  Speaker 1: who had been blessed with many children, but these had
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  Speaker 1: always been destroyed by the beasts. If by any means
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  Speaker 1: she succeeded in eluding the others, the dragon, who was
• 23:26
  Speaker 1: very wise and very evil, would come himself and eat
• 23:30
  Speaker 1: her babes. After many years, a son of the rainstorm
• 23:35
  Speaker 1: was born to her, and she dug for him a
• 23:38
  Speaker 1: deep cave. The entrance to this cave she closed, and
• 23:42
  Speaker 1: over the spot built a camp fire. This concealed the
• 23:45
  Speaker 1: babe's hiding place and kept him warm. Every day she
• 23:49
  Speaker 1: would remove the fire and descend into the cave where
• 23:53
  Speaker 1: the child's bed was to nurse him. Then she would
• 23:56
  Speaker 1: return and rebuild the campfire. Frequently the dragon would come
• 24:01
  Speaker 1: and question her, but she would say, I have no
• 24:05
  Speaker 1: more children. You have eaten all of them. When the
• 24:09
  Speaker 1: child was larger, he would not always stay in the cave,
• 24:13
  Speaker 1: for he sometimes wanted to run and play. Once the
• 24:17
  Speaker 1: dragon saw his tracks. Now this perplexed and enraged the
• 24:21
  Speaker 1: old dragon, for he could not find the hiding place
• 24:24
  Speaker 1: of the boy. But he said that he would destroy
• 24:27
  Speaker 1: the mother if she did not reveal the child's hiding place.
• 24:32
  Speaker 1: The poor mother was very much troubled. She could not
• 24:36
  Speaker 1: give up her child, but she knew the power and
• 24:39
  Speaker 1: cunning of the dragon. Therefore she lived in constant fear.
• 24:45
  Speaker 1: Soon after this, the boy said he wished to go hunting.
• 24:49
  Speaker 1: The mother would not give her consent. She told him
• 24:53
  Speaker 1: of the dragon, the wolves, and the serpents, but he said,
• 24:58
  Speaker 1: tomorrow I go. At the boy's request, his uncle, who
• 25:03
  Speaker 1: was the only man then living, made a little bow
• 25:06
  Speaker 1: and some arrows for him, and the two went hunting.
• 25:09
  Speaker 1: The next day, they trailed the deer far up the mountain,
• 25:14
  Speaker 1: and finally the boy killed a buck. His uncle showed
• 25:17
  Speaker 1: him how to dress the deer and broil the meat.
• 25:20
  Speaker 1: They broiled two hind quarters, one for the child and
• 25:24
  Speaker 1: one for his uncle. When the meat was done, they
• 25:28
  Speaker 1: placed it on some bushes to cool. Just then the
• 25:32
  Speaker 1: huge form of the dragon appeared. The child was not afraid,
• 25:37
  Speaker 1: but his uncle was so dumb with fright that he
• 25:40
  Speaker 1: did not speak or move. The dragon took the boy's
• 25:44
  Speaker 1: parcel of meat and went aside with it. He placed
• 25:47
  Speaker 1: the meat on another bush and seated himself beside it.
• 25:52
  Speaker 1: Then he said, this is the child I have been seeking. Boy.
• 25:57
  Speaker 1: You are nice and fat, so when I have eaten
• 26:00
  Speaker 1: this venison, I shall eat you. The boy said, no,
• 26:06
  Speaker 1: you shall not eat me, and you shall not eat
• 26:10
  Speaker 1: that meat. So he walked over to where the dragon
• 26:13
  Speaker 1: sat and took the meat back to his own seat.
• 26:17
  Speaker 1: The dragon said, I like your courage, but you are foolish.
• 26:23
  Speaker 1: What do you think you could do? Well, said the boy.
• 26:27
  Speaker 1: I can do enough to protect myself, as you may
• 26:30
  Speaker 1: find out. Then the dragon took the meat again, and
• 26:34
  Speaker 1: then the boy retook it four times in all. The
• 26:38
  Speaker 1: dragon took the meat, and after the fourth time, the
• 26:42
  Speaker 1: boy replaced the meat. He said, dragon, will you fight me?
• 26:47
  Speaker 1: The dragon said yes, in whatever way you like. The
• 26:51
  Speaker 1: boy said, I will stand one hundred paces distant from you,
• 26:57
  Speaker 1: and you may have four shots at me with your
• 27:00
  Speaker 1: bow and arrows, provided that you will then exchange places
• 27:05
  Speaker 1: with me and give me four shots. Good, said the dragon.
• 27:10
  Speaker 1: Stand up. Then the dragon took his bowl, which was
• 27:14
  Speaker 1: made of a large pine tree. He took four arrows
• 27:18
  Speaker 1: from his quiver. They were made of young pine tree saplings,
• 27:22
  Speaker 1: and each arrow was twenty feet in length. He took
• 27:27
  Speaker 1: deliberate aim, but just as the arrow left the bowl,
• 27:32
  Speaker 1: the boy made a peculiar sound and leaped into the air. Immediately,
• 27:38
  Speaker 1: the arrow was shivered into eight thousand splinters, and the
• 27:42
  Speaker 1: boy was seen standing on the top of a bright
• 27:46
  Speaker 1: rainbow over the spot where the dragon's aim had been directed.
• 27:51
  Speaker 1: Soon the rainbow was gone and the boy was standing
• 27:55
  Speaker 1: on the ground again. Four times this was repeated. Then
• 28:00
  Speaker 1: the boy said, dragon, stand here, it is my time
• 28:05
  Speaker 1: to shoot. The dragon said, all right, your little arrows
• 28:11
  Speaker 1: cannot pierce my first coat of horn, and I have
• 28:15
  Speaker 1: three other coats. Shoot away. The boy shot an arrow,
• 28:20
  Speaker 1: striking the dragon just over the heart, and one coat
• 28:25
  Speaker 1: of the great horny scales fell to the ground. The
• 28:29
  Speaker 1: next shot another coat, and then another, and the dragon's
• 28:34
  Speaker 1: heart was exposed. Then the dragon trembled but could not move.
• 28:40
  Speaker 1: Before the fourth arrow was shot, the boy said, uncle,
• 28:44
  Speaker 1: you are dumb with fear. You have not moved. Come here,
• 28:49
  Speaker 1: or the dragon will fall on you. His uncle ran
• 28:52
  Speaker 1: toward him. Then he sped the fourth arrow with true aim,
• 28:57
  Speaker 1: and it pierced the dragon's heart with a tremendous roar.
• 29:02
  Speaker 1: The dragon rolled down the mountain side down four precipices
• 29:08
  Speaker 1: into a canyon below. Immediately, storm clouds swept the mountains,
• 29:14
  Speaker 1: Lightning flashed, thunder rolled, and the rain poured. When the
• 29:19
  Speaker 1: rain storm had passed far down in the canyon below,
• 29:23
  Speaker 1: they could see fragments of the huge body of the
• 29:26
  Speaker 1: dragon lying among the rocks, and the bones of this
• 29:30
  Speaker 1: dragon may still be found there. This boy's name was Apache.
• 29:37
  Speaker 1: Usun taught him how to prepare herbs for medicine, how
• 29:41
  Speaker 1: to hunt, and how to fight. He was the first
• 29:45
  Speaker 1: chief of the Indians and wore the eagle's feathers as
• 29:48
  Speaker 1: the sign of justice, wisdom, and power to him and
• 29:54
  Speaker 1: to his people. As they were created, Usen gave homes
• 29:59
  Speaker 1: in the land the west. Chapter two subdivisions of the
• 30:05
  Speaker 1: Apache tribe. The Apache Indians are divided into six subtribes.
• 30:11
  Speaker 1: To one of these, the badonkahey I belong. Our tribe
• 30:15
  Speaker 1: inhabited that region of mountainous country which lies west from
• 30:20
  Speaker 1: the east line of Arizona and south from the headwaters
• 30:24
  Speaker 1: of the Hila River. East of us lived the chechene
• 30:28
  Speaker 1: Ojo Caliente hot Springs Apaches. Our tribe never had any
• 30:33
  Speaker 1: difficulty with them. Victoria, their chief, was always a friend
• 30:37
  Speaker 1: to me. He always helped our tribe when we asked
• 30:41
  Speaker 1: him for help. He lost his life in the defense
• 30:44
  Speaker 1: of the rights of his people. He was a good
• 30:47
  Speaker 1: man and a brave warrior. His son, Charlie, now lives
• 30:51
  Speaker 1: here in this reservation with us. North of us lived
• 30:55
  Speaker 1: the White Mountain Apaches. They were not always on the
• 30:59
  Speaker 1: best of terms with our tribe, yet we seldom had
• 31:02
  Speaker 1: any war with them. I knew their chief, Hashkayala, personally,
• 31:07
  Speaker 1: and I considered him a good warrior. Their range was
• 31:11
  Speaker 1: next to that of the Navajo Indians, who were not
• 31:14
  Speaker 1: of the same blood as the Apaches. We held councils
• 31:18
  Speaker 1: with all Apache tribes, but never with the Navajo Indians. However,
• 31:23
  Speaker 1: we traded with them and sometimes visited them. To the
• 31:27
  Speaker 1: west of our country ranged the Chiahen Apaches. They had
• 31:31
  Speaker 1: two chiefs within my time, Cossito and Kodahoya. They were
• 31:36
  Speaker 1: friendly but not intimate with our tribe. South of us
• 31:40
  Speaker 1: lived the Chikonan Chirakawa Apaches, whose chief in the old
• 31:44
  Speaker 1: days was Coochies and later his son Nichi. This tribe
• 31:49
  Speaker 1: was always on the most friendly terms with us. We
• 31:53
  Speaker 1: were often in camp and on the trail together. Naichi,
• 31:57
  Speaker 1: who was my companion in arms, is now my companion
• 32:01
  Speaker 1: in bondage. To the south and west of us lived
• 32:04
  Speaker 1: the net Naie Apaches. Their chief was Ho, called by
• 32:08
  Speaker 1: the Mexicans Capitan Ho. They were our firm friends. The
• 32:14
  Speaker 1: land of this tribe lies partly in Old Mexico and
• 32:17
  Speaker 1: partly in Arizona. Ho and I often camped and fought
• 32:21
  Speaker 1: side by side as brothers. My enemies were his enemies,
• 32:26
  Speaker 1: my friends his friends. He is dead now, but his
• 32:30
  Speaker 1: son Aesa is interpreting this story for me still. The
• 32:35
  Speaker 1: four tribes, but don Kahe, Chikonan, Jiehen and net Nai,
• 32:40
  Speaker 1: who were fast friends in the days of freedom, cling
• 32:43
  Speaker 1: together as they decrease in number. Only the destruction of
• 32:47
  Speaker 1: all our people would dissolve our bonds of friendship. We
• 32:53
  Speaker 1: are vanishing from the earth. Yet I cannot think we
• 32:56
  Speaker 1: are useless, or Usun would not have created us. He
• 33:01
  Speaker 1: created all tribes of men, and certainly had a righteous
• 33:06
  Speaker 1: purpose in creating each. For each tribe of men Usuin created,
• 33:11
  Speaker 1: he also made a home in the land created for
• 33:14
  Speaker 1: any particular tribe, he placed whatever would be best for
• 33:19
  Speaker 1: the welfare of that tribe. When Usin created the Apaches,
• 33:23
  Speaker 1: he also created their homes in the west. He gave
• 33:27
  Speaker 1: to them such grain, fruits, and game as they needed.
• 33:30
  Speaker 1: To eat to restore their health. When disease attacked them,
• 33:34
  Speaker 1: he made many different herbs to grow. He taught them
• 33:38
  Speaker 1: where to find these herbs and how to prepare them
• 33:41
  Speaker 1: for medicine. He gave them a pleasant climate, and all
• 33:45
  Speaker 1: they needed for clothing and shelter was at hand. Thus
• 33:49
  Speaker 1: it was in the beginning the apaches and their homes,
• 33:52
  Speaker 1: each created for the other by usin himself. When they
• 33:57
  Speaker 1: are taken from these homes, they sickened and die. How
• 34:02
  Speaker 1: long will it be until it is said there are
• 34:05
  Speaker 1: no Apaches? Chapter three, Early Life. I was born in
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: Nadoyan Canyon, Arizona, June eighteen, twenty nine, in that country
• 34:17
  Speaker 1: which lies around the headwaters of the Hila River. I
• 34:20
  Speaker 1: was reared. This range was our fatherland. Among these mountains,
• 34:25
  Speaker 1: our wigwams were hidden. The scattered valleys contained our fields.
• 34:30
  Speaker 1: The boundless prairies stretching away on every side were our pastures.
• 34:34
  Speaker 1: The rocky caverns were our burying places. I was fourth
• 34:39
  Speaker 1: in a family of eight children, four boys and four girls.
• 34:44
  Speaker 1: Of that family, only myself, my brother Porco Whitehorse, and
• 34:49
  Speaker 1: my sister Nadatzi are yet alive. We are held as
• 34:53
  Speaker 1: prisoners of war in this military reservation Fort Sill. As
• 34:58
  Speaker 1: a babe, I rolled on the dirt floor of my
• 35:01
  Speaker 1: father's teepee, hung in my so apatchy name for cradle,
• 35:05
  Speaker 1: at my mother's back, or suspended from the bow of
• 35:08
  Speaker 1: a tree. I was warmed by the sun, rocked by
• 35:13
  Speaker 1: the winds, and sheltered by the trees. As other Indian babes.
• 35:18
  Speaker 1: When a child, my mother taught me the legends of
• 35:20
  Speaker 1: our people. Taught me of the sun and sky, the
• 35:24
  Speaker 1: moon and stars, the clouds and storms. She also taught
• 35:29
  Speaker 1: me to kneel and pray to Usin for strength, health,
• 35:34
  Speaker 1: wisdom and protection. We never prayed against any person, but
• 35:39
  Speaker 1: if we had aught against any individual, we ourselves took vengeance.
• 35:45
  Speaker 1: We were taught that Usuin does not care for the
• 35:48
  Speaker 1: petty quarrels of men. My father had often told me
• 35:51
  Speaker 1: of the brave deeds of our warriors, of the pleasures
• 35:54
  Speaker 1: of the chase and the glories of the war path.
• 35:58
  Speaker 1: With my brothers and sisters, I played about my father's home.
• 36:02
  Speaker 1: Sometimes we played at hide and seek among the rocks
• 36:05
  Speaker 1: and pines. Sometimes we loitered in the shade of the
• 36:09
  Speaker 1: cottonwood trees or sought the shotuck, a kind of wild cherry.
• 36:13
  Speaker 1: While our parents worked in the field, sometimes we played
• 36:17
  Speaker 1: that we were warriors. We would practice stealing upon some
• 36:21
  Speaker 1: object that represented an enemy, and in our childish imitation,
• 36:26
  Speaker 1: often performed the feats of war. Sometimes we would hide
• 36:30
  Speaker 1: away from our mother to see if she could find us,
• 36:34
  Speaker 1: and often, when thus concealed, go to sleep and perhaps
• 36:38
  Speaker 1: remain hidden for many hours. When we were old enough
• 36:42
  Speaker 1: to be of real service, we went to the field
• 36:44
  Speaker 1: with our parents, not to play, but to toil. When
• 36:49
  Speaker 1: the crops were to be planted, we broke the ground
• 36:51
  Speaker 1: with wooden hose. We planted the corn in straight rows,
• 36:55
  Speaker 1: the beans among the corn, and the melons and pumpkins
• 36:59
  Speaker 1: in irregular order over the field. We cultivated these crops
• 37:03
  Speaker 1: as there was need. Our field usually contained about two
• 37:08
  Speaker 1: acres of ground. The fields were never fenced. It was
• 37:12
  Speaker 1: common for many families to cultivate land in the same
• 37:15
  Speaker 1: valley and share the burden of protecting the growing crops
• 37:20
  Speaker 1: from the destruction by the ponies of the tribe or
• 37:23
  Speaker 1: by deer and other wild animals. Melons were gathered as
• 37:28
  Speaker 1: they were consumed in the autumn. Pumpkins and beans were
• 37:31
  Speaker 1: gathered and placed in bags or baskets. Ears of corn
• 37:35
  Speaker 1: were tied together by the husks, and then the harvest
• 37:39
  Speaker 1: was carried on the backs of ponies up to our homes.
• 37:42
  Speaker 1: Here the corn was shelled, and all the harvest stored
• 37:45
  Speaker 1: away in caves or other secluded places, to be used
• 37:49
  Speaker 1: in winter. We never fed corn to our ponies, but
• 37:54
  Speaker 1: if we kept them up in the winter time, we
• 37:56
  Speaker 1: gave them fodder to eat. We had no cattle or
• 38:00
  Speaker 1: other domestic animals except our dogs and ponies. We did
• 38:04
  Speaker 1: not cultivate tobacco, but found it growing wild. This we
• 38:08
  Speaker 1: cut and cured in autumn, but if the supply ran out,
• 38:12
  Speaker 1: the leaves from the stalks left standing served our purpose.
• 38:16
  Speaker 1: All Indians smoked, men and women. No boy was allowed
• 38:20
  Speaker 1: to smoke until he had hunted alone and killed large game,
• 38:24
  Speaker 1: wolves and bears. Unmarried women were not prohibited from smoking,
• 38:30
  Speaker 1: but were considered immodest if they did so. Nearly all
• 38:34
  Speaker 1: matrons smoked. Besides grinding the corn by hand with stone
• 38:38
  Speaker 1: mortars and pestles for bread, we sometimes crushed it and
• 38:42
  Speaker 1: soaked it, and after it had fermented, made from this
• 38:46
  Speaker 1: juice a tiswin, which had the power of intoxication, and
• 38:50
  Speaker 1: was very highly prized by the Indians. This work was
• 38:54
  Speaker 1: done by the squaws and children. When berries or nuts
• 38:58
  Speaker 1: were to be gathered, the small children and the squaws
• 39:01
  Speaker 1: would go in parties to hunt them, and sometimes stay
• 39:04
  Speaker 1: all day. When they went any great distance from camp,
• 39:08
  Speaker 1: they took ponies to carry the baskets. I frequently went
• 39:12
  Speaker 1: with these parties, and upon one of these excursions, a
• 39:15
  Speaker 1: woman named Chocoli got lost from the party. Anne was
• 39:19
  Speaker 1: riding her pony through a thicket in search of her friends.
• 39:23
  Speaker 1: Her little dog was following As she slowly made her
• 39:26
  Speaker 1: way through the thick underbrush and pine trees. All at once,
• 39:30
  Speaker 1: a grizzly bear rose in her path and attacked the pony.
• 39:34
  Speaker 1: She jumped off and her pony escaped, but the bear
• 39:37
  Speaker 1: attacked her, so she fought him the best she could
• 39:40
  Speaker 1: with her knife. Her little dog, by snapping at the
• 39:43
  Speaker 1: bear's heels and detracting his attention from the woman, enabled
• 39:47
  Speaker 1: her for some time to keep pretty well out of
• 39:50
  Speaker 1: his reach. Finally, the grizzly struck her over the head,
• 39:54
  Speaker 1: tearing off almost her whole scalp. She fell, but did
• 39:58
  Speaker 1: not lose consciousness, and while prostrate struck him four good
• 40:03
  Speaker 1: licks with her knife, and he retreated. After he had gone,
• 40:07
  Speaker 1: she replaced her torn scalp and bounded up as best
• 40:10
  Speaker 1: she could. Then she turned deathly sick and had to
• 40:14
  Speaker 1: lie down. That night, her pony came into camp with
• 40:17
  Speaker 1: his load of nuts and berries, but no rider. The
• 40:22
  Speaker 1: Indians hunted for her, but did not find her until
• 40:25
  Speaker 1: the second day. They carried her home, and under the
• 40:28
  Speaker 1: treatment of their medicine men, all her wounds were healed.
• 40:33
  Speaker 1: The Indians knew what herbs to use for medicine, how
• 40:37
  Speaker 1: to prepare them, and how to give the medicine. This
• 40:40
  Speaker 1: they had been taught by usin in the beginning, and
• 40:44
  Speaker 1: each succeeding generation had men who were skilled in the
• 40:47
  Speaker 1: art of healing, in gathering the herbs, in preparing them,
• 40:52
  Speaker 1: and in administering the medicine. As much faith was held
• 40:56
  Speaker 1: in prayer as in the actual effect of the medicine.
• 41:01
  Speaker 1: Usually about eight persons worked together in making medicine, and
• 41:05
  Speaker 1: there were forms of prayer and incantations to attend each
• 41:08
  Speaker 1: stage of the process. Four attended to the incantations and
• 41:13
  Speaker 1: four to the preparation of the herbs. Some of the
• 41:17
  Speaker 1: Indians were skilled in cutting out bullets, arrowheads, and other
• 41:21
  Speaker 1: missiles with which warriors were wounded. I myself have done
• 41:25
  Speaker 1: much of this using a common dirk or butcher knife.
• 41:29
  Speaker 1: Small children wore very little clothing in winter and none
• 41:33
  Speaker 1: in the summer. Women usually wore a primitive skirt which
• 41:37
  Speaker 1: consisted of a piece of cotton cloth fastened about the
• 41:41
  Speaker 1: waist and extending to the knees. Men wore breech cloths
• 41:45
  Speaker 1: and moccasins. In winter, they had shirts and leggings. In addition, frequently,
• 41:51
  Speaker 1: when the tribe was in camp, a number of boys
• 41:54
  Speaker 1: and girls, by agreement, would steal away and meet at
• 41:57
  Speaker 1: a place several miles distant. They could play all day,
• 42:01
  Speaker 1: free from tasks. They were never punished for these frolics,
• 42:06
  Speaker 1: but if their hiding places were discovered, they were ridiculed.
• 42:12
  Speaker 1: And of Part one of the Apaches, Section two of
• 42:16
  Speaker 1: Geronimo's Story of his Life. This is a LibriVox recording.
• 42:20
  Speaker 1: All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more
• 42:24
  Speaker 1: information what a Volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Recording
• 42:30
  Speaker 1: by Sue Anderson. Geronimo's Story of his Life by Geronimo,
• 42:37
  Speaker 1: transcribed by S. M. Barrett and translated by asidec Luji.
• 42:42
  Speaker 1: Section two, Part two of the Apaches, Chapter four tribal amusements, manners,
• 42:50
  Speaker 1: and customs. To celebrate each noted event, a feast and
• 42:56
  Speaker 1: dance would be given. Perhaps only our own people, perhaps
• 43:00
  Speaker 1: neighboring tribes would be invited. These festivities usually lasted for
• 43:05
  Speaker 1: about four days. By day, we feasted. By night, under
• 43:10
  Speaker 1: the direction of some chief, we danced. The music for
• 43:14
  Speaker 1: our dance was singing led by the warriors, and accompanied
• 43:18
  Speaker 1: by beating the essadadeni buckskin on a hoop. No words
• 43:23
  Speaker 1: were sung, only the tones. When the feasting and dancing
• 43:27
  Speaker 1: were over, we would have horse races, foot races, wrestling, jumping,
• 43:32
  Speaker 1: and all sorts of games gambling. Among these games, the
• 43:37
  Speaker 1: most noted was the tribal game of ka foot. It
• 43:42
  Speaker 1: is played as follows. Four moccasins are placed about four
• 43:46
  Speaker 1: feet apart in holes in the ground, dug in a
• 43:50
  Speaker 1: row on one side of the camp and on the
• 43:53
  Speaker 1: opposite side a similar parallel row. At night, a camp
• 43:57
  Speaker 1: fire is started between these two rows of moccasins, and
• 44:01
  Speaker 1: the players are arranged on sides, one or any number
• 44:05
  Speaker 1: on each side. The score is kept by a bundle
• 44:09
  Speaker 1: of sticks, from which each side takes a stick for
• 44:12
  Speaker 1: every point one first, one side takes the bone, a
• 44:17
  Speaker 1: symbol of the white rock used by the eagle in slain.
• 44:20
  Speaker 1: The nameless Monster puts up blankets between the four moccasins
• 44:24
  Speaker 1: and the fire so that the opposing team cannot observe
• 44:28
  Speaker 1: their movements, and then begin to sing the legends of Creation.
• 44:33
  Speaker 1: The side having the bone represents the feathered tribe, the
• 44:37
  Speaker 1: opposite side represents the beasts. The players representing the birds
• 44:42
  Speaker 1: do all the singing, and while singing, hide the bone
• 44:47
  Speaker 1: in one of the moccasins. Then the blankets are thrown down.
• 44:51
  Speaker 1: They continue to sing, But as soon as the blankets
• 44:55
  Speaker 1: are thrown down, the chosen player from the opposing team,
• 44:59
  Speaker 1: armed with a war club, comes to their side of
• 45:02
  Speaker 1: the campfire and with his club strikes the moccasin in
• 45:06
  Speaker 1: which he thinks the bone is hidden. If he strikes
• 45:10
  Speaker 1: the right moccasin, his side gets the bone and in
• 45:14
  Speaker 1: turn represents the birds, while the opposing team must keep
• 45:18
  Speaker 1: quiet and guess. In turn, there are only four plays,
• 45:23
  Speaker 1: three that lose and one that wins. When all the
• 45:26
  Speaker 1: sticks are gone from the bundle, the side having the
• 45:30
  Speaker 1: largest number of sticks is counted winner. This game is
• 45:35
  Speaker 1: seldom played except as a gambling game, but for that
• 45:39
  Speaker 1: purpose it is the most popular game known to the tribe.
• 45:43
  Speaker 1: Usually the game lasts four or five hours. It is
• 45:47
  Speaker 1: never played in daytime. After the games are all finished,
• 45:51
  Speaker 1: the visitors say, we are satisfied, and the camp is
• 45:55
  Speaker 1: broken up. I was always glad when the dances and
• 45:59
  Speaker 1: feasts were announced, so were all the other young people.
• 46:04
  Speaker 1: Our life also had a religious side. We had no churches,
• 46:08
  Speaker 1: no religious organizations, no Sabbath day, no holidays, and yet
• 46:14
  Speaker 1: we worshiped. Sometimes the whole tribe would assemble to sing
• 46:18
  Speaker 1: and pray, sometimes a smaller number, perhaps only two or three.
• 46:24
  Speaker 1: The songs had a few words, but were not formal.
• 46:28
  Speaker 1: The singer would occasionally put in such words as he
• 46:31
  Speaker 1: wished instead of the usual tone sound. Sometimes we prayed
• 46:36
  Speaker 1: in silence. Sometimes each one prayed aloud. Sometimes an aged
• 46:42
  Speaker 1: person prayed for all of us. At other times one
• 46:46
  Speaker 1: would rise and speak to us of our duties to
• 46:48
  Speaker 1: each other and to usin our services were short. When
• 46:54
  Speaker 1: disease or pestilence abounded, we were assembled and questioned by
• 46:59
  Speaker 1: our leaders to ascertain what evil we had done and
• 47:03
  Speaker 1: how usuin could be satisfied. Sometimes sacrifice was deemed necessary.
• 47:10
  Speaker 1: Sometimes the offending one was punished. If an Apache had
• 47:14
  Speaker 1: allowed his aged parents to suffer for food or shelter,
• 47:19
  Speaker 1: if he had neglected or abused the sick, if he
• 47:22
  Speaker 1: had profaned our religion, or had been unfaithful, he might
• 47:28
  Speaker 1: be banished from the tribe. The Apaches had no prisons
• 47:32
  Speaker 1: as white men have. Instead of sending their criminals into prison,
• 47:37
  Speaker 1: they sent them out of their tribe. These faithless, cruel, lazy,
• 47:42
  Speaker 1: or cowardly members of the tribe were excluded in such
• 47:46
  Speaker 1: a manner that they could not join any other tribe.
• 47:51
  Speaker 1: Neither could they have any protection from our unwritten tribal laws. Frequently,
• 47:57
  Speaker 1: these outlaw Indians banded together and committed depredations which were
• 48:01
  Speaker 1: charged against the regular tribe. However, the life of an
• 48:06
  Speaker 1: outlaw Indian was a hard lot, and their bands never
• 48:10
  Speaker 1: became very large. Besides, these bands frequently provoked the wrath
• 48:15
  Speaker 1: of the tribe and secured their own destruction. When I
• 48:22
  Speaker 1: was about eight or ten years old, I began to
• 48:25
  Speaker 1: follow the chase, and to me, this was never work out.
• 48:30
  Speaker 1: On the prairies which ran up to our mountain homes
• 48:33
  Speaker 1: wandered herds of deer, antelope, elk, and buffalo to be
• 48:38
  Speaker 1: slaughtered when we needed them. Usually we hunted buffalo on horseback,
• 48:44
  Speaker 1: killing them with arrows and spears. Their skins were used
• 48:48
  Speaker 1: to make teepees and bedding, their flesh to eat. It
• 48:53
  Speaker 1: required more skill to hunt the deer than any other animal.
• 48:57
  Speaker 1: We never tried to approach a deer except against the wind.
• 49:01
  Speaker 1: Frequently we would spend hours in stealing upon some grazing deer.
• 49:06
  Speaker 1: If they were in the open, we would crawl long
• 49:09
  Speaker 1: distances on the ground, keeping a weed or brush before
• 49:13
  Speaker 1: us so that our approach would not be noticed. Often
• 49:18
  Speaker 1: we would kill several out of one herd before the
• 49:20
  Speaker 1: others would run away. Their flesh was dried and packed
• 49:24
  Speaker 1: in vessels and would keep in this condition for many months.
• 49:29
  Speaker 1: The hight of the deer was soaked in water and ashes,
• 49:33
  Speaker 1: and the hair removed, and then the process of tanning
• 49:37
  Speaker 1: continued until the buckskin was soft and pliable. Perhaps no
• 49:42
  Speaker 1: other animal was more valuable to us than the deer.
• 49:46
  Speaker 1: In the forests and along the streams were many wild turkeys.
• 49:50
  Speaker 1: These we would drive to the plains, then slowly ride
• 49:54
  Speaker 1: up toward them until they were almost tired out. When
• 49:59
  Speaker 1: they began to drop and hide, we would ride in
• 50:02
  Speaker 1: upon them and by swinging from the side of our
• 50:05
  Speaker 1: horses catch them. If one started to fly, we would
• 50:09
  Speaker 1: ride swiftly under him and kill him with a short
• 50:13
  Speaker 1: stick or hunting club. In this way we could usually
• 50:17
  Speaker 1: get as many wild turkeys as we could carry home
• 50:20
  Speaker 1: on a horse. There were many rabbits in our range,
• 50:24
  Speaker 1: and we also hunted them on horseback. Our horses were
• 50:28
  Speaker 1: trained to follow the rabbit at full speed, and as
• 50:31
  Speaker 1: they approached them, we would swing from one side of
• 50:35
  Speaker 1: the horse and strike the rabbit with our hunting club.
• 50:38
  Speaker 1: If he was too far away, we would throw the
• 50:41
  Speaker 1: stick and kill him. This was great sport when we
• 50:44
  Speaker 1: were boys, but as warriors we seldom hunted small game.
