Latest / The Light Medicine Podcast / Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer | Ep. 20 with Dr. Michael Weber

Transcript

Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer | Ep. 20 with Dr. Michael Weber · The Light Medicine Podcast

• 0:00
  SPEAKER_02: Hello and welcome everybody to a new episode of our Light Medicine Podcast.
• 0:04
  SPEAKER_02: Yeah, today I'm very happy that we finally have my father, Dr.
• 0:08
  SPEAKER_02: Michael Weber, as our guest on my podcast today.
• 0:13
  SPEAKER_02: That's obviously very important as he is um yeah like the founder of modern photobiomodulation and photodynamic therapy as well.
• 0:24
  SPEAKER_02: So he is the founder of our Weber Medical Company.
• 0:29
  SPEAKER_02: He is the inventor of the multi-channel IV laser system.
• 0:34
  SPEAKER_02: He is like the leading researcher in the field of photodynamic cancer therapy and still the medical director of our clinic for integrative cancer therapy and regenerative therapy.
• 0:47
  SPEAKER_02: So most of the protocols and product developments we already discussed during the last episodes are actually invented or at least influenced by him in a significant way, and therefore we are very happy that he is going to share his knowledge today with his main focus on cancer therapy.
• 1:09
  SPEAKER_02: We decided to do it in a presentation form again, so not like asking questions from my side.
• 1:15
  SPEAKER_02: So he will just present his work, his protocols on modern integrative cancer therapy with photodynamic therapy, show you a little bit again about the basics, the fundamentals, the mechanisms, and of course everything about the clinical protocols, the success rates, the case studies.
• 1:37
  SPEAKER_02: So yeah, I think this will be a very interesting presentation.
• 1:40
  SPEAKER_02: So if you are currently listening on Spotify, I recommend go on YouTube, watch the presentation because there are a lot of um pictures included and a lot of yeah, very interesting stuff about cancer therapy.
• 1:55
  SPEAKER_02: So I will now yeah, give the word to him and thank you again for being our guest today.
• 2:10
  SPEAKER_01: Hello, my name is Dr.
• 2:12
  SPEAKER_01: Michael Weber from Germany.
• 2:15
  SPEAKER_01: Uh I'm the leader of a specific laser center here in Germany.
• 2:20
  SPEAKER_01: We are tweeting here mostly malignant diseases, means cancer patients with different new methods and special uh laser machines, what we have developed here in Germany.
• 2:36
  SPEAKER_01: So the topics of my lecture today are first explanation of the basic principles of photodynamic therapy, so a little bit about the theory, what we are doing in these treatments.
• 2:51
  SPEAKER_01: I will present and explain different photosynthesizers which were used in the past, but especially also modern ones, what we have developed recently here in Germany.
• 3:05
  SPEAKER_01: Then we go to the specific treatments.
• 3:09
  SPEAKER_01: First of all, uh, we can treat photodynamic therapy from external, you know, especially skin diseases, so we call it external PDT.
• 3:20
  SPEAKER_01: Um, but when we want to treat deeper seated tumors, uh we need a special specific new technology, we call it uh interstitial PDT.
• 3:32
  SPEAKER_01: In this kind of treatments, we use um special fiber optic needles or uh cannulas, uh, what we can insert directly into the body means into the tumor directly, or maybe what we can insert in uh inner organs like bladder, um, mouth, esophagus, lungs, uh, colon, or stomach.
• 4:00
  SPEAKER_01: Then I will present the newest development of photosynthesizers.
• 4:06
  SPEAKER_01: First of all, the so-called liposomal endocyanine green, what we used in the last five years, and then especially the new exosomal endosanine green, what we are using now mainly for our treatments.
• 4:23
  SPEAKER_01: Um, in some short ones, uh, I will explain the so-called sonodynamic therapy.
• 4:29
  SPEAKER_01: So when we apply photosensitizers to a body, and the photosynthesizers will uh accumulate in malignant cells, we can stimulate them with light.
• 4:41
  SPEAKER_01: So this is photodynamic therapy, and we can stimulate them with ultrasound, therapeutic ultrasound, what we call sonodynamic therapy, to achieve similar effects.
• 4:54
  SPEAKER_01: And at the end, what is uh most important, some words for combination of photodynamic therapy with immunotherapy.
• 5:06
  SPEAKER_01: So, um, what are the basic principles of photodynamic therapy?
• 5:10
  SPEAKER_01: First of all, we have really to distinguish so-called phototherapy and photodynamic therapy.
• 5:18
  SPEAKER_01: Phototherapy, what we also call today photobiomodulation therapy, is more regenerative therapy.
• 5:27
  SPEAKER_01: So we use light, what we can bring into the body, into organs or into the bloodstream, to uh stimulate uh mitochondria, and we want to regenerate organs or the body.
• 5:40
  SPEAKER_01: Photodynamic therapy is just the opposite.
• 5:43
  SPEAKER_01: We want to destroy something in the body, so we induce a dynamics which we use to destroy cells, but in this case, bed cells means cancer cells.
• 5:56
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, so that is something what we have really to distinguish.
• 6:01
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, the principle is not difficult to understand.
• 6:05
  SPEAKER_01: Um we apply there's a patient, maybe a lady with a breast cancer, and we give a photosensitizer to the body, either in the bloodstream or maybe inject directly into the tumor.
• 6:19
  SPEAKER_01: And then we use a specific light, uh, a specific wavelength means color, uh, according to the so-called absorption spectrum of the sensitizer, and we bring the photosensitizer to an excited state, and then the photosensitizer will transfer the energy to tissue oxygen, we produce free radicals, uh, and this will destroy malignant cells.
• 6:47
  SPEAKER_01: So you see, these are the main conditions.
• 6:50
  SPEAKER_01: We need a good photosensitizer, which really targets the tumor and will accumulate inside.
• 6:57
  SPEAKER_01: Then we use need a really good light, what we have to bring into the treatment area, and we have to uh have enough tissue oxygen that we can get tissue uh oxygen radicals and other hydroxy uh oxygen radicals.
• 7:20
  SPEAKER_01: So we can use photodynamic therapy for cancer, we call it antitumor PDT, but we also cannot use it for uh destruction of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, or other kinds of uh microorganisms in the body.
• 7:40
  SPEAKER_01: But today we speak about uh tumor treatment.
• 7:44
  SPEAKER_01: So the mechanism is a little bit more complicated than what I showed you in the picture before.
• 7:53
  SPEAKER_01: But it is it looks complicated, but it's not.
• 7:56
  SPEAKER_01: So we have the photosensitizer here in the ground singlet state, and then we give the right light here on the left side, and we bring the sensitizer on an excited uh state.
• 8:09
  SPEAKER_01: So different things can happen now.
• 8:12
  SPEAKER_01: First of all, the light comes back, a little bit of this light, not all, in a different wavelength.
• 8:18
  SPEAKER_01: Lower energy means higher wavelengths.
• 8:21
  SPEAKER_01: And um we call this fluorescence, what we can use for diagnostics.
• 8:27
  SPEAKER_01: Then we we get we will go into a so-called excited triplet state.
• 8:33
  SPEAKER_01: The light can come back again with a lower energy and even higher wavelengths.
• 8:41
  SPEAKER_01: We call it phosphorescence, what we also use for diagnostic.
• 8:45
  SPEAKER_01: And then the main procedure now is the development of uh singlet oxygen or uh hydroxy oxygen radicals, which are all uh used to destroy the malignant cells.
• 9:03
  SPEAKER_01: The interesting thing is when we kill tumor cells, we also can kill the blood the blood supplying vessels, uh, which gives the brings the energy and and glucose, everything to the tumor.
