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The Beast of Gévaudan: An Unidentified Predator · Midnight Signals: History, Folklore and Unexplained Mysteries

• 0:00
  [gentle somber music] On June 20th, 1767, a royal notary opened the stomach of a dead predator and found the remains of a human being.
• 0:11
  The animal had been shot the day before on Mount Mouchet by a local farmer, and the autopsy describes a creature with traits no wolf possesses.
• 0:20
  For three years, this predator stalked the mountains of Gévaudan and killed 113 people while King Louis XV sent gun bearers and soldiers to stop it, but every royal attempt failed.
• 0:32
  When one of the king's own men shot a wolf and stuffed it for the palace at Versailles, the killings resumed within two months.
• 0:39
  The crown possessed proof the beast was not a wolf, and it chose to bury that proof instead of acknowledging the truth. Gévaudan in the 1760s was not a province in any meaningful sense.
• 0:50
  It was a mountainous backwater in the Margeride range of South Central France, and travelers who passed through wrote that the roads were little more than goat tracks.
• 0:59
  The forests there were dense, civilization was thin, and the people who lived there were poor, isolated, and mostly left alone by the crown.
• 1:09
  Shepherds walked their flocks through valleys where wolves were common, and the villagers were accustomed to danger. But what arrived in the summer of 1764 was no wolf.
• 1:19
  The parish registers from that season make that clear. The region had a reputation for being remote, a place where the forces of nature had not been fully tamed.
• 1:30
  That reputation made it fertile ground for both supernatural speculation and very real predation. France in 1764 was a nation in ruins.
• 1:40
  The Seven Years' War had ended the year before, and France had lost battles to Prussia and the British. Louis XV had lost the bulk of his overseas empire, including Canada, and the economy was in collapse.
• 1:54
  The country lay in disarray, and the Beast of Gévaudan arrived at the perfect moment for a wounded nation to find an enemy it could actually fight.
• 2:04
  The first official victim was Jeanne Boulet, a 14-year-old shepherdess tending her flock near Les Hubacs on June 30th, 1764. She was buried the next day without sacraments because she could not confess before death.
• 2:19
  The burial certificate says she was killed by the ferocious beast, la Bete feroce.
• 2:24
  That certificate is the first official record of the terror, though an earlier attack had occurred two months before in the Mercoire forest near Langogne.
• 2:33
  A young woman tending cattle there was set upon by a creature she described as like a wolf, yet not a wolf. Only the bulls in her herd drove it off.
• 2:43
  She survived, but Jeanne Boulet did not, and after Boulet, the deaths never stopped. The parish priest who buried Boulet noted the absence of sacraments in the register.
• 2:54
  That absence tells us how fast the beast moved, and it tells us how little warning its victims had.
• 3:01
  The attacks continued through the summer and into the autumn without pause, and the province began to realize this was not an ordinary predator.
• 3:09
  A second girl, 14 years old, died on August 8th in the hamlet of Mas Méjean in the parish of Puy-la-Ronce. And by late 1764, the pattern was unmistakable.
• 3:21
  The beast targeted women and children almost exclusively, and it struck at dawn and at dusk when people were alone in the fields or forests with their livestock.
• 3:31
  The wounds were surgical, with throats torn out, heads gnawed off, and limbs mangled, and the remains of 16 victims were reportedly decapitated.
• 3:42
  The beast did not always eat what it killed, and often it simply mutilated the corpses and left them in the fields for the families to find. Parents stopped sending their children to tend flocks alone.
• 3:53
  The villages of Gévaudan began to live under a constant weight of fear that the crown did nothing to lift. A study conducted in 1987 estimated that over the full three-year span, there were 210 attacks.
• 4:07
  Those attacks resulted in 113 deaths and 49 injuries, and 98 of those killed were partly eaten. The killings covered an area of roughly 90 by 80 kilometers, 56 by 50 miles, and they were not random.
• 4:23
  They were systematic and consistent, and they were efficient in a way that left no room for accident or misunderstanding.
• 4:31
  No village was safe, and no road through the forest could be traveled without the risk of meeting something that should not have existed. The winters in Gévaudan were brutal, and the summers were barely kinder.
• 4:43
  Its inhabitants were shepherds, farmers, and woodcutters who knew the land intimately, and they knew a wolf when they saw one.
• 4:51
  What they described in 1764 was no wolf, and their descriptions would soon reach the desks of officials who also knew what wolves looked like.
