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That Time the US Government Brainwashed America into DIY Bomb Shelters · Ridiculous History

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  Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of iHeartRadio. Welcome back to
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  Speaker 1: the show. A fellow Ridiculous Historians thinks again, as always,
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  Speaker 1: so much for tuning in. Let's hear it for our
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  Speaker 1: super producer, Max Apocalypto Williams.
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  Speaker 2: Gonna be a Clason? Did they play Clackson's one.
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  Speaker 1: Bit of a bit of a bit of a doom Bringer? Williams?
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  Speaker 3: Oh, gosh, Clason is just it's just like an alarm, right,
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  Speaker 3: classic class Clackson nixt.
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  Speaker 2: I definitely a claxon in the soundhout library.
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  Speaker 1: We've got some weird end of the year energy, folks.
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  Speaker 1: I am as always thrilled to introduce you yet again
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  Speaker 1: to the one and only mister Nole Brown, mister nol
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  Speaker 1: Copenhagen Brown. Yeah, hello, Ben.
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  Speaker 3: You know it's funny that you should say that I
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  Speaker 3: did just return from the land of Christmas of Santa Claus.
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  Speaker 3: I went to Denmark and venture Yes and d Lego
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  Speaker 3: to see the band Radiohead, and I've had their song
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  Speaker 3: Idiotech stuck in my head on a loop. In the
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  Speaker 3: first lyrics to that song are Who's in a Bunker?
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  Speaker 3: Who's in a Bunker? Women and children first and a
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  Speaker 3: children first, and a children first, and sadly that song
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  Speaker 3: in my head was all I was going to get
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  Speaker 3: because they canceled the concert that I went there for
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  Speaker 3: because old Tommy Yorke had a little bit of a
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  Speaker 3: seasonal soretquoat, and the second and third of the run
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  Speaker 3: of shows in Denmark were not canceled, but mine was.
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  Speaker 1: But it was still a lovely trip, lovely solo adventure,
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  Speaker 1: wonderful to hear they called me ben Bowling, and folks,
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  Speaker 1: we're glad to hear that is in recovery from his
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  Speaker 1: sore throat.
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  Speaker 3: I don't mean to be dismissed if it was categorized
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  Speaker 3: as a severe throat infection, which if you're a singer,
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  Speaker 3: anyone knows how terrifying and debilitating that must be. And
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  Speaker 3: I know they didn't take it lightly rescheduling the date. Sadly,
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  Speaker 3: I'm not going back to Copenhagen on the fourteenth, so
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  Speaker 3: I'm just gonna flip my ticket. But they'll come to
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  Speaker 3: the States, I know they.
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  Speaker 1: Right, of course, and you'll see them again soon. Take heart.
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  Speaker 1: Chin's up, folks, fellow ridiculous historians. We can all go
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  Speaker 1: to a radio Head concert as long as there is
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  Speaker 1: not a nuclear war.
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  Speaker 3: Well, they're actually the perfect band to be listening to
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  Speaker 3: in a nuclear fallow.
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  Speaker 1: Who's in a bunker.
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  Speaker 3: We're listening to Idiotech kid A in our family bunker
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  Speaker 3: with our nuclear family.
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  Speaker 1: So the end of the Second World War brought about
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  Speaker 1: a lot of good things. There's a lot of chaos, horror, atrocities,
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  Speaker 1: literal genocide, and it also launched something we call the
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  Speaker 1: Cold War, which we've talked about in our sister show Stuff.
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  Speaker 1: They don't want you to know, we're talking about decades
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  Speaker 1: of nuclear paranoia. The bombs may drop at any given moment.
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  Speaker 1: It feels weird to make your bed, you know what
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  Speaker 1: I mean. During the Cuban missile crisis, you're like, should
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  Speaker 1: I make the bed? Or is today the day? Does
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  Speaker 1: anything really matter? Yeah? Is it all futile and for nothing?
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  Speaker 1: Is it all a big black nothing? Then? Is it
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  Speaker 1: all a big black nothing? These questions we ask ourselves
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  Speaker 1: in the dark nights of the soul.
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  Speaker 3: And that's all because of some very sillily named bombs
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  Speaker 3: that dropped the fat Man and Little Boy that were
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  Speaker 3: dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki reverse respectively. Hiroshima was a
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  Speaker 3: little boy Nagasaki was fat man. And not only did
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  Speaker 3: this result in the unconditional surrender of the big bads
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  Speaker 3: in that conflict, at least from where we stand, it
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  Speaker 3: created this arms race and this just sense of paranoia
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  Speaker 3: around a thing that was no longer just conceptual. It
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  Speaker 3: was a thing that had happened, and boy, oh boy,
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  Speaker 3: was it a thing that happened to some people. And
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  Speaker 3: the fallouts pun intended, was utterly, you know, disastrous, And
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  Speaker 3: we then all of a sudden, everyone starts to insert
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  Speaker 3: themselves into that scenario.
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  Speaker 1: What if it happened here? What if it happened to me?
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  Speaker 1: This is a question people around the world ask themselves
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  Speaker 1: whenever a disaster of this magnitude occurs, and this launched
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  Speaker 1: a very strange cultural moment in the United States, in particular,
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  Speaker 1: Uncle Sam said, look, we're going to handle things happening
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  Speaker 1: outside of the borders, and we'll do our best to
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  Speaker 1: take care of the public and keep you safe. But
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  Speaker 1: just in case, John and Jane blue jeans, just in
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  Speaker 1: case we don't manage to stop all the bombs and
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  Speaker 1: the missiles and the rockets, you should consider investing in
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  Speaker 1: your own protection at home.
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  Speaker 3: And if you can't afford it, then just climb under
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  Speaker 3: your bed and then get in the fetal position, right right,
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  Speaker 3: Surely that's all it'll take. Right, So every time I
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  Speaker 3: think about duck and cover Ben, I think about the
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  Speaker 3: mummified like meducified figures of Pompeii.