• 9:19
  SPEAKER_01: So we also can damage this, but also we stimulate in the same step uh the immune system.
• 9:27
  SPEAKER_01: And that's exactly the difference when we compare photodynamic therapy to chemotherapy.
• 9:34
  SPEAKER_01: So I'm not against chemotherapy, but sometimes even we combine both methods.
• 9:40
  SPEAKER_01: But the main difference is that uh we destroy tumor cells in the same step we uh we stimulate and enhance the immune system.
• 9:50
  SPEAKER_01: So at the end, a cancer patient can only can only uh overcome the disease and maybe get healthy when we are able to stimulate and not destroy the immune system.
• 10:05
  SPEAKER_01: So this is a typical uh treatment.
• 10:09
  SPEAKER_01: We give the photosynthesizer mostly intravenously, especially for inner cancer.
• 10:14
  SPEAKER_01: Uh it needs a certain time, mostly two, three hours, till the substance will accumulate into the tumor, in this case here in uh the throat, and then we uh will uh treat with in this case with red light uh to um to enhance this uh photodynamic uh reaction and the destruction by this uh uh oxygen radicals, what I showed you already.
• 10:46
  SPEAKER_01: So you can see here in the middle line how it's working, and on the bottom you can see how the tumor will be destroyed by um necrosis and apoptosis.
• 10:59
  SPEAKER_01: And in the last step, you see on the bottom on the right side, we have already the uh the beginning of the immunological process.
• 11:07
  SPEAKER_01: So um the destroyed cell membranes, everything that comes out from the destroyed tumor cell will um like antigenes, taken up by dendritic cells.
• 11:21
  SPEAKER_01: The dendritic cells will uh produce the antigens to so-called T cells, and the T cells, the activated T cells, will then uh destroy the rest of the tumor.
• 11:32
  SPEAKER_01: So you can see it in this picture.
• 11:35
  SPEAKER_01: We have a tumor, the three tumor cells here on the left side, uh, integrated already the sensitizer.
• 11:42
  SPEAKER_01: We give the right light, and then we get the so-called DAMP, damaged material patterns, which work as antigenes.
• 11:50
  SPEAKER_01: They were taken up by dendritic cells and then presented to T cells.
• 11:56
  SPEAKER_01: And at the end, uh we have the so-called adaptive immune system.
• 12:01
  SPEAKER_01: But we will speak about this a little bit uh more in detail later.
• 12:06
  SPEAKER_01: So, what are the main effects of PDT on the immune system?
• 12:11
  SPEAKER_01: Photodynamic therapy is capable of inducing an acute inflammation.
• 12:15
  SPEAKER_01: That's also interesting.
• 12:17
  SPEAKER_01: We uh have different cells besides uh the immune system, the immune process, we induce the acute inflammation, which also contributes to destroy the rest of the tumor.
• 12:33
  SPEAKER_01: So PDT also is capable of inducing immunogenic cell death, which stimulates the immune response.
• 12:40
  SPEAKER_01: The antigens are taken up by antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells, yeah, and these cells then travel to secondary lymphoid organs in order to present those antigens to T cells and bring them in an activated state.
• 12:55
  SPEAKER_01: And activated T cells, as well as monocytes, must cells, neutrophiles, are recruited to the tumor microenvironment, resulting in inflammation.
• 13:05
  SPEAKER_01: And uh, especially the T cells then can travel to the rest of the tumor or maybe any metastasis in the body.
• 13:15
  SPEAKER_01: We call this abscopal effect to uh to destroy them.
• 13:21
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, here in again we have a similar picture, what I showed you already.
• 13:26
  SPEAKER_01: We have the tumor here with the supplying blood vessels, with the photosensitizer, we give the PDT laser, we induce apoptosis and necrosis.
• 13:38
  SPEAKER_01: Uh, then on the damaged material will be taken up by dendritic cells, which uh travel to uh to the lymphoid organs and then present to T cells, activate the T cells, and they all together uh lead to an inflammatory process and also later to the so-called adaptive immune system, uh, which will destroy the rest of tumor cells which are um anywhere in the body.
• 14:09
  SPEAKER_01: So, what makes uh the PDT very effective?
• 14:14
  SPEAKER_01: That's the main problem.
• 14:15
  SPEAKER_01: You know, when you look in the internet, you will find thousands of publications already from the last 30, 40 years that PDT is regarded as the best treatment for cancer.
• 14:28
  SPEAKER_01: And there is no doubt that this therapy is working.
• 14:32
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 14:33
  SPEAKER_01: But uh everywhere you can read this, but everywhere you can also read the PDT has its limitations.
• 14:41
  SPEAKER_01: So when the tumor is deeper in the body, um and the photosynthesizer won't accumulate, there's not enough oxygen, then the therapy is not working.
• 14:52
  SPEAKER_01: So we have to find out the right condition that PDT is working.
• 14:58
  SPEAKER_01: So it depends on several variables like dose type and cellular localization of the photosynthesizer, the intensity, duration, and wavelength of light available of oxygens.
• 15:11
  SPEAKER_01: You see, we have to make sure that we can we really have good conditions and that this therapy is working at the end.
• 15:19
  SPEAKER_01: So, first of all, we need a machine with the which can supply us with different wavelengths, like here green and yellow and red, blue, infrared, so that we have all colors available.
• 15:32
  SPEAKER_01: And for those kinds of treatment, we have developed in Germany uh the so-called endolaser with 12 channels for 12 different lasers, and now the new certified device, the so-called combi laser with 16 channels.
• 15:50
  SPEAKER_01: So you can you can treat up to 60 channels at the same time.
• 15:57
  SPEAKER_01: And this is very important, especially if you want to treat a big tumor with maybe 10 fiber optic needles inside.
• 16:06
  SPEAKER_01: Normally you need 10 machines, you know, but you can all this do this with one machine.
• 16:12
  SPEAKER_01: And we have all these different lasers now available, everything developed in the last 20 years.
• 16:18
  SPEAKER_01: We have ultraviolet, different blue, green, yellow, different red lasers, and different infrared lasers.
• 16:25
  SPEAKER_01: So we have the full spectrum, what we can use in our therapy.
• 16:30
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and then the next problem is, oh sorry, I have to go back.
• 16:35
  SPEAKER_01: The next problem is that the penetration depth of lasers from the surface, so when you give the laser to the skin and hope the light will penetrate deeply into the body, it's not working very well, you know, especially short wavelengths like blue or green or yellow will not penetrate more than a millimeter.
• 16:59
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and red infrared can penetrate maybe two, three, four centimeters.
• 17:04
  SPEAKER_01: But everything that is deeper in the body, you will not reach it with your therapy.
• 17:09
  SPEAKER_01: That's one of the main limitations.
• 17:11
  SPEAKER_01: But let's speak first of uh external treatments.
• 17:15
  SPEAKER_01: So for this, we can use so-called laser needles.
• 17:18
  SPEAKER_01: These are fiber optics, you see, what we can put maybe in a shower head and then irradiate on the skin, and we treat skin diseases or maybe in the mouth.
• 17:30
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, but when we want to treat deeper into the body, yeah, and we cannot achieve this from the uh the outside from the skin, we have to use fiber optic needles in different lengths.
• 17:43
  SPEAKER_01: We can use so-called butterflies with two centimeter lengths, or long needles up to 12 centimeters.
• 17:50
  SPEAKER_01: And that's the only possibility to bring the light deep enough in the body there where the tumor is, but we cannot do from outside.
• 18:00
  SPEAKER_01: So, some words to photosensitizers.
• 18:03
  SPEAKER_01: All the current photosensitizers, which are used in nearly all publications from the last 40 years, are developed on the so-called porin molecule.
• 18:14
  SPEAKER_01: And the porfyrin molecule is the basic molecule of our hem.