• 50:49
  Speaker 1: There were many fish in the streams, but as we
• 50:53
  Speaker 1: did not eat them, we did not try to catch
• 50:56
  Speaker 1: or kill them. Small boys sometimes threw stone at them
• 51:01
  Speaker 1: or shot at them for practice with their bows and arrows.
• 51:04
  Speaker 1: Usun did not intend snakes, frogs, or fishes to be eaten.
• 51:11
  Speaker 1: I have never eaten of them. There were many eagles
• 51:15
  Speaker 1: in the mountains. These we hunted for their feathers. It
• 51:18
  Speaker 1: required great skill to steal upon an eagle, for besides
• 51:23
  Speaker 1: having sharp eyes, he is wise and never stops at
• 51:27
  Speaker 1: any place where he does not have a good view
• 51:30
  Speaker 1: of the surrounding country. I have killed many bears with
• 51:33
  Speaker 1: a spear, but was never injured in a fight with one.
• 51:37
  Speaker 1: I have killed several mountain lions with arrows, and one
• 51:41
  Speaker 1: with a spear. Both bears and mountain lions are good
• 51:45
  Speaker 1: for food and valuable for their skin. When we killed them,
• 51:48
  Speaker 1: we carried them home on our horses. We often made
• 51:52
  Speaker 1: quivers for our arrows from the skin of the mountain lion.
• 51:56
  Speaker 1: These were very pretty and very durable. During by minority,
• 52:00
  Speaker 1: we had never seen a missionary or a priest. We
• 52:05
  Speaker 1: had never seen a white man. Thus quietly lived the
• 52:09
  Speaker 1: badonkahey Apaches, Chapter five. The family. My grandfather Mako had
• 52:17
  Speaker 1: been our chief. I never saw him, but my father
• 52:21
  Speaker 1: often told me of the great size, strength, and sagacity
• 52:25
  Speaker 1: of this old warrior. Their principal wars had been with
• 52:29
  Speaker 1: the Mexicans. They had some wars with other tribes of
• 52:33
  Speaker 1: Indians also, but were seldom at peace for any great
• 52:37
  Speaker 1: length of time with the Mexican towns. Mako died when
• 52:40
  Speaker 1: my father was but a young warrior, and Mangus Colorado
• 52:44
  Speaker 1: became chief of the Badonkahee Apaches when I was but
• 52:49
  Speaker 1: a small boy. My father died after having been sick
• 52:52
  Speaker 1: for some time. When he passed away carefully, the watchers
• 52:57
  Speaker 1: closed his eyes. Then they arrayed him in his best clothes,
• 53:02
  Speaker 1: painted his face afresh, wrapped a rich blanket around him,
• 53:07
  Speaker 1: saddled his favorite horse, bore his arms in front of him,
• 53:12
  Speaker 1: and led his horse behind, repeating in wailing tones his
• 53:17
  Speaker 1: deeds of valor as they carried his body to a
• 53:19
  Speaker 1: cave in the mountain. Then they slew his horses, and
• 53:24
  Speaker 1: we gave away all of his other property, as was
• 53:28
  Speaker 1: customary in our tribe, after which his body was deposited
• 53:32
  Speaker 1: in the cave, his arms beside him. His grave is
• 53:37
  Speaker 1: hidden by piles of stone. Wrapped in splendor. He lies
• 53:41
  Speaker 1: in seclusion, and the winds in the pines sing a
• 53:45
  Speaker 1: low requiem over the dead warrior. After my father's death,
• 53:50
  Speaker 1: I assumed the care of my mother. She never married again,
• 53:54
  Speaker 1: although according to the customs of our tribe, she might
• 53:57
  Speaker 1: have done so immediately after his death. Usually, however, the
• 54:02
  Speaker 1: widow who has children remained single after her husband's death
• 54:06
  Speaker 1: for two or three years, but the widow without children
• 54:11
  Speaker 1: marries again. Immediately after a warrior's death, his widow returns
• 54:16
  Speaker 1: to her people and may be given away or sold
• 54:20
  Speaker 1: by her father or brothers. My mother chose to live
• 54:23
  Speaker 1: with me, and she never desired to marry again. We
• 54:28
  Speaker 1: lived near our old home and I supported her. In
• 54:32
  Speaker 1: eighteen forty six, being seventeen years of age, I was
• 54:37
  Speaker 1: admitted to the Council of the Warriors. Then I was
• 54:41
  Speaker 1: very happy, for I could go wherever I wanted and
• 54:44
  Speaker 1: do whatever I liked. I had not been under the
• 54:48
  Speaker 1: control of any individual, but the customs of our tribe
• 54:52
  Speaker 1: prohibited me from sharing the glories of the war path
• 54:55
  Speaker 1: until the council admitted me when opportunity offered. After this,
• 55:01
  Speaker 1: I could go on the war path with my tribe.
• 55:04
  Speaker 1: This would be glorious. I hoped soon to serve my
• 55:07
  Speaker 1: people in battle. I had long desired to fight with
• 55:10
  Speaker 1: our warriors. Perhaps the greatest joy to me was that
• 55:15
  Speaker 1: now I could marry the fair alope, daughter of Nuposo.
• 55:20
  Speaker 1: She was a slender, delicate girl, but we had been
• 55:23
  Speaker 1: lovers for a long time. So as soon as the
• 55:27
  Speaker 1: council granted me these privileges, I went to see her
• 55:31
  Speaker 1: father concerning our marriage. Perhaps our love was of no
• 55:35
  Speaker 1: interest to him, Perhaps he wanted to keep a lope
• 55:39
  Speaker 1: with him, for she was a dutiful daughter. At any rate,
• 55:43
  Speaker 1: he asked many ponies for her. I made no reply,
• 55:47
  Speaker 1: but in a few days appeared before his wigwam with
• 55:51
  Speaker 1: the herd of ponies and took with me a lope.
• 55:55
  Speaker 1: This was all the marriage ceremony necessary in our tribe.
• 55:59
  Speaker 1: Not far from my mother's teepee, I had made for
• 56:02
  Speaker 1: us a new home. The teepee was made of buffalo hides,
• 56:06
  Speaker 1: and in it were many bare robes, lion hides, and
• 56:10
  Speaker 1: other trophies of the chase, as well as my spears,
• 56:14
  Speaker 1: bows and arrows. A lope had made many little decorations
• 56:20
  Speaker 1: of beads and drawn work on buckskin, which she placed
• 56:23
  Speaker 1: in our teepee. She also drew many pictures on the
• 56:27
  Speaker 1: walls of our home. She was a good wife, but
• 56:30
  Speaker 1: she was never strong. We followed the traditions of our
• 56:34
  Speaker 1: fathers and were happy. Three children came to us, children
• 56:39
  Speaker 1: that played, loitered and worked as I had done. Chapter
• 56:45
  Speaker 1: six Kaskilla. In the summer of eighteen fifty eight. Being
• 56:50
  Speaker 1: at peace with the Mexican towns as well as with
• 56:53
  Speaker 1: all the neighboring Indian tribes, we went south into Old
• 56:57
  Speaker 1: Mexico to trade our whole tribe, but doun quihete apaches
• 57:02
  Speaker 1: went through Sonora towards Casa Grande, our destination, but just
• 57:07
  Speaker 1: before reaching that place, we stopped at another Mexican town
• 57:11
  Speaker 1: called by the Indians Kaskia. Here we stayed for several days,
• 57:16
  Speaker 1: camping just outside the city. Every day we would go
• 57:20
  Speaker 1: into town to trade, leaving our camp under the protection
• 57:24
  Speaker 1: of a small guard so that our arms, supplies, and
• 57:28
  Speaker 1: women and children would not be disturbed during our absence.
• 57:33
  Speaker 1: Late one afternoon, when returning from town, we were met
• 57:37
  Speaker 1: by a few women and children who told us that
• 57:41
  Speaker 1: the Mexican troops from some other town had attacked our camp,
• 57:46
  Speaker 1: killed all the warriors of the guard, captured all our ponies,
• 57:51
  Speaker 1: secured our arms, destroyed our supplies, and killed many of
• 57:57
  Speaker 1: our women and children. Quickly we separated, concealing ourselves as
• 58:03
  Speaker 1: best we could, until nightfall, when we assembled at our
• 58:06
  Speaker 1: appointed place of rendezvous, a thicket by the river silently,
• 58:11
  Speaker 1: we stole in. One by one, sentinels were placed, and
• 58:16
  Speaker 1: when all were counted, I found that my aged mother,
• 58:20
  Speaker 1: my young wife, and my three small children were among
• 58:25
  Speaker 1: the slain. There were no lights in camp, so without
• 58:30
  Speaker 1: being noticed, I silently turned away and stood by the river.
• 58:36
  Speaker 1: How long I stood there, I do not know, But
• 58:40
  Speaker 1: when I saw the warriors arranging for a council, I
• 58:43
  Speaker 1: took my place. That night, I did not give my
• 58:47
  Speaker 1: vote for or against any measure, but it was decided
• 58:51
  Speaker 1: that as there were only eighty warriors left, and as
• 58:56
  Speaker 1: we were without arms or supplies, and were furthermore surrounded
• 59:02
  Speaker 1: by the Mexicans far inside their own territory, we could
• 59:07
  Speaker 1: not hope to fight successfully. So our chief, Mangus Colorado,
• 59:12
  Speaker 1: gave the order to start at once, in perfect silence,
• 59:16
  Speaker 1: for our homes in Arizona, leaving the dead upon the field.
• 59:22
  Speaker 1: I stood until all had passed, hardly knowing what I
• 59:27
  Speaker 1: would do. I had no weapon, nor did I hardly
• 59:31
  Speaker 1: wish to fight. Neither did I contemplate recovering the bodies
• 59:35
  Speaker 1: of my loved ones, for that was forbidden. I did
• 59:40
  Speaker 1: not pray, nor did I resolve to do anything in
• 59:44
  Speaker 1: particular for I had no purpose left. I finally followed
• 59:51
  Speaker 1: the tribe silently, keeping just within hearing distance of the
• 59:55
  Speaker 1: soft noise of the feet of the retreating apaches. The
• 1:00:00
  Speaker 1: next morning, some of the Indians killed a small amount
• 1:00:03
  Speaker 1: of game, and we halted long enough for the tribe
• 1:00:06
  Speaker 1: to cook and eat when the march was resumed. I
• 1:00:10
  Speaker 1: had killed no game and did not eat during the
• 1:00:14
  Speaker 1: first march, as well as while we were camped at
• 1:00:16
  Speaker 1: this place, I spoke to no one, and no one
• 1:00:20
  Speaker 1: spoke to me. There was nothing to say. For two
• 1:00:25
  Speaker 1: days and three nights we were on forced marches, stopping
• 1:00:29
  Speaker 1: only for meals. Then we made a camp near the
• 1:00:33
  Speaker 1: Mexican border, where we rested two days. Here I took
• 1:00:37
  Speaker 1: some food and talked with the other Indians who had
• 1:00:40
  Speaker 1: lost in the massacre. But none had lost as I had,
• 1:00:45
  Speaker 1: for I had lost all. Within a few days we
• 1:00:50
  Speaker 1: arrived at our own settlement. There were the decorations that
• 1:00:54
  Speaker 1: Alope had made, and there were the playthings of our
• 1:00:58
  Speaker 1: little ones earned them all, even our teepee. I also
• 1:01:03
  Speaker 1: burned my mother's teepee and destroyed all her property. I
• 1:01:08
  Speaker 1: was never again contented in our quiet home. True I
• 1:01:12
  Speaker 1: could visit my father's grave. But I had vowed vengeance
• 1:01:17
  Speaker 1: upon the Mexican troopers who had wronged me, and whenever
• 1:01:21
  Speaker 1: I came near his grave or saw anything to remind
• 1:01:25
  Speaker 1: me of my former happy days, my heart would ache
• 1:01:29
  Speaker 1: for revenge upon Mexico. As soon as we had again
• 1:01:35
  Speaker 1: collected some arms and supplies Mangus Colorado, our chief called
• 1:01:40
  Speaker 1: a council and found that all our warriors were willing
• 1:01:43
  Speaker 1: to take the war path against Mexico. I was appointed
• 1:01:47
  Speaker 1: to solicit the aid of other tribes in this war.
• 1:01:51
  Speaker 1: When I went to the jaconin Chirakawa Apaches Cochise, their
• 1:01:56
  Speaker 1: chief called a council at early dawn. Silently, the warriors
• 1:02:01
  Speaker 1: assembled at an open place in a mountain dell and
• 1:02:05
  Speaker 1: took their seats on the ground, arranged in rows according
• 1:02:08
  Speaker 1: to their ranks. Silently they sat smoking. At a signal
• 1:02:13
  Speaker 1: from the chief, I arose and presented my cause as
• 1:02:17
  Speaker 1: follows kinsman, you have heard what the Mexicans have recently
• 1:02:23
  Speaker 1: done without cause. You are my relatives, uncles, cousins, brothers.
• 1:02:30
  Speaker 1: We are men the same as the Mexicans are. We
• 1:02:33
  Speaker 1: can do to them what they have done to us.
• 1:02:37
  Speaker 1: Let us go forward and trail them. I will lead
• 1:02:41
  Speaker 1: you to their city. We will attack them in their homes.
• 1:02:45
  Speaker 1: I will fight in the front of the battle. I
• 1:02:48
  Speaker 1: only ask you to follow me to avenge this wrong
• 1:02:52
  Speaker 1: done by these Mexicans. Will you come, It is well
• 1:02:56
  Speaker 1: you will all come. Remember the rule in war, men
• 1:03:01
  Speaker 1: may return or they may be killed. If any of
• 1:03:05
  Speaker 1: these young men are killed, I want no blame from
• 1:03:08
  Speaker 1: their kinsmen, for they themselves have chosen to go. If
• 1:03:13
  Speaker 1: I am killed, no one need mourn for me. My
• 1:03:17
  Speaker 1: people have all been killed in that country, and I
• 1:03:21
  Speaker 1: too will die if need be. I returned to my
• 1:03:25
  Speaker 1: own settlement, reported this success to my chieftain, and immediately
• 1:03:30
  Speaker 1: departed to the southward into the land of the net
• 1:03:33
  Speaker 1: nay Apaches. Their chief, Hohle, heard me without comment, but
• 1:03:38
  Speaker 1: he immediately issued orders for a council, and when all
• 1:03:42
  Speaker 1: were ready, gave a sign that I might speak. I
• 1:03:46
  Speaker 1: addressed them as I had addressed the Choconan tribe, and
• 1:03:50
  Speaker 1: they also promised to help us. It was in the
• 1:03:53
  Speaker 1: summer of eighteen fifty nine, almost a year from the
• 1:03:57
  Speaker 1: date of the massacre of Kaskillah, that these three tribes
• 1:04:01
  Speaker 1: were assembled on the Mexican border to go upon the
• 1:04:04
  Speaker 1: war path. Their faces were painted, the war bands fastened
• 1:04:09
  Speaker 1: upon their brows, their long scalp locks, ready for the
• 1:04:13
  Speaker 1: hand and knife of the warrior who would overcome them.
• 1:04:17
  Speaker 1: Their families had been hidden away in a mountain rendezvous
• 1:04:20
  Speaker 1: near the Mexican border. With these families, a guard was
• 1:04:25
  Speaker 1: posted and a number of places of rendezvous designated in
• 1:04:29
  Speaker 1: case the camp should be disturbed. When all were ready,
• 1:04:33
  Speaker 1: the chieftains gave command to go forward. None of us
• 1:04:36
  Speaker 1: were mounted, and each warrior wore moccasins and also a
• 1:04:40
  Speaker 1: cloth wrapped about his loins. This cloth could be spread
• 1:04:44
  Speaker 1: over him when he slept, and when on the march,
• 1:04:47
  Speaker 1: would be ample protection as clothing in battle. If the
• 1:04:52
  Speaker 1: fight was hard, we did not wish much clothing. Each
• 1:04:56
  Speaker 1: warrior carried three days rations, but as we often killed
• 1:05:00
  Speaker 1: game while on the march, we seldom were without food.
• 1:05:05
  Speaker 1: We traveled in three divisions, the Beadoncahey apaches led by
• 1:05:09
  Speaker 1: Mangus Colorado, the Chikonan apaches by Cochies, and the net
• 1:05:14
  Speaker 1: Night apaches by ho However, there was no regular order
• 1:05:19
  Speaker 1: inside the separate tribes. We usually marched about fourteen hours
• 1:05:24
  Speaker 1: per day, making three stops for meals, and traveling forty
• 1:05:29
  Speaker 1: to forty five miles a day, I acted as guide
• 1:05:33
  Speaker 1: into Mexico, and we followed the river courses and mountain
• 1:05:37
  Speaker 1: ranges because we could better thereby keep our movements concealed.
• 1:05:42
  Speaker 1: We entered Sonora and went southward past Kitako, Nakozati, and
• 1:05:47
  Speaker 1: many smaller settlements. When we were almost at Arispe, we
• 1:05:52
  Speaker 1: camped and eight men rode out from the city to
• 1:05:55
  Speaker 1: parley with us. These we captured, killed, and scalped. This
• 1:06:01
  Speaker 1: was to draw the troops from the city, and the
• 1:06:04
  Speaker 1: next day they came. The skirmishing lasted all day without
• 1:06:08
  Speaker 1: a general engagement, but just at night we captured their
• 1:06:12
  Speaker 1: supply train, so we had plenty of provisions and some
• 1:06:16
  Speaker 1: more guns. That night we posted sentinels and did not
• 1:06:21
  Speaker 1: move our camp, but rested quietly all night, for we
• 1:06:25
  Speaker 1: expected heavy work the next day. Early the next morning,
• 1:06:29
  Speaker 1: the warriors were assembled to pray not for help, but
• 1:06:33
  Speaker 1: that they might have health and avoid ambush or deceptions
• 1:06:37
  Speaker 1: by the enemy, as we had anticipated. About ten o'clock
• 1:06:41
  Speaker 1: in the morning, the whole Mexican force came out. There
• 1:06:45
  Speaker 1: were two companies of cavalry and two of infantry. I
• 1:06:50
  Speaker 1: recognized the cavalry as the soldiers who had killed my
• 1:06:53
  Speaker 1: people at Kaskilla. This I told to the chieftains, and
• 1:06:58
  Speaker 1: they said that I might direct the battle. I was
• 1:07:02
  Speaker 1: no chief, and never had been, but because I had
• 1:07:06
  Speaker 1: been more deeply wrong than others, this honor was conferred
• 1:07:09
  Speaker 1: upon me, and I resolved to prove worthy of the trust.
• 1:07:15
  Speaker 1: I arranged the Indians in a hollow circle near the river,
• 1:07:19
  Speaker 1: and the Mexicans drew their infantry up in two lines,
• 1:07:23
  Speaker 1: with the cavalry in reserve. We were in the timber,
• 1:07:26
  Speaker 1: and they advanced until within about four hundred yards, when
• 1:07:31
  Speaker 1: they halted and opened fire. Soon I led a charge
• 1:07:35
  Speaker 1: against them, at the same time, sending some braves to
• 1:07:38
  Speaker 1: attack their rear. In all the battle I thought of
• 1:07:42
  Speaker 1: my murdered mother, wife and babies, of my father's grave,
• 1:07:47
  Speaker 1: and of my vow of vengeance. And I fought with fury.
• 1:07:53
  Speaker 1: Many fell by my hand, and constantly eyelid the advance.
• 1:07:58
  Speaker 1: Many braves were killed. The battle lasted about two hours.
• 1:08:03
  Speaker 1: At the last four Indians were alone in the center
• 1:08:06
  Speaker 1: of the field, myself and three other warriors. Our arrows
• 1:08:12
  Speaker 1: were all gone, our spears broken off in the bodies
• 1:08:15
  Speaker 1: of dead enemies. We had only our hands and knives
• 1:08:20
  Speaker 1: with which to fight, but all who had stood against
• 1:08:23
  Speaker 1: us were dead. Then two armed soldiers came upon us
• 1:08:28
  Speaker 1: from another part of the field. They shot down two
• 1:08:31
  Speaker 1: of our men, and we The remaining two fled toward
• 1:08:36
  Speaker 1: our own warriors. My companion was struck down by a saber,
• 1:08:40
  Speaker 1: but I reached our warriors, seized a spear and turned.
• 1:08:45
  Speaker 1: The one who pursued me missed his aim and fell
• 1:08:49
  Speaker 1: by my spear with his saber. I met the trooper
• 1:08:53
  Speaker 1: who had killed my companion, and we grappled and fell.
• 1:08:57
  Speaker 1: I killed him with my knife and quickly ro over
• 1:09:00
  Speaker 1: his body, brandishing his saber, seeking for other troopers to kill.
• 1:09:06
  Speaker 1: There were none, but the Apaches had seen over the
• 1:09:11
  Speaker 1: bloody field, covered with the bodies of Mexicans, rang the
• 1:09:15
  Speaker 1: fierce Apache war whoop, still covered with the blood of
• 1:09:20
  Speaker 1: my enemies, still holding my conquering weapon, still hot with
• 1:09:25
  Speaker 1: the joy of battle, victory and vengeance. I was surrounded
• 1:09:29
  Speaker 1: by the Apache braves and made war chief of all
• 1:09:33
  Speaker 1: the Apaches. Then I gave orders for scalping the slain.
• 1:09:38
  Speaker 1: I could not call back my loved ones. I could
• 1:09:42
  Speaker 1: not bring back the dead Apaches. But I could rejoice
• 1:09:46
  Speaker 1: in this revenge. The Apaches had avenged the massacre of Kaskalla.
• 1:09:54
  Speaker 1: End of Part two of the Apaches, Part one of
• 1:09:57
  Speaker 1: the Mexicans seven fighting under difficulties. All the other Apaches
• 1:10:04
  Speaker 1: were satisfied after the Battle of Kaskia, but I still
• 1:10:09
  Speaker 1: desired more revenge. For several months, we were busy with
• 1:10:13
  Speaker 1: the chase and other peaceful pursuits. Finally, I succeeded in
• 1:10:17
  Speaker 1: persuading two other warriors, Akochne and Kodeni, to go with
• 1:10:22
  Speaker 1: me to invade the Mexican country. We left our families
• 1:10:26
  Speaker 1: with the tribe and went on the war path. We
• 1:10:29
  Speaker 1: were on foot and carried three days rations. We entered
• 1:10:33
  Speaker 1: Mexico on the north line of Sonora and followed the
• 1:10:36
  Speaker 1: Sierra de Attunes mountains to the south end of the range.
• 1:10:41
  Speaker 1: Here we decided to attack a small village. I do
• 1:10:45
  Speaker 1: not know the name of this village. At daylight, we
• 1:10:48
  Speaker 1: approached from the mountains. Five horses were hitched outside. We
• 1:10:53
  Speaker 1: advanced cautiously, but just before we reached the horses, the
• 1:10:58
  Speaker 1: Mexicans opened fire from the houses. My two companions were killed.
• 1:11:04
  Speaker 1: Mexicans swarmed on every side. Some were mounted, some were
• 1:11:08
  Speaker 1: on foot, and all seemed to be armed. Three times
• 1:11:12
  Speaker 1: that day I was surrounded, but I kept fighting, dodging
• 1:11:15
  Speaker 1: and hiding. Several times during the day, while in concealment,
• 1:11:20
  Speaker 1: I had a chance to take deliberate aim at some
• 1:11:23
  Speaker 1: Mexican who gun in hand was looking for me. I
• 1:11:27
  Speaker 1: do not think I missed my aim either time. With
• 1:11:30
  Speaker 1: the gathering darkness, I found more time to retreat toward Arizona,
• 1:11:35
  Speaker 1: but the Mexicans did not quit the chase. Several times
• 1:11:39
  Speaker 1: the next day, mounted Mexicans tried to head me off.
• 1:11:42
  Speaker 1: Many times they fired on me, but I had no
• 1:11:45
  Speaker 1: more arrows, so I depended upon running and hiding. Although
• 1:11:50
  Speaker 1: I was very tired, I had not eaten since the
• 1:11:53
  Speaker 1: chase began, nor had I dared to stop for rest.
• 1:11:58
  Speaker 1: The second night, I got clear of my person, but
• 1:12:01
  Speaker 1: I never slackened my pace until I reached our home
• 1:12:04
  Speaker 1: in Arizona. I came into our camp without booty, without
• 1:12:09
  Speaker 1: my companions, exhausted but not discouraged, the wives and children
• 1:12:16
  Speaker 1: of my two dead companions were cared for by their people.
• 1:12:19
  Speaker 1: Some of the Apaches blamed me for the evil result
• 1:12:22
  Speaker 1: of the expedition, but I said nothing. Having failed, it
• 1:12:27
  Speaker 1: was only proper that I should remain silent. But my
• 1:12:31
  Speaker 1: feelings towards the Mexicans did not change. I still hated
• 1:12:35
  Speaker 1: them and longed for revenge. I never ceased to plan
• 1:12:40
  Speaker 1: for their punishment, but it was hard to get the
• 1:12:43
  Speaker 1: other warriors to listen to my proposed raids. In a
• 1:12:47
  Speaker 1: few months after this last adventure, I persuaded two other
• 1:12:52
  Speaker 1: warriors to join me in raiding the Mexican frontier. On
• 1:12:56
  Speaker 1: our former raid, we had gone through the net Night
• 1:12:58
  Speaker 1: Apaches Range into somenth Aura. This time we went through
• 1:13:02
  Speaker 1: the country of the Chaconan and entered the Sierra Madre Mountains.
• 1:13:07
  Speaker 1: We traveled south, secured more rations, and prepared to begin
• 1:13:11
  Speaker 1: our raids. We had selected a village near the mountains,
• 1:13:15
  Speaker 1: which we intended to attack at daylight. While asleep that night,
• 1:13:20
  Speaker 1: Mexican scouts discovered our camp and fired on us, killing
• 1:13:24
  Speaker 1: one warrior. In the morning, we observed a company of
• 1:13:28
  Speaker 1: Mexican troops coming from the south. They were mounted and
• 1:13:32
  Speaker 1: carried supplies for a long journey. We followed their trail
• 1:13:36
  Speaker 1: until we were sure that they were headed for our
• 1:13:39
  Speaker 1: range in Arizona. Then we hurried past them and in
• 1:13:43
  Speaker 1: three days reached our own settlement. We arrived at noon,
• 1:13:47
  Speaker 1: and that afternoon, about three o'clock, these Mexican troops attacked
• 1:13:51
  Speaker 1: our settlement. Their first folly killed three small boys. Many
• 1:13:56
  Speaker 1: of the warriors of our tribe were away from home.
• 1:14:00
  Speaker 1: Some of us who were in camp were able to
• 1:14:02
  Speaker 1: drive the troops out of the mountains. Before night. We
• 1:14:05
  Speaker 1: killed eight Mexicans and lost five two warriors and three boys.
• 1:14:11
  Speaker 1: The Mexicans rode due south in full retreat. Four warriors
• 1:14:15
  Speaker 1: were detailed to follow them, and in three days these
• 1:14:19
  Speaker 1: trailers returned, saying that the Mexican cavalry had left Arizona
• 1:14:23
  Speaker 1: going southward. We were quite sure they would not return soon.
• 1:14:29
  Speaker 1: Soon after this, in the summer of eighteen sixty, I
• 1:14:33
  Speaker 1: was again able to take the war path against the Mexicans,
• 1:14:37
  Speaker 1: this time with twenty five warriors. We followed the trail
• 1:14:41
  Speaker 1: of the Mexican troops last mentioned and entered the Sierra
• 1:14:45
  Speaker 1: de Sahuariba mountains the second day. In these mountains, our
• 1:14:49
  Speaker 1: scouts discovered mounted Mexican troops. There was only one company
• 1:14:54
  Speaker 1: of cavalry in this command, and I thought that by properly,
• 1:14:58
  Speaker 1: surprising them we could defeat them. We ambushed the trail
• 1:15:03
  Speaker 1: over which they were to come. This was at a
• 1:15:06
  Speaker 1: place where the whole company must pass through a mountain defile.
• 1:15:10
  Speaker 1: We reserved fire until all of the troops had passed through.
• 1:15:14
  Speaker 1: Then the signal was given. The Mexican troopers, seemingly without
• 1:15:19
  Speaker 1: a word of command, dismounted and placing their horses on
• 1:15:23
  Speaker 1: the outside of the company for breastworks, made a good
• 1:15:27
  Speaker 1: fight against us. I saw that we could not dislodge
• 1:15:31
  Speaker 1: them without using all our ammunition, so I led a charge.
• 1:15:35
  Speaker 1: The warriors suddenly pressed in from all sides, and we
• 1:15:39
  Speaker 1: fought hand to hand. During this encounter, I raised my
• 1:15:43
  Speaker 1: spear to kill a Mexican soldier just as he leveled
• 1:15:47
  Speaker 1: his gun at me. I was advancing rapidly and my
• 1:15:51
  Speaker 1: foot slipping in a pool of blood, I fell under
• 1:15:54
  Speaker 1: the Mexican trooper. He struck me over the head with
• 1:15:57
  Speaker 1: the butt of his gun, knocking me senseless. Just at
• 1:16:01
  Speaker 1: that instant, a warrior who followed in my footstiffs killed
• 1:16:05
  Speaker 1: the Mexican with a spear. In a few minutes, not
• 1:16:08
  Speaker 1: a Mexican soldier was left alive. When the Apache war
• 1:16:13
  Speaker 1: cry had died away and their enemies had been scalped.
• 1:16:17
  Speaker 1: They began to care for their dead and wounded. I
• 1:16:20
  Speaker 1: was found lying unconscious where I had fallen. They bathed
• 1:16:24
  Speaker 1: my head in cold water and restored me to consciousness.
• 1:16:28
  Speaker 1: Then they bound up my wound, and the next morning,
• 1:16:31
  Speaker 1: although weak from loss of blood and suffering from a
• 1:16:34
  Speaker 1: severe headache, I was able to march on the return
• 1:16:38
  Speaker 1: to Arizona. I did not fully recover for months, and
• 1:16:42
  Speaker 1: I still wear the scar given me by that musketeer.
• 1:16:46
  Speaker 1: In this fight, we had lost so heavily that there
• 1:16:50
  Speaker 1: really was no glory in our victory, and we returned
• 1:16:54
  Speaker 1: to Arizona. No one seemed to want to go on
• 1:16:57
  Speaker 1: the warpath again that year. In the summer eighteen sixty one,
• 1:17:02
  Speaker 1: with twelve warriors, I again went into Mexico. We entered
• 1:17:06
  Speaker 1: Chihuahua and followed south on the east side of the
• 1:17:09
  Speaker 1: Sierra Madre Mountains. Four days journey, then crossed over to
• 1:17:14
  Speaker 1: the Sierra de Saharipa range, not far east of Casa Grande.
• 1:17:19
  Speaker 1: Here we rested one day and sent out scouts to reconnoiter.