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  Speaker 1: Oh yeah, totally man. And I remember having to conduct
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  Speaker 1: some of those drills in my younger years. It's very
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  Speaker 1: strange to be a kid and be at a nuclear
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  Speaker 1: drill where they say, okay, you know the this is
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  Speaker 1: what you do if the bombs are going off, get
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  Speaker 1: under your tiny wooden desk because that'll definitely do the trick. Right. Well,
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  Speaker 1: what could go wrong?
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  Speaker 3: It is one of those things where it just you
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  Speaker 3: realize how much it was just more of an extra
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  Speaker 3: size in like wishful thinking than it was in actual preparedness.
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  Speaker 1: Exactly. Yeah, it was almost propagandistic. So how do we
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  Speaker 1: get here? As we mentioned, the atomic bombs are deployed
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  Speaker 1: at only one period in human warfare, August sixth and ninth,
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  Speaker 1: nineteen forty five. This was total war. Many civilians were killed.
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  Speaker 1: If you were ever in the area in either Nagasaki
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  Speaker 1: or Hiroshima, please do take the time to visit the
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  Speaker 1: historical sites. It's worth it.
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  Speaker 3: And I think we've mentioned this before. Some excellent depictions,
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  Speaker 3: and when I say excellent, I just mean really artistically
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  Speaker 3: rendered and beautiful and tragic in pop culture, like The
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  Speaker 3: Grave of the Fireflies or Barefoot Gin some of the
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  Speaker 3: animated films that depict the horrors of nuclear war just
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  Speaker 3: incredibly starkly.
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  Speaker 1: History is always closer than it looks in the rear
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  Speaker 1: view mirror. What I was last in Hiroshima, I spent
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  Speaker 1: some time, as you know, no, I spent some time
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  Speaker 1: exploring the museum, the blast site, the history behind it,
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  Speaker 1: and the city itself now is doing very well and
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  Speaker 1: has preserved the legacy of these events. At the time.
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  Speaker 1: Of course, this is still a touchy subject if you're
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  Speaker 1: in Japan, But at the time, the Imperial Japanese government
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  Speaker 1: was pretty nasty, pretty aggressive. If you want to learn
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  Speaker 1: more about things like Unit seven thirty one check out stuff,
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  Speaker 1: they don't want you to know, the rape of Nanking
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  Speaker 1: and so on. What we're saying is in war there
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  Speaker 1: often aren't really pure good guys. Everybody's got some sins
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  Speaker 1: and some skeletons in the closet. But because of this,
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  Speaker 1: like you were saying the bombs drop and the United
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  Speaker 1: States is for a fairly brief amount of time, it
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  Speaker 1: is the only guy in the game with nuclear weapons.
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  Speaker 1: You know, I just watched the on the flight back
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  Speaker 1: the Thunderbolts film. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah. I really liked
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  Speaker 1: it a lot.
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  Speaker 3: It's sad that it didn't really do well in the
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  Speaker 3: box office because I would have loved to see them
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  Speaker 3: take those characters further. But the New Avengers, and there's
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  Speaker 3: a character in it who I believe is the President,
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  Speaker 3: played by Elaine from Seinfeld, and she says something like,
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  Speaker 3: it's not about being the good guy, it's about being
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  Speaker 3: the less.
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  Speaker 1: Worse guy, or something along those lines. Yeah, she is
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  Speaker 1: a mover and shaker character who is manipulating the heroes.
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  Speaker 1: I don't think she's the president.
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  Speaker 3: But they're talking about impeachment, so she must be like
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  Speaker 3: a high ranking government official of some kind. But I
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  Speaker 3: definitely didn't clock what her actual job title was.
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  Speaker 1: It's a great film. Check it out for it.
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  Speaker 3: I really enjoyed it, and it did it not to derail,
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  Speaker 3: but I thought it did a really cool job of
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  Speaker 3: characterizing addiction in a very interesting way. The main century
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  Speaker 3: character was with the century, the sort of manipulated battie.
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  Speaker 3: He's got a background in substance abuse and mental health issues.
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  Speaker 3: And I thought they did a really thoughtful, tasteful job
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  Speaker 3: of like talking about sort of the shadow self and
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  Speaker 3: all of those things.
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  Speaker 1: And the shadow self is something that the United States
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  Speaker 1: is considering, both as a government and as the public.
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  Speaker 1: They knew that it was only a matter of time
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  Speaker 1: before this powerful, potentially world ending technology spread to other countries,
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  Speaker 1: particularly the United States historical frenemie the Soviet Union, and
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  Speaker 1: for the US at this time post World War two,
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  Speaker 1: right still the only folks in town with the bomb.
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  Speaker 1: They for the US because they were almost certain that
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  Speaker 1: this technology would spread to other countries. They wanted to
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  Speaker 1: flex the power while they had it, right, while they
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  Speaker 1: were the only car with gas in the tank. However,
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  Speaker 1: we also learned history would prove that the Soviet intelligence
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  Speaker 1: apparatus had already well infiltrated the United States nuclear program,
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  Speaker 1: at least to the point where they knew what it was,
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  Speaker 1: and they were quickly figuring out how to build their
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  Speaker 1: own toys. And this leads us to something weird and sticky,
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  Speaker 1: which is whether or not the Cold War ended in
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  Speaker 1: the West, people are going to tell you it ended
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  Speaker 1: by nineteen ninety one, right, or by the fall of
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  Speaker 1: the Soviet Union. But if you go too, especially Russian
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  Speaker 1: officials and Daddy Vladdie, they'll tell you the Cold War
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  Speaker 1: never ended. Beat me here, Max, They'll say, there is
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  Speaker 1: not shit, sweet, and it's still it's still go time.
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  Speaker 1: Thank you Max. Well, yeah, I mean, it's as long
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  Speaker 1: as the technology.