• 18:18
  SPEAKER_01: In the middle is the iron in our hemoglobin, you know this, or from the magnesium, magnesium in the so-called chlorophyll molecule.
• 18:27
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and uh the the current photosensitizers are all developed on porphyrines and even approved for different kinds of cast cancers, cervical cancer, bronchial cancer, esophagic cancer, but only on the surface of the first millimeters, because the porphyrin molecule absorbs only red light, and the penetration depth of red light is not more than maximum one to two centimeters.
• 18:56
  SPEAKER_01: So everything is deeper, you cannot treat.
• 18:59
  SPEAKER_01: So, some words to natural photosensitizers, we use fiverminoleinic acid in a cream.
• 19:08
  SPEAKER_01: This is the basic molecule of our hair molecule.
• 19:11
  SPEAKER_01: So there uh when you want to make the porphyrin from this, you have to put eight together, then you have the porphyrin.
• 19:18
  SPEAKER_01: But this uh uh molecule, which is produced in our own cells everywhere, is available as a cream.
• 19:27
  SPEAKER_01: So we can use it for skin diseases, and according to the absorption spectrum, we can use blue and red light.
• 19:37
  SPEAKER_01: Everybody knows curcumine.
• 19:40
  SPEAKER_01: Curcumine um uh when you look at the spectrum, it absorbs with 447 blue light.
• 19:47
  SPEAKER_01: And remember the picture what I showed you penetration depth of blue light is only some millimeters.
• 19:54
  SPEAKER_01: So treatment with the laser from outside with cook after curcumin application is very difficult.
• 20:01
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, we have hypericene from the so-called St.
• 20:05
  SPEAKER_01: John's Wat plant.
• 20:06
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, it's a yellow plant.
• 20:08
  SPEAKER_01: The extract is red and works with yellow light.
• 20:11
  SPEAKER_01: So this is available as drops or tablets.
• 20:15
  SPEAKER_01: Um, but yellow also has a penetration depth, maybe only from two or maximum three centimeters.
• 20:23
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, another natural photosynthesizer is the so-called sodium copper chlorophylline.
• 20:29
  SPEAKER_01: You know, the normal chlorophyll, uh, what we have in the green plants uh cannot be used as photosynthesizer because it's not absorbed in the bloodstream.
• 20:40
  SPEAKER_01: But when you change it, the molecule instead of magnesium copper in the center and with sodium here, then uh you can use it uh as a supplement, you know, uh, for treatments.
• 20:54
  SPEAKER_01: Other natural photosensitized fucocyanine from bluespur liner is has an absorption of 635 red laser.
• 21:05
  SPEAKER_01: Uh riboflavin is very interesting.
• 21:08
  SPEAKER_01: This is vitamin B2, and it works with uh uh ultraviolet 75 nanometers and blue four in 47 nanometers, and it's a wonderful photosynthesizer to destroy bacteria and viruses, even in the bloodstream.
• 21:26
  SPEAKER_01: And everybody knows methylene blue.
• 21:29
  SPEAKER_01: This is a synthetic drug, it's not really natural, but also can be used in treatment.
• 21:35
  SPEAKER_01: Absorption is 660, uh, similar like the porphyrines in red light.
• 21:42
  SPEAKER_01: So, currently used photosynthesizers.
• 21:45
  SPEAKER_01: This is a short overview.
• 21:47
  SPEAKER_01: We use chlorine E6, derivative from the chlorophyll, works with 660 nanometers.
• 21:54
  SPEAKER_01: Interesting is endocyanine green.
• 21:57
  SPEAKER_01: We speak about this a little bit later.
• 22:00
  SPEAKER_01: Hypericene with yellow, cocumin with blue, riboflavin blue, and also ultraviolet, methylene blue with red light, and fiveraminoleinic acid also with red light.
• 22:12
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, first of all, now we come a little bit more to practical things.
• 22:16
  SPEAKER_01: Let's speak about uh topical PDT.
• 22:19
  SPEAKER_01: And especially for uh PDT of the skin, this therapy is already approved in many countries, even here in Germany.
• 22:28
  SPEAKER_01: So we can use this cream.
• 22:31
  SPEAKER_01: And if somebody has uh a spot on the skin, can be basal cell cancer, can be uh actinic keratosis, you can put a little bit of the cream on it, let it work three hours, and then treat uh with red laser.
• 22:48
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, you see, this patient has a uh a basal cell carcinoma on the nose and was already six operated, but it comes back all the time.
• 22:59
  SPEAKER_01: And you see, this is what I told you before.
• 23:02
  SPEAKER_01: We can give blue laser after three hours, and then we can use it at diagnostic, and we get the so-called red fluorescence.
• 23:14
  SPEAKER_01: So we can control um the uh the extension of the of the of the tumor.
• 23:20
  SPEAKER_01: Then we treat with red light.
• 23:22
  SPEAKER_01: Same this lady here has also uh uh basal cell carcinoma on the nose.
• 23:30
  SPEAKER_01: And here you see the red fluorescence with blue light, and then treatment with red light, and the next day, of course, it looks terrible.
• 23:39
  SPEAKER_01: Uh it looks like a sunburn, but it's not, and after uh two or three days uh the old skin will peel off and the new healthy skin will come.
• 23:58
  SPEAKER_01: Uh this patient has uh a problem below the tongue, and after application, also you can see with blue light the red fluorescence, or this lady has skin metastasis from breast cancer.
• 24:12
  SPEAKER_01: Um, here we can use the diagnostic with blue and the treatment with red light.
• 24:19
  SPEAKER_01: This patient had um cancer, breast cancer, and uh also here we can see that there's still active cancer in this wound.
• 24:28
  SPEAKER_01: Very interesting is cervical dysplasia, which is very common in women, even in younger women.
• 24:34
  SPEAKER_01: Here you can see the uh the changes of the superficial skin, and you know that cervical dysplasia can be uh the precursor of cervical cancer.
• 24:47
  SPEAKER_01: And uh, so this can be uh treated very well with this cream.
• 24:52
  SPEAKER_01: So we put maybe with the Porto cap this cream on the cervical, on the cervix, and then with the cream, and uh then we can treat and we use today a special device what we have developed.
• 25:07
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, it uh supplies with uh red red laser red light, blue light, and also infrared light.
• 25:14
  SPEAKER_01: It covers all the full spectrum of the different photosensitizers.
• 25:18
  SPEAKER_01: Uh after some hours, we can put it inside, and then uh with a high degree uh success rate, we can treat this uh cervical dysplasia.
• 25:31
  SPEAKER_01: So we use infrared light 810, blue light uh 407, and red light 635 millimeter uh nanometers, and you see it looks like this.
• 25:44
  SPEAKER_01: Only five to ten minutes treatment is good enough.
• 25:47
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, but this um this amino levelinic acid is not only available uh as a cream, so it's also available as a drinking solution.
• 25:57
  SPEAKER_01: So it's really uh deeper cancers we can use as a drinker, uh drinking solution, and the neurosurgeons they use it all already diagnostically before they want to remove um a brain tumor.
• 26:12
  SPEAKER_01: And they give the drinking solution three hours before they open the head to the patients, even to children, and then after opening, they can uh irritate with blue light and can see the uh the margins of the tumor by using the blue light for diagnostic.
• 26:30
  SPEAKER_01: So when the skin disease is a little bit bigger, uh then we not only use the cream, we give the drinking solution here.
• 26:39
  SPEAKER_01: You can see in this patient the big fluorescence.
• 26:42
  SPEAKER_01: He also was operated already several times.
• 26:45
  SPEAKER_01: And then the redness and the reaction in the wound area, also in this lady with the bigger uh basaloma here on the cheek, and here again the fluorescence treatment with red light, and it looks like this uh in the next day.