• 1:17:24
  Speaker 1: They reported pack trains camped five miles west of us.
• 1:17:28
  Speaker 1: The next morning, just at daybreak, as these drivers were
• 1:17:32
  Speaker 1: starting with their mule pack train, we attacked them. They
• 1:17:36
  Speaker 1: rode away for their lives, leaving us the booty. The
• 1:17:40
  Speaker 1: mules were loaded with provisions, most of which we took home.
• 1:17:44
  Speaker 1: Two mules were loaded with side meat or bacon, this
• 1:17:48
  Speaker 1: we threw away. We started to take these pack trains home,
• 1:17:52
  Speaker 1: going northward through Sonora, but when near Casita, Mexican troops
• 1:17:58
  Speaker 1: overtook us. It was daybreak and we were just finishing
• 1:18:02
  Speaker 1: our breakfast. We had no idea that we had been
• 1:18:06
  Speaker 1: pursued or that our enemies were near, until they opened fire.
• 1:18:10
  Speaker 1: At the first folley. A bullet struck me a glancing lick,
• 1:18:14
  Speaker 1: just at the lower corner of the left eye, and
• 1:18:18
  Speaker 1: I fell unconscious. All the other Indians fled to cover.
• 1:18:22
  Speaker 1: The Mexicans, thinking me dead, started in pursuit of the
• 1:18:26
  Speaker 1: fleeing Indians. In a few moments, I regained consciousness and
• 1:18:30
  Speaker 1: had started at full speed for the woods when another
• 1:18:34
  Speaker 1: company coming up opened fire on me. Then the soldiers
• 1:18:39
  Speaker 1: who had been chasing the other Indians turned and I
• 1:18:42
  Speaker 1: stood between two hostile companies. But I did not stand long.
• 1:18:48
  Speaker 1: Bullets whistled in every direction, and at close range to me.
• 1:18:53
  Speaker 1: One inflicted a slight flesh wound on my side. But
• 1:18:56
  Speaker 1: I kept running, dodging and fighting until I got clear
• 1:19:01
  Speaker 1: of my pursuers. I climbed up a steep canyon where
• 1:19:05
  Speaker 1: the cavalry could not follow. The troopers saw me, but
• 1:19:09
  Speaker 1: did not dismount and try to follow. I think they
• 1:19:12
  Speaker 1: were wise not to come on. It had been understood
• 1:19:16
  Speaker 1: that in case of surprise with this booty, our place
• 1:19:19
  Speaker 1: of rendezvous should be the Santa be The mountains in Arizona.
• 1:19:24
  Speaker 1: We did not reassemble in Mexico, but traveled separately, and
• 1:19:28
  Speaker 1: in three days we were encamped in our place of rendezvous.
• 1:19:33
  Speaker 1: From this place we returned home empty handed. We had
• 1:19:37
  Speaker 1: not even a partial victory to report. I again returned wounded,
• 1:19:43
  Speaker 1: but I was not yet discouraged. Again I was blamed
• 1:19:47
  Speaker 1: by our people, and again I had no reply. After
• 1:19:53
  Speaker 1: our return, many of the warriors had gone on a hunt,
• 1:19:57
  Speaker 1: and some of them had gone north to trade for
• 1:19:59
  Speaker 1: blankets from the Navajo Indians. I remained at home, trying
• 1:20:04
  Speaker 1: to get my wounds healed. One morning, just at daybreak,
• 1:20:07
  Speaker 1: when the squaws were lighting the camp fires to prepare breakfast,
• 1:20:12
  Speaker 1: three companies of Mexican troops who had surrounded our settlement
• 1:20:16
  Speaker 1: in the night, opened fire. There was no time for fighting. Men,
• 1:20:21
  Speaker 1: women and children fled for their lives. Many women and
• 1:20:25
  Speaker 1: children and a few warriors were killed, and four women
• 1:20:28
  Speaker 1: were captured. My left eye was still swollen shut, but
• 1:20:33
  Speaker 1: with the other I saw well enough to hit one
• 1:20:36
  Speaker 1: of the officers with an arrow and then make good
• 1:20:39
  Speaker 1: my escape among the rocks. The troopers burned our teepees
• 1:20:44
  Speaker 1: and took our arms, provisions, ponies, and blankets. Winter was
• 1:20:49
  Speaker 1: at hand. There were not more than twenty warriors in
• 1:20:52
  Speaker 1: camp at this time, and only a few of us
• 1:20:56
  Speaker 1: had secured weapons during the excitement of the attack. A
• 1:21:00
  Speaker 1: few warriors followed the trail of the troops as they
• 1:21:02
  Speaker 1: went back to Mexico with their booty, but were unable
• 1:21:06
  Speaker 1: to offer battle. It was a long long time before
• 1:21:11
  Speaker 1: we were able to go on the war path against
• 1:21:13
  Speaker 1: the Mexicans. The four women who were captured at this
• 1:21:17
  Speaker 1: time by the Mexicans were taken into Sonora, Mexico, where
• 1:21:22
  Speaker 1: they were compelled to work for the Mexicans. After some years,
• 1:21:27
  Speaker 1: they escaped to the mountains and started to find our
• 1:21:30
  Speaker 1: tribe They had knives which they had stolen from the Mexicans,
• 1:21:34
  Speaker 1: but they had no other weapons. They had no blankets,
• 1:21:39
  Speaker 1: so at night they would make a little teepee by
• 1:21:41
  Speaker 1: cutting brush with their knives and setting them up for
• 1:21:45
  Speaker 1: the walls. The top was covered over with brush. In
• 1:21:49
  Speaker 1: this temporary teepee they would all sleep. One night, when
• 1:21:53
  Speaker 1: their camp fire was low, they heard growling just outside
• 1:21:57
  Speaker 1: the teepee. Francisco, the younger woman of the party, about
• 1:22:01
  Speaker 1: seventeen years of age, started to build up the fire
• 1:22:05
  Speaker 1: when a mountain lion crashed through the teepee and attacked her.
• 1:22:09
  Speaker 1: The suddenness of the attack made her drop her knife,
• 1:22:13
  Speaker 1: but she fought as best she could with her hand.
• 1:22:16
  Speaker 1: She was no match for the lion. However, her left
• 1:22:19
  Speaker 1: shoulder was crushed and partly torn away. The lion kept
• 1:22:23
  Speaker 1: trying to catch her by the throat, this she prevented
• 1:22:26
  Speaker 1: with her hands for a long time. He dragged her
• 1:22:30
  Speaker 1: for about three hundred yards. Then she found her strength
• 1:22:34
  Speaker 1: was failing her from loss of blood, and she called
• 1:22:37
  Speaker 1: to the other women for help. The lion had been
• 1:22:40
  Speaker 1: dragging her by one foot, and she had been catching
• 1:22:43
  Speaker 1: hold of his legs and of the rocks and underbrush
• 1:22:46
  Speaker 1: to delay him. Finally he stopped and stood over her.
• 1:22:51
  Speaker 1: She again called her companions, and they attacked him with
• 1:22:54
  Speaker 1: their knives and killed him. Then they dressed her wounds
• 1:22:58
  Speaker 1: and nursed her in the mountain for about a month.
• 1:23:02
  Speaker 1: When she was able to walk, they resumed their journey
• 1:23:05
  Speaker 1: and reached our tribe in safety. This woman, Francisco, was
• 1:23:10
  Speaker 1: held as a prisoner of war with the other Apaches
• 1:23:14
  Speaker 1: and died on the Fort Sill Reservation in eighteen ninety two.
• 1:23:18
  Speaker 1: Her face was always disfigured with those scars, and she
• 1:23:22
  Speaker 1: never regained perfect use of her hands. The three older
• 1:23:26
  Speaker 1: women died before we became prisoners of war. Many women
• 1:23:30
  Speaker 1: and children were carried away at different times by Mexicans.
• 1:23:34
  Speaker 1: Not many of them ever returned, and those who did
• 1:23:38
  Speaker 1: underwent many hardships in order to be again united with
• 1:23:42
  Speaker 1: their people. Those who did not escape were slaves to
• 1:23:46
  Speaker 1: the Mexicans or perhaps even more degraded. When warriors were
• 1:23:51
  Speaker 1: captured by the Mexicans, they were kept in chains. Four
• 1:23:56
  Speaker 1: warriors who were captured once at a place north of
• 1:23:58
  Speaker 1: Casa Grande called by the Indians on Us, were kept
• 1:24:02
  Speaker 1: in chains for a year and a half when they
• 1:24:06
  Speaker 1: were exchanged for Mexicans whom we had captured. We never
• 1:24:10
  Speaker 1: chained prisoners or kept them in confinement, but they seldom
• 1:24:14
  Speaker 1: got away. Mexican men, when captured, were compelled to cut
• 1:24:18
  Speaker 1: wood and herd horses. Mexican women and children were treated
• 1:24:23
  Speaker 1: as our own people. Chapter eight Raids that were successful.
• 1:24:30
  Speaker 1: In the summer of eighteen sixty two, I took eight
• 1:24:34
  Speaker 1: men and invaded Mexican territory. We went south on the
• 1:24:38
  Speaker 1: west side of the Sierra Madre mountains for five days,
• 1:24:42
  Speaker 1: then in the night crossed over to the southern part
• 1:24:45
  Speaker 1: of the Sierra de Saharipa range. Here we again camped
• 1:24:50
  Speaker 1: to watch for pack trains. About ten o'clock next morning,
• 1:24:54
  Speaker 1: four drivers mounted came past our camp with a pack
• 1:24:58
  Speaker 1: mule train. As soon as they saw us, they rode
• 1:25:02
  Speaker 1: for their lives, leaving us the booty. This was a
• 1:25:06
  Speaker 1: long train and packed with blankets, calico saddles, tinware, and
• 1:25:12
  Speaker 1: loaf sugar. We hurried home as fast as we could
• 1:25:16
  Speaker 1: with these provisions, and on our return, while passing through
• 1:25:20
  Speaker 1: a canyon in the Santa Catalina Range of mountains in Arizona,
• 1:25:24
  Speaker 1: met a white man driving a mule pack train. When
• 1:25:28
  Speaker 1: we first saw him, he had already seen us and
• 1:25:31
  Speaker 1: was riding at full tilt up the canyon. We examined
• 1:25:35
  Speaker 1: his train and found that his mules were all loaded
• 1:25:38
  Speaker 1: with cheese. We put them in with the other train
• 1:25:42
  Speaker 1: and resumed our journey. We did not attempt to trail
• 1:25:45
  Speaker 1: the driver, and I am sure he did not try
• 1:25:48
  Speaker 1: to follow us. In two days we arrived at home.
• 1:25:53
  Speaker 1: Then Mangus Colorado, our chief, assembled the tribe. We gave
• 1:25:57
  Speaker 1: a feast, divided the spoils, and danced all night. Some
• 1:26:02
  Speaker 1: of the pack mules were killed and eaten. This time,
• 1:26:05
  Speaker 1: after our return, we kept out scouts so that we
• 1:26:08
  Speaker 1: would know if Mexican troops should attempt to follow us.
• 1:26:12
  Speaker 1: On the third day, our scouts came into camp and
• 1:26:15
  Speaker 1: reported Mexican cavalry dismounted and approaching our settlement. All our
• 1:26:22
  Speaker 1: warriors were in camp. Mangus Colorado took command of one
• 1:26:26
  Speaker 1: division and I of the other. We hoped to get
• 1:26:30
  Speaker 1: possession of their horses, then surround the troops in the
• 1:26:33
  Speaker 1: mountains and destroy the whole company. This we were unable
• 1:26:38
  Speaker 1: to do, for they too had scouts. However, within four
• 1:26:42
  Speaker 1: hours after we started. We had killed ten troopers with
• 1:26:46
  Speaker 1: the loss of only one man, and the Mexican cavalry
• 1:26:50
  Speaker 1: was in full retreat, followed by thirty armed apaches, who
• 1:26:55
  Speaker 1: gave them no rest until they were far inside the
• 1:26:58
  Speaker 1: Mexican country. No more troops came that winter. For a
• 1:27:03
  Speaker 1: long time. We had plenty of provisions, plenty of blankets,
• 1:27:07
  Speaker 1: and plenty of clothing. We also had plenty of cheese
• 1:27:13
  Speaker 1: and sugar. Another summer, eighteen sixty three, I selected three
• 1:27:18
  Speaker 1: warriors and went on a raid into Mexico. We went
• 1:27:22
  Speaker 1: south into Sonora, camping in the Sierra de Saharipa mountains.
• 1:27:27
  Speaker 1: About forty miles west of Casa Grande is a small
• 1:27:30
  Speaker 1: village in the mountains called by the Indians Grasanas. We
• 1:27:35
  Speaker 1: camped near this place and concluded to make an attack.
• 1:27:39
  Speaker 1: We had noticed that just at midday no one seemed
• 1:27:43
  Speaker 1: to be stirring, so we planned to make our attack
• 1:27:46
  Speaker 1: at the noon hour the next day. We stole into
• 1:27:49
  Speaker 1: the town at noon. We had no guns, but were
• 1:27:53
  Speaker 1: armed with spears and bows and arrows. When the war
• 1:27:57
  Speaker 1: whoop was given to open the attack, the Mexicans fled
• 1:28:00
  Speaker 1: in every direction. Not one of them made any attempt
• 1:28:05
  Speaker 1: to fight us. We shot some arrows at the retreating Mexicans,
• 1:28:09
  Speaker 1: but killed only one. Soon all was silent in the
• 1:28:13
  Speaker 1: town and no Mexicans could be seen. When we discovered
• 1:28:17
  Speaker 1: that all the Mexicans were gone, we looked through their
• 1:28:20
  Speaker 1: houses and saw many curious things. These Mexicans kept many
• 1:28:25
  Speaker 1: more kinds of property than the Apaches did. Many of
• 1:28:29
  Speaker 1: the things we saw in the houses we could not understand,
• 1:28:32
  Speaker 1: but in the stores we saw much that we wanted.
• 1:28:36
  Speaker 1: So we drove in a herd of horses and mules
• 1:28:39
  Speaker 1: and packed as much provisions and supplies as we could
• 1:28:42
  Speaker 1: on them. Then we formed these animals into a pack
• 1:28:46
  Speaker 1: train and returned safely to Arizona. The Mexicans did not
• 1:28:51
  Speaker 1: even trail us. When we arrived in camp. We called
• 1:28:55
  Speaker 1: the tribe together and feasted all day. We gave presents
• 1:28:59
  Speaker 1: to everyone. That night, the dance began, and it did
• 1:29:03
  Speaker 1: not cease until noon the next day. This was perhaps
• 1:29:07
  Speaker 1: the most successful raid ever made by us into Mexican territory.
• 1:29:13
  Speaker 1: I do not know the value of the booty, but
• 1:29:15
  Speaker 1: it was very great, for we had supplies enough to
• 1:29:19
  Speaker 1: last our whole tribe for a year or more. End
• 1:29:24
  Speaker 1: of Part one of the Mexicans Section four, The Mexicans,
• 1:29:29
  Speaker 1: Part two. In the fall of eighteen sixty four, twenty
• 1:29:34
  Speaker 1: warriors were willing to go with me on another raid
• 1:29:37
  Speaker 1: into Mexico. These were all chosen men, well armed and
• 1:29:41
  Speaker 1: equipped for battle. As usual, we provided for the safety
• 1:29:45
  Speaker 1: of our families before starting on this raid. Our whole
• 1:29:49
  Speaker 1: tribe scattered and then reassembled at a camp about forty
• 1:29:53
  Speaker 1: miles from the former place. In this way, it would
• 1:29:56
  Speaker 1: be hard for the Mexicans to trail them, and we
• 1:30:00
  Speaker 1: would know where to find our families when we returned. Moreover,
• 1:30:04
  Speaker 1: if any hostile Indian should see this large number of
• 1:30:07
  Speaker 1: warriors leaving our range, they might attack our camp. But
• 1:30:11
  Speaker 1: if they found no one at the usual place, their
• 1:30:14
  Speaker 1: raid would fail. We went south through the chaconin Apaches range,
• 1:30:19
  Speaker 1: entered Sonora, Mexico, at a point directly south of Tombstone, Arizona,
• 1:30:25
  Speaker 1: and went into hiding in the Sierra Dertunes mountains. We
• 1:30:30
  Speaker 1: attacked several settlements in the neighborhood and secured plenty of
• 1:30:34
  Speaker 1: provisions and supplies. After about three days, we attacked and
• 1:30:39
  Speaker 1: captured a mule pack train at a place called by
• 1:30:42
  Speaker 1: the Indians Pontoco. It is situated in the mountains due west,
• 1:30:46
  Speaker 1: about one day's journey from Arispe. There were three drivers
• 1:30:51
  Speaker 1: with this train. One was killed and two escaped. The
• 1:30:55
  Speaker 1: train was loaded with mescal, which was contained in bottles
• 1:30:58
  Speaker 1: held in wicker basque. As soon as we made camp,
• 1:31:02
  Speaker 1: the Indians began to get drunk and fight each other.
• 1:31:05
  Speaker 1: I too drank enough mascowl to feel the effect of it,
• 1:31:09
  Speaker 1: but I was not drunk. I ordered the fighting stopped,
• 1:31:13
  Speaker 1: but the order was disobeyed. Soon almost a general fight
• 1:31:18
  Speaker 1: was in progress. I tried to place a guard out
• 1:31:21
  Speaker 1: around our camp, but all were drunk and refused to serve.
• 1:31:26
  Speaker 1: I expected an attack from Mexican troops at any moment,
• 1:31:29
  Speaker 1: and really it was a serious matter for me, for
• 1:31:33
  Speaker 1: being in command, I would be held responsible for any
• 1:31:37
  Speaker 1: ill luck attending the expedition. Finally, the camp became comparatively still,
• 1:31:43
  Speaker 1: for the Indians were too drunk to walk or even
• 1:31:46
  Speaker 1: to fight. While they were in this stupor, I poured
• 1:31:49
  Speaker 1: out all the maskal. Then I put out all the
• 1:31:52
  Speaker 1: fires and moved the pack mules to a considerable distance
• 1:31:56
  Speaker 1: from camp. After this, I returned to camp to try
• 1:31:59
  Speaker 1: to do something for the wounded. I found that only
• 1:32:02
  Speaker 1: two were dangerously wounded. From the leg of one of
• 1:32:06
  Speaker 1: these I cut an arrow head, and from the shoulder
• 1:32:09
  Speaker 1: of another I withdrew a spear point. When all the
• 1:32:13
  Speaker 1: wounds had been cared for, I myself kept guard until morning.
• 1:32:17
  Speaker 1: The next day. We loaded our wounded on the pack
• 1:32:20
  Speaker 1: mules and started for Arizona. The next day we captured
• 1:32:25
  Speaker 1: some cattle from a herd and drove them home with us.
• 1:32:28
  Speaker 1: But it was a very difficult matter to drive cattle
• 1:32:31
  Speaker 1: when we were on foot. Caring for the wounded and
• 1:32:34
  Speaker 1: keeping the cattle from escaping made our journey tedious. But
• 1:32:39
  Speaker 1: we were not trailed and arrived safely at home with
• 1:32:42
  Speaker 1: all the booty. We then gave a feast and dance
• 1:32:46
  Speaker 1: and divided the spoils. After the dance, we killed all
• 1:32:49
  Speaker 1: the cattle and dried the meat. We dressed the hides,
• 1:32:53
  Speaker 1: and then the dried meat was packed in between these
• 1:32:56
  Speaker 1: hides and stored away. All that winter, we had plenty
• 1:33:00
  Speaker 1: of meat. These were the first cattle we ever had.
• 1:33:04
  Speaker 1: As usual, we killed and ate some of the mules.
• 1:33:08
  Speaker 1: We had little use for mules, and if we could
• 1:33:10
  Speaker 1: not trade them for something of value, we killed them.
• 1:33:14
  Speaker 1: In the summer of eighteen sixty five, with four warriors,
• 1:33:18
  Speaker 1: I went again into Mexico. Heretofore we had gone on foot.
• 1:33:23
  Speaker 1: We were accustomed to fight on foot, Besides, we could
• 1:33:27
  Speaker 1: more easily conceal ourselves when dismounted. But this time we
• 1:33:31
  Speaker 1: wanted more cattle, and it was hard to drive them
• 1:33:34
  Speaker 1: when we were on foot. We entered Sonora at a
• 1:33:37
  Speaker 1: point southwest from Tombstone, Arizona, and followed the Sierra der
• 1:33:42
  Speaker 1: Tuns mountains to the southern limit. Then crossed the country
• 1:33:47
  Speaker 1: as far south as the mouth of Yaqui River. Here
• 1:33:50
  Speaker 1: we saw a great lake, the Gulf of California, extending
• 1:33:55
  Speaker 1: beyond the limit of sight. Then we turned north, attacked
• 1:34:00
  Speaker 1: several settlements and secured plenty of supplies. When we had
• 1:34:04
  Speaker 1: come back northwest of Arispe, we secured about sixty head
• 1:34:09
  Speaker 1: of cattle and drove them to our homes in Arizona.
• 1:34:13
  Speaker 1: We did not go directly home, but camped in different
• 1:34:16
  Speaker 1: valleys with our cattle. We were not trailed. When we
• 1:34:20
  Speaker 1: arrived at our camp, the tribe was again assembled for
• 1:34:23
  Speaker 1: feasting and dancing. Presents were given to everybody. Then the
• 1:34:28
  Speaker 1: cattle were killed and the meat, dried and packed. Chapter nine,
• 1:34:34
  Speaker 1: Varying Fortunes. In the fall of eighteen sixty five, with
• 1:34:38
  Speaker 1: nine other warriors, I went into Mexico on foot. We
• 1:34:42
  Speaker 1: attacked several settlements south of Casa Grande and collected many
• 1:34:46
  Speaker 1: horses and mules. We made our way northward with these
• 1:34:50
  Speaker 1: animals through the mountains. When near Rispe, we made camp
• 1:34:54
  Speaker 1: one evening, and, thinking that we were not being trailed,
• 1:34:58
  Speaker 1: turned loose. The whole heard, even those we had been riding.
• 1:35:03
  Speaker 1: They were in a valley surrounded by steep mountains, and
• 1:35:06
  Speaker 1: we were camped at the mouth of this valley so
• 1:35:09
  Speaker 1: that the animals could not leave without coming through our camp.
• 1:35:13
  Speaker 1: Just as we had begun to eat our supper, our
• 1:35:15
  Speaker 1: scouts came in and announced Mexican troops coming toward our camp.
• 1:35:20
  Speaker 1: We started for the horses, but troops that our scouts
• 1:35:23
  Speaker 1: had not seen were on the cliffs above us and
• 1:35:27
  Speaker 1: opened fire. We scattered in all directions, and the troops
• 1:35:31
  Speaker 1: recovered all our booty. In three days. We reassembled at
• 1:35:36
  Speaker 1: our appointed place of rendezvous in the Sierra Madre Mountains
• 1:35:39
  Speaker 1: in northern Sonora. Mexican troops did not follow us, and
• 1:35:43
  Speaker 1: we returned to Arizona without any more fighting and with
• 1:35:48
  Speaker 1: no booty. Again, I had nothing to say, but I
• 1:35:53
  Speaker 1: was anxious for another raid. Early the next summer, eighteen
• 1:35:57
  Speaker 1: sixty six, I took thirty mounted warriors and invaded Mexican territory.
• 1:36:03
  Speaker 1: We went south through Chihuahua as far as Santa Cruz, Sonora,
• 1:36:07
  Speaker 1: then crossed over the Sierra Madre Mountains, following the river
• 1:36:11
  Speaker 1: course at the south end of the range. We kept
• 1:36:15
  Speaker 1: on westward from the Sierra Madre Mountains to the Sierra
• 1:36:18
  Speaker 1: de Sajaripa mountains and followed that range northward. We collected
• 1:36:23
  Speaker 1: all the horses, mules, and cattle we wanted and drove
• 1:36:27
  Speaker 1: them northward through Sonora into Arizona. Mexicans saw us at
• 1:36:32
  Speaker 1: many times and in many places, but they did not
• 1:36:36
  Speaker 1: attack us at any time, nor did any troops attempt
• 1:36:39
  Speaker 1: to follow us. When we arrived at our homes, we
• 1:36:43
  Speaker 1: gave presents to all, and the tribe feasted and danced.
• 1:36:47
  Speaker 1: During this raid, we had killed about fifty Mexicans. The
• 1:36:51
  Speaker 1: next year, eighteen sixty seven, Mangus Colorado led eight warriors
• 1:36:56
  Speaker 1: on a raid into Mexico. I went as a warrior,
• 1:37:00
  Speaker 1: for I was always glad to fight the Mexicans. We
• 1:37:03
  Speaker 1: rode south from near Tombstone, Arizona, into Sonora, Mexico. We
• 1:37:08
  Speaker 1: attacked some cowboys, and after a fight with them, in
• 1:37:11
  Speaker 1: which two of their number were killed, we drove all
• 1:37:15
  Speaker 1: their cattle northward. The second day, we were driving the
• 1:37:18
  Speaker 1: cattle but had no scouts out. When we were not
• 1:37:22
  Speaker 1: far from a respae, Mexican troops rode upon us. They
• 1:37:26
  Speaker 1: were well armed and well mounted, and when we first
• 1:37:29
  Speaker 1: saw them they were not half a mile away from us.
• 1:37:33
  Speaker 1: We left the cattle and rode as hard as we
• 1:37:36
  Speaker 1: could toward the mountains, but they gained on us rapidly.
• 1:37:40
  Speaker 1: Soon they opened fire, but were so far away from
• 1:37:44
  Speaker 1: us that we were unable to reach them with our arrows.
• 1:37:47
  Speaker 1: Finally we reached some timber, and, leaving our ponies, fought
• 1:37:51
  Speaker 1: from cover. Then the Mexicans halted, collected our ponies, and
• 1:37:56
  Speaker 1: rode away across the plains toward a respe, driving the
• 1:38:00
  Speaker 1: cattle with them. We stood and watched them until they
• 1:38:03
  Speaker 1: disappeared in the distance, and then took up our march
• 1:38:07
  Speaker 1: for home. We arrived home in five days, with no
• 1:38:11
  Speaker 1: victory to report, no spoils to divide. And not even
• 1:38:17
  Speaker 1: the ponies which we had ridden into Mexico. This expedition
• 1:38:21
  Speaker 1: was considered disgraceful. The warriors who had been with Mangus
• 1:38:26
  Speaker 1: Colorado on this last expedition wanted to return to Mexico.
• 1:38:31
  Speaker 1: They were not satisfied. Besides, they felt keenly the taunts
• 1:38:35
  Speaker 1: of the other warriors Mangus Colorado would not lead them back.
• 1:38:40
  Speaker 1: So I took command and we went on foot directly
• 1:38:43
  Speaker 1: towards Arrespe and Sonora and made our camp in the
• 1:38:47
  Speaker 1: Sierra de Sajariba mountains. There were only six of us,
• 1:38:51
  Speaker 1: but we raided several settlements at night, captured many horses
• 1:38:55
  Speaker 1: and mules, and loaded them with provisions, saddles, and blankets.
• 1:39:01
  Speaker 1: Then we returned to Arizona, traveling only at night. When
• 1:39:05
  Speaker 1: we arrived at our camp, we sent out scouts to
• 1:39:07
  Speaker 1: prevent any surprise by Mexicans. Assembled the tribe, feasted, danced,
• 1:39:13
  Speaker 1: and divided the spoils. Mangus Colorado would not receive any
• 1:39:17
  Speaker 1: of this booty, but we did not care. No Mexican
• 1:39:21
  Speaker 1: troops followed us to Arizona. About a year after this,
• 1:39:25
  Speaker 1: eighteen sixty eight, Mexican troops rounded up all the horses
• 1:39:30
  Speaker 1: and mules of the tribe not far from our settlement.
• 1:39:34
  Speaker 1: No raids had been made into Mexico that year, and
• 1:39:37
  Speaker 1: we were not expecting any attacks. We were all in camp,
• 1:39:41
  Speaker 1: having just returned from hunting. About two o'clock in the afternoon,
• 1:39:45
  Speaker 1: two Mexican scouts were seen near our settlement. We killed
• 1:39:49
  Speaker 1: these scouts, but the troops got under way with the
• 1:39:52
  Speaker 1: herd of our horses and mules before we saw them.
• 1:39:55
  Speaker 1: It was useless to try to overtake them on foot,
• 1:39:58
  Speaker 1: and our tribe had not a horse left. I took
• 1:40:02
  Speaker 1: twenty warriors and trailed bim. We found the stock at
• 1:40:06
  Speaker 1: a cattle ranch in Sonora, not far from Nakozai, and
• 1:40:10
  Speaker 1: attacked the cowboys who had them in charge. We killed
• 1:40:13
  Speaker 1: two men and lost none. After the fight, we drove
• 1:40:16
  Speaker 1: off our own stock and all of theirs. We were
• 1:40:20
  Speaker 1: trailed by nine cowboys. I sent the stock on ahead,
• 1:40:24
  Speaker 1: and with three warriors, stayed in the rear to intercept
• 1:40:27
  Speaker 1: any attacking parties. One night, when near the Arizona line,
• 1:40:32
  Speaker 1: we discovered these cowboys on our trail and watched them
• 1:40:36
  Speaker 1: camp for the night and picket their horses. About midnight,
• 1:40:40
  Speaker 1: we stole into their camp and silently led away all
• 1:40:44
  Speaker 1: their horses, leaving the cowboys asleep. Then we rode hard
• 1:40:49
  Speaker 1: and overtook our companions, who always traveled at night instead
• 1:40:54
  Speaker 1: of in the daytime. We turned these horses in with
• 1:40:57
  Speaker 1: the herd and fell back to again and intercept anyone
• 1:41:01
  Speaker 1: who might trail us. What these nine cowboys did next morning,
• 1:41:05
  Speaker 1: I do not know, and I have never heard the
• 1:41:08
  Speaker 1: Mexicans say anything about it. I know they did not
• 1:41:12
  Speaker 1: follow us, for we were not molested when we arrived
• 1:41:16
  Speaker 1: in camp. At home, there was great rejoicing in the tribe.
• 1:41:20
  Speaker 1: It was considered a good trick to get the Mexicans
• 1:41:23
  Speaker 1: horses and leave them asleep in the mountains. It was
• 1:41:27
  Speaker 1: a long time before we again went into Mexico or
• 1:41:31
  Speaker 1: were disturbed by the Mexicans. Chapter ten Other Raids. When
• 1:41:38
  Speaker 1: reading the foregoing chapters of Apache Raids, one not acquainted
• 1:41:42
  Speaker 1: with the lawlessness of the frontier might wonder how this
• 1:41:46
  Speaker 1: tendency of the Apaches was developed to such a marked degree.