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  Speaker 3: Exists and no one's used it yet, and we know
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  Speaker 3: that people who maybe are not like our best of
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  Speaker 3: pals have it. You're always kind of in a perma standoff. Yeah.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, And this is where we see a house yon
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  Speaker 1: age peak nuclear paranoia. It's almost like a moral panic. Diy,
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  Speaker 1: do it yourself home. Nuclear bunkers became a thing, and so,
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  Speaker 1: as our research associate, our pal Dylan mentions here, this
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  Speaker 1: was more than just a backdrop for the amazing Fallout
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  Speaker 1: franchise and all the other science fiction works about living
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  Speaker 1: in bunkers. We want to grab our official Fallout cookbooks
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  Speaker 1: and start scheming a plan of interior design for our
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  Speaker 1: own Fallout bunkers to house your perfect nuclear family. We're
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  Speaker 1: going to learn more about American propaganda, which was fa
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  Speaker 1: frankly ridiculous at the time. We're going to talk to
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  Speaker 1: more about duck and cover drills, cartoon turtles, cartoon turtles.
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  Speaker 1: We're also going to explore a little bit of history
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  Speaker 1: along the way. So, as we said, everybody, it was
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  Speaker 1: only a matter of time before there were other nuclear
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  Speaker 1: powers on the planet. On August twenty ninth, nineteen forty nine,
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  Speaker 1: Kazakhstein ends the nuclear monopoly. They test. The Soviet Union
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  Speaker 1: goes there to test their own atomic bomb, affectionately nicknamed
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  Speaker 1: Joe one. I'd never heard that one before, Ben, I
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  Speaker 1: know it's called Joe one. Yeah.
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  Speaker 3: And we've got Alex Wellerston writing for History of Science
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  Speaker 3: and Nuclear Weapons, who is a professor at the Stevens
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  Speaker 3: Institute of Technology. During this period, the United States is
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  Speaker 3: suddenly having to really reckon with the fact that it
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  Speaker 3: is not the only nuclear power out there anymore.
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  Speaker 1: Now.
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  Speaker 3: Instead of just seeing the bomb as this asset that
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  Speaker 3: we could use or not use, it suddenly brought to
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  Speaker 3: bear that this is something that could be used against us.
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  Speaker 3: You can't put the badger back in the bag. Been
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  Speaker 3: And it's like one of those things where once it's
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  Speaker 3: out there, it's only a matter of time before someone
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  Speaker 3: else figures out to harness fire, right, Yeah.
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  Speaker 1: One hundred percent, Yeah, because everybody wants to be Prometheus.
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  Speaker 1: This is something that the US government is not able
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  Speaker 1: to suppress. The public knows that now the Red Bear
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  Speaker 1: half a world away has its own nuclear capabilities, and
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  Speaker 1: so how do we as the US government address this,
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  Speaker 1: How do we get the public prepared for these terrifying possibilities. Well,
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  Speaker 1: it starts on January twelfth, nineteen fifty one. Then US
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  Speaker 1: President Truman creates something called the FICTA or Federal Civil
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  Speaker 1: Defense Administration.
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  Speaker 3: Right, this was a direct respondence to the Soviets nuclear
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  Speaker 3: test of Joe one, an acknowledgment of this new reality,
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  Speaker 3: this idea of a potential new clear armageddon that was
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  Speaker 3: very very real and very very palpable, presenting this nightmare
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  Speaker 3: scenario that the federal government was just frankly completely unprepared for, underfunded,
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  Speaker 3: and just didn't really you know, have the infrastructure in
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  Speaker 3: place to do anything about this because you know, sadly
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  Speaker 3: that kind of I don't know what you might call
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  Speaker 3: it arrogance that the US is historically presented that you know,
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  Speaker 3: that facade was really slipping.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, because it was confronted by facts. And here's one
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  Speaker 1: of the ridiculous things that the FCDA does. They could
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  Speaker 1: have if they had enough money, they could have allocated
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  Speaker 1: federal funding to civil defense projects. But instead of doing that,
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  Speaker 1: our friends at Civil Defense started putting out propaganda. And
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  Speaker 1: their concept was, look, if we can motivate members of
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  Speaker 1: the public to help do some of this work, that
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  Speaker 1: we're going to save money and we'll have better defended nations.
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  Speaker 1: So if we can, if we can get in people's
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  Speaker 1: heads enough to motivate citizens at the state, local, or
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  Speaker 1: even private level to pay for their own bunkers, pay
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  Speaker 1: for their own defensive measures, then boom, we're we're starting
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  Speaker 1: off on second base.
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  Speaker 3: Gosh, Bennett reminds me a lot of like how the
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  Speaker 3: initial push for recycling was its own propaganda to defer
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  Speaker 3: or deflect some of the responsibility of pollution onto the
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  Speaker 3: consumer and.
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  Speaker 1: Say, actually, you should do something about this. This is
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  Speaker 1: on you, exactly, Yeah, put it on put it on
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  Speaker 1: the consumer, put it on the public. This is one
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  Speaker 1: hundred percent very similar logic. So how do we know
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  Speaker 1: this is propaganda? Well, we know it because if you
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  Speaker 1: look at the old Civil Defense educational pamphlets that they
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  Speaker 1: spread across the land. You'll see that they are very misleading,
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  Speaker 1: or they downplay the severity of atomic radiation in nuclear fallout.
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  Speaker 1: We don't know if this was because they actually didn't
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  Speaker 1: know what happens when a nuclear blast occurs, Like maybe
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  Speaker 1: they didn't know how the radiation, how long the radiation
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  Speaker 1: would stick around, how far the fallout could spread, or
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  Speaker 1: maybe and this is probably more likely, they did know,
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  Speaker 1: but they were trying to keep everybody call, which is
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  Speaker 1: just the most unhelpful thing if you're ever in an
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  Speaker 1: emergency situation. I get it. I know we have to
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  Speaker 1: say this kind of stuff when people are scared, But
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  Speaker 1: I don't think anybody hears a recorded voice saying, calmly,
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  Speaker 1: proceed to the nearest exit and then in fact proceeds
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  Speaker 1: called That's true.