• 27:05
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, I also treated this patient several times.
• 27:08
  SPEAKER_01: It looked terrible, big uh basal cell cancer.
• 27:13
  SPEAKER_01: The eye was okay, yeah, but he could not open here in this case.
• 27:17
  SPEAKER_01: So we treated him several times with chlorine, we used ALA cream, drinkable ALA.
• 27:25
  SPEAKER_01: Then we looked for the fluorescence.
• 27:27
  SPEAKER_01: Here you can see the red fluorescence, and here you can see the irradiation with red light.
• 27:36
  SPEAKER_01: So we had to cover the eye.
• 27:40
  SPEAKER_01: So we used the single fiber optics uh for the treatment, and we had some success already.
• 27:49
  SPEAKER_01: Some days later, it looked a little bit better, but still there was a big swelling around, and uh you could not really open the eyes.
• 27:59
  SPEAKER_01: But then later, when we combined uh LA with chlorine 6, it started healing.
• 28:06
  SPEAKER_01: So you see, at the end we achieved the wonderful effect uh and a regeneration of this area, and he can drive again the car and can use his eye.
• 28:17
  SPEAKER_01: So, but these are all external diseases.
• 28:21
  SPEAKER_01: But what happens?
• 28:22
  SPEAKER_01: What we have to do when the tumor is deeper in the body, yeah, anywhere, in the lung, in the stomach, or in the liver, or anywhere else in the body.
• 28:32
  SPEAKER_01: So then we have to treat invasively.
• 28:36
  SPEAKER_01: So we have to inject the photosynthesizer.
• 28:39
  SPEAKER_01: This will go into the bloodstream, and then after a certain time, we hope it's not always like this, but we hope the tumor, the photosynthesizer will accumulate in the tumor.
• 28:53
  SPEAKER_01: And the interesting thing is, you know, a lot of patients uh have circulating tumor cells.
• 28:58
  SPEAKER_01: They have a tumor in the breast or in the liver, but still circulating tumor cells, which might then lead to a relapse uh sometimes years later.
• 29:08
  SPEAKER_01: So after this infusion or injection of the sensitizer, uh it is in the bloodstream, then through the same needle, we give intravenous laser with all spectral colors to eliminate circulating tumor cells and tumor stem cells.
• 29:29
  SPEAKER_01: So this is always a step in our therapy.
• 29:32
  SPEAKER_01: And when we look at chlorine E6 with absorption maximum around 660, then when the tumor here is all it's, for example, here in this area, after three, four hours, we can irritate with around 15 minutes, we generate singlet oxygen, and then we achieve necrosis and aptosis.
• 29:53
  SPEAKER_01: But only when the tumor is not such deep, yeah, because yeah, when we um give chlorine 6 with red laser, we will not achieve more than two centimeters penetration depth.
• 30:07
  SPEAKER_01: So, one example here is this patient, he had um uh a cancer here in the mouth.
• 30:13
  SPEAKER_01: We cannot even see, it's only a small scar from the biopsy, and we gave chlorine6.
• 30:20
  SPEAKER_01: Also, we could make the fluorescence diagnostic here.
• 30:23
  SPEAKER_01: You see exactly the distribution of the tumor.
• 30:26
  SPEAKER_01: Then we treat with red laser 660 nanometers, and the next day you can see the necrotic area already.
• 30:35
  SPEAKER_01: So, because this tumor is not deep, it is right below the skin, so it's working very well.
• 30:43
  SPEAKER_01: And uh, you know, with the red laser we can penetrate maybe two centimeters, yeah.
• 30:49
  SPEAKER_01: But when you look at the shorter wavelength, mostly not more than two or three millimeters, only red and infrared laser have a deeper penetration.
• 30:58
  SPEAKER_01: But anyway, it's limited when you look at chlorine about two centimeters.
• 31:04
  SPEAKER_01: Everything is what is deeper, we cannot treat it from outside.
• 31:09
  SPEAKER_01: So we need so-called interstitial photodynamic therapy.
• 31:13
  SPEAKER_01: What does interstitial mean?
• 31:15
  SPEAKER_01: We have to bring the laser deeper into the body by using fiber optic needles, what we can connect to the laser machines, what I showed you already.
• 31:26
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and we have small needles like butterfly with two centimeter length, and we have uh the blue cannulas or maybe longer cannulas from four up to 12 centimeters, and the laser comes out at the end.
• 31:44
  SPEAKER_01: You know, we connect as um fiber optics to the laser cable, yeah.
• 31:51
  SPEAKER_01: And the fire is this is a fiber optics from plastic, sterile fiber optics, what we insert into a needle, what will then uh go into the tumor or in the tumor environment directly.
• 32:04
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and um, there are different types of needles.
• 32:07
  SPEAKER_01: So, in one of the first publications about 20 years ago, especially when they had bigger tumors, they put a lot of fiber optic needles inside.
• 32:16
  SPEAKER_01: But anyway, mostly when the tumor is bigger, you will not uh reach all the different uh areas of this tumor.
• 32:24
  SPEAKER_01: So, in another publication from 2017, they showed that uh a spherical irradiating needles, which only uh irradiates at the end, you know, and fills up the whole tumor with light, is much better than a single fiber optics, but only make a small spot inside.
• 32:45
  SPEAKER_01: So today we prefer to use this kind of needles in our therapy.
• 32:50
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and this is a typical fiber optic needles with a spherical irradiation, which makes a circular uh distribution of light into the tumor.
• 33:00
  SPEAKER_01: And this is a typical case of a patient with uh multiple nodes of a thyroid uh cancer with different interstitial needles, or this lady with uh breast cancer.
• 33:15
  SPEAKER_01: There's uh one very special fiber optics what we also have developed and are using very often.
• 33:22
  SPEAKER_01: This is a orthoplastic sterile fiber optics, which is connected to the laser at the end.
• 33:30
  SPEAKER_01: And of the end of this fiber optics, you see there are two marks.
• 33:34
  SPEAKER_01: We have a circular irradiation only at the end, yeah, with red light or infrared light.
• 33:41
  SPEAKER_01: And we can put this, for example, in a catheter in a bladder, we can put it in the urethra for prostate cancer.
• 33:49
  SPEAKER_01: We can put it in the rectum, in the oesophagus, or in the bronchial system.
• 33:53
  SPEAKER_01: This is a wonderful tool to bring the light into distribution in the whole area here for rectal treatment or umesophagal cancer, we can uh put it into an endoscope and then treat uh oesophagal cancer right from inside.
• 34:13
  SPEAKER_01: But uh there was a great development of photosensitizer since 2018.
• 34:19
  SPEAKER_01: I told you most of the older photosensitizers developed on the pothree molecule, limitation, uh, one to two centimeters penetration depth.
• 34:31
  SPEAKER_01: And that's the problem of all publications, you know.
• 34:34
  SPEAKER_01: They all always speak about the limitations that we cannot treat the deeper tumors in the liver, in anywhere in the body, in the kidneys or anywhere, because we cannot bring the light deeply enough inside the body.
• 34:50
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, there is a new development in 2018.
• 34:54
  SPEAKER_01: There is one photosensitizer.
• 34:56
  SPEAKER_01: This is the name is endocyanine green.
• 35:00
  SPEAKER_01: This is the only sensitizer which has an absorption maximum in the infrared, near-infrared range, 810 nanometers.
• 35:09
  SPEAKER_01: And when you remember on the different diagrams, infrared near-infrared laser has the deepest penetration, even from outside, four or five centimeters, but especially also from inside.
• 35:21
  SPEAKER_01: So this was a huge step forward that we uh had this substance available in um a special uh infusion.