• 1:41:50
  Speaker 1: But one acquainted with the real conditions the disregard for
• 1:41:54
  Speaker 1: law by both Mexicans and white men along the borderline
• 1:41:58
  Speaker 1: of Old Mexico and Arizona in early days can readily
• 1:42:02
  Speaker 1: understand where the Apache got his education in the art
• 1:42:05
  Speaker 1: of conducting lawless raids, in order therefore that those who
• 1:42:09
  Speaker 1: are unacquainted with the conditions as they were in southern
• 1:42:12
  Speaker 1: Arizona during the eighties may understand the environment of the apaches.
• 1:42:17
  Speaker 1: This chapter is given. The events herein narrated are taken
• 1:42:22
  Speaker 1: by the author from many accounts given him by reliable
• 1:42:25
  Speaker 1: men who lived in this section of country during the
• 1:42:28
  Speaker 1: period mentioned raid by white men in eighteen eighty two,
• 1:42:34
  Speaker 1: a company of six Mexican traders, who were known as
• 1:42:38
  Speaker 1: smugglers because they evaded duties on goods which they brought
• 1:42:42
  Speaker 1: into the United States and sold in Arizona, were camped
• 1:42:46
  Speaker 1: in Skeleton Canyon, ten miles north of the north line
• 1:42:50
  Speaker 1: of Old Mexico. They were known to carry large sums
• 1:42:53
  Speaker 1: of money, but as they were always armed and ready
• 1:42:56
  Speaker 1: to defend their possessions, they were not often more blested. However,
• 1:43:01
  Speaker 1: on this occasion, just as they were rising in the
• 1:43:04
  Speaker 1: morning to prepare their breakfast, five white men opened fire
• 1:43:08
  Speaker 1: on them from ambush, and all save one of the
• 1:43:12
  Speaker 1: Mexicans were killed. This one, though wounded, finally made his escape.
• 1:43:17
  Speaker 1: A few days after the killing, some cowboys on a
• 1:43:20
  Speaker 1: round up camped at this place and buried the remains
• 1:43:23
  Speaker 1: what the coyotes had left of these five Mexicans. Two
• 1:43:27
  Speaker 1: years later, at the same place, a cowboy found a
• 1:43:31
  Speaker 1: leather bag containing seventy two Mexican dollars, which small amount
• 1:43:35
  Speaker 1: of money had been overlooked by the robbers. The men
• 1:43:39
  Speaker 1: who did this killing lived in Arizona for many years afterwards,
• 1:43:43
  Speaker 1: and although it was known that they had committed the depredation,
• 1:43:47
  Speaker 1: no arrests followed, and no attempt was made by any
• 1:43:51
  Speaker 1: of the Mexicans to recover the property of their fellow citizens.
• 1:43:57
  Speaker 1: Mexican Raid. In eighteen eighty four, a cattleman and four
• 1:44:01
  Speaker 1: cowboys from his branch started to drive some fat cattle
• 1:44:05
  Speaker 1: to market at Tombstone, Arizona. The route they took led
• 1:44:09
  Speaker 1: partly through Old Mexico and partly through Arizona. One night,
• 1:44:14
  Speaker 1: they camped in a canyon just south of the Mexican border.
• 1:44:18
  Speaker 1: Next morning, at daylight, the cowboy, who had been on
• 1:44:21
  Speaker 1: her duty the last half of the night, had just
• 1:44:24
  Speaker 1: come in and aroused the camp when the Mexicans opened
• 1:44:28
  Speaker 1: fire on them from ambush. The cattleman and one of
• 1:44:31
  Speaker 1: the cowboys were severely wounded at the first folley and
• 1:44:35
  Speaker 1: took shelter behind the camp wagon, from which position they
• 1:44:38
  Speaker 1: fired as long as their ammunition lasted. The other three
• 1:44:42
  Speaker 1: were only slightly wounded and reached cover, but only one
• 1:44:46
  Speaker 1: escaped with his life. He remained in hiding for two
• 1:44:50
  Speaker 1: days before his comrades found him. He saw the Mexicans
• 1:44:54
  Speaker 1: rob the bodies of the dead and lead away their
• 1:44:57
  Speaker 1: saddle horses after having cooked breakfast for themselves in the
• 1:45:01
  Speaker 1: deserted camp. He was severely wounded and all his ammunition
• 1:45:06
  Speaker 1: was gone, Hence he could only wait. On the second
• 1:45:10
  Speaker 1: day after this raid, some of the cattle strayed back
• 1:45:13
  Speaker 1: to the old ranch, thereby giving notice to the cowboys
• 1:45:17
  Speaker 1: that there had been foul play. They found their wounded
• 1:45:20
  Speaker 1: companions lying delirious near the decaying bodies of their comrades.
• 1:45:25
  Speaker 1: No arrests were ever made in Mexico for these murders,
• 1:45:29
  Speaker 1: and no attempt was made to recover damage or prosecute
• 1:45:33
  Speaker 1: the robbers. The two instances above narrated will serve to
• 1:45:37
  Speaker 1: show the reader what kind of an example was set
• 1:45:40
  Speaker 1: for the Apaches by at least a portion of the
• 1:45:43
  Speaker 1: inhabitants of the two Christian nations with whom they came
• 1:45:47
  Speaker 1: in contact Apache raids. It is thought well to give
• 1:45:53
  Speaker 1: in this chapter some of the depredations of the Apaches
• 1:45:56
  Speaker 1: not told by Geronimo. They are given as told by
• 1:46:00
  Speaker 1: our own citizens and from the white man's point of view.
• 1:46:05
  Speaker 1: In eighteen eighty four, Judge McCormick and wife, accompanied by
• 1:46:09
  Speaker 1: their young son, were driving from Silver City to Lordsburg
• 1:46:13
  Speaker 1: when they were ambushed by Apaches. The bodies of the
• 1:46:17
  Speaker 1: adults were found soon afterward, but the child's body was
• 1:46:21
  Speaker 1: never recovered. Years afterward, an Apache squaw told some of
• 1:46:26
  Speaker 1: the settlers in Arizona that the little boy, about eight
• 1:46:29
  Speaker 1: years old, cried so much and was so stubborn that
• 1:46:33
  Speaker 1: they had to kill him, although their original intention was
• 1:46:37
  Speaker 1: to spare his life. In eighteen eighty two, a man
• 1:46:41
  Speaker 1: named Hunt was wounded in a row in a saloon
• 1:46:44
  Speaker 1: in Tombstone, Arizona. During this row, two other men had
• 1:46:48
  Speaker 1: been killed, and to avoid arrest, Hunt and his brother
• 1:46:52
  Speaker 1: went into the mountains and camped about ten miles north
• 1:46:56
  Speaker 1: of Willow's Springs to await the healing of his wounds.
• 1:47:00
  Speaker 1: A few days after they came there, Apache Indians attacked
• 1:47:04
  Speaker 1: them and killed the wounded brother, but the other, by
• 1:47:08
  Speaker 1: hard riding, made good his escape. In eighteen eighty three,
• 1:47:12
  Speaker 1: two Eastern boys went into Arizona to prospect. Their real
• 1:47:17
  Speaker 1: outing began at Willow's Springs, where they had stayed two
• 1:47:20
  Speaker 1: days with the cowboys. These cowboys had warned them against
• 1:47:24
  Speaker 1: the Apaches, but the young men seemed entirely fearless and
• 1:47:29
  Speaker 1: pushed on into the mountains. On the second morning after
• 1:47:33
  Speaker 1: they left the settlement, one of the boys was getting
• 1:47:35
  Speaker 1: breakfast while the other went to bring in the pack
• 1:47:38
  Speaker 1: horses that had been hobbled and turned loose the night
• 1:47:41
  Speaker 1: before to graze. Just about the time he found the horses,
• 1:47:45
  Speaker 1: two Apache warriors rode out from cover toward him, and
• 1:47:49
  Speaker 1: he made a hasty retreat to camp, jumping off of
• 1:47:52
  Speaker 1: a bluff and in so doing breaking his leg. A
• 1:47:56
  Speaker 1: consultation was then held between the two Easterners, and it
• 1:48:00
  Speaker 1: was decided that perhaps all the stories they had been
• 1:48:03
  Speaker 1: told of the Apache raids were true, and that it
• 1:48:07
  Speaker 1: was advisable to surrender. Accordingly, a white handkerchief was tied
• 1:48:12
  Speaker 1: to the end of a pole and raised cautiously above
• 1:48:15
  Speaker 1: the top of the bluff. In about ten minutes, the
• 1:48:19
  Speaker 1: two Indians, one a very old warrior and the other
• 1:48:22
  Speaker 1: a mere boy. Evidently his son, rode into camp and dismounted.
• 1:48:28
  Speaker 1: The old warrior examined the broken limb, then, without a word,
• 1:48:33
  Speaker 1: proceeded to take off the shirt of the uninjured youth
• 1:48:36
  Speaker 1: with strips of which he carefully bound up the broken leg.
• 1:48:40
  Speaker 1: After this, the two Indians ate the prepared breakfast and
• 1:48:44
  Speaker 1: remounted their ponies. Then the old warrior, indicating the direction
• 1:48:49
  Speaker 1: with his thumb, said doctor Lordsburg three days, and silently
• 1:48:55
  Speaker 1: rode away. The young men rode twenty five miles to
• 1:48:58
  Speaker 1: Sant Simone, where the cowboys fitted them out with a
• 1:49:01
  Speaker 1: wagon to continue their journey to Lordsburg, seventy five miles further,
• 1:49:06
  Speaker 1: where a physician services could be secured. In eighteen eighty three,
• 1:49:12
  Speaker 1: two prospectors Alberts and Ryes by name, were driving eighteen
• 1:49:17
  Speaker 1: consisting of a horse and a mule through Turkey Creek
• 1:49:20
  Speaker 1: Bottoms when they were shot by the Indians. The wagon
• 1:49:24
  Speaker 1: and harness were left in the road, and the mule
• 1:49:26
  Speaker 1: was found dead in the road two hundred yards from
• 1:49:29
  Speaker 1: that place. Evidently, the Indians had not much use for him.
• 1:49:33
  Speaker 1: The guns of the prospectors were found later, but the
• 1:49:37
  Speaker 1: horse they drove was not recovered. In none of the
• 1:49:40
  Speaker 1: above named instances were the bodies of the victims mutilated. However,
• 1:49:46
  Speaker 1: there are many recorded instances in which the Apache Indians
• 1:49:50
  Speaker 1: did mutilate the bodies of their victims, but it is
• 1:49:54
  Speaker 1: claimed by Geronimo that these were outlawed Indians, as his
• 1:49:58
  Speaker 1: regular warriors were in store, reducted to scalp none except
• 1:50:02
  Speaker 1: those killed in battle, and to torture none except to
• 1:50:06
  Speaker 1: make them reveal desired information. In eighteen eighty four, two
• 1:50:11
  Speaker 1: cowboys in the employment of the San Simone Cattle Company
• 1:50:15
  Speaker 1: were camped at Willow Springs, eighteen miles southwest of Skeleton
• 1:50:19
  Speaker 1: Canyon and not far from Old Mexico. Just at sundown,
• 1:50:24
  Speaker 1: their camp was surrounded by Apaches in warpaint, who said
• 1:50:28
  Speaker 1: they had been at war with the Mexicans and wished
• 1:50:32
  Speaker 1: to return to the United States. There were about seventy
• 1:50:35
  Speaker 1: five Indians in the whole tribe, the squaws and children
• 1:50:39
  Speaker 1: coming up later. They had with them about one hundred
• 1:50:43
  Speaker 1: and fifty Mexican horses. The Indians took possession of the
• 1:50:47
  Speaker 1: camp and remained for about ten days, getting their supplies
• 1:50:51
  Speaker 1: of meat by killing cattle. Of the company with this
• 1:50:55
  Speaker 1: band of Indians was a white boy about fourteen years old,
• 1:50:59
  Speaker 1: who had evident been with them from infancy, for he
• 1:51:02
  Speaker 1: could not speak a word of English and did not
• 1:51:05
  Speaker 1: understand much Spanish, but spoke the Apache language readily. They
• 1:51:10
  Speaker 1: would allow but one of the cowboys to leave camp
• 1:51:13
  Speaker 1: at a time, keeping the other under guard. They had
• 1:51:17
  Speaker 1: sentinels with spyglasses on all the hills and peaks surrounding
• 1:51:21
  Speaker 1: the camp. One evening, when one of the cowboys, William Byrne,
• 1:51:26
  Speaker 1: had been allowed to pass out of the camp, he
• 1:51:29
  Speaker 1: noticed an Indian dismounted, and as he approached, discovered that
• 1:51:33
  Speaker 1: the Indian had him under range of his rifle. He
• 1:51:36
  Speaker 1: immediately dismounted and standing on the opposite side from the
• 1:51:40
  Speaker 1: red skin through his own winchester across his horse's neck,
• 1:51:44
  Speaker 1: when the Indian sprang on his horse and galloped toward
• 1:51:48
  Speaker 1: him at full speed, making signs to him not to shoot,
• 1:51:52
  Speaker 1: And when he approached him, dismounted and pointing to the ground,
• 1:51:56
  Speaker 1: showed burn many fresh deer tracks. Then, as an understanding
• 1:52:01
  Speaker 1: had been established, the cowboy remounted and went on his way,
• 1:52:05
  Speaker 1: leaving the Apache to hunt the deer. One day, when
• 1:52:09
  Speaker 1: this cowboy was about ten miles from camp, he found
• 1:52:12
  Speaker 1: two splendid horses of the Indians. These horses had strayed
• 1:52:17
  Speaker 1: from the herd. Thinking that they would in a way
• 1:52:20
  Speaker 1: compensate for the cattle the Apaches were eating, he drove
• 1:52:24
  Speaker 1: them on for about five miles into a canyon where
• 1:52:27
  Speaker 1: there was plenty of grass and water, and left them there,
• 1:52:31
  Speaker 1: intending to come back after the departure of the Indians
• 1:52:34
  Speaker 1: and take possession of them. On the tenth day after
• 1:52:38
  Speaker 1: the arrival of this band of Indians, United States troops,
• 1:52:42
  Speaker 1: accompanied by two Indians who had been sent to make
• 1:52:45
  Speaker 1: the arrangements, arrived in camp, paid for the cattle the
• 1:52:49
  Speaker 1: Apaches had eaten, took the Indians and their stock, and
• 1:52:53
  Speaker 1: moved on towards Fort Bowie. The cowboys immediately started for
• 1:52:57
  Speaker 1: the canyon where the two horses had been left, but
• 1:53:00
  Speaker 1: had not gone far when they met two Indians driving
• 1:53:03
  Speaker 1: these horses in front of them as they pushed on
• 1:53:06
  Speaker 1: to overtake the tribe. Evidently, the shrewdness of the paleface
• 1:53:11
  Speaker 1: had not outwitted the red Man that time. Geronimo says
• 1:53:16
  Speaker 1: he was in no wise connected with the events herein mentioned,
• 1:53:20
  Speaker 1: but refuses to state whether he knows anything about them.
• 1:53:24
  Speaker 1: He holds it unmanly to tell of any depredations of
• 1:53:27
  Speaker 1: Red men except those for which he was responsible. Such
• 1:53:32
  Speaker 1: were the events transpiring in Quotes Apache land during the
• 1:53:37
  Speaker 1: days when Geronimo was leading his warriors to avenge the
• 1:53:41
  Speaker 1: Quote's wrongs of his people. This chapter will serve to
• 1:53:45
  Speaker 1: show that the Apache had plenty of examples of lawlessness
• 1:53:49
  Speaker 1: furnished him, and also that he was a very apt
• 1:53:54
  Speaker 1: scholar in this school of savage lawlessness. And of Part
• 1:53:59
  Speaker 1: two of the Mexicans, Section five, Part three of the Mexicans,
• 1:54:05
  Speaker 1: and Part one of the White Men the Mexicans, Part three,
• 1:54:10
  Speaker 1: Chapter eleven, Heavy Fighting. About eighteen seventy three, we were
• 1:54:16
  Speaker 1: again attacked by Mexican troops in our settlement, but we
• 1:54:20
  Speaker 1: defeated them. Then we decided to make raids into Mexico.
• 1:54:25
  Speaker 1: We moved our whole camp, packing all our belongings on
• 1:54:28
  Speaker 1: mules and horses, went into Mexico and made camp in
• 1:54:32
  Speaker 1: the mountains near Nakoi. In moving our camp in this way,
• 1:54:36
  Speaker 1: we wanted no one to spy on us, and if
• 1:54:39
  Speaker 1: we passed a Mexican's home, we usually killed the inmates. However,
• 1:54:44
  Speaker 1: if they offered to surrender and made no resistance or
• 1:54:48
  Speaker 1: trouble in any way, we would take them prisoners. Frequently
• 1:54:52
  Speaker 1: we would change our place of rendezvous. Then we would
• 1:54:55
  Speaker 1: take with us our prisoners if they were willing to go,
• 1:54:59
  Speaker 1: but if they were unruly, they might be killed. I
• 1:55:02
  Speaker 1: remember one Mexican in the Sierra Madre Mountains who saw
• 1:55:05
  Speaker 1: us moving and delayed us for some time. We took
• 1:55:09
  Speaker 1: the trouble to get him, thinking the plunder of his
• 1:55:11
  Speaker 1: house would pay us for the delay, But after we
• 1:55:14
  Speaker 1: had killed him, we found nothing in his house worth having.
• 1:55:18
  Speaker 1: We ranged in these mountains for over a year, raiding
• 1:55:22
  Speaker 1: the Mexican settlements for our supplies, but not having any
• 1:55:26
  Speaker 1: general engagement with Mexican troops. Then we returned to our
• 1:55:29
  Speaker 1: homes in Arizona. After remaining in Arizona about a year,
• 1:55:34
  Speaker 1: we returned to Mexico and went into hiding in the
• 1:55:37
  Speaker 1: Sierra Madre Mountains. Our camp was near Nakori, and we
• 1:55:42
  Speaker 1: had just organized bands of warriors for raiding the country
• 1:55:45
  Speaker 1: when our scouts discovered Mexican troops coming toward our camp
• 1:55:49
  Speaker 1: to attack us. Battle of White Hill. The chief of
• 1:55:54
  Speaker 1: the net nay Apaches Hole was with me and commanded
• 1:55:58
  Speaker 1: one division. The warriors were all marched toward the troops
• 1:56:01
  Speaker 1: and met them at a place about five miles from
• 1:56:04
  Speaker 1: our camp. We showed ourselves to the soldiers, and they
• 1:56:08
  Speaker 1: quickly rode to the top of a hill and dismounted,
• 1:56:11
  Speaker 1: placing their horses on the outside for breastworks. It was
• 1:56:15
  Speaker 1: a round hill, very steep and rocky, and there was
• 1:56:19
  Speaker 1: no timber on its sides. There were two companies of
• 1:56:23
  Speaker 1: Mexican cavalry, and we had about sixty warriors. We crept
• 1:56:28
  Speaker 1: up the hill behind the rocks, and they kept up
• 1:56:31
  Speaker 1: a constant fire. But I had cautioned our warriors not
• 1:56:35
  Speaker 1: to expose themselves to the Mexicans. I knew that the
• 1:56:39
  Speaker 1: troopers would waste their ammunition soon. We had killed all
• 1:56:43
  Speaker 1: their horses, but the soldiers would lie behind these and
• 1:56:46
  Speaker 1: shoot at us. While we had killed several Mexicans, we
• 1:56:50
  Speaker 1: had not yet lost a man. However, it was impossible
• 1:56:54
  Speaker 1: to get very close to them in this way, and
• 1:56:57
  Speaker 1: I deemed it best to leave a charge again against them.
• 1:57:01
  Speaker 1: We had been fighting ever since about one o'clock and
• 1:57:04
  Speaker 1: about the middle of the afternoon, seeing that we were
• 1:57:07
  Speaker 1: making no further progress, I gave the sign for the advance.
• 1:57:12
  Speaker 1: The war whoop sounded, and we leaped forward from every
• 1:57:16
  Speaker 1: stone over the Mexican's dead horses, fighting hand to hand.
• 1:57:21
  Speaker 1: The attack was so sudden that the Mexicans, running first
• 1:57:24
  Speaker 1: this way and then that, became so confused that in
• 1:57:28
  Speaker 1: a few minutes we had killed them all. Then we
• 1:57:31
  Speaker 1: scalped the slain, carried away our dead, and secured all
• 1:57:35
  Speaker 1: the arms we needed. That night we moved our camp
• 1:57:39
  Speaker 1: eastward through the Sierra Madre Mountains into Chihuahua. No troops
• 1:57:43
  Speaker 1: molested us here, and after about a year we returned
• 1:57:47
  Speaker 1: to Arizona. Almost every year we would live a part
• 1:57:51
  Speaker 1: of the time in Old Mexico. There were at this
• 1:57:54
  Speaker 1: time many settlements in Arizona. Game was not plentiful, and besides,
• 1:57:59
  Speaker 1: we like to go down into Old Mexico. Besides the
• 1:58:03
  Speaker 1: lands of the net Naie Apaches, our friends and kinsmen
• 1:58:07
  Speaker 1: extended far into Mexico. Their chief Hole was as a
• 1:58:11
  Speaker 1: brother to me, and we spent much of our time
• 1:58:14
  Speaker 1: in his territory. About eighteen eighty we were in camp
• 1:58:18
  Speaker 1: in the mountains south of Casa Grande when a company
• 1:58:21
  Speaker 1: of Mexican troops attacked us. There were twenty four Mexican
• 1:58:25
  Speaker 1: soldiers and about forty Indians. The Mexicans surprised us in
• 1:58:29
  Speaker 1: camp and fired on us, killing two Indians the first folley.
• 1:58:34
  Speaker 1: I do not know how they were able to find
• 1:58:36
  Speaker 1: our camp unless they had excellent scouts and our guards
• 1:58:40
  Speaker 1: were careless. But there they were shooting at us before
• 1:58:43
  Speaker 1: we knew they were near. We were in the timber,
• 1:58:47
  Speaker 1: and I gave the order to go forward and fight
• 1:58:49
  Speaker 1: at close range. We kept behind rocks and trees until
• 1:58:53
  Speaker 1: we came within ten yards of their line. Then we
• 1:58:57
  Speaker 1: stood up and both sides shot until all the men
• 1:59:00
  Speaker 1: Mexicans were killed. We lost twelve warriors in this battle.
• 1:59:04
  Speaker 1: This place was called by the Indian Scolata. When we
• 1:59:08
  Speaker 1: had buried our dead and secured what supplies the Mexicans had,
• 1:59:11
  Speaker 1: we went northeast at a place near Nikoi. Mexican troops
• 1:59:16
  Speaker 1: attacked us. At this place called by the Indians Nakodae.
• 1:59:20
  Speaker 1: There were about eighty warriors, but Dooncahey and at nay
• 1:59:24
  Speaker 1: Apaches there were three companies of Mexican troops. They attacked
• 1:59:29
  Speaker 1: us in an open field and we scattered, firing as
• 1:59:33
  Speaker 1: we ran. They followed us, but we dispersed and soon
• 1:59:37
  Speaker 1: were free from their pursuit. Then we reassembled in the
• 1:59:40
  Speaker 1: Sierra Madre mountains. Here a council was held, and as
• 1:59:44
  Speaker 1: Mexican troops were coming from many quarters, we disbanded. In
• 1:59:49
  Speaker 1: about four months, we reassembled at Casa Grande to make
• 1:59:52
  Speaker 1: a treaty of peace. The chiefs of the town of
• 1:59:55
  Speaker 1: Casa Grande and all of the men of Casa Grande
• 1:59:58
  Speaker 1: made a treaty with us. We shook hands and promised
• 2:00:02
  Speaker 1: to be brothers. Then we began to trade, and the
• 2:00:06
  Speaker 1: Mexicans gave us mescal. Soon nearly all the Indians were drunk.
• 2:00:11
  Speaker 1: While they were drunk, two companies of Mexican troops from
• 2:00:15
  Speaker 1: another town attacked us, killed twenty Indians and captured many more.
• 2:00:21
  Speaker 1: We fled in all directions Chapter twelve, Geronimo's Mightiest Battle.
• 2:00:29
  Speaker 1: After the treachery and massacre of Casagrande, we did not
• 2:00:33
  Speaker 1: reassemble for a long while, and when we did we
• 2:00:36
  Speaker 1: returned to Arizona. We remained in Arizona for some time,
• 2:00:41
  Speaker 1: living in San Carlos reservation at a place now called Geronimo.
• 2:00:46
  Speaker 1: In eighteen eighty three we went into Mexico again. We
• 2:00:50
  Speaker 1: remained in the mountain ranges of Mexico for about fourteen months,
• 2:00:54
  Speaker 1: and during this time we had many skirmishes with Mexican troops.
• 2:00:58
  Speaker 1: In eighteen eighty four, we returned to Arizona to get
• 2:01:01
  Speaker 1: other apaches to come with us into Mexico. The Mexicans
• 2:01:05
  Speaker 1: were gathering troops in the mountains where we had been ranging,
• 2:01:09
  Speaker 1: and their numbers were so much greater than ours that
• 2:01:12
  Speaker 1: we could not hope to fight them successfully, and we
• 2:01:15
  Speaker 1: were tired of being chased about from place to place.
• 2:01:19
  Speaker 1: In Arizona, we had troubled with the United States soldiers
• 2:01:23
  Speaker 1: explained in next chapter, and returned to Mexico. We had
• 2:01:27
  Speaker 1: lost about fifteen warriors in Arizona and had gained no recruits.
• 2:01:33
  Speaker 1: With our reduced number, we camped in the mountains north
• 2:01:37
  Speaker 1: of Arespay Mexican troops were seen by our scouts in
• 2:01:40
  Speaker 1: several directions. The United States troops were coming down from
• 2:01:44
  Speaker 1: the north. We were well armed with guns and supplied
• 2:01:48
  Speaker 1: with ammunition, but we did not care to be surrounded
• 2:01:51
  Speaker 1: by the troops of two governments. So we started to
• 2:01:54
  Speaker 1: move our camp southward. One night, we made camp some
• 2:01:59
  Speaker 1: distance the mountains by a stream. There was not much
• 2:02:03
  Speaker 1: water in the stream, but a deep channel was worn
• 2:02:06
  Speaker 1: through the prairie, and small trees were beginning to grow
• 2:02:09
  Speaker 1: here and there along the bank of this stream. In
• 2:02:13
  Speaker 1: those days, we never camped without placing scouts, for we
• 2:02:16
  Speaker 1: knew that we were liable to be attacked at any time.
• 2:02:20
  Speaker 1: The next morning, just at daybreak, our scouts came in,
• 2:02:24
  Speaker 1: aroused the camp, and notified us that Mexican troops were approaching.
• 2:02:29
  Speaker 1: Within five minutes, the Mexicans began firing on us. We
• 2:02:34
  Speaker 1: took to the ditches made by the stream and had
• 2:02:36
  Speaker 1: the women and children busy digging these deeper. I gave
• 2:02:41
  Speaker 1: strict orders to waste no ammunition and keep under cover.
• 2:02:45
  Speaker 1: We killed many Mexicans that day, and in turn lost heavily.
• 2:02:50
  Speaker 1: For the fight lasted all day. Frequently troops would charge
• 2:02:55
  Speaker 1: at one point, be repulsed, then rally and charge at
• 2:02:59
  Speaker 1: another point. About noon, we began to hear them speaking
• 2:03:03
  Speaker 1: my name with curses. In the afternoon, the general came
• 2:03:07
  Speaker 1: on the field and the fighting became more furious. I
• 2:03:11
  Speaker 1: gave orders to my warriors to try to kill all
• 2:03:14
  Speaker 1: the Mexican officers. About three o'clock, the General called all
• 2:03:18
  Speaker 1: the officers together at the right side of the field.
• 2:03:22
  Speaker 1: The place where they assembled was not very far from
• 2:03:25
  Speaker 1: the main stream, and a little ditch ran out close
• 2:03:29
  Speaker 1: to where the officers stood. Cautiously, I crawled out this ditch,
• 2:03:34
  Speaker 1: very close to where the council was being held. The
• 2:03:37
  Speaker 1: General was an old warrior. The wind was blowing in
• 2:03:40
  Speaker 1: my direction so that I could hear all he said,
• 2:03:44
  Speaker 1: and I understood most of it. This is about what
• 2:03:47
  Speaker 1: he told them officers. Yonder in those ditches is the
• 2:03:52
  Speaker 1: red devil Geronimo and his hated band. This must be
• 2:03:56
  Speaker 1: his last day. Right on him from both sides of
• 2:03:59
  Speaker 1: the day. Witches kill men, women and children. Take no prisoners.
• 2:04:04
  Speaker 1: Dead Indians are what we want. Do not spare your
• 2:04:08
  Speaker 1: own men. Exterminate this band at any cost. I will
• 2:04:12
  Speaker 1: post the wounded to shoot all deserters. Go back to
• 2:04:15
  Speaker 1: your companies and advance. Just as the command to go
• 2:04:20
  Speaker 1: forward was given, I took deliberate aim at the General
• 2:04:24
  Speaker 1: and he fell in an instant. The ground around me
• 2:04:28
  Speaker 1: was riddled with bullets, but I was untouched. The apaches
• 2:04:34
  Speaker 1: had seen from all along the ditches arose the fierce
• 2:04:38
  Speaker 1: war cry of my people. The columns wavered an instant
• 2:04:41
  Speaker 1: and then swept on. They did not retreat until our
• 2:04:45
  Speaker 1: fire had destroyed the front ranks. After this their fighting
• 2:04:50
  Speaker 1: was not so fierce. Yet they continued to rally and
• 2:04:53
  Speaker 1: readvance until dark. They also continued to speak my name
• 2:04:58
  Speaker 1: with threats and curses. That night, before the firing had ceased,
• 2:05:03
  Speaker 1: a dozen Indians had crawled out of the ditches and
• 2:05:06
  Speaker 1: set fire to the long prairie grass behind the Mexican troops.
• 2:05:10
  Speaker 1: During the confusion that followed, we escaped to the mountains.
• 2:05:15
  Speaker 1: This was the last battle that I ever fought with Mexicans.
• 2:05:19
  Speaker 1: United States troops were trailing us continually from this time
• 2:05:24
  Speaker 1: until the treaty was made with General Miles in Skeleton Canyon.
• 2:05:29
  Speaker 1: During my many wars with the Mexicans, I received eight
• 2:05:32
  Speaker 1: wounds as follows. Shot in the right leg above the
• 2:05:36
  Speaker 1: knee and still carry the bullet shot through the left forearm.
• 2:05:41
  Speaker 1: Wounded in the right leg below the knee with a saber.
• 2:05:45
  Speaker 1: Wounded on top of the head with the butt of
• 2:05:47
  Speaker 1: a musket shot just below the outer corner of the
• 2:05:51
  Speaker 1: left eye, shot in the left side, shot in the back.
• 2:05:56
  Speaker 1: I have killed many Mexicans. I do not know how
• 2:05:59
  Speaker 1: many for free. I did not count them. Some of
• 2:06:02
  Speaker 1: them were not worth counting. It has been a long
• 2:06:05
  Speaker 1: time since then, but still I have no love for
• 2:06:08
  Speaker 1: the Mexicans with me. They were always treacherous and malicious.