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  Speaker 3: There is something to be said of, like, you know,
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  Speaker 3: lowering the temperature on this type of tension and this
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  Speaker 3: type of paranoia. Like when I was getting off the
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  Speaker 3: plane in Atlanta yesterday, there was a family that was
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  Speaker 3: clearly very very very stressed about making their connecting flight,
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  Speaker 3: and I wasn't lying to them, but I told them.
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  Speaker 3: They said they had an hour, and I said, Oh,
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  Speaker 3: you'll be fine, you can make it in an hour,
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  Speaker 3: and I was, you know, and it's possible they missed
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  Speaker 3: their flight. But honestly, is it is it better to
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  Speaker 3: like be terrified and worrying about the worst possible outcome
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  Speaker 3: or is there something too.
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  Speaker 1: Just a little bit of wish fulfillment.
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  Speaker 4: Yeah.
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  Speaker 1: And also it's something you can't control, that's right, So
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  Speaker 1: worrying about the things you cannot control, it's kind of
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  Speaker 1: self defeating. But it's something a lot of people do.
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  Speaker 1: And so the United States, which does have a good
• 17:37
  Speaker 1: understanding of large scale psychology, they say, we're going to
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  Speaker 1: reassure the public in some way, right, and we're actually
• 17:47
  Speaker 1: and I'll use this word, we're actually going to trick
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  Speaker 1: them into thinking simple stuff like a DIY fallout bunker
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  Speaker 1: and duct a cover drills are going to keep you
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  Speaker 1: safe in World War IIEA, yeah, let's let's let's make.
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  Speaker 3: Some fun cartoons. The kiddies will like a cartoon turtle
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  Speaker 3: telling them everything is going to be a okay. The
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  Speaker 3: fc DA did focus heavily on initiatives that made it
• 18:13
  Speaker 3: to the classroom, where they were able to sort of
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  Speaker 3: shape a new generation, you know, into thinking about this
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  Speaker 3: stuff in a way that was perhaps helpful to the
• 18:23
  Speaker 3: overall narrative from their side, from the perspective of the government.
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  Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly. It's the logic that Wu Tang would you
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  Speaker 1: use later, You get the children right, and then they
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  Speaker 1: get the adults. Toy companies have done this forever too, absolutely,
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  Speaker 1: So they wanted to talk to kids, not about necessarily
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  Speaker 1: terrifying stuff. They want to be all gloom and doom,
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  Speaker 1: but they wanted to say, hate fellow kids. You know,
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  Speaker 1: it's really cool gardening at home and canning and make
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  Speaker 1: your dad pay for a bunker. I'm Bertha Turtle. I
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  Speaker 1: was on board with how do we all of a
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  Speaker 1: sudden get to bunker right right? And it would be
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  Speaker 1: the whole family to be fair, not just that. Yeah,
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  Speaker 1: that's true. So kids would practice these air raid drills,
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  Speaker 1: primarily in cities that the US thought were likely targets
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  Speaker 1: for the Soviet Union Los Angeles, New York City, Chicago,
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  Speaker 1: a big metro areas, Milwaukee, San Francisco, Philadelphia, et cetera.
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  Speaker 2: And to jump in here real quick, kind of like
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  Speaker 2: a side tangent.
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  Speaker 5: But back in the day, we had an episode about
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  Speaker 5: how they tested chemical warfare on Saint Louis because it
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  Speaker 5: was the most Soviet Union looking city.
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  Speaker 2: Yeah, And I think I told you guys this one
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  Speaker 2: at least off air.
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  Speaker 5: But I have a good friend, his name is Vick,
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  Speaker 5: who grew up in Saint Louis, and I told him that,
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  Speaker 5: and like the chemical wharf, the chemical testing, which it
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  Speaker 5: wasn't hazardous, I don't think, but it was like that
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  Speaker 5: that creeped him out. But he's also like the part
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  Speaker 5: that bother room was was like, I don't like the
• 19:56
  Speaker 5: fact that they think Saint Louis is the most Soviet
• 19:58
  Speaker 5: Union looking city in this country.
• 20:01
  Speaker 4: Right.
• 20:01
  Speaker 1: How much brutalist architecture does the city possess. They got
• 20:04
  Speaker 1: that arch it's pretty brutal. Yeah, And we also explore
• 20:09
  Speaker 1: that that case at length in our books. Stuff they
• 20:13
  Speaker 1: don't want you to know. As you said, Max, the
• 20:16
  Speaker 1: as far as we can tell, the stuff that they
• 20:19
  Speaker 1: were dispersing, it was targeting poorer neighborhoods, right, And it
• 20:24
  Speaker 1: was also according to the people who conducted the test,
• 20:29
  Speaker 1: it did not contain dangerous chemicals. Right.
• 20:32
  Speaker 3: And when we say poorer neighborhoods, we're also referring largely
• 20:35
  Speaker 3: to black and brown people being targeted.
• 20:38
  Speaker 1: One hundred percent. Yeah, people who probably wouldn't have the
• 20:41
  Speaker 1: legal means to fight back. So this sort of stuff
• 20:45
  Speaker 1: is old, is dirt, right, these tactics used against the
• 20:50
  Speaker 1: public for greater good. We also have to point out
• 20:53
  Speaker 1: that it's a real trip to watch these old nuclear
• 20:56
  Speaker 1: war PSAs and instructions for kids because as Bert the
• 21:00
  Speaker 1: turtle is always in a great mood despite the fact
• 21:04
  Speaker 1: that in his universe the end of the world has occurring.
• 21:07
  Speaker 3: It is, it is on the horizon for sure, but
• 21:10
  Speaker 3: he has a real can do attitude. He is fully
• 21:12
  Speaker 3: convinced that ducking and covering, because he's a turtle by
• 21:16
  Speaker 3: the way, that's what he does. He pulls his head
• 21:18
  Speaker 3: and his legs inside of his shell. Makes sense, was
• 21:20
  Speaker 3: gonna be enough to protect our meat bodies from explosive radiation?