• 5:01
  Those officials would write reports that contradicted the crown, and the crown would ignore them.
• 5:06
  Because political news was censored by the king, newspapers in France had to turn to other stories to bolster subscriptions.
• 5:14
  Francois Morenas, the creator of the Courrier d'Avignon, used a new type of reporting called faits divers to tell the tale.
• 5:23
  His stories of everyday incidents in small villages transformed the beast from a backwater calamity into a national affair. Before long, the terror was being reported from Boston to Brussels.
• 5:34
  The Beast of Gévaudan became one of history's first true media sensations, and the press coverage meant that every new attack fed a hungry public that demanded resolution.
• 5:44
  The more the crown failed, the more the newspapers sold, and the more the newspapers sold, the more the crown needed to win. The local response was swift but ineffective.
• 5:55
  Bounties were offered, and hunters combed the countryside looking for the creature.
• 6:00
  Etienne Lafont, a regional government delegate- And Captain Jean Baptiste Duhamel, a leader of the local infantry, organized the first concerted hunts.
• 6:11
  At one point, the number of volunteers under Duhamel rose to thirty thousand men.
• 6:16
  Duhamel organized them along military models, left poisoned bait, and even had some soldiers dress as peasant women in hopes of attracting the Beast.
• 6:25
  A reward for killing the Beast eventually equaled a year's salary for working men, which was six thousand livres, and still the animal eluded them.
• 6:34
  By late December Seventeen Sixty-Four, the Bishop of Mende, Gabriel-Florent de Choiseul-Beaupré, called for prayers and penance throughout his diocese.
• 6:45
  He described the Beast as a scourge sent by God to punish men for their sins, and his commandment spread through every parish.
• 6:53
  Priests announced it to their faithful, and prayers of forty hours devotion were observed for three consecutive Sundays.
• 7:00
  In spite of these divine pleas, the massacre continued, and the bishop's words only deepened the conviction that the creature was not natural.
• 7:08
  Lafont wrote in an early report that the creature was much bigger than a wolf. He wrote that it had a snout somewhat like a calf's, and he noted that its very long hair would seem to indicate a hyena.
• 7:20
  Duhamel described it as having a breast as wide as a horse, a body as long as a leopard's, and fur that was red with a black stripe.
• 7:28
  Duhamel concluded in writing that the creature was a monster hybrid, the father of which was a lion, and that what its mother was remained to be seen.
• 7:38
  On January 12th, Seventeen Sixty-Five, the Beast charged toward Jacques Portefaix and seven friends in a meadow near the village of Villere.
• 7:46
  The children ranged in age from eight to twelve, and after several attacks, they drove the creature away by staying grouped together and striking it with their pikes.
• 7:56
  Portefaix's courage was so admired that Louis XV paid for the boys' schooling from the royal treasury. These were not frightened children imagining demons.
• 8:05
  They were people who fought back with what they had, and they won. The Denevals, a father-son hunter duo from Normandy, arrived in February Seventeen Sixty-Five and announced they would eliminate the Beast.
• 8:17
  Jean Charal, the father of the duo, boasted he had already killed one thousand two hundred wolves, which was relevant information only if the predator was in fact a wolf.
• 8:27
  They were ultimately unsuccessful in their pursuit of the Beast. Marie-Jeanne Valet was about twenty years old and worked as a servant to the parish priest of Paulhac.
• 8:37
  On August 11th, Seventeen Sixty-Five, she was crossing a small stream with her sister and other peasant women when the Beast appeared.
• 8:45
  The women stepped back, but the Beast threw itself on Marie-Jeanne, and she managed to plant her spear into its chest.
• 8:52
  The Beast dropped into the river and disappeared into the woods, and Valet became known as the Maid of Gévaudan and the Amazon.
• 9:00
  Today, a statue still stands in her honor in the village of Auberre, showing a young woman with a spear in her hand.
• 9:07
  These peasants had done what thirty thousand volunteers and a father with one thousand two hundred wolf kills could not. They had looked the Beast in the eye and refused to run.
• 9:18
  When locals had outperformed every professional the crown had sent, Louis XV had no choice left but to dispatch someone from the palace itself.
• 9:27
  François Antoine, the king's seventy-one-year-old gun bearer and arquebus lieutenant of the hunt, had arrived in June Seventeen Sixty-Five.
• 9:36
  On September twentieth or twenty-first, he shot a large gray wolf near the Abbey of Chazes. The animal measured eighty centimeters high, one point seven meters long, and weighed sixty kilograms.