• 35:31
  SPEAKER_01: Um in the beginning, we used uh the so-called liposomes, so we put it in special uh kind of nanoparticles that it will stay longer in the body because the pure clean, the pure uh endosanine green, what is used for a long time for fluid intense diagnostic in the body, only stays for 30 minutes and then it's already gone through the kidneys.
• 35:56
  SPEAKER_01: So you have to bring the substance in smaller, in small nanometers, we call them nanoparticles like liposomes or exosomes, that uh it stays much longer in the circulation and then can also have enough time to accumulate in malignant tissue.
• 36:13
  SPEAKER_01: Here you see the absorption spectrum in the infrared range around 800 nanometers.
• 36:20
  SPEAKER_01: And what is also important, infrared light or can penetrate bones.
• 36:25
  SPEAKER_01: So even when we have bone metastasis uh on the spine or anywhere else in the body, we have a chance to bring enough uh laser light into the bone tissue.
• 36:39
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, that's what I told you before.
• 36:41
  SPEAKER_01: The endocyanin green, we have to bring it inside specific carrier nanoparticles.
• 36:47
  SPEAKER_01: We can use so-called mice or liposomes uh or similar ones.
• 36:53
  SPEAKER_01: And you see, the the endocyanine green is a hydrophilic substance which is in the core of the liposomes.
• 37:02
  SPEAKER_01: So we also can use other substances which are hydrophobic, which can uh be uh transported in the double layer membrane, but uh the endocyanine green will be absorbed in the core here inside, and then we can use this uh liposomes with integrated endocyanine green for infusion.
• 37:24
  SPEAKER_01: And then it's always the question: why does it go only in two tumor cells and not in healthy cells?
• 37:30
  SPEAKER_01: Because we don't want to accumulate it in healthy cells, which then will be destroyed.
• 37:35
  SPEAKER_01: We know that healthy cells have uh a very intact uh membrane, you know, in the these uh in the so-called endothel.
• 37:45
  SPEAKER_01: And in difference, the uh the tumor uh microcapillaries, you know, they have small holes inside, yeah, so that the bigger particle can go into the tumor tissue, but not into the healthy tissue.
• 38:00
  SPEAKER_01: And we call this effect enhanced penetration and retention effect.
• 38:06
  SPEAKER_01: So from 2018, for the next uh four or five years, we treated mainly with the so-called we call it nano-ICG, and also here with interstitial laser therapy.
• 38:20
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, we use special cameras so it appears pink in this picture because it's infrared normal, you cannot see it.
• 38:27
  SPEAKER_01: And we have in some cases uh quite good success.
• 38:32
  SPEAKER_01: For example, in this uh lung patient.
• 38:36
  SPEAKER_01: You can see we put the fiber optics into the bronchial system and irradiate it from inside.
• 38:43
  SPEAKER_01: Here you see the epiglottis.
• 38:52
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, then when we uh when we switch on the infrared laser, it's shown here like uh a green shining.
• 39:01
  SPEAKER_01: We also use it uh several times in rectal cancer, so we can put it inside.
• 39:06
  SPEAKER_01: You see again the marks, and then we achieve this circular irradiation, what I told you already.
• 39:12
  SPEAKER_01: So it worked quite well in some cases, but not in all cases.
• 39:17
  SPEAKER_01: And we always try to improve our therapy.
• 39:20
  SPEAKER_01: And today um there's a lot of research um so-called exosomes.
• 39:27
  SPEAKER_01: Also, exosomes are like liposomes, what I showed you before, uh, some small nanoparticles, you know, but exosomes are not artificial fatty drops like liposomes, they are uh small vesicles, you know, what are coming out, for example, from stem cells, you know, and these are not cells, but these small vesicles, and they were used long time, even today, in regenerative medicine because they have a lot of uh uh anti-inflammatory effects, uh, they have a lot of growth factors, everything inside.
• 40:00
  SPEAKER_01: But exosomes are also an excellent carrier system which can target uh tumor cells better than liposomes.
• 40:10
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, so the therapeutic efficacy of PDT is limited and often accompanied by side effects, largely due to non-specific delivery of photosensitizers.
• 40:21
  SPEAKER_01: Uh exosomes, exocellular vesicles are a type of nanoparticles released from cells as a natural drug delivery system.
• 40:32
  SPEAKER_01: So it can serve as a natural carrier system for therapeutic uh agents and drugs and have many advantages over conventional nanocurrents like uh liposomes, yeah.
• 40:48
  SPEAKER_01: So exosomes, they have uh, in contrast to liposomes, they have specific receptors, you know, on the surface uh which can then uh um which then can can stick uh on cancer cells and uh and then bring passively but also actively the photosensitizer which is accumulated inside inside the tumor cells.
• 41:17
  SPEAKER_01: And Dexmate makes it so um so interesting.
• 41:21
  SPEAKER_01: Here you can see exosomes, we have different types of exosomes, and here it's similar like liposomes.
• 41:29
  SPEAKER_01: You see, we can put hydrophilic substances inside the exosomes and use them as a carrier system or hydrophobic uh molecules in the double uh layer membrane.
• 41:42
  SPEAKER_01: It's similar like liposomes, but that's a big difference.
• 41:46
  SPEAKER_01: What I told you before the exosomes have specific receptors here with which they can bind on cancer cells and much better bring uh the accumulated substance like endocinein green into the cancer cell.
• 42:03
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and they it can be used for all kinds of cancer cells brain, lung, breast, liver, gastric, prostate cancer.
• 42:11
  SPEAKER_01: So it has a universal effect.
• 42:14
  SPEAKER_01: And here again, when we compare the exosome with the liposomes, what we used before, liposomes are naked on the surface.
• 42:24
  SPEAKER_01: You see, there's nothing on the surface.
• 42:26
  SPEAKER_01: So of course it can stick on tumor cells and maybe passively bring some substance inside.
• 42:33
  SPEAKER_01: But here we have uh specific receptors which can be used uh for adhesion on the tumor cell and then bring the uh the uh that we call it cargo inside the endocy directly into the tumor cell.
• 42:49
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, when we uh the the exosomes have an interactive surface, allow active targeting, yeah, and the liposomes they rely on passive targeting.
• 43:03
  SPEAKER_01: So when we compare liposomes with exosomes, it is much more effective.
• 43:10
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and interestingly, when we put uh endoscianine green in exosomes, we have a changing of the absorption spectrum.
• 43:18
  SPEAKER_01: This on the left side is the spectrum of liposomal, and on the right side of exosomal.
• 43:24
  SPEAKER_01: So we have two uh uh uh absorption spectrum points.
• 43:29
  SPEAKER_01: One is 810, like before, but there is a second one around 680, so we can tweet now with infrared laser 810, but also with red lender laser 680.
• 43:40
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and also we can see in the bloodstream that we have two with the uh lipo, we have two fluorescence and phosphorescence peaks, and we have a similar thing when we use red laser for stimulation.
• 43:57
  SPEAKER_01: And next problem, what we have to Consider is the oxygen.
• 44:02
  SPEAKER_01: The problem is that tumor cells can live without mitochondria without oxygen, which leads to lactate.
• 44:10
  SPEAKER_01: So that means they metabolize the oxygen, not in the mitochondria.
• 44:15
  SPEAKER_01: What the normal healthy cell is doing, they make this way.
• 44:19
  SPEAKER_01: And the lactate leads to hyperacidity, which then induces again more tumor growing.
• 44:31
  SPEAKER_01: Because for one molecule here of ATP, they need 18 molecules of glucose.
• 44:46
  SPEAKER_01: So how can we increase oxygen in the body?
• 44:49
  SPEAKER_01: Of course, hyperbaric chamber.