• 21:25
  Speaker 1: Yeah, and he also he also spent a lot of
• 21:29
  Speaker 1: time trying to normalize the concept of ducking and covering.
• 21:33
  Speaker 1: You've got to see this absolute banger duck and cover.
• 21:37
  Speaker 1: It comes about because in nineteen fifty one, Uncle Sam
• 21:40
  Speaker 1: hires an ad agency out of New York called Archer Productions.
• 21:44
  Speaker 1: They say, Okay, make this film for kids and tell
• 21:47
  Speaker 1: them how to, you know, feel like they're protecting themselves
• 21:51
  Speaker 1: from atomic war. So they come up with this guy Bert,
• 21:55
  Speaker 1: Like you said, Nola, I love that he's a turtle.
• 21:57
  Speaker 1: So he's got like a walking bunker already. And he said,
• 22:01
  Speaker 1: Burt would go on in this cartoon and he would say, look, kids,
• 22:06
  Speaker 1: ducking covery is no different from reacting to a fire,
• 22:10
  Speaker 1: or wearing a seatbelt, or making sure not to get sunburn.
• 22:14
  Speaker 3: Let's hear a little clip from the from the this
• 22:16
  Speaker 3: video that we're talking about. He's got a bow tie,
• 22:30
  Speaker 3: snow and of flowers, also wearing a military helmet.
• 22:36
  Speaker 1: Oh no, the monkey's dangling a piece of dynamite. I
• 22:40
  Speaker 1: love that. I love this idea of like the nuclear bomb.
• 22:50
  Speaker 3: Is this tantamount to a monkey dangling a single piece
• 22:53
  Speaker 3: of dynamite?
• 22:55
  Speaker 4: Be sure remember what Bert the Turtle justed, friends, because
• 22:58
  Speaker 4: every one of us must remember to do the same thing.
• 23:01
  Speaker 4: That's what this film is all about. Duck and cover.
• 23:05
  Speaker 4: This is an official civil defense film produced in cooperation
• 23:09
  Speaker 4: with the Federal Civil Defense Administration and in consultation with
• 23:12
  Speaker 4: the Safety Commission of the National Education Association.
• 23:16
  Speaker 1: Produced by Archer Productions. What do we always say? About
• 23:20
  Speaker 1: seemingly innocuous organization names sketchy. That's a real sketchbook page.
• 23:27
  Speaker 1: But the point there is true. You can watch it.
• 23:31
  Speaker 1: It's exactly what we're describing. The Simian creature dangling a
• 23:36
  Speaker 1: stick of dynamite blows himself up and blows the tree
• 23:40
  Speaker 1: up that he's hanging from. But our hero Bert is
• 23:44
  Speaker 1: safe because he what ducked and covered. Right. It's right.
• 23:49
  Speaker 3: And if you're watching the new IT series, welcome to
• 23:52
  Speaker 3: Darry No spoilers. But when Pennywise the clown finally appears,
• 23:57
  Speaker 3: the first thing he says to the kids is ducking
• 24:00
  Speaker 3: cover kiddos.
• 24:02
  Speaker 1: Oh wow? Is it the same? Is it the Scars Guard?
• 24:05
  Speaker 3: It is?
• 24:05
  Speaker 1: Yeah, because he's back and he doesn't it's it's it's
• 24:08
  Speaker 1: it's Scott's issues.
• 24:09
  Speaker 3: But I'm enjoying it. But it is the same exact
• 24:11
  Speaker 3: era that we're describing here. I like what I've seen,
• 24:14
  Speaker 3: but I haven't seen the latest episodes. I'm a big
• 24:17
  Speaker 3: fan of Stephen King, and I'm a big fan of
• 24:21
  Speaker 3: almost every part of the novel.
• 24:23
  Speaker 1: It.
• 24:24
  Speaker 3: Yeah, you don't like the you don't like the part
• 24:25
  Speaker 3: where they I don't like that part.
• 24:27
  Speaker 1: You don't like that part.
• 24:27
  Speaker 3: You don't like that one part, not just look up
• 24:30
  Speaker 3: that one part and yeah, you don't.
• 24:33
  Speaker 1: Have to describe it, but we'll keep it. Peach through
• 24:35
  Speaker 1: Cocaine's a hell of a drum. That is honestly what
• 24:39
  Speaker 1: Stephen King probably said several times. So if we go
• 24:43
  Speaker 1: back to this, this is already kind of Stephen kingish
• 24:46
  Speaker 1: and creepy.
• 24:46
  Speaker 3: Right the million you know, he he he absolutely these
• 24:51
  Speaker 3: He would have grown up in this era with this
• 24:54
  Speaker 3: type of paranoia and fear and this idea of the
• 24:57
  Speaker 3: godlike power of destruction. Obviously the stand is about something
• 25:02
  Speaker 3: similar to this, and he is very much on the
• 25:04
  Speaker 3: man's mind, no question about.
• 25:05
  Speaker 1: Yeah, but look at it from a practical perspective, if
• 25:09
  Speaker 1: we separate the propaganda, just to be clear, if we
• 25:13
  Speaker 1: haven't been clear enough ducking and covering in the event
• 25:17
  Speaker 1: of a nuclear bomb on a school, it's not gonna save.
• 25:21
  Speaker 3: You, ain't gonna do it, not gonna happen, Nope. So
• 25:24
  Speaker 3: but it's good to have, you know, things that you
• 25:27
  Speaker 3: think will will help. Again, it's all it was propagandistic
• 25:30
  Speaker 3: and that none of this was going to actually do
• 25:32
  Speaker 3: any good, but it kind of had a calming effect.