• 9:49
  Antoine officially declared that he had never seen a big wolf that could be compared to this one. He believed this could be the fearsome beast that had caused so much damage.
• 9:59
  The wolf was named Le Loup de Chazes, and its corpse was stuffed and sent to the palace at Versailles. It was exhibited in the Jardin du Roi.
• 10:08
  Antoine received over nine thousand livres, titles, and fame, and he returned to Paris a hero.
• 10:15
  But by December Seventeen Sixty-Five, attacks were reported near Saugs and Lauraciers, and witnesses said the new predator showed no fear of cattle at all. The court insisted Antoine had killed the Beast.
• 10:29
  For another eighteen months, thirty to thirty-five more people died. The eyewitness consensus from the period is remarkably consistent, and it does not describe a wolf.
• 10:40
  The creature was tawny or russet in color, with dark streaks across its coat and a black stripe running the length of its back. Its tail was longer than a wolf's and ended in a tuft.
• 10:51
  It was the size of a calf, and some witnesses said it was as large as a horse. Its head and legs were short-haired and the color of a deer, and it had talons on its feet.
• 11:02
  It could bound across fields toward its victims, and it hunted by ambush in the early morning and the late evening.
• 11:08
  Some witnesses even claimed it walked on its hind legs, that its hide could repel bullets, and that it had fire in its eyes.
• 11:17
  Sixteen of the victims were found without their heads, which is not something a wolf typically does. The Beast attacked with formidable teeth and claws, and it appeared to seize its prey by the throat.
• 11:28
  It chose women and children who were easier to isolate, and it killed with a precision that suggested intent rather than the opportunistic feeding of a starving predator. The bodies were not simply eaten.
• 11:41
  They were arranged in a way that suggested something more calculating than hunger. The killer was not scavenging. It was hunting people, and the records say it hunted them with a focus that no wolf has ever shown.
• 11:54
  By June Seventeen Sixty-Seven, the locals had stopped waiting for Versailles. A sudden outbreak of attacks in early spring compelled the Marquis d'Apcher, a local nobleman, to organize his own hunt.
• 12:06
  On June 19th, 1767, Jean Chastel shot a creature on the slopes of Mount Mouchet. Chastel was a local farmer and hunter who had been involved in previous hunts.
• 12:19
  He had even been imprisoned by François Antoine for leading men into a bog. But on that day, with a single shot, he brought the terror to an end.
• 12:28
  The peasants of Gévaudan had solved the problem their king could not solve, and they had done it without royal permission. The autopsy the next day confirmed human remains in the stomach and non-wolf anatomy.
• 12:41
  Marron's observations went further than the stomach contents.
• 12:44
  He noted the skull was disproportionately large and heavy, with a pronounced bony ridge running along the top, the kind of sagittal crest you see in animals built to crush bone rather than chase prey across open ground.
• 12:57
  The leg joints showed an unusual degree of rotation, suggesting a range of movement beyond what a wolf skeleton allows.
• 13:05
  Most striking was a membranous third eyelid, a nictitating membrane, that Marron documented in the corner of each eye. Wolves don't have one. Cats do.
• 13:15
  So do lions, hyenas, and certain other carnivores that are not native to the mountains of South Central France. This was not the same animal Antoine had killed, stuffed, and sent to Versailles in 1765.
• 13:30
  The Courrier d'Avignon had already mocked the crown's impotence in the face of a simple animal. Silence was safer than honesty. The crown chose silence, and the archives chose to forget.
• 13:41
  The monarchy possessed evidence that this creature was not a wolf. It suppressed that evidence instead of confessing its own failure because the truth was dangerous.
• 13:52
  Two hundred and fifty years later, the parish registers, the burial certificates, Duhamel's letters, and Marron's autopsy report still describe something that does not match Canis lupus.
• 14:03
  The records were not written by cryptid enthusiasts. They were written by priests, notaries, soldiers, and regional officials who had no reason to invent a monster and who only wrote down what they saw.
• 14:17
  The truth did not die on Mount Mouchet. It was filed away and forgotten. If official records from the 1760s can hide an animal that science still cannot identify, the question is not what else history got wrong.
• 14:34
  It is what else is still sitting in archives, waiting for someone to read it properly. Subscribe to Midnight Signals for the next transmission. And if you hear something in the dark, don't answer it. [piano music]