• 44:51
  SPEAKER_01: So we put patients in the hyperbaric chamber before we make the photodynamic therapy, because with the hyperbaric chamber, you can increase the oxygen in the blood and in the in the in the body up to 15, 20 times for a certain time, maybe for one hour.
• 45:10
  SPEAKER_01: And also we have big chambers where children can go inside.
• 45:15
  SPEAKER_01: And then we treat, for example, this lady, young lady with the brain tumor with our laser machine or for the full body in a so-called lightbed.
• 45:25
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, what I told you before, we can stimulate with laser.
• 45:29
  SPEAKER_01: We call it photodynamic therapy, but we can also stimulate with therapeutic ultrasound, not diagnostic, stronger therapeutic ultrasound.
• 45:40
  SPEAKER_01: So we have special devices with different probes, and then we can treat directly with ultrasound because uh therapeutic ultrasound with one megahertz can can travel through the whole body, so we can also reach deeper tumors, what we cannot reach with laser light.
• 45:57
  SPEAKER_01: And good sonosensitizers are the porphyrines, endosaning green, cocumine, and remember, I told you cocumine absorbs blue light.
• 46:07
  SPEAKER_01: So we cannot stimulate it from outside with blue light, only some millimeter penetration.
• 46:12
  SPEAKER_01: But with the sonotherapy, we can stimulate cocumine everywhere in the body, and we can lead to destruction of uh we call it implosion of tumor cells.
• 46:24
  SPEAKER_01: So here we have a tumor cell, here's the ultrasound irradiation.
• 46:31
  SPEAKER_01: So we also produce oxygen radicals similar like light, but also we produce so-called cavitaceous bubbles, which then lets the molecule explode.
• 46:44
  SPEAKER_01: So the last point is a combination of photodynamics with immunotherapy.
• 46:50
  SPEAKER_01: I told you in the beginning that the main effect, the main effect of PDT is the stimulation of the body's own immune system.
• 47:01
  SPEAKER_01: But you know that cancer cells protect themselves by specific receptors so that our own immune system cannot really work.
• 47:14
  SPEAKER_01: So, how can we overcome this?
• 47:16
  SPEAKER_01: Of course, we know PDT stimulates the immune system, but when the rest of tumors in the body will protect itself, we cannot reach it.
• 47:25
  SPEAKER_01: And that's one of the main problems.
• 47:27
  SPEAKER_01: Of course, there are different immunotherapies, vaccines, uh immune modulators, monoclonal antibodies, and also checkpoint inhibitors.
• 47:37
  SPEAKER_01: And that's the main point that I want to explain.
• 47:40
  SPEAKER_01: There's a lot of research done in the last three, four, five years about the combination of photodynamic therapy with immunotherapy.
• 47:49
  SPEAKER_01: Or another one here.
• 47:51
  SPEAKER_01: So again, to repeat what I told you in the beginning, we have the tumor, we make the PDT, and then we have the direct cell death with the development of the tumor antigenes.
• 48:06
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, we damage the tumor supplying blood vessels, we induce the cytokines, which all will together destroy some of the rest tumor.
• 48:17
  SPEAKER_01: But the main thing is that we activate the dendritic cells, which then transfer uh their information on the T cells, make them active, and the T cells will destroy the rest of the tumor.
• 48:33
  SPEAKER_01: So, first of all, we have the the innate, the so-called innate immune system.
• 48:39
  SPEAKER_01: What I told you, that's the direct effect.
• 48:41
  SPEAKER_01: But then we have the so-called adaptive immune system.
• 48:46
  SPEAKER_01: What I explain again here, we have the dendritic cells, maturation, uh information to T cells, and the T cells then will go back and destroy the uh rest tumor or maybe an metastasis.
• 48:59
  SPEAKER_01: That's the principle.
• 49:00
  SPEAKER_01: Again, tumor, dendritic cells, T cells, activated T cells, and then data destroyed.
• 49:07
  SPEAKER_01: But but the problem is the tumor cells are intelligent.
• 49:12
  SPEAKER_01: You saw, and then they have so-called receptors, we call them checkpoints.
• 49:17
  SPEAKER_01: And the checkpoint, when the T cells come, they will be fixed on the checkpoint and nothing happens.
• 49:22
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 49:23
  SPEAKER_01: So what are we doing?
• 49:25
  SPEAKER_01: And you know, there are different receptors on the tumor cells.
• 49:28
  SPEAKER_01: One of the main are so-called the PD1, yeah, um, and also the so-called CTA level 4.
• 49:36
  SPEAKER_01: So are different kinds of checkpoint.
• 49:38
  SPEAKER_01: But we will focus now a little bit on the PD1 checkpoints.
• 49:41
  SPEAKER_01: And when the the the T cells coming and will then be fixed, you know, on the PD1 checkpoint, it cannot work on the tumor.
• 49:53
  SPEAKER_01: So what we have to do, we have to block those receptors with so-called checkpoint inhibitors.
• 50:02
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and when this is blocked, the tumor cell then is naked and cannot protect themselves, and then the T cell can work.
• 50:09
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, that's the sense of um checkpoint inhibitors.
• 50:13
  SPEAKER_01: So we have different, we can have not to go in detail, but have a look on the so-called PD1.
• 50:18
  SPEAKER_01: And you know, the oncologists they use checkpoint inhibitors, of course, long time, but in a high dose, because they use it most in combination with chemotherapy.
• 50:30
  SPEAKER_01: You know, chemotherapy will destroy the immune system, but the low dose, the the immunotherapy will enhance the immune system.
• 50:39
  SPEAKER_01: So, how can fit this fit together?
• 50:42
  SPEAKER_01: So they have to give the uh checkpoint inhibitor in a high dose, and high dose makes side effect, even development of autoimmune diseases.
• 50:53
  SPEAKER_01: But in this case of PDT is completely different.
• 50:56
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, we already, by PD doing the PDT, we have already an active immune system.
• 51:02
  SPEAKER_01: What we will not um what we will not uh treat with with chemotherapy, so we need the checkpoint inhibitor only in a very, very thin, uh small dose.
• 51:13
  SPEAKER_01: So we give only maybe 10 or 20 percent, and this lowers, of course, the side effect and of course the cost.
• 51:21
  SPEAKER_01: And this is done already, uh published in different uh journals in the last years.
• 51:29
  SPEAKER_01: And the interesting thing is this picture is very important.
• 51:32
  SPEAKER_01: So we have the tumor cell, we make the near-infrared uh destruction here with exosomal uh uh endocyne green, we get then the typical immune reaction, what I explained to you.
• 51:48
  SPEAKER_01: And then what's the interesting the the active T cells after you know making the cancer cells naked by blocking the checkpoint, it will not only work on the rest maybe of primary tumor, it will also work on different kinds of metastasis, yeah, like lung metastasis, liver, or anywhere else in the body.
• 52:12
  SPEAKER_01: And this is something what we call epscopal effect of photodynamic therapy.
• 52:17
  SPEAKER_01: So at the end, quickly some case reports.
• 52:20
  SPEAKER_01: So um, first of all, we treated a patient here with neuroendocrine bladder cancer with big uh metastasis on their granulands.
• 52:31
  SPEAKER_01: Um he had sustectomy uh in April 2023, then he got big metastasis up to eight centimeters on the right adrenal gland, and the smaller one also on the left one.
• 52:44
  SPEAKER_01: He was in big pain, and he was treated in February 1st, uh 2024.
• 52:54
  SPEAKER_01: And uh I show you the pictures.
• 52:56
  SPEAKER_01: Here you can see the big tumor nearly eight centimeters between right kidney and liver here.
• 53:03
  SPEAKER_01: And uh after the first treatment, some months later, it was reduced to half.