• 2:06:14
  Speaker 1: I am old now and shall never go on the
• 2:06:17
  Speaker 1: war path again. But if I were young and followed
• 2:06:21
  Speaker 1: the war path, it would lead into Old Mexico. Part three,
• 2:06:29
  Speaker 1: The White Men, Chapter thirteen, Coming of the white Men.
• 2:06:34
  Speaker 1: About the time of the massacre of Kaskilla eighteen fifty eight,
• 2:06:39
  Speaker 1: we heard that some white men were measuring land to
• 2:06:42
  Speaker 1: the south of us. In company with a number of
• 2:06:45
  Speaker 1: other warriors. I went to visit them. We could not
• 2:06:48
  Speaker 1: understand them very well, for we had no interpreter, but
• 2:06:53
  Speaker 1: we made a treaty with them by shaking hands and
• 2:06:56
  Speaker 1: promising to be brothers. Then we made our camp near
• 2:06:59
  Speaker 1: the camp, and they came to trade with us. We
• 2:07:03
  Speaker 1: gave them buckskin, blankets, and ponies in exchange for shirts
• 2:07:07
  Speaker 1: and provisions. We also brought them game, for which they
• 2:07:11
  Speaker 1: gave us some money. We did not know the value
• 2:07:13
  Speaker 1: of this money, but we kept it and later learned
• 2:07:17
  Speaker 1: from the Navajo Indians that it was very valuable. Every
• 2:07:21
  Speaker 1: day they measured land with curious instruments and put down
• 2:07:25
  Speaker 1: marks which we could not understand. They were good men,
• 2:07:29
  Speaker 1: and we were sorry when they had gone on into
• 2:07:31
  Speaker 1: the west. They were not soldiers. These were the first
• 2:07:35
  Speaker 1: white men I ever saw. About ten years later some
• 2:07:39
  Speaker 1: more white men came. These were all warriors. They made
• 2:07:43
  Speaker 1: their camp on the Hiela River south of Hot Springs.
• 2:07:47
  Speaker 1: At first they were friendly and we did not dislike them,
• 2:07:50
  Speaker 1: but they were not as good as those who came first.
• 2:07:54
  Speaker 1: After about a year, some trouble arose between them and
• 2:07:57
  Speaker 1: the Indians, and I took them Warpath as a warrior,
• 2:08:01
  Speaker 1: not as a chief. I had not been wronged, but
• 2:08:05
  Speaker 1: some of my people had been, and I fought with
• 2:08:08
  Speaker 1: my tribe for the soldiers and not the Indians were
• 2:08:12
  Speaker 1: at fault. Not long after this, some of the officers
• 2:08:16
  Speaker 1: of the United States troops invited our leaders to hold
• 2:08:20
  Speaker 1: a conference at Apache Pass, Fort Bowie. Just before noon,
• 2:08:25
  Speaker 1: the Indians were shown into a tent and told that
• 2:08:28
  Speaker 1: they would be given something to eat. When in the
• 2:08:31
  Speaker 1: tent they were attacked by soldiers. Our chief Mangus Colorado
• 2:08:36
  Speaker 1: and several other warriors by cutting through the tent, escaped,
• 2:08:41
  Speaker 1: but most of the warriors were killed or captured. Among
• 2:08:45
  Speaker 1: the badonkahey Apaches killed at this time were sansa Qua, Detache, Nicokahe,
• 2:08:51
  Speaker 1: and Gopi. After this treachery, the Indians went back to
• 2:08:55
  Speaker 1: the mountains and left the fort entirely alone. I do
• 2:08:59
  Speaker 1: not think that the agent had anything to do with
• 2:09:01
  Speaker 1: planning this, for he had always treated us well. I
• 2:09:05
  Speaker 1: believe it was entirely planned by the soldiers from the
• 2:09:10
  Speaker 1: very first. The soldiers sent out to our western country,
• 2:09:13
  Speaker 1: and the officers in charge of them did not hesitate
• 2:09:17
  Speaker 1: to wrong the Indians. They never explained to the government
• 2:09:21
  Speaker 1: when an Indian was wronged, but always reported the misdeeds
• 2:09:25
  Speaker 1: of the Indians. Much that was done by mean white
• 2:09:29
  Speaker 1: men was reported at Washington as the deeds of my people.
• 2:09:33
  Speaker 1: The Indians always tried to live peaceably with the white
• 2:09:36
  Speaker 1: soldiers and settlers. One day, during the time that the
• 2:09:40
  Speaker 1: soldiers were stationed at Apache Pass, I made a treaty
• 2:09:44
  Speaker 1: with the post. This was done by shaking hands and
• 2:09:47
  Speaker 1: promising to be brothers. Cochise and Mangus Colorado did likewise,
• 2:09:52
  Speaker 1: I do not know the name of the officer in command,
• 2:09:56
  Speaker 1: but this was the first regiment that ever came to
• 2:09:58
  Speaker 1: Apache Pass. This treaty was made about a year before
• 2:10:02
  Speaker 1: we were attacked in a tent as above related. In
• 2:10:06
  Speaker 1: a few days after the attack at Apache Pass, we
• 2:10:09
  Speaker 1: organized in the mountains and returned to fight the soldiers.
• 2:10:14
  Speaker 1: There were two tribes, the Badankahey and the chaconan Apaches,
• 2:10:18
  Speaker 1: both commanded by Cochise. After a few days skirmishing, we
• 2:10:22
  Speaker 1: attacked a freight train that was coming in with supplies
• 2:10:26
  Speaker 1: for the fort. We killed some of the men and
• 2:10:29
  Speaker 1: captured the others. These prisoners, our chief offered to trade
• 2:10:33
  Speaker 1: for the Indians whom the soldiers had captured at the
• 2:10:36
  Speaker 1: massacre in the tent. This the officers refused, so we
• 2:10:40
  Speaker 1: killed our prisoners, disbanded, and went into hiding in the mountains.
• 2:10:45
  Speaker 1: Of those who took part in this affair, I am
• 2:10:48
  Speaker 1: the only one now living. In a few days, troops
• 2:10:52
  Speaker 1: were sent out to search for us, but as we
• 2:10:55
  Speaker 1: were disbanded, it was of course impossible for them to
• 2:10:59
  Speaker 1: locate any style camp. During the time they were searching
• 2:11:02
  Speaker 1: for us, many of our warriors, who were thought by
• 2:11:06
  Speaker 1: the soldiers to be peaceable. Indians talked to the officers
• 2:11:10
  Speaker 1: and men, advising them where they might find the camp
• 2:11:13
  Speaker 1: they sought, And while they searched, we watched them from
• 2:11:17
  Speaker 1: our hiding places and laughed at their failures. After this trouble,
• 2:11:22
  Speaker 1: all of the Indians agreed not to be friendly with
• 2:11:26
  Speaker 1: the white men anymore. There was no general engagement, but
• 2:11:30
  Speaker 1: a long struggle followed. Sometimes we attacked the white men,
• 2:11:35
  Speaker 1: sometimes they attacked us. First a few Indians would be killed,
• 2:11:39
  Speaker 1: and then a few soldiers. I think the killing was
• 2:11:42
  Speaker 1: about equal on each side. The number killed in these
• 2:11:46
  Speaker 1: troubles did not amount to much, but this treachery on
• 2:11:50
  Speaker 1: the part of the soldiers had angered the Indians and
• 2:11:53
  Speaker 1: revived memories of other wrongs, so that we never again
• 2:11:58
  Speaker 1: trusted the United States troops. End of Part one of
• 2:12:03
  Speaker 1: the White Men, Section six, Part two of the White Men,
• 2:12:09
  Speaker 1: Chapter fourteen. Greatest of wrongs, perhaps the greatest wrong ever
• 2:12:14
  Speaker 1: done to the Indians, was the treatment received by our
• 2:12:18
  Speaker 1: tribe from the United States troops. About eighteen sixty three,
• 2:12:22
  Speaker 1: the chief of our tribe, Mangus, Colorado, went to make
• 2:12:26
  Speaker 1: a treaty of peace for our people with the White
• 2:12:29
  Speaker 1: settlement at Apache Tejo, New Mexico. It had been reported
• 2:12:34
  Speaker 1: to us that the white men in this settlement were
• 2:12:36
  Speaker 1: more friendly and more reliable than those in Arizona, that
• 2:12:40
  Speaker 1: they would live up to their treaties and would not
• 2:12:43
  Speaker 1: wrong the Indians. Mangus Colorado with three other warriors went
• 2:12:48
  Speaker 1: to Apache Tejo and held a council with these citizens
• 2:12:52
  Speaker 1: and soldiers. They told him that if he would come
• 2:12:55
  Speaker 1: with his tribe and live near them, they would issue
• 2:12:58
  Speaker 1: to him from the govern blankets, flower provisions, beef, and
• 2:13:04
  Speaker 1: all manner of supplies. Our chief promised to return to
• 2:13:08
  Speaker 1: apache Tejo within two weeks. When he came back to
• 2:13:11
  Speaker 1: our settlement, he assembled the whole tribe in council. I
• 2:13:16
  Speaker 1: did not believe that the people at apache Tejo would
• 2:13:19
  Speaker 1: do as they said, and therefore I opposed the plan.
• 2:13:24
  Speaker 1: But it was decided that with part of the tribe,
• 2:13:27
  Speaker 1: Mangus Colorado should return to apache Tejo and receive an
• 2:13:31
  Speaker 1: issue of rations and supplies. If they were as represented,
• 2:13:36
  Speaker 1: and if these white men would keep the treaty faithfully,
• 2:13:40
  Speaker 1: the remainder of the tribe would join him, and we
• 2:13:43
  Speaker 1: would make our permanent home at Apache Caho. I was
• 2:13:47
  Speaker 1: to remain in charge of that portion of the tribe
• 2:13:50
  Speaker 1: which stayed in Arizona. We gave almost all of our
• 2:13:54
  Speaker 1: arms and ammunition to the party going to Apache Teho,
• 2:13:58
  Speaker 1: so that in case there should be treachery, they would
• 2:14:01
  Speaker 1: be prepared for any surprise. Mangus Colorado and about half
• 2:14:06
  Speaker 1: of our people went to New Mexico, happy that now
• 2:14:09
  Speaker 1: they had found white men who would be kind to
• 2:14:11
  Speaker 1: them and with whom they could live in peace and plenty.
• 2:14:16
  Speaker 1: No word ever came to us from them. From other sources, however,
• 2:14:21
  Speaker 1: we heard that they had been treacherously captured and slain.
• 2:14:25
  Speaker 1: In this dilemma, we did not know just exactly what
• 2:14:28
  Speaker 1: to do, but fearing that the troops who had captured
• 2:14:31
  Speaker 1: them would attack us, we retreated into the mountains near
• 2:14:35
  Speaker 1: Apache Pass. During the weeks that followed the departure of
• 2:14:39
  Speaker 1: our people, we had been in suspense and failing to
• 2:14:43
  Speaker 1: provide more supplies, had exhausted all of our store of provisions.
• 2:14:47
  Speaker 1: This was another reason for moving camp on this retreat.
• 2:14:51
  Speaker 1: While passing through the mountains, we discovered four men with
• 2:14:55
  Speaker 1: a herd of cattle. Two of the men were in
• 2:14:58
  Speaker 1: front in a buggy and two were behind on horseback.
• 2:15:02
  Speaker 1: We killed all four, but did not scout them. They
• 2:15:05
  Speaker 1: were not warriors. We drove the cattle back into the mountains,
• 2:15:10
  Speaker 1: made a camp, and began to kill the cattle and
• 2:15:13
  Speaker 1: pack the meat. Before we had finished this work, we
• 2:15:16
  Speaker 1: were surprised and attacked by United States troops, who killed
• 2:15:20
  Speaker 1: in all seven Indians, one warrior, three women, and three children.
• 2:15:26
  Speaker 1: The government troops were mounted, and so were we, but
• 2:15:29
  Speaker 1: we were poorly armed, having given most of our weapons
• 2:15:32
  Speaker 1: to the division of our tribe that had gone to
• 2:15:35
  Speaker 1: Apache Tejo, so we fought mainly with spears, bows and arrows.
• 2:15:41
  Speaker 1: At first I had a spear, a bow, and a
• 2:15:44
  Speaker 1: few arrows, but in a short time my spear and
• 2:15:47
  Speaker 1: all my arrows were gone. Once I was surrounded, but
• 2:15:51
  Speaker 1: by dodging from side to side of my horse as
• 2:15:54
  Speaker 1: he ran, I escaped. It was necessary during this fight
• 2:15:58
  Speaker 1: for many of the war warriors to leave their horses
• 2:16:01
  Speaker 1: and escape on foot, but my horse was trained to
• 2:16:05
  Speaker 1: come at call, and as soon as I reached a
• 2:16:08
  Speaker 1: safe place, if not too closely pursued, I would call
• 2:16:12
  Speaker 1: him to me. During this fight, we scattered in all directions,
• 2:16:16
  Speaker 1: and two days later reassembled at our appointed place. Of rendezvous,
• 2:16:20
  Speaker 1: about fifty miles from the scene of this battle. About
• 2:16:24
  Speaker 1: ten days later, the same United States troops attacked our
• 2:16:28
  Speaker 1: new camp at sunrise. The fight lasted all day, but
• 2:16:32
  Speaker 1: our arrows and spears were all gone before ten o'clock,
• 2:16:36
  Speaker 1: and for the remainder of the day we had only
• 2:16:39
  Speaker 1: rocks and clubs with which to fight. We could do
• 2:16:42
  Speaker 1: little damage with these weapons, and at night we moved
• 2:16:46
  Speaker 1: our camp about four miles back into the mountains, where
• 2:16:49
  Speaker 1: it would be hard for the cavalry to follow us.
• 2:16:52
  Speaker 1: The next day, our scouts, who had been left behind
• 2:16:56
  Speaker 1: to observe the movements of the soldiers, returned saying that
• 2:17:00
  Speaker 1: troops had gone back towards San Carlos Reservation. A few
• 2:17:04
  Speaker 1: days after this, we were again attacked by another company
• 2:17:07
  Speaker 1: of United States troops. Just before this fight, we had
• 2:17:11
  Speaker 1: been joined by a band of Chaconan Indians under cochief,
• 2:17:14
  Speaker 1: who took command of both divisions. We were repulsed and
• 2:17:18
  Speaker 1: decided to disband. After we had disbanded our tribe, the
• 2:17:23
  Speaker 1: badonkahey Apaches reassembled near their old camp, vainly waiting for
• 2:17:28
  Speaker 1: the return of Mangus Colorado and our kinsmen. No tidings
• 2:17:32
  Speaker 1: came save that they had all been treacherously slain. Then
• 2:17:36
  Speaker 1: a council was held, and as it was believed that
• 2:17:40
  Speaker 1: Mangus Colorado was dead, I was elected tribal chief. For
• 2:17:45
  Speaker 1: a long time we had no trouble with anyone. It
• 2:17:48
  Speaker 1: was more than a year after I had been made
• 2:17:51
  Speaker 1: tribal chief that United States troops surprised and attacked our camp.
• 2:17:57
  Speaker 1: They killed seven children, five women, and four warriors, captured
• 2:18:01
  Speaker 1: all our supplies blankets, horses and clothing, and destroyed our teepees.
• 2:18:07
  Speaker 1: We had nothing left. Winter was beginning, and it was
• 2:18:11
  Speaker 1: the coldest winter I ever knew. After the soldiers withdrew,
• 2:18:16
  Speaker 1: I took three warriors and trailed them. Their trail led
• 2:18:20
  Speaker 1: back towards San Carlos Chapter fifteen removals. While returning from
• 2:18:27
  Speaker 1: trailing the government troops, we saw two men, a Mexican
• 2:18:31
  Speaker 1: and a white man, and shot them off their horses.
• 2:18:35
  Speaker 1: With these two horses, we returned and moved our camp.
• 2:18:39
  Speaker 1: My people were suffering much, and it was deemed advisable
• 2:18:42
  Speaker 1: to go where we could get more provisions. Game was
• 2:18:45
  Speaker 1: scarce in our range then, and since I had been
• 2:18:48
  Speaker 1: tribal chief, I had not asked for rations from the government,
• 2:18:52
  Speaker 1: nor did I care to do so, but we did
• 2:18:55
  Speaker 1: not wish to starve. We had heard that Chief Victoria
• 2:18:59
  Speaker 1: of the Cecheni o Jocaliente Apaches was holding a council
• 2:19:04
  Speaker 1: with the white men near Hot Springs in New Mexico,
• 2:19:07
  Speaker 1: and that he had plenty of provisions. We had always
• 2:19:11
  Speaker 1: been on friendly terms with this tribe, and Victoria was
• 2:19:15
  Speaker 1: especially kind to my people. With the help of the
• 2:19:18
  Speaker 1: two horses we had captured to carry our sick with us,
• 2:19:21
  Speaker 1: we went to Hot Springs. We easily found Victoria and
• 2:19:25
  Speaker 1: his band, and they gave us supplies for the winter.
• 2:19:29
  Speaker 1: We stayed with them for about a year, and during
• 2:19:32
  Speaker 1: this stay we had perfect peace. We had not the
• 2:19:36
  Speaker 1: least trouble with Mexicans, white men, or Indians. When we
• 2:19:41
  Speaker 1: had stayed as long as we should and had again
• 2:19:44
  Speaker 1: accumulated some supplies, we decided to leave Victoria's band. When
• 2:19:49
  Speaker 1: I told him that we were going to leave, he
• 2:19:52
  Speaker 1: said that we should have a feast and dance before
• 2:19:54
  Speaker 1: we separated. The festivities were held about two miles above
• 2:19:59
  Speaker 1: Hot Spring and lasted for four days. There were about
• 2:20:04
  Speaker 1: four hundred Indians at this celebration. I do not think
• 2:20:07
  Speaker 1: we ever spent a more pleasant time than upon this occasion.
• 2:20:12
  Speaker 1: No one ever treated our tribe more kindly than Victoria
• 2:20:16
  Speaker 1: and his band. We are still proud to say that
• 2:20:19
  Speaker 1: he and his people were our friends. When I went
• 2:20:23
  Speaker 1: to apache Pass Fort Bowie, I found General Howard in
• 2:20:28
  Speaker 1: command and made a treaty with him. This treaty lasted
• 2:20:32
  Speaker 1: until long after General Howard had left our country. He
• 2:20:36
  Speaker 1: always kept his word with us and treated us as brothers.
• 2:20:40
  Speaker 1: We never had so good a friend among the United
• 2:20:43
  Speaker 1: States officers as General Howard. We could have lived forever
• 2:20:47
  Speaker 1: at peace with him. If there is any pure, honest
• 2:20:51
  Speaker 1: white man in the United States Army, that man is
• 2:20:55
  Speaker 1: General Howard. All the Indians respect him, and even to
• 2:20:59
  Speaker 1: this day frequently talk of the happy times when General
• 2:21:02
  Speaker 1: Howard was in command of our post. After he went away,
• 2:21:06
  Speaker 1: he placed an agent at apache Pass who issued to
• 2:21:10
  Speaker 1: us from the government clothing, rations and supplies. As General
• 2:21:14
  Speaker 1: Howard directed. When beef was issued to the Indians, I
• 2:21:18
  Speaker 1: got twelve steers for my tribe, and Cochise got twelve
• 2:21:22
  Speaker 1: steers for his tribe. Rations were issued about once a month,
• 2:21:27
  Speaker 1: but if we ran out, we only had to ask,
• 2:21:30
  Speaker 1: and we were supplied. Now as prisoners of war in
• 2:21:34
  Speaker 1: this reservation, we do not get such good rations. Out
• 2:21:38
  Speaker 1: on the prairie. Away from Apache Pass, a man kept
• 2:21:42
  Speaker 1: a store and saloon. Some time after General Howard went away.
• 2:21:46
  Speaker 1: A band of outlawed Indians killed this man and took
• 2:21:50
  Speaker 1: away many of the supplies from his store. On the
• 2:21:54
  Speaker 1: very next day after this, some Indians at the post
• 2:21:57
  Speaker 1: were drunk on tiswin, which they had made from corn.
• 2:22:01
  Speaker 1: They fought among themselves, and four of them were killed.
• 2:22:05
  Speaker 1: There had been quarrels and feuds among them for some time,
• 2:22:08
  Speaker 1: and after this trouble, we deemed it impossible to keep
• 2:22:12
  Speaker 1: the different bands together in peace. Therefore we separated, each
• 2:22:17
  Speaker 1: leader taking his own band. Some of them went to
• 2:22:21
  Speaker 1: San Carlos and some to Old Mexico. But I took
• 2:22:25
  Speaker 1: my tribe back to Hot Springs and rejoined Victoria's band
• 2:22:31
  Speaker 1: Chapter sixteen in prison and on the war path. Soon
• 2:22:36
  Speaker 1: after we arrived in New Mexico, two companies of scouts
• 2:22:40
  Speaker 1: were sent from San Carlos. When they came to Hot Springs,
• 2:22:43
  Speaker 1: they sent word for me and Victoria to come to town.
• 2:22:47
  Speaker 1: The messengers did not say what they wanted with us,
• 2:22:50
  Speaker 1: but as they seemed friendly. We thought they wanted a council,
• 2:22:54
  Speaker 1: and wrote in to meet the officers. As soon as
• 2:22:57
  Speaker 1: we arrived in town, soldiers met us, disarmed us, and
• 2:23:02
  Speaker 1: took us both to headquarters, where we were tried by
• 2:23:05
  Speaker 1: court martial. They asked us only a few questions, and
• 2:23:09
  Speaker 1: then Victoria was released and I was sentenced to the
• 2:23:13
  Speaker 1: guard house. Scouts conducted me to the guard house and
• 2:23:17
  Speaker 1: put me in chains. When I asked them why they
• 2:23:20
  Speaker 1: did this, they said it was because I had left
• 2:23:24
  Speaker 1: apache Pass. I do not think I ever belonged to
• 2:23:28
  Speaker 1: those soldiers at apache Pass, or that I should have
• 2:23:32
  Speaker 1: asked them where I might go. Our bands could no
• 2:23:36
  Speaker 1: longer live in peace together, and so we had quietly withdrawn,
• 2:23:41
  Speaker 1: expecting to live with Victoria's band, where we thought we
• 2:23:44
  Speaker 1: would not be molested. They also sentenced seven other Apaches
• 2:23:49
  Speaker 1: to chains in the guard house. I do not know
• 2:23:53
  Speaker 1: why this was done, for these Indians had simply followed
• 2:23:57
  Speaker 1: me from apache Pass to Hot Springs. If it was wrong,
• 2:24:01
  Speaker 1: and I do not think it was wrong for us
• 2:24:03
  Speaker 1: to go to Hot Springs, I alone was to blame.
• 2:24:08
  Speaker 1: They asked the soldiers in charge why they were imprisoned
• 2:24:11
  Speaker 1: and chained but received no answer. I was kept a
• 2:24:15
  Speaker 1: prisoner for four months, during which time I was transferred
• 2:24:19
  Speaker 1: to San Carlos. Then I think I had another trial,
• 2:24:23
  Speaker 1: although I was not present. In fact, I do not
• 2:24:27
  Speaker 1: know that I had another trial, but I was told
• 2:24:30
  Speaker 1: that I had, and at any rate, I was released.
• 2:24:34
  Speaker 1: After this, we had no more trouble with the soldiers,
• 2:24:38
  Speaker 1: but I never felt at ease any longer. At the post.
• 2:24:42
  Speaker 1: We were allowed to live above San Carlos at a
• 2:24:44
  Speaker 1: place now called Geronimo. A man whom the Indians called
• 2:24:48
  Speaker 1: Nick Gulli was agent at this place. All went well
• 2:24:53
  Speaker 1: here for a period of two years, but we were
• 2:24:56
  Speaker 1: not satisfied. In the summer of eighteen eighty three, a
• 2:25:01
  Speaker 1: rumor was current that the officers were again planning to
• 2:25:04
  Speaker 1: imprison our leaders. This rumor served to revive the memories
• 2:25:08
  Speaker 1: of all our past wrongs, the massacre in the tent
• 2:25:12
  Speaker 1: at Apache Pass, the fate of Mangus Colorado, and my
• 2:25:16
  Speaker 1: own unjust imprisonment, which might easily have been death to me.
• 2:25:22
  Speaker 1: Just at this time we were told that the officers
• 2:25:24
  Speaker 1: wanted us to come up the river above Geronimo to
• 2:25:28
  Speaker 1: a fort, Fort Thomas, to hold a council with them.
• 2:25:33
  Speaker 1: We did not believe that any good could come of
• 2:25:35
  Speaker 1: this conference, or that there was any need of it,
• 2:25:39
  Speaker 1: so we held a council ourselves, and, fearing treachery, decided
• 2:25:44
  Speaker 1: to leave the reservation. We thought it more manly to
• 2:25:48
  Speaker 1: die on the war path than to be killed in prison.
• 2:25:53
  Speaker 1: There were in all about two hundred and fifty Indians,
• 2:25:56
  Speaker 1: chiefly the Badonka, Hay and net nay apaches. Led by
• 2:26:00
  Speaker 1: myself and Ho we went through Apache Pass and just
• 2:26:04
  Speaker 1: west of there had a fight with the United States troops.
• 2:26:08
  Speaker 1: In this battle we killed three soldiers and lost none.
• 2:26:12
  Speaker 1: We went on toward Old Mexico, but on the second
• 2:26:15
  Speaker 1: day after this, United States soldiers overtook us about three
• 2:26:19
  Speaker 1: o'clock in the afternoon, and we fought until dark. The
• 2:26:24
  Speaker 1: ground where we were attacked was very rough, which was
• 2:26:27
  Speaker 1: to our advantage, for the troops were compelled to dismount
• 2:26:30
  Speaker 1: in order to fight us. I do not know how
• 2:26:33
  Speaker 1: many soldiers we killed, but we lost only one warrior
• 2:26:37
  Speaker 1: and three children. We had plenty of guns and ammunition
• 2:26:41
  Speaker 1: at this time. Many of the guns and much ammunition
• 2:26:44
  Speaker 1: we had accumulated while living in the reservation, and the
• 2:26:48
  Speaker 1: remainder we had obtained from the White Mountain Apaches. When
• 2:26:52
  Speaker 1: we left the reservation, troops did not follow us any longer,
• 2:26:56
  Speaker 1: so we went south, almost to Casa Grande and camped
• 2:27:01
  Speaker 1: in the sierra the Sahuariba mountains. We ranged in the
• 2:27:04
  Speaker 1: mountains of Old Mexico for about a year, then returned
• 2:27:08
  Speaker 1: to San Carlos, taking with us a herd of cattle
• 2:27:12
  Speaker 1: and horses. Soon after we arrived at San Carlos, the
• 2:27:16
  Speaker 1: officer in charge, General Cook, took the horses and cattle
• 2:27:20
  Speaker 1: away from us. I told him that these were not
• 2:27:24
  Speaker 1: white men's cattle, but belonged to us, for we had
• 2:27:28
  Speaker 1: taken them from the Mexicans during our wars. I also
• 2:27:32
  Speaker 1: told him that we did not intend to kill these animals,
• 2:27:35
  Speaker 1: but that we wished to keep them and raise stock
• 2:27:38
  Speaker 1: on our range. He would not listen to me, but
• 2:27:41
  Speaker 1: took the stock. I went up near Fort Apache, and
• 2:27:45
  Speaker 1: General Cook ordered officers, soldiers, and scouts to see that
• 2:27:49
  Speaker 1: I was arrested. If I offered resistance, they were instructed
• 2:27:53
  Speaker 1: to kill me. This information was brought to me by
• 2:27:57
  Speaker 1: the Indians. When I learned of this proposed action, I
• 2:28:02
  Speaker 1: left for Old Mexico and about four hundred Indians went
• 2:28:06
  Speaker 1: with me. They were the badonkahe Chiconan, and net nay Apaches.
• 2:28:11
  Speaker 1: At this time, Holl was dead and Nichi was the
• 2:28:14
  Speaker 1: only chief with me. We went south into Sonora and
• 2:28:18
  Speaker 1: camped in the mountains. Troops followed us, but did not
• 2:28:21
  Speaker 1: attack us until we were camped in the mountains west
• 2:28:24
  Speaker 1: of Casa Grande. Here we were attacked by government Indian scouts.
• 2:28:30
  Speaker 1: One boy was killed and nearly all of our women
• 2:28:32
  Speaker 1: and children were captured. After this battle, we went south
• 2:28:37
  Speaker 1: of Casa Grande and made a camp, but within a
• 2:28:40
  Speaker 1: few days this camp was attacked by Mexican soldiers. We
• 2:28:44
  Speaker 1: skirmished with them all day, killing a few Mexicans, but
• 2:28:48
  Speaker 1: sustaining no loss ourselves. That night we went east into
• 2:28:53
  Speaker 1: the foothills of the Sierra Madre mountains and made another camp.
• 2:28:57
  Speaker 1: Mexican troops trailed us, and after a few days attacked
• 2:29:00
  Speaker 1: our camp again. This time the Mexicans had a very
• 2:29:04
  Speaker 1: large army, and we avoided a general engagement. It is
• 2:29:09
  Speaker 1: senseless to fight when you cannot hope to win. That night,
• 2:29:13
  Speaker 1: we held a council of war. Our scouts had reported
• 2:29:17
  Speaker 1: bands of United States and Mexican troops at many points
• 2:29:20
  Speaker 1: in the mountains. We estimated that about two thousand soldiers
• 2:29:25
  Speaker 1: were ranging these mountains seeking to capture us. General Cook
• 2:29:30
  Speaker 1: had come down into Mexico with the United States troops.
• 2:29:33
  Speaker 1: They were camped in the Sierra de Atunes Mountains. Scouts
• 2:29:37
  Speaker 1: told me that General Crook wished to see me, and
• 2:29:41
  Speaker 1: I went to his camp. When I arrived, General Cook
• 2:29:44
  Speaker 1: said to me, why did you leave the reservation. I said,
• 2:29:49
  Speaker 1: you told me that I might live in the reservation
• 2:29:52
  Speaker 1: the same as white people lived. One year, I raised
• 2:29:55
  Speaker 1: a crop of corn and gathered and stored it. And
• 2:29:58
  Speaker 1: the next year I put in a crop of oats,
• 2:30:01
  Speaker 1: And when the crop was almost ready to harvest, you
• 2:30:04
  Speaker 1: told your soldiers to put me in prison, and if
• 2:30:07
  Speaker 1: I resisted, to kill me. If I had been let alone,
• 2:30:11
  Speaker 1: I would now have been in good circumstances. But instead
• 2:30:15
  Speaker 1: of that, you and the Mexicans are hunting me with soldiers.