• 25:35
  Speaker 1: Potential. Sure, Yeah, who doesn't level a little ritual, a
• 25:39
  Speaker 1: little procedural placebo, that's what this becomes. And W. Gale Sterns,
• 25:44
  Speaker 1: who is the director of the Civil Defense Division of
• 25:48
  Speaker 1: Education and Training, came to educators and said, look, you
• 25:53
  Speaker 1: need to not just settle for Bert the Turtle or
• 25:56
  Speaker 1: breakout Star. You need to make sure that we're in
• 26:00
  Speaker 1: co operating civil defense in every daily function. It's way
• 26:04
  Speaker 1: more than just something a federal agency does. You, my
• 26:09
  Speaker 1: fellow Americans, need to make this your way of life.
• 26:12
  Speaker 1: And that's where the whole bunker industry comes in, which
• 26:15
  Speaker 1: is cool.
• 26:23
  Speaker 3: Yeah, And as you mentioned earlier, been a lot of
• 26:24
  Speaker 3: this had to do with how unprepared we as a
• 26:27
  Speaker 3: country and as a government actually were. So this idea
• 26:31
  Speaker 3: of rather than maybe putting infrastructure in place, building these
• 26:36
  Speaker 3: things for you, having some sort of national preparedness plan,
• 26:40
  Speaker 3: it was almost like shifting the responsibility to the individuals.
• 26:44
  Speaker 1: Exactly one hundred percent, right. And I don't know, I
• 26:48
  Speaker 1: am sure that I've mentioned this to you some point
• 26:50
  Speaker 1: over the years, but I used to live in I
• 26:54
  Speaker 1: think there was a creepy stone castle essentially off a
• 26:58
  Speaker 1: street here called Morland Nice. I know Moreland. Yeah, like
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: the house on knee Bolt Street. It was built by
• 27:06
  Speaker 1: a very short man back in the twenties or thirties,
• 27:09
  Speaker 1: and it was not really up to modern code. But
• 27:13
  Speaker 1: one interesting thing this guy did, who was very paranoid,
• 27:16
  Speaker 1: he built a bomb shelter in his castle. There was
• 27:21
  Speaker 1: a room in the basement obviously you know windows, It
• 27:24
  Speaker 1: was four to five and it was creepy. We turned
• 27:27
  Speaker 1: it into a dark room for photography.
• 27:29
  Speaker 3: Bomb shelter, fallout, shelter, bunker, all of these things can
• 27:34
  Speaker 3: be synonymous, right, yeah.
• 27:36
  Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, exactly. And so let's fast forward. It's nineteen
• 27:40
  Speaker 1: fifty eight. President Eisenhower has issued something called the National
• 27:45
  Speaker 1: Shelter Policy, and this is a public info campaign trying
• 27:51
  Speaker 1: to motivate citizens to build their own home defenses, primarily
• 27:56
  Speaker 1: do it yourself bunkers. So again, like you were saying, no,
• 27:59
  Speaker 1: this puts the responsibility of civil defense on the individual,
• 28:04
  Speaker 1: on the family. And there were there were equally propagandistic
• 28:10
  Speaker 1: things that people said, like the Civil Defense director at
• 28:13
  Speaker 1: the time, Leo A. Wo h O E g h.
• 28:18
  Speaker 1: He said every hole should be a fortress.
• 28:21
  Speaker 3: Right and almost like factoring it in or piggybacking this
• 28:25
  Speaker 3: into this.
• 28:25
  Speaker 1: Idea of the American dream.
• 28:28
  Speaker 3: You know, like making it part of Like that's why
• 28:30
  Speaker 3: fall Out, the series and the video game is so
• 28:33
  Speaker 3: interesting because it does such a good job of like
• 28:36
  Speaker 3: the way they advertise these vault tech vaults.
• 28:38
  Speaker 1: It's in that.
• 28:39
  Speaker 3: Same kind of like, you know, the modern household, the
• 28:43
  Speaker 3: modern family, all of the amenities and technologies that you
• 28:47
  Speaker 3: know kind of were part and parcel for what it
• 28:49
  Speaker 3: meant to be a great American living in the age
• 28:52
  Speaker 3: of you know, technology in the future.
• 28:54
  Speaker 5: Yeah, and the jombing real quick, as you know, I'm
• 28:56
  Speaker 5: a big fall Out fanly, like all three of us.
• 28:58
  Speaker 5: It's like one of her things because it is kind
• 29:00
  Speaker 5: of an alternate universe where basically fifties culture just continues,
• 29:05
  Speaker 5: it doesn't change and progress sixties stuff like that. And
• 29:08
  Speaker 5: so yeah, it's just like watching all this stuff. I've
• 29:11
  Speaker 5: always found this is one of my favorite areas of studying.
• 29:14
  Speaker 5: But uh, and I think like Fallout just captures.
• 29:17
  Speaker 2: It so well.
• 29:18
  Speaker 1: I mean, I love retro futurism, man, I'm super into it.
• 29:22
  Speaker 1: And they're also selling this dystopian thing. The argument is
• 29:28
  Speaker 1: from officials is not only is it your duty as
• 29:32
  Speaker 1: an American citizen to be prepared. It is also your
• 29:36
  Speaker 1: privilege and it should be your aspiration. We're not just
• 29:40
  Speaker 1: gonna make you build a bomb shelter. We want you
• 29:44
  Speaker 1: to be happy that you're doing it right. We want
• 29:46
  Speaker 1: you to feel good about it.
• 29:48
  Speaker 3: Yeah, this idyllic sort of quality of like, no, no,
• 29:50
  Speaker 3: this is just it's the same as like, you know,
• 29:52
  Speaker 3: having the latest appliances in your kitchen, you also need
• 29:58
  Speaker 3: a really dope bomb shelter.
• 30:00
  Speaker 1: Yeah, right, keep up with the Joneses. And this is
• 30:03
  Speaker 1: where we see things like the senator from Georgia at
• 30:07
  Speaker 1: the time, or a senator from Georgia at the time,
• 30:10
  Speaker 1: Richard Russell. He's the damn guy, right, Richard B. Russell.