• 53:10
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 53:10
  SPEAKER_01: Oh, sorry, no, this was a mistake.
• 53:14
  SPEAKER_01: This was the patastes on the left side, about four centimeters.
• 53:20
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and then we gave the typical procedure, Nivolumap, as a PD1 checkpoint inhibitor, uh, intravenously.
• 53:28
  SPEAKER_01: We treated with nondoendocyanine green on two days.
• 53:32
  SPEAKER_01: Uh we made an interstitial intratumor laser therapy with four fiber optic needles, daily intravenous laser, intravenous oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen chamber, 30 minutes, then full body irradiation, sonodynamic therapy, and then after three weeks, another dose of checkpoint inhibitor.
• 53:51
  SPEAKER_01: And then the patient came back some months later, and you see on the right side was already reduced from eight to 3.5 centimeters, on the left side, very thin, nearly only two centimeters.
• 54:06
  SPEAKER_01: Then without any further treatment, he came back two months later, and the tumor on the right side, here you can see already the liver, only two centimeters.
• 54:16
  SPEAKER_01: On the left side, already completely disappeared, and then half a year later, no tumor visible anymore.
• 54:24
  SPEAKER_01: Here you can see the kidney and also the liver.
• 54:27
  SPEAKER_01: Unbelievable good result.
• 54:30
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 54:30
  SPEAKER_01: Next case report.
• 54:32
  SPEAKER_01: A lady, female, 71 years old, had an anal cancer, diagnosis 2016.
• 54:39
  SPEAKER_01: She did not want chemo, no radiation.
• 54:42
  SPEAKER_01: So we made two times PDT with um, she made not in our clinic before, two times PDT with liquid fibamanolithinic acid.
• 54:53
  SPEAKER_01: You know, the what I told you, the drinking solution.
• 54:56
  SPEAKER_01: First time, good success.
• 54:58
  SPEAKER_01: Second time, the tumor came back and was quite big, nearly four centimeters.
• 55:03
  SPEAKER_01: And um, this was the MII in uh September 2023, 3.3 centimeters, and they recommended um radio chemotherapy, of course.
• 55:16
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, the tumor you see in an MI uh some months later, already 3.6 centimeters, and then he came to our clinic in November 2024.
• 55:29
  SPEAKER_01: We used the exosomal ICG.
• 55:32
  SPEAKER_01: The tumor size uh went down in some months later to 2.4.
• 55:38
  SPEAKER_01: And uh in in May 2025, about one year later, no tumor anymore visible, complete remission, normal architecture of the sphincter internals and externals.
• 55:50
  SPEAKER_01: Here you can see the tumor here.
• 55:53
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, here's a small risk, but this is a tumor, and uh we put interstitial needles inside, combining red and infrared laser according to the absorption spectrum.
• 56:05
  SPEAKER_01: You see, this was infrared laser, this was red laser 680.
• 56:11
  SPEAKER_01: And then she sent me a picture uh about eight weeks later, so we could not see the external tumor anymore.
• 56:19
  SPEAKER_01: So it was a wonderful, uh this is 16 weeks later, completely gone.
• 56:25
  SPEAKER_01: Another case report, oesophagal cancer with liver metastasis, the patient from Belgium, uh 54 years old, so he could not swallow anymore.
• 56:36
  SPEAKER_01: He got chemotherapy already for one and a half years, progressive cancer growth, stent uh implantation was not possible, and so we made the first treatment in uh February 2025, and here you can see the tumor inside the esophagus.
• 57:03
  SPEAKER_00: Okay, so we go to the next one.
• 57:09
  SPEAKER_01: So we have to go back, sorry.
• 57:15
  SPEAKER_01: So this was the endoscopic procedure.
• 57:22
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, so we have to stop this.
• 57:27
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and this is several days later, two or three days later, you can see the huge uh development of necrotic tissue inside your zoophagus.
• 57:38
  SPEAKER_01: You can see early uh really quickly how this therapy is working with unbelievably good result.
• 57:49
  SPEAKER_01: Also, here you can see the big necrosis two, three days later.
• 57:57
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, so he wrote me an email uh in March already.
• 58:03
  SPEAKER_01: So the PET CT report speaks about clearly reduced metabolic activity of the primary tumor and the liver lesions, and he was doing very well, could swallow, and he came later two or three times more in our clinic, so it's still alive.
• 58:22
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, so here's the second treatment.
• 58:26
  SPEAKER_01: Um, yeah, the next patient from Germany, a lady 62 years old with um hypophyrax cancer, had it also enlarged lymph nodes on the neck, especially on the left side.
• 58:41
  SPEAKER_01: Um, then diagnosis of the cancer on the tongue, you know.
• 58:46
  SPEAKER_01: She had acute bleeding with hospitalization, tumor size increasing.
• 58:52
  SPEAKER_01: Also, recommendation of radio chemotherapy, same thing.
• 58:57
  SPEAKER_01: And in February 2025, she came for PDT immunity in our clinic.
• 59:03
  SPEAKER_01: And um two months later, the lymph nodes already were shrinking a lot, and in June 2025, there was uh a next MI with marked regression of the tumor size and lymph nodes.
• 59:19
  SPEAKER_01: Even you cannot feel the four-centimeter lymph node anymore.
• 59:23
  SPEAKER_01: So here you can see the lymph nodes in the beginning, big one, up to four centimeters.
• 59:30
  SPEAKER_01: So we made the circular audiation fiber optics inside the mouth and the basic of the tongue, and also here interstitial laser therapy of the lymph nodes with red and infrared laser.
• 59:45
  SPEAKER_01: And then uh six weeks, I think, later, you could already see the huge reduction of the lymph nodes, and uh another some weeks later, they were nearly visible anymore, and the patient in very good state, and especially the the basic tumor here, which was here and was bleeding before, was not visible anymore till today.
• 1:00:10
  SPEAKER_01: And today we have 2026, so she will come back again next week.
• 1:00:14
  SPEAKER_01: She comes for control in our clinic every six months, and everything is doing very well.
• 1:00:20
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, here we made a check with our endoscope, but no tumor anymore visible.
• 1:00:29
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, bladder cancer.
• 1:00:31
  SPEAKER_01: Next guess this is a colleague, he's a um um children doctor, 72 years old, still working, had in uh March 2025 diagnostic of bladder cancer with infiltration of the muscle layer, papillary uretal cancer with muscle infiltration.
• 1:00:50
  SPEAKER_01: He's a medical doctor.
• 1:00:52
  SPEAKER_01: So the he came for first treatment in June 2025 in our clinic, more than one year ago, with XOICG, ALA drinking solution, immunotherapy.
• 1:01:05
  SPEAKER_01: So in July 2025, impressive improvement of the symptoms.
• 1:01:10
  SPEAKER_01: In um January 2026, we injected XOICG in combination with methylene blue through the cystoscope into the tumor with wonderful improvement.
• 1:01:24
  SPEAKER_01: So here you can see the tumor inside the bladder, already more than four centimeters.
• 1:01:31
  SPEAKER_01: And you see big one.
• 1:01:34
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, here you see the rest of the bladder and a big tumor here on the side.
• 1:01:39
  SPEAKER_01: And um after the treatment some weeks later, it was already reduced to three centimeters.
• 1:01:48
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and we used here the cystoscope.
• 1:01:52
  SPEAKER_01: This is an interesting picture here.
• 1:01:54
  SPEAKER_01: It looks like this one.
• 1:01:56
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, this is the tumor on the side.
• 1:02:06
  SPEAKER_01: So we injected directly into the tumor the mixture of exo iCG endocy green in combination with methylene blue.
• 1:02:16
  SPEAKER_01: And you see, some months later the tumor size was reduced a lot.
• 1:02:20
  SPEAKER_01: You can already see again a good structure of the bladder, and also the symptoms were much better.
• 1:02:27
  SPEAKER_01: And um now he was here in my clinic one week ago.
• 1:02:32
  SPEAKER_01: The tumor is still there, but not growing, and now we make something different.
• 1:02:37
  SPEAKER_01: Uh, we also inject the sensitizer and in combination with the immunodrug uh inside the tumor.
• 1:02:46
  SPEAKER_01: So another patient, quickly at the end, six years old, also a medical doctor from Switzerland, diagnosed with pancreatic uh cancer, uh neuroendocrine tumor, and big liver metastasis.
• 1:03:00
  SPEAKER_01: So he came first time in uh summer 2025 in my treatment, and the liver looked really terrible.
• 1:03:08
  SPEAKER_01: I've never seen something like this, full of metastasis inside.
• 1:03:12
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, it looks really terrible.
• 1:03:14
  SPEAKER_01: And in the beginning, I had no hope, you know, that our therapy can work.
• 1:03:20
  SPEAKER_01: And um yeah, I treated him in June 2025, and then he came back in November 2025 for a second treatment.
• 1:03:33
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, and I looked at the liver, it looked a lot better.
• 1:03:36
  SPEAKER_01: There were still, of course, some attesters, but a lot of normal liver tissue.
• 1:03:41
  SPEAKER_01: Unbelievable this result, yeah.
• 1:03:43
  SPEAKER_01: So um, and in this case, of course, we could not make an interstitial treatment.
• 1:03:48
  SPEAKER_01: It was too dangerous to put needles directly inside the liver.
• 1:03:52
  SPEAKER_01: But we took put up to eight needles through the skin on the liver capsule for going deeper because the skin absorbs already a lot of laser light.
• 1:04:03
  SPEAKER_01: So the result was really good.
• 1:04:05
  SPEAKER_01: At the end, what is very uh common prostate cancer.
• 1:04:09
  SPEAKER_01: How are we treating this today?
• 1:04:12
  SPEAKER_01: So I show you the steps.
• 1:04:14
  SPEAKER_01: This is the equipment what we need.
• 1:04:17
  SPEAKER_01: So we have to clean the uh the penis, you know, and then we inject some GEL.
• 1:04:24
  SPEAKER_01: And here inside we inject the GIL, and then we use the specific circular irradiating fiber optics, what we then put inside the penis, and we can put it about 20 centimeters for our intraprostatic position.
• 1:04:42
  SPEAKER_01: What we here you can see inside, and we can control the intraprostatic position of the fiber optics with the ultrasound.
• 1:04:52
  SPEAKER_01: And then we can irradiate inside the prostate.
• 1:04:56
  SPEAKER_01: We use uh 30 minutes 810 nanometers uh infrared laser and 30 minutes red laser 680 inside the prostate, and after this, we put the fiber optics in the rectum and make the same irradiation from the rectum side.
• 1:05:12
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah, so we can even use it for benign prostate, yeah, but mainly, of course, we treat cancer.
• 1:05:20
  SPEAKER_01: So at the end, what can the patient do at home when they leave our clinic?
• 1:05:26
  SPEAKER_01: So, first of all, they can use the laser watch, yeah.
• 1:05:30
  SPEAKER_01: So they can irradiate the wrist arteries, and we recommend today the strong endulite watch, which is uh much stronger, 10 times stronger than the older version of the so-called spectra watch.
• 1:05:42
  SPEAKER_01: Um, we recommend home treatment with therapeutic ultrasound.
• 1:05:47
  SPEAKER_01: So mostly we supply our patients after uh treatment when they go home with a small ultrasound device.
• 1:05:55
  SPEAKER_01: Everything that is in the brain for brain tumors.
• 1:05:58
  SPEAKER_01: Uh, today we use.
• 1:06:00
  SPEAKER_01: The new helmet, which is a lot stronger than the older LED helmet with only red light, but this supplies uh the brain with uh red and infrared laser of different wavelengths.
• 1:06:12
  SPEAKER_01: Yeah.
• 1:06:13
  SPEAKER_01: So what is our protocol?
• 1:06:15
  SPEAKER_01: Five-day treatments.
• 1:06:16
  SPEAKER_01: Normally, patients come for five days.
• 1:06:18
  SPEAKER_01: First day we check everything, the patient with ultrasound.
• 1:06:23
  SPEAKER_01: Then we give already the Nivulomap checkpoint inhibitor.
• 1:06:27
  SPEAKER_01: We treat with intravenous laser and oxygen.
• 1:06:31
  SPEAKER_01: On the second time, we give a systemic infusion of the photosensitizer for 60 minutes.
• 1:06:37
  SPEAKER_01: But if possible, for example, in breast cancer, we also make an intratumoral injection of the XOICG and we combine with injection, direct injection of the photosensitizer nivolum up.
• 1:06:55
  SPEAKER_01: Then we wait for three hours.
• 1:06:57
  SPEAKER_01: In the meantime, we use intravenous laser for immune stimulation with all spectral colors for cleaning the blood from circulating tumor cells.
• 1:07:06
  SPEAKER_01: We use intravenous oxygen, hyperbaric chamber, and then PDT, full body light bed with uh hydrogen inhalation.
• 1:07:16
  SPEAKER_01: So um, oh sorry, let's go back.
• 1:07:20
  SPEAKER_01: Um the local treatment maybe of a breast cancer after interstitial application.
• 1:07:27
  SPEAKER_01: We use multiple uh fiber optics, mostly 500 milliwatt infrared and red laser.
• 1:07:33
  SPEAKER_01: Uh, for inner organs like oesophagus or bladder, we use the spherical fiber optics, what I showed you, uh, for topical application.
• 1:07:43
  SPEAKER_01: From outside, we use multiple 100 milliwatt or 500 milliwatt infrared lasers in a shower head.
• 1:07:49
  SPEAKER_01: And also, of course, we treat with zonodynamic therapy, normally 1.8 to 2.1 per square centimeter per 20 minutes.
• 1:08:00
  SPEAKER_01: On day three, we repeat interstitial local laser therapy and sonotherapy and full body light treatments.
• 1:08:08
  SPEAKER_01: On day four, we repeat the protocol from the first day, and under day five, we give additionally the uh PD1 immunotherapy.
• 1:08:21
  SPEAKER_01: So, what are the new therapeutic strategies for all cancer therapy?
• 1:08:25
  SPEAKER_01: Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy with nano or exo-ICG, chlorinics, hypercine, and co-cumin, especially in superficial cases, with external interstitial, intratumoral irradiation, sonodynamic therapy, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors, systemically and intratumorally, intravenous oxygen, intravenous laser, hyperbaric oxygen, and full body irradiation.
• 1:08:54
  SPEAKER_01: So if somebody is interested, you know, we every year we are organizing three international conferences in springtime in America.
• 1:09:03
  SPEAKER_01: This year it was in San Diego, in summertime in Germany, and in uh autumn normally in Asia.
• 1:09:12
  SPEAKER_01: So the next one will be in October in Bangkok.
• 1:09:16
  SPEAKER_01: And uh so if somebody is interested to travel to Bangkok and you are invited to uh attend our conference.
• 1:09:25
  SPEAKER_01: Otherwise, when you are from Germany, from Europe, we will organize the next conference in July 2027 in Kassel in Germany.
• 1:09:36
  SPEAKER_01: Okay, vielen Dank.
• 1:09:38
  SPEAKER_01: Thank you very much for your attention, and I hope I could explain it a little bit more and bring you more knowledge about uh newest way of photodynamic therapy.
• 1:09:48
  SPEAKER_01: Thank you.