• 2:30:20
  Speaker 1: He said, I never gave any such orders. The troops
• 2:30:23
  Speaker 1: at Fort Apache, who spread this report knew that it
• 2:30:27
  Speaker 1: was untrue. Then I agreed to go back with him
• 2:30:31
  Speaker 1: to San Carlos. It was hard for me to believe
• 2:30:34
  Speaker 1: him at that time. Now I know that what he
• 2:30:37
  Speaker 1: said was untrue, and I firmly believed that he did
• 2:30:41
  Speaker 1: issue the orders for me to be put in prison
• 2:30:45
  Speaker 1: or to be killed in case I offered resistance. Chapter seventeen,
• 2:30:51
  Speaker 1: The Final Struggle. We started with all our tribe to
• 2:30:56
  Speaker 1: go with General Crook back to the United States, but
• 2:31:00
  Speaker 1: I feared treachery and decided to remain in Mexico. We
• 2:31:04
  Speaker 1: were not under any guard at this time. The United
• 2:31:07
  Speaker 1: States troops marched in front and the Indians followed, and
• 2:31:12
  Speaker 1: when we became suspicious, we turned back. I do not
• 2:31:16
  Speaker 1: know how far the United States army went after myself,
• 2:31:19
  Speaker 1: and some warriors turned back before we were missed, and
• 2:31:23
  Speaker 1: I do not care. I have suffered much from such
• 2:31:27
  Speaker 1: unjust orders as those of General Cook. Such acts have
• 2:31:31
  Speaker 1: caused much distress to my people. I think that General
• 2:31:35
  Speaker 1: Cook's death was sent by the Almighty as a punishment
• 2:31:38
  Speaker 1: for the many evil deeds he committed. Soon, General Miles
• 2:31:44
  Speaker 1: was made commander of all the western posts, and troops
• 2:31:47
  Speaker 1: trailed us continually. They were led by Captain Lawton, who
• 2:31:52
  Speaker 1: had good scouts. The Mexican soldiers also became more active
• 2:31:56
  Speaker 1: and more numerous. We had skirmishes almost every day, and
• 2:32:01
  Speaker 1: so we finally decided to break up into small bands.
• 2:32:05
  Speaker 1: With six men and four women, I made for the
• 2:32:08
  Speaker 1: range of mountains near Hot Springs, New Mexico. We passed
• 2:32:12
  Speaker 1: many cattle ranches, but had no trouble with the cowboys.
• 2:32:16
  Speaker 1: We killed cattle to eat whenever we were in need
• 2:32:19
  Speaker 1: of food, but we frequently suffered greatly for water. At
• 2:32:23
  Speaker 1: one time we had no water for two days and nights,
• 2:32:27
  Speaker 1: and our horses almost died from thirst. We ranged in
• 2:32:31
  Speaker 1: the mountains of New Mexico for some time, then, thinking
• 2:32:35
  Speaker 1: that perhaps the troops had left Mexico, we returned. On
• 2:32:39
  Speaker 1: our return through Old Mexico, we attacked every Mexican found,
• 2:32:44
  Speaker 1: even if for no other reason than to kill. We
• 2:32:48
  Speaker 1: believed they had asked the United States troops to come
• 2:32:51
  Speaker 1: down to Mexico to fight us. South of Casa Grande,
• 2:32:56
  Speaker 1: near a place called by the Indians Gosoda, there was
• 2:32:59
  Speaker 1: a road leading out from the town. There was much
• 2:33:03
  Speaker 1: freighting carried on by the Mexicans over this road. Where
• 2:33:06
  Speaker 1: the road ran through a mountain pass, we stayed in hiding,
• 2:33:11
  Speaker 1: and whenever Mexican freighters passed, we killed them. Took what
• 2:33:15
  Speaker 1: supplies we wanted and destroyed the remainder. We were reckless
• 2:33:20
  Speaker 1: of our lives because we felt that every man's hand
• 2:33:24
  Speaker 1: was against us. If we returned to the reservation, we
• 2:33:27
  Speaker 1: would be put in prison and killed. If we stayed
• 2:33:31
  Speaker 1: in Mexico, they would continue to send soldiers to fight us.
• 2:33:35
  Speaker 1: So we gave no quarter to anyone and asked no favors.
• 2:33:42
  Speaker 1: End of Section six, Section seven The White Men, Part three.
• 2:33:48
  Speaker 1: After some time we left Casoda and soon were reunited
• 2:33:52
  Speaker 1: with our tribe in the Sierra de Altunes mountains. Contrary
• 2:33:56
  Speaker 1: to our expectations, the United States soldiers had not left
• 2:34:01
  Speaker 1: the mountains in Mexico and were soon trailing us and
• 2:34:04
  Speaker 1: skirmishing with us almost every day. Four or five times
• 2:34:09
  Speaker 1: they surprised our camp. One time they surprised us about
• 2:34:13
  Speaker 1: nine o'clock in the morning and captured all our horses,
• 2:34:16
  Speaker 1: nineteen in number, and secured our store of dried meats.
• 2:34:21
  Speaker 1: We also lost three Indians in this encounter. About the
• 2:34:25
  Speaker 1: middle of the afternoon of the same day, we attacked
• 2:34:28
  Speaker 1: them from the rear as they were passing through a prairie,
• 2:34:31
  Speaker 1: killed one soldier but lost none ourselves. In this skirmish.
• 2:34:36
  Speaker 1: We recovered all our horses except three that belonged to me.
• 2:34:40
  Speaker 1: The three horses that we did not recover were the
• 2:34:42
  Speaker 1: best riding horses we had. Soon after this, we made
• 2:34:46
  Speaker 1: a treaty with the Mexican troops. They told us that
• 2:34:49
  Speaker 1: the United States troops were the real cause of these
• 2:34:52
  Speaker 1: wars and agreed not to fight any more with us,
• 2:34:56
  Speaker 1: provided we would return to the United States. Agreed to
• 2:35:00
  Speaker 1: do and resumed our march, expecting to try to make
• 2:35:04
  Speaker 1: a treaty with the United States soldiers and return to Arizona.
• 2:35:09
  Speaker 1: There seemed to be no other course to pursue. Soon
• 2:35:13
  Speaker 1: after this, scouts from Captain Lawton's troops told us that
• 2:35:16
  Speaker 1: he wished to make a treaty with us. But I
• 2:35:19
  Speaker 1: knew that General Miles was the chief of the American troops,
• 2:35:23
  Speaker 1: and I decided to treat with him. We continued to
• 2:35:27
  Speaker 1: move our camp northward, and the American troops also moved northward,
• 2:35:31
  Speaker 1: keeping at no great distance from us, but not attacking us.
• 2:35:36
  Speaker 1: I sent my brother Porico white Horse with mister George
• 2:35:40
  Speaker 1: Rayton on to Fort Boyd to see General Miles and
• 2:35:44
  Speaker 1: to tell him that we wished to return to Arizona.
• 2:35:47
  Speaker 1: But before these messengers returned, I met two Indian scouts,
• 2:35:52
  Speaker 1: Cayeta a Chacona Apache and Martine and Nett Nay Apache.
• 2:35:57
  Speaker 1: They were serving as scouts for Captain Lawton's Truth. They
• 2:36:01
  Speaker 1: told me that General Miles had come and had sent
• 2:36:04
  Speaker 1: them to ask me to meet him. So I went
• 2:36:07
  Speaker 1: to the camp of the United States troops to meet
• 2:36:09
  Speaker 1: General Miles. When I arrived at their camp, I went
• 2:36:13
  Speaker 1: directly to General Miles and told him how I had
• 2:36:16
  Speaker 1: been wronged and that I wanted to return to the
• 2:36:20
  Speaker 1: United States with my people, as we wished to see
• 2:36:23
  Speaker 1: our families who had been captured and taken away from us.
• 2:36:27
  Speaker 1: General Miles said to me, the President of the United
• 2:36:31
  Speaker 1: States has sent me to speak to you. He has
• 2:36:33
  Speaker 1: heard of your trouble with the white men and says
• 2:36:36
  Speaker 1: that if you will agree to a few words of treaty,
• 2:36:40
  Speaker 1: we need have no more trouble. Geronimo. If you will
• 2:36:44
  Speaker 1: agree to a few words of treaty, all will be
• 2:36:47
  Speaker 1: satisfactorily arranged. So General Miles told me how we could
• 2:36:52
  Speaker 1: be brothers to each other. We raised our hands to
• 2:36:55
  Speaker 1: heaven and said that the treaty was not to be broken.
• 2:36:59
  Speaker 1: We took an oath not to do any wrong to
• 2:37:01
  Speaker 1: each other or to scheme against each other. Then he
• 2:37:05
  Speaker 1: talked with me for a long time and told me
• 2:37:08
  Speaker 1: what he would do for me in the future if
• 2:37:11
  Speaker 1: I would agree to the treaty. I did not greatly
• 2:37:14
  Speaker 1: believe General Miles, but because the President of the United
• 2:37:19
  Speaker 1: States had sent me word, I agreed to make the
• 2:37:22
  Speaker 1: treaty and to keep it. Then I asked General Miles
• 2:37:25
  Speaker 1: what the treaty would be. General Miles said to me,
• 2:37:30
  Speaker 1: I will take you under government protection. I will build
• 2:37:34
  Speaker 1: you a house. I will fetch you much land. I
• 2:37:38
  Speaker 1: will give you cattle, horses, mules, and farming implements. You
• 2:37:42
  Speaker 1: will be furnished with men to work the farm for you. Yourself
• 2:37:46
  Speaker 1: will not have to work in the fall. I will
• 2:37:49
  Speaker 1: send you blankets and clothing so that you will not
• 2:37:52
  Speaker 1: suffer from cold in the winter time. There is plenty
• 2:37:56
  Speaker 1: of timber, water and grass in the land to which
• 2:38:00
  Speaker 1: I will send you. You will live with your tribe
• 2:38:03
  Speaker 1: and with your family. If you agree to this treaty,
• 2:38:06
  Speaker 1: you shall see your family within five days. I said
• 2:38:10
  Speaker 1: to General Miles. All the officers that had been in
• 2:38:14
  Speaker 1: charge of the Indians have talked that way, and it
• 2:38:17
  Speaker 1: sounds like a story to me. I hardly believe you,
• 2:38:21
  Speaker 1: he said, This time it is the truth. I said,
• 2:38:26
  Speaker 1: General Miles, I do not know the laws of the
• 2:38:29
  Speaker 1: white Man, nor of this new country where you are
• 2:38:32
  Speaker 1: to send me, and I might break their laws. He said,
• 2:38:37
  Speaker 1: while I live, you will not be arrested. Then I
• 2:38:40
  Speaker 1: agreed to make the treaty. Since I have been a
• 2:38:44
  Speaker 1: prisoner of war, I have been arrested and placed in
• 2:38:48
  Speaker 1: the guard house twice for drinking whiskey. We stood between
• 2:38:53
  Speaker 1: his troopers and my warriors. We placed a large stone
• 2:38:57
  Speaker 1: on the blanket before us. Treaty was made by this stone,
• 2:39:02
  Speaker 1: and it was to last until the stone should crumble
• 2:39:05
  Speaker 1: to dust. So we made the treaty and bound each
• 2:39:09
  Speaker 1: other with an oath. I do not believe that I
• 2:39:13
  Speaker 1: have ever violated that treaty. But General Miles never fulfilled
• 2:39:17
  Speaker 1: his promises. When we made the treaty, General Miles said
• 2:39:22
  Speaker 1: to me, my brother, you have in your mind how
• 2:39:25
  Speaker 1: you are going to kill men and other thoughts of war.
• 2:39:29
  Speaker 1: I want you to put that out of your mind
• 2:39:33
  Speaker 1: and change your thoughts to peace. Then I agreed and
• 2:39:37
  Speaker 1: gave up my arms. I said, I will quit the
• 2:39:41
  Speaker 1: war path and live at peace hereafter. Then General Miles
• 2:39:46
  Speaker 1: swept a spot of ground clear with his hand and said,
• 2:39:51
  Speaker 1: your past deeds shall be wiped out like this, and
• 2:39:54
  Speaker 1: you will start a new life. Chapter eighteen, Surrender of Geronimo.
• 2:40:02
  Speaker 1: On February eleventh, eighteen eighty seven, the Senate passed the
• 2:40:06
  Speaker 1: following resolution resolved that the Secretary of War be directed
• 2:40:11
  Speaker 1: to communicate to the Senate all dispatches of General Miles
• 2:40:16
  Speaker 1: referring to the surrender of Geronimo, and all instructions given
• 2:40:20
  Speaker 1: two and correspondence with General Miles in reference to the same.
• 2:40:26
  Speaker 1: These papers are published in the Senate Executive Documents, Second Session,
• 2:40:31
  Speaker 1: forty ninth Congress, eighteen eighty six, eighteen eighty seven, Volume two,
• 2:40:37
  Speaker 1: numbers one hundred and eleven to one hundred twenty five.
• 2:40:41
  Speaker 1: For an exhaustive account of the conditions of Geronimo's surrender,
• 2:40:45
  Speaker 1: the reader is referred to that document, but this chapter
• 2:40:49
  Speaker 1: is given to show briefly the terms of surrender and corroborate,
• 2:40:54
  Speaker 1: at least in part, the statements made by Geronimo upon
• 2:40:59
  Speaker 1: a souit command of the Department of Arizona. General Nelson A.
• 2:41:04
  Speaker 1: Miles was directed by the War Department to use most
• 2:41:08
  Speaker 1: vigorous operations for the destruction or capture of the hostile Apaches.
• 2:41:14
  Speaker 1: The following extracts are from instructions issued April twentieth, eighteen
• 2:41:19
  Speaker 1: eighty six for the information and guidance of troops serving
• 2:41:23
  Speaker 1: in the southern portion of Arizona and New Mexico. The
• 2:41:28
  Speaker 1: chief object of the troops will be to capture or
• 2:41:31
  Speaker 1: destroy any band of hostile Apache Indians found in this
• 2:41:36
  Speaker 1: section of country, and to this end, the most vigorous
• 2:41:40
  Speaker 1: and persistent efforts will be required of all officers and
• 2:41:45
  Speaker 1: soldiers until the object is accomplished. A sufficient number of
• 2:41:50
  Speaker 1: reliable Indians will be used as auxiliaries to discover any
• 2:41:54
  Speaker 1: signs of hostile Indians, and as trailers to avoid any
• 2:41:59
  Speaker 1: ad vas advantage the Indians may have by a relay
• 2:42:02
  Speaker 1: of horses. Where a troop or squadron commander is near
• 2:42:06
  Speaker 1: the hostile Indians, he will be justified in dismounting one
• 2:42:10
  Speaker 1: half of his command and selecting the lightest and best
• 2:42:14
  Speaker 1: riders to make pursuit by the most vigorous forced marches
• 2:42:19
  Speaker 1: until the strength of all animals of his command shall
• 2:42:23
  Speaker 1: have been exhausted. The following telegrams show the efforts of
• 2:42:28
  Speaker 1: the United States troops and the cooperation of Mexican troops
• 2:42:33
  Speaker 1: under Governor Torres, Headquarters Division of the Pacific Presidio of
• 2:42:38
  Speaker 1: San Francisco, California, July twenty second, eighteen eighty six, Adjutant
• 2:42:44
  Speaker 1: General Washington, d C. The following telegram just received from
• 2:42:49
  Speaker 1: General Miles. Captain Lawton reports through Colonel Royal, commanding at
• 2:42:54
  Speaker 1: Fort Wachuca, that his camp surprised Geronimo's camp on Yogi River,
• 2:43:00
  Speaker 1: about one hundred thirty miles south and east of Compas Sonora,
• 2:43:04
  Speaker 1: or nearly three hundred miles south of Mexican boundary, capturing
• 2:43:09
  Speaker 1: all the Indian property, including hundreds of pounds of dried
• 2:43:13
  Speaker 1: meat and nineteen riding animals. This is the fifth time
• 2:43:18
  Speaker 1: within three months in which the Indians have been surprised
• 2:43:20
  Speaker 1: by the troops. While the results have not been decisive yet,
• 2:43:24
  Speaker 1: it has given encouragement to the troops and has reduced
• 2:43:28
  Speaker 1: the numbers and strength of the Indians and given them
• 2:43:31
  Speaker 1: a feeling of insecurity even in the remote and almost
• 2:43:35
  Speaker 1: inaccessible mountains of Old Mexico. In absence of Division Commander
• 2:43:41
  Speaker 1: see McKeever, Assistant Adjutant General and of Dispatch Another Dispatch
• 2:43:48
  Speaker 1: Headquarters Division of the Pacific Preciity of San Francisco, California,
• 2:43:52
  Speaker 1: August nineteenth, eighteen eighty six Adjutant General Washington, d C.
• 2:43:58
  Speaker 1: Following received from General Mondeles dated eighteenth, dispatches today from
• 2:44:03
  Speaker 1: Governor Torres dated Ermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, from Colonels Forsyth and Beaumont,
• 2:44:09
  Speaker 1: commanding Wachuca and Bowie Districts, confirms the following Geronimo with
• 2:44:15
  Speaker 1: forty Indians is endeavoring to make terms of peace with
• 2:44:18
  Speaker 1: Mexican authorities of Fronterra's district. One of our scouts, in
• 2:44:23
  Speaker 1: returning to Fort Wachuca from Lawton's command, met him, Niche
• 2:44:27
  Speaker 1: and thirteen other Indians on their way to Fronterras. Had
• 2:44:31
  Speaker 1: a long conversation with them. They said they wanted to
• 2:44:34
  Speaker 1: make peace and looked worn and hungry. Geronimo carried his
• 2:44:38
  Speaker 1: right arm in a sling bandaged. The splendid work of
• 2:44:42
  Speaker 1: the troops is evidently having good effect should hostiles not
• 2:44:47
  Speaker 1: surrender to the Mexican authorities. Lawton's command is south of
• 2:44:51
  Speaker 1: them and Wilder with G and M troops. Fourth cavalry
• 2:44:55
  Speaker 1: moved south to Fronterras and will be there by twentieth.
• 2:44:59
  Speaker 1: Lieutenant Lockett, with an effective command, will be in good
• 2:45:02
  Speaker 1: position tomorrow near Guadalupe Canyon in Cajon Bonito Mountains. On
• 2:45:07
  Speaker 1: the eleventh, I had a very satisfactory interview with Governor Torres.
• 2:45:12
  Speaker 1: The Mexican officials are acting in concert with ours. O. O. Howard,
• 2:45:17
  Speaker 1: Major General. End of despatch. General O. O. Howard telegraphed
• 2:45:23
  Speaker 1: from Presidio San Francisco, California, September twenty fourth, eighteen eighty six.
• 2:45:28
  Speaker 1: As follows. The sixth of September, General Miles reports, the
• 2:45:32
  Speaker 1: hostile apaches made overtures of surrender through Lieutenant Gatewood to
• 2:45:37
  Speaker 1: Captain Lawton. They desired certain terms and sent two messengers
• 2:45:41
  Speaker 1: to Me Miles. They were informed that they must surrender
• 2:45:46
  Speaker 1: as prisoners of war to troops in the field. They
• 2:45:50
  Speaker 1: promised to surrender to me in person, and for eleven
• 2:45:54
  Speaker 1: days Captain Lawton's command moved north Geronimo and Nichi, moving
• 2:45:59
  Speaker 1: parallel and frequently camping near it. At Skeleton Canyon. They halted,
• 2:46:04
  Speaker 1: saying that they desired to see Me Miles before surrendering.
• 2:46:09
  Speaker 1: End of telegram after myles arrival, he reports as follows.
• 2:46:15
  Speaker 1: Geronimo came from his mountain camp amid the rocks and
• 2:46:19
  Speaker 1: said he was willing to surrender. He was told that
• 2:46:22
  Speaker 1: they could surrender as prisoners of war, that it was
• 2:46:26
  Speaker 1: not the way of officers of the army to kill
• 2:46:28
  Speaker 1: their enemies who laid down their arms. Knichi was wild
• 2:46:32
  Speaker 1: and suspicious, and evidently feared treachery. He knew that the
• 2:46:36
  Speaker 1: once noted leader Mangus Colorado had years ago been foully
• 2:46:41
  Speaker 1: murdered after he had surrendered, and the last hereditary chief
• 2:46:45
  Speaker 1: of the hostile apaches hesitated to place himself in the
• 2:46:48
  Speaker 1: hands of the palefaces. Continuing his report, General Howard says
• 2:46:54
  Speaker 1: I believed at first from official reports that the surrender
• 2:46:57
  Speaker 1: was unconditional, except that the troops themselves would not kill
• 2:47:01
  Speaker 1: the hostiles. Now, from General Miles's dispatches and from his
• 2:47:06
  Speaker 1: annual report, forwarded on the twenty first instant by mail,
• 2:47:10
  Speaker 1: the conditions are plain. First that the lives of all
• 2:47:15
  Speaker 1: the Indians should be spared. Second, that they should be
• 2:47:18
  Speaker 1: sent to Fort Marion, Florida, where their tribe, including their families,
• 2:47:22
  Speaker 1: had already been ordered. D. S. Stanley, Brigadier General, Telegraphs
• 2:47:29
  Speaker 1: from San Antonio, Texas, October twenty second, eighteen eighty six.
• 2:47:34
  Speaker 1: As follows, Geronimo and Nigie requested an interview with me
• 2:47:38
  Speaker 1: when they first ascertained that they were to leave here,
• 2:47:42
  Speaker 1: and in talking to them, I told them the exact
• 2:47:45
  Speaker 1: disposition that was to be made of them. They regarded
• 2:47:49
  Speaker 1: the separation of themselves from their families as a violation
• 2:47:53
  Speaker 1: of the terms of their treaty of surrender, by which
• 2:47:56
  Speaker 1: they had been guaranteed in the most positive manner, conceivable
• 2:48:00
  Speaker 1: to their minds that they should be united with their
• 2:48:03
  Speaker 1: families at Fort Marion. They were present at the talk
• 2:48:06
  Speaker 1: they had with me. Major J. P. Wright, Surgeon, United
• 2:48:10
  Speaker 1: States Army, Captain J. G. Ballance, Acting Judge Advocate, United
• 2:48:15
  Speaker 1: States Army, George Rayton, the interpreter knightche and Geronimo. The
• 2:48:21
  Speaker 1: Indians were separated from their families at this place. The women,
• 2:48:25
  Speaker 1: children and the two Scouts were placed in a separate
• 2:48:28
  Speaker 1: car before they left. In an interview with me, they
• 2:48:31
  Speaker 1: stated the following incident, which they regard as an essential
• 2:48:35
  Speaker 1: part of their treaty of surrender, and which took place
• 2:48:38
  Speaker 1: at Skeleton Canyon, before they had as a band made
• 2:48:42
  Speaker 1: up their minds to surrender, and before any of them,
• 2:48:46
  Speaker 1: except perhaps Geronimo, had given up their arms, and when
• 2:48:50
  Speaker 1: they were still fully able to escape and defend themselves,
• 2:48:55
  Speaker 1: General Miles said to them, you go with me to
• 2:48:58
  Speaker 1: Fort Bowie, and at a time you will go to
• 2:49:01
  Speaker 1: see your relatives in Florida. After they went to Fort Boie,
• 2:49:05
  Speaker 1: he reassured them that they would see their relatives in
• 2:49:08
  Speaker 1: Florida in four and a half or five days. While
• 2:49:12
  Speaker 1: at Skeleton Canyon, General Miles said to them, I have
• 2:49:16
  Speaker 1: come to have a talk with you. The conversation was
• 2:49:19
  Speaker 1: interpreted from English into Spanish and from Spanish into Apache
• 2:49:24
  Speaker 1: and vice versa. The interpreting from English into Spanish was
• 2:49:28
  Speaker 1: done by a man by the name of Nelson. The
• 2:49:31
  Speaker 1: interpreting from Spanish into Apache was done by Jose Maria Yasques.
• 2:49:36
  Speaker 1: Jose Maria Montoya was also present, but he did not
• 2:49:40
  Speaker 1: do any of the interpreting. Doctor Wood, United States Army
• 2:49:45
  Speaker 1: and Lieutenant Clay tenth Infantry were present. General Miles drew
• 2:49:50
  Speaker 1: a line on the ground and said this represents the ocean,
• 2:49:54
  Speaker 1: and putting a small rock beside the line, he said,
• 2:49:58
  Speaker 1: this represents the place which Chihuahua is with his band.
• 2:50:02
  Speaker 1: He then picked up another stone and placed it a
• 2:50:05
  Speaker 1: short distance from the first, and said, this represents you Geronimo.
• 2:50:11
  Speaker 1: He then picked up a third stone and placed it
• 2:50:13
  Speaker 1: a little distance from the others, and said, this represents
• 2:50:17
  Speaker 1: the Indians at Camp Apache. The President wants to take
• 2:50:21
  Speaker 1: you and put you with Chihuahua. He then picked up
• 2:50:24
  Speaker 1: the stone which represented Geronimo and his band and put
• 2:50:28
  Speaker 1: it beside the one which represented Chihuahua at Fort Marion.
• 2:50:32
  Speaker 1: After doing this, he picked up the stone which represented
• 2:50:36
  Speaker 1: the Indians at Camp Apache and placed it beside the
• 2:50:39
  Speaker 1: other two stones which represented Geronimo and Chihuahua at Fort Marion,
• 2:50:45
  Speaker 1: and said, that is what the President wants to do,
• 2:50:48
  Speaker 1: get all of you together. After their arrival at Fort Boy,
• 2:50:53
  Speaker 1: General Miles said to them, from now on, we want
• 2:50:56
  Speaker 1: to begin a new life. And holding up one of
• 2:50:59
  Speaker 1: his hands with the palm open and horizontal, he marked
• 2:51:03
  Speaker 1: lines across it with the finger of the other hand
• 2:51:07
  Speaker 1: and said, pointing to his open palm, this represents the past.
• 2:51:12
  Speaker 1: It is all covered with hollows and ridges. Then, rubbing
• 2:51:16
  Speaker 1: his other palm over it, he said that represents the
• 2:51:20
  Speaker 1: wiping out of the past, which will be considered smooth
• 2:51:23
  Speaker 1: and forgotten. The interpreter Rayton says that he was present
• 2:51:27
  Speaker 1: and heard this conversation. The Indians say that Captain Thompson,
• 2:51:32
  Speaker 1: fourth Cavalry was also present. Knights. She said that Captain Thompson,
• 2:51:36
  Speaker 1: who was the acting Assistant Adjutant General Department of Arizona,
• 2:51:41
  Speaker 1: told him at his house in Fort Bowie, don't be afraid,
• 2:51:45
  Speaker 1: no harm shall come to you. You will go to
• 2:51:47
  Speaker 1: your friends, all right. He also told them that Fort
• 2:51:51
  Speaker 1: Marion is not a very large place and is not
• 2:51:53
  Speaker 1: probably large enough for all, and that probably in six
• 2:51:57
  Speaker 1: months or so you will be put in a larger
• 2:51:59
  Speaker 1: place where you can do better. He told them the
• 2:52:03
  Speaker 1: same thing when they took their departure in the cars
• 2:52:05
  Speaker 1: from Fort Bowie. The idea that they had of the
• 2:52:09
  Speaker 1: treaty of surrender given in this letter is forwarded at
• 2:52:12
  Speaker 1: their desire, and while not desiring to comment on the matter,
• 2:52:16
  Speaker 1: I feel compelled to say that my knowledge of the
• 2:52:19
  Speaker 1: Indian character, and the experience I have had with Indians
• 2:52:23
  Speaker 1: of all kinds, and the corroborating circumstances and facts that
• 2:52:27
  Speaker 1: have been brought to my notice in this particular case,
• 2:52:30
  Speaker 1: convince me that the foregoing statement of Nige and Geronimo
• 2:52:34
  Speaker 1: is substantially correct. Extract from the Annual Report eighteen eighty
• 2:52:41
  Speaker 1: six of the Division of the Pacific, commanded by Major
• 2:52:45
  Speaker 1: General O. O. Howard U. S. Army, Headquarters, Division of
• 2:52:50
  Speaker 1: the Pacific, Presidio of San Francisco, California, September seventeenth, eighteen
• 2:52:55
  Speaker 1: eighty six. Adjutant General U. S. Army, Washington, d C. General,
• 2:53:02
  Speaker 1: I have the honor to submit the following report upon
• 2:53:05
  Speaker 1: military operations and conditions of the Division of the Pacific,
• 2:53:09
  Speaker 1: for the information of the Lieutenant General and to make
• 2:53:13
  Speaker 1: some suggestions for his consideration. On the seventeenth of May
• 2:53:17
  Speaker 1: eighteen eighty five, a party of about fifty of the
• 2:53:20
  Speaker 1: Chirakawa prisoners, headed by Geronimo Knigi and other chiefs, escaped
• 2:53:26
  Speaker 1: from the White Mountain Reserve in Arizona and entered upon
• 2:53:30
  Speaker 1: a career of murder and robbery unparalleled in the history
• 2:53:34
  Speaker 1: of Indian raids. Since then, and up to the time
• 2:53:38
  Speaker 1: of my assuming command of this division, they had been
• 2:53:41
  Speaker 1: pursued by troops with varying success. After the assassination of
• 2:53:46
  Speaker 1: Captain Crawford on January eleventh by the Mexicans. The hostiles
• 2:53:52
  Speaker 1: asked for a quote's talk and finally had a conference
• 2:53:56
  Speaker 1: on March twenty fifth, twenty sixth, and twenty seventh with
• 2:54:00
  Speaker 1: General Crook and the Canyon of Los Embudos, twenty five
• 2:54:04
  Speaker 1: miles south of San Bernardino, Mexico, on which date it
• 2:54:08
  Speaker 1: was arranged that they should be conducted by Lieutenant Manus
• 2:54:12
  Speaker 1: with his battalion of Scouts to Fort Bowie, Arizona. The
• 2:54:17
  Speaker 1: march commenced on the morning of March twenty eighth and
• 2:54:21
  Speaker 1: proceeded until the night of the twenty ninth, when, becoming
• 2:54:24
  Speaker 1: excited with fears of possible punishment, Geronimo and Niche, with
• 2:54:29
  Speaker 1: twenty men, fourteen women, and two boys, stampeded to the hills.
• 2:54:34
  Speaker 1: Lieutenant Manus immediately pursued, but without success. Simultaneously, with my
• 2:54:41
  Speaker 1: taking command of the division, Brigadier General Crook was relieved
• 2:54:45
  Speaker 1: by Brigadier General Miles, who at once set out to
• 2:54:48
  Speaker 1: complete the task commenced by his predecessor. Geronimo and his
• 2:54:53
  Speaker 1: band were committing depredations, now in the United States and
• 2:54:57
  Speaker 1: now in Mexico, and being separated into small parties easily
• 2:55:02
  Speaker 1: eluded the troops and carried on their work of murder
• 2:55:05
  Speaker 1: and outrage. Early in May, General Miles organized the hostile
• 2:55:10
  Speaker 1: field of operations into districts, each with its command of troops,
• 2:55:15
  Speaker 1: with specific instructions to guard the water holes, to cover
• 2:55:19
  Speaker 1: the entire ground by scouting parties, and give the hostiles
• 2:55:24
  Speaker 1: no rest. An effective command under Captain Lawton, fourth Cavalry
• 2:55:29
  Speaker 1: was organized for a long pursuit. On May third, Captain
• 2:55:33
  Speaker 1: label tenth Cavalry had a fight with Geronimo's band twelve
• 2:55:37
  Speaker 1: miles southwest of Santa Cruz in Mexico, with a loss
• 2:55:41
  Speaker 1: of one soldier killed and one wounded. After this fight,
• 2:55:45
  Speaker 1: the Indians retreated southward, followed by three troops of cavalry.