• 30:15
  Speaker 1: Dam isn't that a thing?
• 30:16
  Speaker 4: Oh?
• 30:16
  Speaker 1: I think you're correct, man, that's a great reference. I
• 30:19
  Speaker 1: didn't put that together, but yes, you're absolutely right. And
• 30:22
  Speaker 1: this guy, Senator Russell, would say, look these shelters that
• 30:28
  Speaker 1: again you people have to build. They are absolutely mission
• 30:33
  Speaker 1: critical for the US to maintain global dominance as a superpower.
• 30:38
  Speaker 1: He said, quote, if we have to start over with
• 30:41
  Speaker 1: another Adam and Eve, I want them to be Americans
• 30:44
  Speaker 1: and not Russians and I want them on this continent
• 30:47
  Speaker 1: and not in Europe.
• 30:48
  Speaker 3: However, the problem is, or the flip side of that
• 30:51
  Speaker 3: is the father of the higher gen bomb, doctor Edward
• 30:53
  Speaker 3: Teller said that without actual government subsidized preparedness and civil
• 30:59
  Speaker 3: defense infrastructure put in place like some of these, you know,
• 31:02
  Speaker 3: more nationalized bomb shelters, the United States.
• 31:06
  Speaker 1: Would quote cease to exist.
• 31:08
  Speaker 3: So this was really kind of kicking the can down
• 31:11
  Speaker 3: the road because of a lack of preparedness, because they
• 31:14
  Speaker 3: just were a little too high on our own supply
• 31:16
  Speaker 3: and thought nobody else can be as big of a
• 31:18
  Speaker 3: big shot as we.
• 31:19
  Speaker 1: Are, right exactly, and historically that doesn't work out well
• 31:24
  Speaker 1: for empires. The tensions continue to rise throughout the Cold War.
• 31:29
  Speaker 1: Fast forward. It's July twenty fifth, nineteen sixty one. We've
• 31:32
  Speaker 1: got a different president now. His name is JFK and
• 31:36
  Speaker 1: he has to go to the public and say, look, yes,
• 31:41
  Speaker 1: tensions are escalating, we want peace, but these guys are crazy.
• 31:47
  Speaker 1: And as a result, oh, friends and neighbors, it is
• 31:50
  Speaker 1: a great time to be in the home shelter business.
• 31:54
  Speaker 1: They're selling like hotcakes, they're selling like fruitcakes.
• 31:57
  Speaker 3: Yeah, that's where the whole voltech you know it comes
• 32:00
  Speaker 3: from the Fallout universe. So this really starts to become
• 32:03
  Speaker 3: a boom time for the Family Fallout Shelter, which was
• 32:06
  Speaker 3: actually the name of a book that sold twenty two
• 32:10
  Speaker 3: million copies nineteen fifty nine. The Family Fallout Shelter was
• 32:14
  Speaker 3: really a pamphlet, I guess you could call it. It
• 32:16
  Speaker 3: was released by the Office of Civil Defense Mobilization, and
• 32:19
  Speaker 3: in it they detailed a step by step guide for
• 32:23
  Speaker 3: explaining to families how to build their own fallout shelters
• 32:27
  Speaker 3: as an extension of their like home garages or basements
• 32:33
  Speaker 3: or digging into the backyard.
• 32:36
  Speaker 1: And these instructions are well intentioned, but they did not
• 32:40
  Speaker 1: age well. It's very much leaning on those nuclear family
• 32:45
  Speaker 1: gender roles that we mentioned earlier.
• 32:48
  Speaker 3: Mom wearing an apron, dad smoking a pipe, you know,
• 32:51
  Speaker 3: all of that stuff. This is like what a great
• 32:52
  Speaker 3: father son activity, right, digging out a fallout shelter would.
• 32:55
  Speaker 1: Be, right, exactly. And we can back this up with
• 32:59
  Speaker 1: a state from historian Sarah A. Lichtmann who said, quote,
• 33:03
  Speaker 1: the desire to protect the imperiled home long a bulwark
• 33:07
  Speaker 1: of American frontierism and self defense, now translated to staving
• 33:11
  Speaker 1: off the physical and psychological devastations of nuclear attack.
• 33:15
  Speaker 3: Well, then the question becomes, would these you know, obviously
• 33:19
  Speaker 3: thankfully knock kong would we didn't have to put this
• 33:22
  Speaker 3: to the test, But would these as described in the
• 33:25
  Speaker 3: family fault outsheltered structures or extensions of the home. Would
• 33:30
  Speaker 3: they have worked? Would they have been a little bit
• 33:32
  Speaker 3: of a step beyond duck and cover?
• 33:34
  Speaker 1: One might hope. Yeah, that's the million kiloton question, isn't it. No,
• 33:39
  Speaker 1: Because now we see again this ritual of doing something
• 33:44
  Speaker 1: to feel that you are protecting your family, to feel
• 33:47
  Speaker 1: that you are more empowered. But the materials that they
• 33:52
  Speaker 1: would use for construction had to be readily available, right,
• 33:58
  Speaker 1: so you had to go You're literally being told to
• 34:02
  Speaker 1: go to a hardware store and make a little room
• 34:06
  Speaker 1: that's a bit more fortified than the other rooms in
• 34:09
  Speaker 1: your house. And I think we all thought about this.
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: This is also the era of the like prefab homes
• 34:15
  Speaker 1: that Steers in Roebuck advertised in their catalogs. Steers in
• 34:18
  Speaker 1: Roebuck catalogs obviously a big propagandistic force in and of itself,
• 34:22
  Speaker 1: creating this.
• 34:23
  Speaker 3: Image of the the you know, the modern American family.
• 34:26
  Speaker 3: So think about it like that these are the kinds
• 34:29
  Speaker 3: of ad campaigns we'd be seeing, whether on the local
• 34:32
  Speaker 3: level or more national level, fire sale low price on
• 34:35
  Speaker 3: nuclear fallout shelters for a family of five, don't miss
• 34:38
  Speaker 3: this great opportunity to guarantee your future exactly.