• 2:55:50
  Speaker 1: On May twelfth, a serious fight of Mexican troops with
• 2:55:53
  Speaker 1: the hostiles near Plancho's, Mexico resulted in a partial defeat
• 2:55:58
  Speaker 1: of the Mexicans. On May fifteenth, Captain Hatfield's command engaged
• 2:56:03
  Speaker 1: Geronimo's band in the Corona Mountains, suffering a loss of
• 2:56:06
  Speaker 1: two killed and three wounded and the loss of several
• 2:56:09
  Speaker 1: horses and mules, the Indians losing several killed. On May sixteenth,
• 2:56:15
  Speaker 1: Lieutenant Brown, fourth Cavalry struck the hostiles near Buena Vista, Mexico,
• 2:56:21
  Speaker 1: capturing several horses, rifles, and a quantity of ammunition. The
• 2:56:25
  Speaker 1: usual series of outrages with fatiguing chase by troops continued
• 2:56:30
  Speaker 1: until June twenty first, when the Mexicans engaged the hostiles
• 2:56:34
  Speaker 1: about forty miles southeast of Magdalena, Mexico, and after a
• 2:56:39
  Speaker 1: stubborn fight, repulsed them. About the middle of August, Geronimo
• 2:56:44
  Speaker 1: and his band were so reduced and harassed by the
• 2:56:47
  Speaker 1: tireless pursuit of the soldiers that they made offer of
• 2:56:51
  Speaker 1: surrender to the Mexicans, but without coming to terms. Their locality,
• 2:56:57
  Speaker 1: thus being definitely known, disposition of the troops was rapidly
• 2:57:01
  Speaker 1: made to act in conjunction with the Mexicans to intercept
• 2:57:04
  Speaker 1: Geronimo and force his surrender. On August twenty fifth, Geronimo,
• 2:57:10
  Speaker 1: when near Fronteras, Mexico, recognizing that he was pretty well
• 2:57:14
  Speaker 1: surrounded and being out of ammunition and food, made overtures
• 2:57:19
  Speaker 1: of capitulation through Lieutenant Gatewood, sixth Cavalry to Captain Lawton.
• 2:57:24
  Speaker 1: He desired certain terms, but was informed that a surrender
• 2:57:28
  Speaker 1: as prisoner of war was all that would be accepted.
• 2:57:33
  Speaker 1: The Indians then proceeded to the vicinity of Captain Lawton's
• 2:57:36
  Speaker 1: command near Skeleton Canyon, and sent word that they wished
• 2:57:40
  Speaker 1: to see General Miles. On September third, General Miles arrived
• 2:57:44
  Speaker 1: at Lawton's camp, and on September fourth, Knichi, the son
• 2:57:48
  Speaker 1: of Cochise and the hereditary chief of the Apaches, with Geronimo,
• 2:57:53
  Speaker 1: surrendered all the hostiles, with the understanding it seems that
• 2:57:58
  Speaker 1: they should be sent out of Arizona. I am not
• 2:58:01
  Speaker 1: informed of the exact nature of this surrender at first
• 2:58:04
  Speaker 1: deemed unconditional. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant. O. O. Howard,
• 2:58:11
  Speaker 1: Major General, United States Army, and of report statement of W. T.
• 2:58:18
  Speaker 1: Melton and Darko, Oklahoma. From eighteen eighty two to eighteen
• 2:58:24
  Speaker 1: eighty seven I lived in southern Arizona and was employed
• 2:58:27
  Speaker 1: by the San Simone Cattle Company. In eighteen eighty six,
• 2:58:31
  Speaker 1: I was stationed in Skeleton Canyon, about ten miles north
• 2:58:34
  Speaker 1: of the boundary line between Arizona and Old Mexico with J. D. Pruitt.
• 2:58:39
  Speaker 1: It was our duty to ride the line south of
• 2:58:42
  Speaker 1: our range and keep the cattle of the company from
• 2:58:45
  Speaker 1: straying into Old Mexico. One afternoon, when returning from our ride,
• 2:58:50
  Speaker 1: we discovered an Indian trail leading toward our camp. We
• 2:58:54
  Speaker 1: rode hurriedly out of the hills into a broad valley
• 2:58:57
  Speaker 1: so that we could better discover any attacking parties of Apaches, and,
• 2:59:02
  Speaker 1: if assailed, have at least a fighting chance for our lives.
• 2:59:06
  Speaker 1: We knew the Apaches under Geronimo were on the war path,
• 2:59:09
  Speaker 1: but they were far down in Old Mexico. However, our
• 2:59:13
  Speaker 1: knowledge of the Indians led us to expect anything at
• 2:59:16
  Speaker 1: any time, to always be ready for the worst. When
• 2:59:20
  Speaker 1: we reached the valley, we struck a cavalry trail also
• 2:59:24
  Speaker 1: headed for our camp. This was perplexing, for neither the
• 2:59:28
  Speaker 1: Indians nor the soldiers seemed to have been riding fast,
• 2:59:32
  Speaker 1: and both trails led toward our camp in Skeleton Canyon.
• 2:59:36
  Speaker 1: This canyon was a natural route from Old Mexico to Arizona,
• 2:59:40
  Speaker 1: and almost all bands of Indians, as well as detachments
• 2:59:44
  Speaker 1: of United States troops passed and repassed through this valley
• 2:59:48
  Speaker 1: when going to Old Mexico or returning therefrom but never
• 2:59:53
  Speaker 1: before had two hostile bands passed through here at the
• 2:59:56
  Speaker 1: same time and traveling in the same direction, except when
• 3:00:00
  Speaker 1: one fled and the other pursued. What this could mean
• 3:00:04
  Speaker 1: was a mystery to us. Could it be that the
• 3:00:07
  Speaker 1: troops had not seen the Indians? Were the Redskins trying
• 3:00:11
  Speaker 1: to head the troops off and attack them in their camp?
• 3:00:14
  Speaker 1: Were the troops hunting for those Indians? Could this be
• 3:00:17
  Speaker 1: Lawton's command? Could that be Geronimo's band? No, it was impossible.
• 3:00:24
  Speaker 1: Then Who were these troops and what Indians were those?
• 3:00:28
  Speaker 1: Cautiously we rode to our camp and nailed on the
• 3:00:31
  Speaker 1: door of our cabin. Was this notice be careful? Geronimo
• 3:00:35
  Speaker 1: is nearby and has not yet surrendered Captain Lawton. Then
• 3:00:40
  Speaker 1: we understood a short distance above our cabin we found
• 3:00:44
  Speaker 1: the camp of the troops, and we had just finished
• 3:00:47
  Speaker 1: talking with Captain Lawton, who advised us to remain in
• 3:00:50
  Speaker 1: his camp rather than risk stain alone in our cabin,
• 3:00:54
  Speaker 1: when up rode the Chief Geronimo. He was mounted on
• 3:00:57
  Speaker 1: a blaze faced, white stalking dun horse. He came directly
• 3:01:02
  Speaker 1: to Captain Lawton, and through an interpreter, asked who we
• 3:01:06
  Speaker 1: were and what we wanted. As soon as the explanation
• 3:01:09
  Speaker 1: was given, he nodded his approval and rode away. Pruitt
• 3:01:13
  Speaker 1: and I rode away with him. We were well armed
• 3:01:17
  Speaker 1: and well mounted, and Geronimo was well mounted, but so
• 3:01:20
  Speaker 1: far as we could see, unarmed. I tried to talk
• 3:01:24
  Speaker 1: with the chief in English, but could not make him understand.
• 3:01:28
  Speaker 1: Prwitt wanted to shoot him, and said he could easily
• 3:01:31
  Speaker 1: kill him the first shot, but I objected and succeeded
• 3:01:35
  Speaker 1: in restraining him. While we were arguing, the Chief rode
• 3:01:39
  Speaker 1: silently between us, evidently feeling perfectly secure. All this time
• 3:01:44
  Speaker 1: we had been riding in the direction of our horses
• 3:01:46
  Speaker 1: that were grazing in the valley about a mile distant
• 3:01:49
  Speaker 1: from our corral. When we came to a place about
• 3:01:51
  Speaker 1: a half mile from Lawton's camp, where a spur of
• 3:01:55
  Speaker 1: the mountain ran far out into the valley. Geronimo turned aside, saluted,
• 3:02:00
  Speaker 1: said in fairly good Spanish, Ario senoris, and began to
• 3:02:04
  Speaker 1: ascend a mountain path. Later we learned that he was
• 3:02:08
  Speaker 1: going directly toward his camp, far up among the rocks.
• 3:02:11
  Speaker 1: We rode on, drove our horses back to the corral,
• 3:02:15
  Speaker 1: and remained in our cabin all night, but were not
• 3:02:18
  Speaker 1: molested by the Indians. The next day we killed three
• 3:02:21
  Speaker 1: beaves for the Indians, and they were paid for by
• 3:02:24
  Speaker 1: Captain Lawton. On the second day, two mounted Mexican scouts
• 3:02:28
  Speaker 1: came to Lawton's camp. As soon as these Mexicans came
• 3:02:32
  Speaker 1: in sight, the Indians seized their arms and vanished as
• 3:02:35
  Speaker 1: it were among the rocks. Captain Lawton wrote an account
• 3:02:39
  Speaker 1: of conditions and delivered it to the Mexicans, who withdrew.
• 3:02:43
  Speaker 1: After they had gone and their mission had been explained
• 3:02:46
  Speaker 1: to Geronimo, the Indians again returned to their camp and
• 3:02:49
  Speaker 1: laid down their arms. On the next day, Wood reached
• 3:02:53
  Speaker 1: camp that General Miles was approaching, and the Indians again
• 3:02:57
  Speaker 1: armed and disappeared among the rocks. Many of the Apache
• 3:03:01
  Speaker 1: squaws had field glasses and were stationed every day on
• 3:03:05
  Speaker 1: prominent mountain peaks to keep a lookout. No one could
• 3:03:08
  Speaker 1: approach their camp or Lawton's camp without being discovered by
• 3:03:12
  Speaker 1: these spies. Soon after General Miles joined Lawton's command, Geronimo
• 3:03:18
  Speaker 1: rode into camp, unarmed and dismounting. Approached General Miles, shook
• 3:03:23
  Speaker 1: hands with him, and then stood proudly before the officers
• 3:03:27
  Speaker 1: waiting for General Miles to begin conversation with him. The
• 3:03:31
  Speaker 1: interpreter said to Geronimo, General Miles, is your friend. Geronimo said,
• 3:03:36
  Speaker 1: I never saw him, but I have been in need
• 3:03:39
  Speaker 1: of friends. Why has he not been with me? When
• 3:03:43
  Speaker 1: this answer was interpreted, everybody laughed. After this, there was
• 3:03:47
  Speaker 1: no more formality, and without delay, the discussion of the
• 3:03:50
  Speaker 1: treaty was begun. All I remembered distinctly of the treaty
• 3:03:54
  Speaker 1: is that Geronimo and his band were not to be killed,
• 3:03:57
  Speaker 1: but they were to be taken to their family. I
• 3:04:01
  Speaker 1: remember this more distinctly because the Indians were so much
• 3:04:04
  Speaker 1: pleased with this particular one of the terms of the treaty. Geronimo,
• 3:04:09
  Speaker 1: Knigi and a few others went on ahead with General Miles,
• 3:04:13
  Speaker 1: but the main band of Indians left under the escort
• 3:04:16
  Speaker 1: of Lawton's troops. The night before they left, a young squaw,
• 3:04:20
  Speaker 1: daughter in law of Geronimo, gave birth to a child.
• 3:04:24
  Speaker 1: The next morning, the husband Geronimo's son carried the child,
• 3:04:28
  Speaker 1: but the mother mounted her pony unaided and rode away
• 3:04:31
  Speaker 1: unassisted a prisoner of war under military escort. On the
• 3:04:36
  Speaker 1: afternoon of the day of the treaty, Captain Lawton built
• 3:04:40
  Speaker 1: a monument about ten feet across and six feet high
• 3:04:44
  Speaker 1: of rough stones on the spot where the treaty was made.
• 3:04:48
  Speaker 1: The next year, some cowboys on a round up camped
• 3:04:50
  Speaker 1: at the place and tore down the monument to see
• 3:04:53
  Speaker 1: what was in it. All they found was a bottle
• 3:04:56
  Speaker 1: containing a piece of paper upon which was written the
• 3:04:59
  Speaker 1: names of the officers who were with Lawton. After the
• 3:05:03
  Speaker 1: Indians left, we found one hundred and fifty dollars and
• 3:05:07
  Speaker 1: twenty five cents in Mexican money hidden in a rat's
• 3:05:11
  Speaker 1: nest near where the Indians had camped. About ten o'clock
• 3:05:15
  Speaker 1: in the morning, after the Apaches and soldiers had gone away,
• 3:05:19
  Speaker 1: twenty Pimos Indians, accompanied by one white man, surrounded our
• 3:05:24
  Speaker 1: camp and demanded to know of Geronimo's whereabouts. We told
• 3:05:28
  Speaker 1: them of the treaty, and they followed the trail on
• 3:05:30
  Speaker 1: toward Fort Bowie. That afternoon, thinking all danger from Apaches past,
• 3:05:36
  Speaker 1: my partner Pruett, went to ride the lines and I
• 3:05:39
  Speaker 1: was left in camp alone. I was pumping water by
• 3:05:43
  Speaker 1: horse power at the well when I saw three Indians
• 3:05:46
  Speaker 1: rounding up our horses about half a mile away. They
• 3:05:50
  Speaker 1: saw me, but did not disturb me, nor did I
• 3:05:53
  Speaker 1: interfere with them. But as soon as they had driven
• 3:05:56
  Speaker 1: that bunch of horses northward over the hills out of sight,
• 3:06:00
  Speaker 1: I rode quickly off in another direction and drove another
• 3:06:03
  Speaker 1: bunch of horses into the corral. The rest of the
• 3:06:06
  Speaker 1: afternoon I stayed in camp, but saw no more Indians.
• 3:06:11
  Speaker 1: The next day we rode over the hill in the
• 3:06:13
  Speaker 1: direction these Indians had gone, and found that they had
• 3:06:16
  Speaker 1: camped not three miles away. There were evidently several in
• 3:06:20
  Speaker 1: the party, and they had kept scouts concealed near the
• 3:06:24
  Speaker 1: top of the hill to watch me and to shoot
• 3:06:27
  Speaker 1: me from ambush had I followed them. This we knew
• 3:06:31
  Speaker 1: because we saw behind some rocks at the crest of
• 3:06:33
  Speaker 1: the hill, in the loose soil, the imprints left by
• 3:06:36
  Speaker 1: the bodies of three warriors, where they had been lying
• 3:06:39
  Speaker 1: down in concealment. At their camp. We found the head
• 3:06:43
  Speaker 1: and hoofs of my favorite horse, Digger, a fine little
• 3:06:47
  Speaker 1: sorrel pony, and knew that he had served them for dinner.
• 3:06:52
  Speaker 1: We followed their trail far into Old Mexico, but did
• 3:06:55
  Speaker 1: not overtake them. We had been accustomed to say. It
• 3:06:58
  Speaker 1: was Geronimo's bank and whenever any depredation was committed. But
• 3:07:03
  Speaker 1: this time we were not so positive. Note by S. M. Barrett.
• 3:07:11
  Speaker 1: We do not wish to express our own opinion, but
• 3:07:14
  Speaker 1: to ask the reader whether, after having had the testimony
• 3:07:17
  Speaker 1: of Apaches, soldiers and civilians who knew the conditions of surrender,
• 3:07:23
  Speaker 1: and after having examined carefully the testimony offered, it would
• 3:07:27
  Speaker 1: be possible to conclude that Geronimo made an unconditional surrender.
• 3:07:33
  Speaker 1: Before passing from this subject, it would be well to
• 3:07:36
  Speaker 1: consider whether our government has treated these prisoners in strict
• 3:07:40
  Speaker 1: accordance with the terms of the treaty made in Skeleton
• 3:07:44
  Speaker 1: Canyon and of Section seven, Section eight, The White Men,
• 3:07:50
  Speaker 1: Part four and the Old and the New Part one,
• 3:07:55
  Speaker 1: Chapter nineteen. A prisoner of war. When I had given
• 3:08:00
  Speaker 1: up to the government, they put me on the Southern
• 3:08:02
  Speaker 1: Pacific Railroad and took me to San Antonio, Texas, and
• 3:08:07
  Speaker 1: held me to be tried by their laws. In forty days.
• 3:08:11
  Speaker 1: They took me from there to Fort Pickens, Pensacola, Florida.
• 3:08:15
  Speaker 1: Here they put me to sign up large logs. There
• 3:08:18
  Speaker 1: were several other Apache warriors with me, and all of
• 3:08:22
  Speaker 1: us had to work every day for nearly two years.
• 3:08:25
  Speaker 1: We were kept at hard labor in this place, and
• 3:08:28
  Speaker 1: we did not see our families until May eighteen eighty seven.
• 3:08:33
  Speaker 1: This treatment was in direct violation of our treaty made
• 3:08:37
  Speaker 1: at Skeleton Canyon. After this, we were sent with our
• 3:08:41
  Speaker 1: families to Vermont, Alabama, where we stayed five years and
• 3:08:46
  Speaker 1: worked for the government. We had no property, and I
• 3:08:50
  Speaker 1: looked in vain for General Miles to send me to
• 3:08:53
  Speaker 1: that land of which he had spoken. I longed in
• 3:08:56
  Speaker 1: vain for the implements, house and stock that Miles had
• 3:09:00
  Speaker 1: promised me. During this time, one of my warriors fun
• 3:09:05
  Speaker 1: killed himself and his wife. Another one shot his wife
• 3:09:09
  Speaker 1: and then shot himself. He fell dead, but the woman
• 3:09:13
  Speaker 1: recovered and is still living. We were not healthy in
• 3:09:16
  Speaker 1: this place, for the climate disagreed with us. So many
• 3:09:20
  Speaker 1: of our people died that I consented to let one
• 3:09:23
  Speaker 1: of my wives go to the Mescalero Agency in New
• 3:09:26
  Speaker 1: Mexico to live. This separation is, according to our custom,
• 3:09:30
  Speaker 1: equivalent to what the white people called divorce, and so
• 3:09:33
  Speaker 1: she married again soon after she got to Mescalero. She
• 3:09:37
  Speaker 1: also kept our two small children, which she had a
• 3:09:40
  Speaker 1: right to do. The children Lena and Robi are still
• 3:09:43
  Speaker 1: living at Mescalero, New Mexico. Lena is married. I kept
• 3:09:48
  Speaker 1: one wife, but she is dead now and I have
• 3:09:51
  Speaker 1: only our daughter Eva with me since my separation from
• 3:09:55
  Speaker 1: Lena's mother, I have never had more than one wife
• 3:09:58
  Speaker 1: at a time Since the da of Eva's mother, I
• 3:10:01
  Speaker 1: married another woman December nineteen o five, but we could
• 3:10:05
  Speaker 1: not live happily and separated. She went home to her people.
• 3:10:10
  Speaker 1: That is an Apache divorce. Then as now, mister George
• 3:10:14
  Speaker 1: Rayton superintended the Indians. He has always had trouble with
• 3:10:18
  Speaker 1: the Indians because he has mistreated them. One day, an Indian,
• 3:10:23
  Speaker 1: while drunk, stabbed mister Rayton with a little knife. The
• 3:10:27
  Speaker 1: officer in charge took the part of mister Rayton and
• 3:10:30
  Speaker 1: the Indian was sent to prison. When we first came
• 3:10:33
  Speaker 1: to Fort Sill in October eighteen ninety four, Captain Scott
• 3:10:38
  Speaker 1: was in charge and he had houses built for us
• 3:10:40
  Speaker 1: by the government. We were also given from the government cattle, hogs,
• 3:10:46
  Speaker 1: turkeys and chickens. The Indians did not do much good
• 3:10:49
  Speaker 1: with the hogs because they did not understand how to
• 3:10:52
  Speaker 1: care for them, and not many Indians, even at the
• 3:10:55
  Speaker 1: present time keep hogs. We did better with the turkeys
• 3:10:59
  Speaker 1: and chickens, but with these we did not have as
• 3:11:02
  Speaker 1: good luck as white men do. With the cattle, we
• 3:11:05
  Speaker 1: have done very well, indeed, and we like to raise them.
• 3:11:09
  Speaker 1: We have a few horses also and have had no
• 3:11:12
  Speaker 1: bad luck with them. In the matter of selling our
• 3:11:15
  Speaker 1: stock and grain, there has been much misunderstanding. The Indians
• 3:11:20
  Speaker 1: understood that the cattle were to be sold and the
• 3:11:23
  Speaker 1: money given to them, But instead part of the money
• 3:11:26
  Speaker 1: is given to the Indians, and part of it is
• 3:11:29
  Speaker 1: placed in what the officers call the APACHE fund. We
• 3:11:34
  Speaker 1: have had five different officers in charge of the Indians here,
• 3:11:38
  Speaker 1: and they have all ruled very much alike, not consulting
• 3:11:42
  Speaker 1: the Apaches or even explaining to them. It may be
• 3:11:45
  Speaker 1: that the government ordered the officers in charge to put
• 3:11:48
  Speaker 1: this cattle money into an APACHE fund. For once, I
• 3:11:52
  Speaker 1: complained and told Lieutenant Purrington that I intended to report
• 3:11:57
  Speaker 1: to the government that he had taken some of my
• 3:12:00
  Speaker 1: part of the cattle money and put it into the
• 3:12:03
  Speaker 1: APACHE fund. He said he did not care if I
• 3:12:06
  Speaker 1: did tell. Several years ago, the issue of clothing ceased.
• 3:12:11
  Speaker 1: This too, may have been by the order of the government.
• 3:12:14
  Speaker 1: But the Apaches do not understand it. If there is
• 3:12:18
  Speaker 1: an Apache fund, it should some day be turned over
• 3:12:21
  Speaker 1: to the Indians, or at least they should have an
• 3:12:24
  Speaker 1: account of it, for it is their earnings. When General
• 3:12:28
  Speaker 1: Miles last visited Fort Sill, I asked to be relieved
• 3:12:32
  Speaker 1: from labor on account of my age. I also remembered
• 3:12:36
  Speaker 1: what General Miles had promised me in the treaty and
• 3:12:39
  Speaker 1: told him of it. He said, I need not work
• 3:12:42
  Speaker 1: any more except when I wished to, and since that
• 3:12:45
  Speaker 1: time I have not been detailed to do any work.
• 3:12:49
  Speaker 1: I have worked a great deal, however, since then, for
• 3:12:52
  Speaker 1: although I am old, I like to work and help
• 3:12:55
  Speaker 1: my people as much as I am able. The Old
• 3:13:00
  Speaker 1: and the New Part one, Chapter twenty, Unwritten Laws of
• 3:13:05
  Speaker 1: the Apaches Trials. When an Indian has been wronged by
• 3:13:10
  Speaker 1: member of his tribe, he may, if he does not
• 3:13:13
  Speaker 1: wish to settle the difficulty personally, make complaint to the chieftain.
• 3:13:18
  Speaker 1: If he is unable to meet the offending parties in
• 3:13:21
  Speaker 1: a personal encounter and disdains to make complaint, anyone may
• 3:13:26
  Speaker 1: in his stead inform the chief of this conduct, And
• 3:13:29
  Speaker 1: then it becomes necessary to have an investigation or trial.
• 3:13:33
  Speaker 1: Both the accused and the accuser are entitled to witnesses,
• 3:13:37
  Speaker 1: and their witnesses are not interrupted in any way by questions,
• 3:13:41
  Speaker 1: but simply say what they wish to say in regard
• 3:13:44
  Speaker 1: to the matter. The witnesses are not placed under oath
• 3:13:48
  Speaker 1: because it is not believed that they will give false
• 3:13:51
  Speaker 1: testimony in a matter relating to their own people. The
• 3:13:56
  Speaker 1: chief of the tribe presides during these trials, but if
• 3:13:59
  Speaker 1: if it is a serious offense, he asks two or
• 3:14:03
  Speaker 1: three leaders to sit with him. These simply determine whether
• 3:14:07
  Speaker 1: or not the man is guilty. If he is not guilty,
• 3:14:10
  Speaker 1: the matter is ended, and the complaining party has forfeited
• 3:14:14
  Speaker 1: his right to take personal vengeance, for if he wishes
• 3:14:17
  Speaker 1: to take vengeance himself, he must object to the trial,
• 3:14:21
  Speaker 1: which would prevent it. If the accused is found guilty,
• 3:14:25
  Speaker 1: the injured party fixes the penalty, which is generally confirmed
• 3:14:29
  Speaker 1: by the chief and his associates. Adoption of children If
• 3:14:34
  Speaker 1: any children are left orphans by the usage of war
• 3:14:38
  Speaker 1: or otherwise, that is, if both parents are dead, the
• 3:14:42
  Speaker 1: chief of the tribe may adopt them or give them
• 3:14:45
  Speaker 1: away as he desires. In the case of outlawed Indians,
• 3:14:49
  Speaker 1: they may, if they wish, take their children with them,
• 3:14:53
  Speaker 1: But if they leave the children with the tribe, the
• 3:14:55
  Speaker 1: chief decides what will be done with them. But no
• 3:14:59
  Speaker 1: disgrace attachm to the children. Salt Lake. We obtained our
• 3:15:04
  Speaker 1: salt from a little lake in the Hila mountains. This
• 3:15:08
  Speaker 1: is a very small lake of clear, shallow water, and
• 3:15:12
  Speaker 1: in the center a small mound arises above the surface
• 3:15:15
  Speaker 1: of the water. The water is too salty to drink,
• 3:15:19
  Speaker 1: and the bottom of the lake is covered with a
• 3:15:21
  Speaker 1: brown crust. When this crust is broken, cakes of salt
• 3:15:25
  Speaker 1: adhere to it. These cakes of salt may be washed
• 3:15:29
  Speaker 1: clear in the water of this lake, but if washed
• 3:15:32
  Speaker 1: in other water, will dissolve. When visiting this lake, our
• 3:15:36
  Speaker 1: people were not allowed to even kill game or attack
• 3:15:40
  Speaker 1: an enemy. All creatures were free to go and come
• 3:15:44
  Speaker 1: without molestation. Preparation of a warrior. To be admitted as
• 3:15:49
  Speaker 1: a warrior, a youth must have gone with the warriors
• 3:15:52
  Speaker 1: of his tribe four separate times on the war path.
• 3:15:56
  Speaker 1: On the first trip, he will be given only very
• 3:15:59
  Speaker 1: inferior fare. With this he must be contented without murmuring.
• 3:16:04
  Speaker 1: On none of the four trips is he allowed to
• 3:16:06
  Speaker 1: select his food as the warriors do, but must eat
• 3:16:10
  Speaker 1: such food as he is permitted to have. On each
• 3:16:14
  Speaker 1: of these expeditions, he acts as servant, cares for the horses,
• 3:16:19
  Speaker 1: cooks the food, and does whatever duties he should do
• 3:16:22
  Speaker 1: without being told. He knows what things are to be done,
• 3:16:26
  Speaker 1: and without waiting to be told, is to do them.
• 3:16:30
  Speaker 1: He is not allowed to speak to any warrior, except
• 3:16:33
  Speaker 1: in answer to questions or when told to speak. During
• 3:16:38
  Speaker 1: these four wars, he is expected to learn the sacred
• 3:16:42
  Speaker 1: names of everything used in war, for after the tribe
• 3:16:46
  Speaker 1: enters upon the war path, no common names are used
• 3:16:50
  Speaker 1: in referring to anything appertaining to war. In any way,
• 3:16:54
  Speaker 1: war is a solemn religious matter. If after four expeditions,
• 3:17:00
  Speaker 1: all the warriors are satisfied that the youth has been industrious,
• 3:17:04
  Speaker 1: has not spoken out of order, has been discreet in
• 3:17:08
  Speaker 1: all things, has shown courage in battle, has borne all
• 3:17:12
  Speaker 1: hardships uncomplainingly, and has exhibited no color of cowardice or
• 3:17:18
  Speaker 1: weakness of any kind, he may, by vote of the
• 3:17:22
  Speaker 1: council be admitted as a warrior. But if any warrior
• 3:17:26
  Speaker 1: objects to him upon any account, he will be subjected
• 3:17:30
  Speaker 1: to further tests. And if he meets these courageously, his
• 3:17:34
  Speaker 1: name may again be proposed. When he has proven beyond
• 3:17:38
  Speaker 1: question that he can bear hardships without complaint and that
• 3:17:42
  Speaker 1: he is a stranger to fear, he is admitted to
• 3:17:45
  Speaker 1: the Council of the Warriors in the lowest rank. After this,
• 3:17:49
  Speaker 1: there is no formal test for promotions, but by common
• 3:17:52
  Speaker 1: consent he assumes a station on the battlefield, and if
• 3:17:56
  Speaker 1: that position is maintained with honor, he is allowed to
• 3:17:59
  Speaker 1: keep it and may be asked or may volunteer, to
• 3:18:03
  Speaker 1: take a higher station. But no warrior would presume to
• 3:18:07
  Speaker 1: take a higher station unless he had assurance from the
• 3:18:10
  Speaker 1: leaders of the tribe that his conduct in the first
• 3:18:14
  Speaker 1: position was worthy of commendation. From this point upward, the
• 3:18:18
  Speaker 1: only election by the council informal assembly is the election
• 3:18:23
  Speaker 1: of the chief. Old men are not allowed to lead
• 3:18:26
  Speaker 1: in battle, but their advice is always respected. Old age
• 3:18:30
  Speaker 1: means loss of physical power and is fatal to active leadership.
• 3:18:36
  Speaker 1: Dances All dances are considered religious ceremonies and are presided
• 3:18:41
  Speaker 1: over by a chief and medicine men. They are of
• 3:18:45
  Speaker 1: a social or military nature, but never without some sacred characteristic.
• 3:18:51
  Speaker 1: A dance of Thanksgiving. Every summer, we would gather the
• 3:18:55
  Speaker 1: fruit of the yucca grind and pulverize it and mold
• 3:18:58
  Speaker 1: it into cakes. Then the tribe would be assembled to feast,
• 3:19:02
  Speaker 1: to sing, and to give praises to usen. Prayers of
• 3:19:06
  Speaker 1: thanksgiving were said by all. When the dance began, the
• 3:19:10
  Speaker 1: leaders bore these cakes and added words of praise occasionally
• 3:19:14
  Speaker 1: to the usual tone sounds of the music. The war dance.
• 3:19:19
  Speaker 1: After a council of warriors had deliberated and had prepared
• 3:19:23
  Speaker 1: for the war path, the dance would be started. In
• 3:19:27
  Speaker 1: this dance there is usual singing led by the warriors
• 3:19:30
  Speaker 1: and accompanied by the beating of the esadadeni, but the
• 3:19:34
  Speaker 1: dancing is more violent and yells and war whoops sometimes
• 3:19:38
  Speaker 1: almost drowned the music. Only warriors participated in this dance.
• 3:19:44
  Speaker 1: Scalp Dance. After a war party has returned, a modification
• 3:19:49
  Speaker 1: of the war dance is held. The warriors who have
• 3:19:52
  Speaker 1: brought scalps from the battles exhibit them to the tribe,
• 3:19:56
  Speaker 1: and when the dance begins, these scalps, elevat on poles
• 3:20:01
  Speaker 1: or spears, are carried around the campfires while the dance
• 3:20:04
  Speaker 1: is in progress. During this dance. There is still some
• 3:20:08
  Speaker 1: of the solemnity of the war dance. There are yells
• 3:20:12
  Speaker 1: and war whoops, frequently accompanied by discharge of firearms, but
• 3:20:16
  Speaker 1: there is always more levity than would be permitted at
• 3:20:19
  Speaker 1: a war dance. After the scalp dance is over, the
• 3:20:23
  Speaker 1: scalps are thrown away. No Apache would keep them, for
• 3:20:27
  Speaker 1: they are considered defiling a social dance. In the early
• 3:20:32
  Speaker 1: part of September nineteen o five, I announced among the
• 3:20:35
  Speaker 1: Apaches that my daughter Eva, having attained womanhood, should now
• 3:20:40
  Speaker 1: put away childish things and assume her station as a
• 3:20:44
  Speaker 1: young lady. At a dance of the tribe. She would
• 3:20:47
  Speaker 1: make her debut, and then or thereafter it would be
• 3:20:51
  Speaker 1: proper for a warrior to seek her hand in marriage. Accordingly,
• 3:20:55
  Speaker 1: invitations were issued to all Apaches and many Comanches and
• 3:20:59
  Speaker 1: Kio to assemble for a grand dance on the green
• 3:21:03
  Speaker 1: by the south bank of Medicine Creek, near the village
• 3:21:07
  Speaker 1: of Knightchi, former chief of the Jocona Apaches, on the
• 3:21:11
  Speaker 1: first night of full moon in September. The festivities were
• 3:21:15
  Speaker 1: to continue for two days and nights. Nothing was omitted
• 3:21:19
  Speaker 1: in the preparation that would contribute to the enjoyment of
• 3:21:22
  Speaker 1: the guests or the perfection of the observance of the
• 3:21:26
  Speaker 1: religious rite. To make ready for the dancing, the grass
• 3:21:30
  Speaker 1: on a large circular space was closely mowed. The singing
• 3:21:33
  Speaker 1: was led by Chief Knightchi and I, assisted by our
• 3:21:37
  Speaker 1: medicine men, directed the dance. First, Eva advanced from among
• 3:21:42
  Speaker 1: the women and danced once around the camp fire. Then,
• 3:21:47
  Speaker 1: accompanied by another young woman, she again advanced and both
• 3:21:51
  Speaker 1: danced twice around the camp fire. Then she and two
• 3:21:55
  Speaker 1: other young ladies advanced and danced three times around the
• 3:21:59
  Speaker 1: camp fire. The next time, she and three other young
• 3:22:02
  Speaker 1: ladies advanced and danced four times around the camp fire.
• 3:22:07
  Speaker 1: This ceremony lasted about one hour. Next, the medicine men entered,
• 3:22:12
  Speaker 1: stripped to the waist, their bodies painted fantastically, and danced
• 3:22:17
  Speaker 1: the sacred dances. They were followed by clown dancers who
• 3:22:21
  Speaker 1: amused the audience greatly. Then the members of the tribe
• 3:22:25
  Speaker 1: joined hands and danced in a circle around the camp
• 3:22:28
  Speaker 1: fire for a long time. All the friends of the
• 3:22:32
  Speaker 1: tribe were asked to take part in this dance, and
• 3:22:35
  Speaker 1: when it was ended, many of the old people retired
• 3:22:39
  Speaker 1: and the lovers dance began The warriors stood in the
• 3:22:43
  Speaker 1: middle of the circle, and the ladies two and two
• 3:22:47
  Speaker 1: danced forward and designated some warrior to dance with them.
• 3:22:51
  Speaker 1: The dancing was back and forth on a line from
• 3:22:54
  Speaker 1: the center to the outer edge of the circle. The
• 3:22:57
  Speaker 1: warrior faced the two ladies, and when they danced forward
• 3:23:00
  Speaker 1: to the center, he danced backward. Then they danced backward
• 3:23:05
  Speaker 1: to the outer edge, and he followed facing them. This
• 3:23:09
  Speaker 1: lasted two or three hours, and then the music changed.
• 3:23:13
  Speaker 1: Immediately the warriors assembled again in the center of the circle,
• 3:23:17
  Speaker 1: and this time each lady selected a warrior as a partner.
• 3:23:21
  Speaker 1: The manner of dancing was as before, only two instead
• 3:23:25
  Speaker 1: of three danced together. During this dance, which continued until daylight.
• 3:23:31
  Speaker 1: The warrior, if dancing with a maiden, could propose marriage,
• 3:23:35
  Speaker 1: and if the maiden agreed, he would consult her father
• 3:23:38
  Speaker 1: soon afterward and make a bargain for her. Upon all
• 3:23:43
  Speaker 1: such occasions as this, When the dance is finished, each
• 3:23:47
  Speaker 1: warrior gives a present to the lady who selected him
• 3:23:49
  Speaker 1: for a partner and danced with him. If she is
• 3:23:52
  Speaker 1: satisfied with the present, he says goodbye. If not, the
• 3:23:56
  Speaker 1: matter is referred to someone in authority, medicine man or
• 3:24:00
  Speaker 1: chief who determines the question of what is a proper gift.
• 3:24:05
  Speaker 1: For a married lady, the value of the present should
• 3:24:07
  Speaker 1: be two or three dollars. For a maiden, the present
• 3:24:11
  Speaker 1: should have a value of not less than five dollars. Often, however,
• 3:24:15
  Speaker 1: the maiden receives a very valuable present. During the lover's dance,
• 3:24:20
  Speaker 1: the medicine men mingle with the dancers to keep out
• 3:24:23
  Speaker 1: evil spirits. Perhaps I shall never again have cause to
• 3:24:28
  Speaker 1: assemble our people to dance, But these social dances in
• 3:24:31
  Speaker 1: the moonlight have been a large part of our enjoyment
• 3:24:35
  Speaker 1: in the past, and I think they will not soon
• 3:24:38
  Speaker 1: be discontinued, at least I hope not. End of Section eight,
• 3:24:45
  Speaker 1: Section nine, The Old and the New, Part two, Chapter
• 3:24:50
  Speaker 1: twenty one. At the World's Fair, when I was first
• 3:24:55
  Speaker 1: asked to attend the Saint Louis World's Fair, I did
• 3:24:59
  Speaker 1: not wish to go. Later, when I was told that
• 3:25:02
  Speaker 1: I would receive good attention and protection, and that the
• 3:25:06
  Speaker 1: President of the United States said it would be all right,
• 3:25:09
  Speaker 1: I consented. I was kept by parties in charge of
• 3:25:12
  Speaker 1: the Indian Department, who had obtained permission from the President
• 3:25:17
  Speaker 1: I stayed in this place for six months. I sold
• 3:25:20
  Speaker 1: my photographs for twenty five cents and was allowed to
• 3:25:24
  Speaker 1: keep ten cents of this for myself. I also wrote
• 3:25:27
  Speaker 1: my name for ten, fifteen or twenty five cents, as
• 3:25:31
  Speaker 1: the case might be, and kept all of that money.
• 3:25:35
  Speaker 1: I often made as much as two dollars a day,
• 3:25:38
  Speaker 1: and when I returned I had plenty of money, more
• 3:25:41
  Speaker 1: than I had ever owned before. Many people in Saint
• 3:25:45
  Speaker 1: Louis invited me to come to their homes, but my
• 3:25:49
  Speaker 1: keeper always refused. Every Sunday, the president of the fair
• 3:25:53
  Speaker 1: sent for me to go to a Wild West show.
• 3:25:57
  Speaker 1: I took part in the roping contests. Before the Audiollians.
• 3:26:01
  Speaker 1: There were many other Indian tribes there, and strange people
• 3:26:04
  Speaker 1: of whom I had never heard. When people first came
• 3:26:08
  Speaker 1: to the World's Fair, they did nothing but parade up
• 3:26:12
  Speaker 1: and down the streets. When they got tired of this,
• 3:26:14
  Speaker 1: they would visit the shows. There were many strange things
• 3:26:18
  Speaker 1: in these shows. The government sent guards with me when
• 3:26:21
  Speaker 1: I went, and I was not allowed to go anywhere
• 3:26:24
  Speaker 1: without them. In one of these shows, some strange men
• 3:26:28
  Speaker 1: with red caps turks had some peculiar swords, and they
• 3:26:33
  Speaker 1: seemed to want to fight. Finally, their manager told them
• 3:26:37
  Speaker 1: they might fight each other. They tried to hit each
• 3:26:40
  Speaker 1: other over the head with these swords, and I expected
• 3:26:43
  Speaker 1: both to be wounded or perhaps killed, but neither one
• 3:26:47
  Speaker 1: was harmed. They would be hard people to kill in
• 3:26:50
  Speaker 1: a hand to hand fight. In another show, there was
• 3:26:54
  Speaker 1: a strange looking negro. The manager tied his hands fast,
• 3:26:58
  Speaker 1: then tied him to a church. He was securely tied
• 3:27:02
  Speaker 1: for I looked myself and I did not think it
• 3:27:05
  Speaker 1: was possible for him to get away. Then the manager
• 3:27:09
  Speaker 1: told him to get loose. He twisted in his chair
• 3:27:12
  Speaker 1: for a moment and then stood up. The ropes were
• 3:27:15
  Speaker 1: still tied, but he was free. I do not understand
• 3:27:19
  Speaker 1: how this was done. It was certainly a miraculous power,
• 3:27:23
  Speaker 1: because no man could have released himself by his own efforts.
• 3:27:28
  Speaker 1: In another place, a man was on a platform speaking
• 3:27:31
  Speaker 1: to the audience. They set a basket by the side
• 3:27:34
  Speaker 1: of the platform and covered it with red calicole. Then
• 3:27:38
  Speaker 1: a woman came and got into the basket, and a
• 3:27:42
  Speaker 1: man covered the basket again with the calicole. Then the
• 3:27:45
  Speaker 1: man who was speaking to the audience took a long
• 3:27:48
  Speaker 1: sword and ran it through the basket each way and
• 3:27:53
  Speaker 1: then down through the cloth cover. I heard the sword
• 3:27:56
  Speaker 1: cut through the woman's body, and the manager himself said
• 3:28:00
  Speaker 1: she was dead. But when the cloth was lifted from
• 3:28:03
  Speaker 1: the basket, she stepped out, smiled, and walked off the stage.
• 3:28:09
  Speaker 1: I would like to know how she was so quickly healed,
• 3:28:12
  Speaker 1: and why the wounds did not kill her. I have
• 3:28:16
  Speaker 1: never considered bears very intelligent, except in their wild habits,
• 3:28:20
  Speaker 1: but I had never before seen a white bear. In
• 3:28:25
  Speaker 1: one of the shows, a man had a white bear
• 3:28:27
  Speaker 1: that was as intelligent as a man. He would do
• 3:28:30
  Speaker 1: whatever he was told, carry a log on his shoulder,
• 3:28:34
  Speaker 1: just as a man would, then when he was told,
• 3:28:37
  Speaker 1: would put it down again. He did many other things
• 3:28:40
  Speaker 1: and seemed to know exactly what his keeper said to him.
• 3:28:44
  Speaker 1: I am sure that no grisly bear could be trained
• 3:28:47
  Speaker 1: to do these things. One time, the guards took me
• 3:28:51
  Speaker 1: into a little house that had four windows. When we
• 3:28:55
  Speaker 1: were seated, the little house started to move along the ground.
• 3:28:59
  Speaker 1: Then the guards called my attention to some curious things
• 3:29:02
  Speaker 1: they had in their pockets. Finally they told me to
• 3:29:06
  Speaker 1: look out, and when I did so, I was scared,
• 3:29:10
  Speaker 1: for our little house had gone high up in the air,
• 3:29:13
  Speaker 1: and the people down in the fair grounds looked no
• 3:29:16
  Speaker 1: larger than ants. The men laughed at me for being scared.
• 3:29:21
  Speaker 1: Then they gave me a glass to look through. I
• 3:29:24
  Speaker 1: often had such glasses, which I took from dead offices
• 3:29:27
  Speaker 1: after battles in Mexico and elsewhere, and I could see rivers,
• 3:29:32
  Speaker 1: lakes and mountains. But I had never been so high
• 3:29:36
  Speaker 1: in the air, and I tried to look into the sky.
• 3:29:40
  Speaker 1: There were no stars, and I could not look at
• 3:29:42
  Speaker 1: the sun through this glass because the brightness hurt my eyes. Finally,
• 3:29:47
  Speaker 1: I put the glass down, and as they were all
• 3:29:50
  Speaker 1: laughing at me, I too began to laugh. Then they
• 3:29:54
  Speaker 1: said get out, and when I looked, we were on
• 3:29:57
  Speaker 1: the street again. After we were safe on the land,
• 3:30:01
  Speaker 1: I watched many of these little houses going up and
• 3:30:05
  Speaker 1: coming down, but I cannot understand how they travel. They
• 3:30:09
  Speaker 1: are very curious little houses. One day we went into
• 3:30:14
  Speaker 1: another show, and as soon as we were in it,
• 3:30:17
  Speaker 1: it changed into night. It was real night, for I
• 3:30:21
  Speaker 1: could feel the damp air. Soon it began to thunder
• 3:30:25
  Speaker 1: and the lightnings flashed. It was real lightning, too, for
• 3:30:29
  Speaker 1: it struck just above our heads. I dodged and wanted
• 3:30:32
  Speaker 1: to run away, but I could not tell which way
• 3:30:35
  Speaker 1: to go in order to get out. The guards motioned
• 3:30:39
  Speaker 1: me to keep still, and so I stayed. In front
• 3:30:42
  Speaker 1: of us were some strange little people who came out
• 3:30:45
  Speaker 1: on the platform. Then I looked up again and the
• 3:30:49
  Speaker 1: clouds were all gone, and I could see the stars shining.
• 3:30:53
  Speaker 1: The little people on the platform did not seem in
• 3:30:56
  Speaker 1: earnest about anything they did, so I only laughed at them.
• 3:31:00
  Speaker 1: All the people around where we sat seemed to be
• 3:31:02
  Speaker 1: laughing at me. We went into another place, and the
• 3:31:06
  Speaker 1: manager took us into a little room that was made
• 3:31:09
  Speaker 1: like a cage. Then everything around us seemed to be moving.
• 3:31:14
  Speaker 1: Soon the air looked blue. Then there were black clouds
• 3:31:18
  Speaker 1: moving with the wind. Pretty soon it was clear outside.
• 3:31:22
  Speaker 1: Then we saw a few thin white clouds. Then the
• 3:31:25
  Speaker 1: clouds grew thicker, and it rained and hailed with thunder
• 3:31:28
  Speaker 1: and lightning. Then the thunder retreated and a rainbow appeared
• 3:31:33
  Speaker 1: in the distance. Then it became dark, the moon rose
• 3:31:37
  Speaker 1: and thousands of stars came out. Soon the sun came
• 3:31:41
  Speaker 1: up and we got out of the little room. This
• 3:31:44
  Speaker 1: was a good show, but it was so strange and
• 3:31:47
  Speaker 1: unnatural that I was glad to be on the streets again.
• 3:31:51
  Speaker 1: We went into one place where they made glassware. I
• 3:31:54
  Speaker 1: had always thought that these things were made by hand,
• 3:31:57
  Speaker 1: but they are not. The man and had a curious
• 3:32:00
  Speaker 1: little instrument, and whenever he would blow through this into
• 3:32:04
  Speaker 1: a little blaze, the glass would take any shape he
• 3:32:07
  Speaker 1: wanted it to. I am not sure, but I think
• 3:32:11
  Speaker 1: that if I had this kind of an instrument, I
• 3:32:14
  Speaker 1: could make whatever I wished. There seems to be a
• 3:32:17
  Speaker 1: charm about it, but I suppose it is very difficult
• 3:32:21
  Speaker 1: to get these little instruments, or other people would have them.
• 3:32:25
  Speaker 1: The people in this show were so anxious to buy
• 3:32:28
  Speaker 1: the things the man made that they kept him so
• 3:32:31
  Speaker 1: busy he could not sit down all day long. I
• 3:32:35
  Speaker 1: bought many curious things in there and brought them home
• 3:32:38
  Speaker 1: with me. At the end of one of the streets,
• 3:32:41
  Speaker 1: some people were getting into a clumsy canoe upon a
• 3:32:45
  Speaker 1: kind of shelf and sliding down into the water. They
• 3:32:49
  Speaker 1: seemed to enjoy it, but it looked too fierce for me.
• 3:32:53
  Speaker 1: If one of these canoes had gotten out of its path,
• 3:32:56
  Speaker 1: the people would have been sure to get hurt or killed.
• 3:33:00
  Speaker 1: There were some little brown people at the fair that
• 3:33:03
  Speaker 1: united States troops captured recently on some islands far away
• 3:33:07
  Speaker 1: from here. They did not wear much clothing, and I
• 3:33:11
  Speaker 1: think that they should not have been allowed to come
• 3:33:14
  Speaker 1: to the fair. But they themselves did not seem to
• 3:33:17
  Speaker 1: know any better. They had some little brass plates, and
• 3:33:21
  Speaker 1: they tried to play music with these, but I did
• 3:33:24
  Speaker 1: not think it was music. It was only a rattle. However,
• 3:33:28
  Speaker 1: they danced to this noise and seemed to think they
• 3:33:31
  Speaker 1: were giving a fine show. I do not know how
• 3:33:34
  Speaker 1: true the report was, but I heard that the President
• 3:33:38
  Speaker 1: sent them to the fair so that they could learn
• 3:33:40
  Speaker 1: some manners, and when they went home, teached their people
• 3:33:44
  Speaker 1: how to dress and how to behave. I am glad
• 3:33:48
  Speaker 1: I went to the fair. I saw many interesting things
• 3:33:51
  Speaker 1: and learned much of the white people. They are a
• 3:33:54
  Speaker 1: very kind and peaceful people. During all the time I
• 3:33:58
  Speaker 1: was at the fair, no one tried to harm me
• 3:34:00
  Speaker 1: in any way. Had this been among the Mexicans, I
• 3:34:04
  Speaker 1: am sure I should have been compelled to defend myself. Often.
• 3:34:09
  Speaker 1: I wish all my people could have attended the fair.
• 3:34:13
  Speaker 1: Chapter twenty two. Religion in our primitive worship, only our
• 3:34:18
  Speaker 1: relations to usin and the members of our tribe were
• 3:34:22
  Speaker 1: considered as appertaining to our religious responsibilities. As to the
• 3:34:26
  Speaker 1: future state, the teachings of our tribe were not specific.
• 3:34:31
  Speaker 1: That is, we had no definite idea of our relations
• 3:34:34
  Speaker 1: and surroundings in after life. We believe that there is
• 3:34:38
  Speaker 1: a life after this one, but no one ever told
• 3:34:41
  Speaker 1: me as to what part of man lived after death.
• 3:34:45
  Speaker 1: I have seen many men die, I have seen many
• 3:34:48
  Speaker 1: human bodies decayed, but I have never seen that part
• 3:34:52
  Speaker 1: which is called the spirit. I do not know what
• 3:34:55
  Speaker 1: it is, nor have I yet been able to understand
• 3:34:58
  Speaker 1: that part of the Christian relig We held that the
• 3:35:02
  Speaker 1: discharge of one's duty would make his future life more pleasant,
• 3:35:05
  Speaker 1: but whether that future life was worse than this life
• 3:35:09
  Speaker 1: or better, we did not know, and no one was
• 3:35:12
  Speaker 1: able to tell us. We hoped that in the future life,
• 3:35:17
  Speaker 1: family and tribal relations would be resumed in a way.
• 3:35:21
  Speaker 1: We believed this, but we did not know it. Once,
• 3:35:25
  Speaker 1: when living in San Carlos Reservation, an Indian told me that,
• 3:35:29
  Speaker 1: while lying unconscious on the battlefield, he had actually been
• 3:35:34
  Speaker 1: dead and had passed into the spirit land. First he
• 3:35:38
  Speaker 1: came to a mulberry tree growing out from a cave
• 3:35:42
  Speaker 1: in the ground. Before this cave, a guard was stationed,
• 3:35:46
  Speaker 1: but when he approached without fear, the guard let him pass.
• 3:35:50
  Speaker 1: He descended into the cave, and a little way back
• 3:35:54
  Speaker 1: the path widened and terminated in a perpendicular rock many
• 3:35:58
  Speaker 1: hundreds of feet wide and equal in height. There was
• 3:36:02
  Speaker 1: not much light, but by peering directly beneath him, he
• 3:36:07
  Speaker 1: discovered a pile of sand reaching from the depths below
• 3:36:11
  Speaker 1: to within twenty feet of the top of the rock,
• 3:36:13
  Speaker 1: where he stood holding to a bush, He swung off
• 3:36:17
  Speaker 1: from the edge of the rock and dropped into the sand,
• 3:36:21
  Speaker 1: sliding rapidly down its step side into the darkness. He
• 3:36:25
  Speaker 1: landed in a narrow passage running due westward through a canyon,
• 3:36:30
  Speaker 1: which gradually grew lighter and lighter, until he could see
• 3:36:34
  Speaker 1: as well as if it had been daylight, but there
• 3:36:37
  Speaker 1: was no sun. Finally, he came to a section of
• 3:36:40
  Speaker 1: this passage that was wider for a short distance, and
• 3:36:44
  Speaker 1: then closing abruptly, continued in a narrow path. Just where
• 3:36:49
  Speaker 1: this section narrowed, two huge serpents were coiled and rearing
• 3:36:53
  Speaker 1: their heads hissed at him as he approached, but he
• 3:36:57
  Speaker 1: showed no fear, and as soon as he came close
• 3:37:00
  Speaker 1: to them, they withdrew quietly and let him pass. At
• 3:37:04
  Speaker 1: the next place, where the passage opened into a wider section,
• 3:37:08
  Speaker 1: were two grizzly bears prepared to attack him, but when
• 3:37:13
  Speaker 1: he approached and spoke to them, they stood aside, and
• 3:37:16
  Speaker 1: he passed unharmed. He continued to follow the narrow passage,
• 3:37:21
  Speaker 1: and the third time it widened, and two mountain lions
• 3:37:25
  Speaker 1: crouched in the way, but when he had approached them
• 3:37:28
  Speaker 1: without fear and had spoken to them, they also withdrew.
• 3:37:32
  Speaker 1: He again entered the narrow passage for some time. He
• 3:37:36
  Speaker 1: followed this, emerging into a fourth section, beyond which he
• 3:37:39
  Speaker 1: could see nothing. The further walls of this section were
• 3:37:43
  Speaker 1: clashing together at regular intervals with tremendous sounds, but when
• 3:37:48
  Speaker 1: he approached them, they stood apart until he had passed.
• 3:37:52
  Speaker 1: After this, he seemed to be in a forest, and
• 3:37:56
  Speaker 1: following the natural draws which led westward, soon came into
• 3:38:00
  Speaker 1: a green valley where there were many Indians camped and
• 3:38:04
  Speaker 1: plenty of game. He said that he saw and recognized
• 3:38:08
  Speaker 1: many whom he had known in this life, and that
• 3:38:11
  Speaker 1: he was sorry when he was brought back to consciousness.
• 3:38:15
  Speaker 1: I told him if I knew this to be true,
• 3:38:18
  Speaker 1: I would not want to live another day, but by
• 3:38:21
  Speaker 1: some means, if by my own hands, I would die
• 3:38:25
  Speaker 1: in order to enjoy these pleasures. I myself have lain
• 3:38:29
  Speaker 1: unconscious on the battlefield, and while in that condition, have
• 3:38:33
  Speaker 1: had some strange thoughts or experiences, but they are very
• 3:38:37
  Speaker 1: dim and I cannot recall them well enough to relate them.
• 3:38:41
  Speaker 1: Many Indians believed this warrior, and I cannot say that
• 3:38:45
  Speaker 1: he did not tell the truth. I wish I knew
• 3:38:48
  Speaker 1: that what he said is beyond question true, but perhaps
• 3:38:53
  Speaker 1: it is as well that we are not certain. Since
• 3:38:56
  Speaker 1: my life as a prisoner has begun, I have heard
• 3:38:59
  Speaker 1: the teachings of the white Man's religion, and in many
• 3:39:03
  Speaker 1: respects believe it to be better than the religion of
• 3:39:05
  Speaker 1: my father's. However, I have always prayed, and I believe
• 3:39:11
  Speaker 1: that the Almighty has always protected me. Believing that in
• 3:39:16
  Speaker 1: a wise way it is good to go to church,
• 3:39:18
  Speaker 1: and that associating with Christians would improve my character, I
• 3:39:23
  Speaker 1: have adopted the Christian religion. I believe that the church
• 3:39:27
  Speaker 1: has helped me much during the short time I have
• 3:39:30
  Speaker 1: been a member. I am not ashamed to be a
• 3:39:33
  Speaker 1: Christian and I am glad to know that the President
• 3:39:36
  Speaker 1: of the United States is a Christian, for without the
• 3:39:39
  Speaker 1: help of the Almighty I do not think he could
• 3:39:42
  Speaker 1: rightly judge in ruling so many people. I have advised
• 3:39:46
  Speaker 1: all of my people who are not Christians to study
• 3:39:49
  Speaker 1: that religion, because it seems to me the best religion
• 3:39:53
  Speaker 1: in enabling one to live right. Chapter twenty three, Hopes
• 3:39:58
  Speaker 1: for the Future. I am thankful that the President of
• 3:40:02
  Speaker 1: the United States has given me permission to tell my story.
• 3:40:06
  Speaker 1: I hope that he and those in authority under him
• 3:40:09
  Speaker 1: will read my story and judge whether my people have
• 3:40:13
  Speaker 1: been rightly treated. There is a great question between the
• 3:40:17
  Speaker 1: Apaches and the government. For twenty years we have been
• 3:40:21
  Speaker 1: held prisoners of war under a treaty which was made
• 3:40:24
  Speaker 1: with General Miles on the part of the United States
• 3:40:27
  Speaker 1: government and myself as the representative of the Apaches. That
• 3:40:33
  Speaker 1: treaty has not at all times been properly observed by
• 3:40:37
  Speaker 1: the government, although at the present time it is being
• 3:40:40
  Speaker 1: more nearly fulfilled on their part than Heretofore, in the
• 3:40:44
  Speaker 1: treaty with General Miles, we agreed to go to a
• 3:40:47
  Speaker 1: place outside of Arizona and learn to live as the
• 3:40:51
  Speaker 1: white people do. I think that my people are now
• 3:40:55
  Speaker 1: capable of living in accordance with the laws of the
• 3:40:57
  Speaker 1: United States, and we of course like to have the
• 3:41:02
  Speaker 1: liberty to return to that land which is ours by
• 3:41:05
  Speaker 1: divine right. We are reduced in numbers, and having learned
• 3:41:09
  Speaker 1: how to cultivate the soil, would not require so much
• 3:41:12
  Speaker 1: ground as was formerly necessary. We do not ask all
• 3:41:16
  Speaker 1: of the land which the Almighty gave us in the beginning,
• 3:41:19
  Speaker 1: but that we may have sufficient lands there to cultivate
• 3:41:23
  Speaker 1: what we do not need. We are glad for the
• 3:41:25
  Speaker 1: white men to cultivate. We are now held on Comanche
• 3:41:28
  Speaker 1: and Kiowa lands which are not suited to our needs.
• 3:41:32
  Speaker 1: These lands, in this climate are suited to the Indians
• 3:41:35
  Speaker 1: who originally inhabited this country, of course, but our people
• 3:41:40
  Speaker 1: are decreasing in numbers here and will continue to decrease
• 3:41:44
  Speaker 1: unless they are allowed to return to their native land.
• 3:41:48
  Speaker 1: Such a result is inevitable. There is no climate or
• 3:41:52
  Speaker 1: soil which, to my mind is equal to that of Arizona.
• 3:41:56
  Speaker 1: We could have plenty of good cultivating land, plenty of grass,
• 3:42:01
  Speaker 1: plenty of timber, and plenty of minerals in that land
• 3:42:04
  Speaker 1: which the Almighty created for the Apaches. It is my land,
• 3:42:10
  Speaker 1: my home, my father's land, to which I now ask
• 3:42:14
  Speaker 1: to be allowed to return. I want to spend my
• 3:42:18
  Speaker 1: last days there and be buried among those mountains. If
• 3:42:22
  Speaker 1: this could be, I might die in peace, feeling that
• 3:42:25
  Speaker 1: my people, placed in their native homes, would increase in
• 3:42:29
  Speaker 1: numbers rather than diminish as at present, and that our
• 3:42:34
  Speaker 1: name would not become extinct. I know that if my
• 3:42:38
  Speaker 1: people were placed in that mountainous region lying around the
• 3:42:42
  Speaker 1: headwaters of the Hille River, they would live in peace
• 3:42:45
  Speaker 1: and act according to the will of the President. They
• 3:42:49
  Speaker 1: would be prosperous and happy in telling the soil and
• 3:42:52
  Speaker 1: learning the civilization of the white men whom they now respect.
• 3:42:57
  Speaker 1: Could I but see this accomplished. I think I could
• 3:43:00
  Speaker 1: forget all the wrongs that I have ever received and
• 3:43:04
  Speaker 1: die a contented and happy old man. But we can
• 3:43:09
  Speaker 1: do nothing in this matter ourselves. We must wait until
• 3:43:13
  Speaker 1: those in authority choose to act. If this cannot be
• 3:43:17
  Speaker 1: done during my lifetime, if I must die in bondage,
• 3:43:22
  Speaker 1: I hope that the remnant of the Apache tribe may,
• 3:43:25
  Speaker 1: when I am gone, be granted the one privilege which
• 3:43:29
  Speaker 1: they request to return to Arizona, end of section nine,
• 3:43:37
  Speaker 1: end of Geronimo's story of his life by Geronimo