• 34:41
  Speaker 1: Yeah. And we're talking about stuff like concrete blocks, ready
• 34:45
  Speaker 1: mixed border, wooden, post board, sheeting, pounds of Dale's you
• 34:49
  Speaker 1: know again, stuff you could get at your local ACE
• 34:52
  Speaker 1: hardware store essentially, And we can then say in our
• 34:58
  Speaker 1: buddy research associated Dilien agrees with us, we can then
• 35:00
  Speaker 1: say that, no, the vast majority of these home shelters
• 35:05
  Speaker 1: probably would not have worked in the face of a
• 35:09
  Speaker 1: direct nuclear attack. Yeah, yeah, I don't think so.
• 35:13
  Speaker 3: It's not to mention, like, I mean, if it wasn't
• 35:18
  Speaker 3: a direct hit though, Ben, Yeah, and you were able
• 35:21
  Speaker 3: to wade out the like literal fallout and all of
• 35:25
  Speaker 3: the nuclear materials and you know, the stuff that would
• 35:30
  Speaker 3: you know, permeate the air, you know, surrounding the impact
• 35:34
  Speaker 3: zone of a nuclear blast.
• 35:37
  Speaker 1: What would have been left exactly Yeah. I mean that's
• 35:40
  Speaker 1: the thing.
• 35:41
  Speaker 3: Too, like when you emerge, right, and that's also the
• 35:43
  Speaker 3: stuff of post apocalyptic fiction as well.
• 35:46
  Speaker 1: What happens after right, and you usually, yeah, you get
• 35:51
  Speaker 1: to that question of whether or not you want to
• 35:53
  Speaker 1: continue living in the world that is left in the
• 35:56
  Speaker 1: smoking ruins of human civilization. Again, folks, check out our
• 36:01
  Speaker 1: episode on stuff they Don't Want you to know? Can
• 36:04
  Speaker 1: you survive a nuclear attack? That was a very sobering
• 36:08
  Speaker 1: one for us. The statistics are frightening. It's also kind
• 36:12
  Speaker 1: of frightening too. I'm not sure what to make of this,
• 36:15
  Speaker 1: because it's frightening to imagine that the US government knew
• 36:20
  Speaker 1: it was misleading people and continue to do so. They
• 36:25
  Speaker 1: were asking people to lobby for the US to directly
• 36:28
  Speaker 1: strike the Soviet Union.
• 36:30
  Speaker 3: No, and again back to the hubris of it all,
• 36:33
  Speaker 3: I guess given you know, yeah, that was not great.
• 36:38
  Speaker 3: Knowing that the technology existed, perhaps it would have been
• 36:40
  Speaker 3: smart to have made some bigger picture, long game plans
• 36:45
  Speaker 3: for what might happen if this were to end up
• 36:47
  Speaker 3: in the hands of quote unquote the enemy. But given
• 36:50
  Speaker 3: the circumstances and all of that hubris, was this about
• 36:53
  Speaker 3: the best they could do given the timeline.
• 36:56
  Speaker 1: I think so, because they were at a crisis moment
• 37:00
  Speaker 1: and they were trying to thread the needle as best
• 37:02
  Speaker 1: they could, but it prevents all out panic, right, but
• 37:05
  Speaker 1: it absolutely did lead to ridiculous history. And this wasn't,
• 37:10
  Speaker 1: by the way, this wasn't a super successful initiative. By
• 37:14
  Speaker 1: around nineteen sixty, the real height of the Cold War,
• 37:18
  Speaker 1: as the West understands it, something like maybe three percent
• 37:22
  Speaker 1: of the American population had actually built a shelter.
• 37:25
  Speaker 3: Pretty rare to hear about, Like, oh, it's kind of
• 37:27
  Speaker 3: an oddity if you end up renting a home or
• 37:30
  Speaker 3: purchasing a home and no, there's a fallout shelter. Like,
• 37:33
  Speaker 3: it's definitely not something that there are an absolute heap of.
• 37:38
  Speaker 1: Yeah, you know what I mean. What they were aiming
• 37:40
  Speaker 1: for to be kind of like a normalized structure in
• 37:45
  Speaker 1: any given household, kind of the way that so many
• 37:49
  Speaker 1: homes in Finland have saunas, and it's normalized in like
• 37:53
  Speaker 1: an apartment complex. It's weird for there not to be
• 37:55
  Speaker 1: a sauna apparently. But this is where we have to
• 38:00
  Speaker 1: leave it. In the immortal words of our pal Bert
• 38:04
  Speaker 1: the Turtle, Duck and Cover, it's the best we got.
• 38:09
  Speaker 2: It's the best we've got.
• 38:11
  Speaker 1: We have the best audience in the history of podcasting.
• 38:14
  Speaker 1: That's you, specifically you. Thank you so much for tuning in, folks,
• 38:18
  Speaker 1: and big thanks to our super producer mister Max Williams, and.
• 38:21
  Speaker 3: Huge thanks to our research associated for this episode, Dylan
• 38:23
  Speaker 3: Wade Clark, excellent job on this brief.
• 38:27
  Speaker 1: Jeez, Chris Frasiotis and Eves Jeff Coates here in spirit. Oh,
• 38:30
  Speaker 1: totally yeah, Doctor Rachel Big Spinach, Lance aj Bahamas, Jacobs,
• 38:36
  Speaker 1: and famously the guy who wouldn't let other people into
• 38:39
  Speaker 1: his fallout shelter, Jonathan Strickland. Man, I'm sure you would
• 38:43
  Speaker 1: if we asked nicely. Let's text him. Okay, let's do it.
• 38:47
  Speaker 1: We'll see you next time, folks.
• 38:56
  Speaker 3: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,
• 39:00
  Speaker 3: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows,