Latest / The Photography & Video Show Podcast / 7: Film and video with Jim Marks, smartphone photography with Jo Bradford, Apple’s ‘Scary Fast’ event shot on iPhone
Transcript
- 0:10David McClelland: Hello, and welcome to the Photography and Video Show Podcast.
- 0:14David McClelland: I'm your host, David McClelland.
- 0:16David McClelland: And in this month's show, we lean quite heavily into smartphone, photography, and video.
- 0:24David McClelland: Photographic artist, award-winning smartphone photographer, and best-selling author Jo Bradford talks us through her philosophy and her work.
- 0:35Jo Bradford: And I was the most analogue person ever, so I would never want to put them anywhere publicly but I was persuaded to stick some of them on Instagram and, rapidly actually picked up a really huge Instagram following for, the time, what I thought was, you know, smartphone photos, having a hundred felt like huge to me that it accelerated really quickly and so I stopped being ashamed of being a smartphone photographer and tried to kind of engage with this idea of smartphone photography
- 1:00David McClelland: We also look at the latest kit announcements and dissect the recent'Scary Fast''Shot- on- iPhone' Apple event.
- 1:09David McClelland: Joining us to do this is award-winning photographer, DOP editor, and nice anarchist.
- 1:14David McClelland: It's Jim Marks, everyone.
- 1:16David McClelland: Hello, Jim.
- 1:16David McClelland: Thanks for joining us.
- 1:17Jim Marks: David, lovely to be here.
- 1:18Jim Marks: Thank you.
- 1:19David McClelland: Give us the Jim Marks one oh one!
- 1:21Jim Marks: Oh my God.
- 1:22Jim Marks: Um, well, first of all, I'm very old.
- 1:24Jim Marks: let's be clear.
- 1:25Jim Marks: Um, I've been, I've been in this industry.
- 1:27Jim Marks: Been lucky enough to be in it for over three decades.
- 1:30Jim Marks: Which is a mighty amount of time.
- 1:33Jim Marks: I'm very grateful.
- 1:35Jim Marks: I love it.
- 1:35Jim Marks: You can split my career actually in two.
- 1:38Jim Marks: You can say the first half was photography.
- 1:40Jim Marks: The second half was filmmaking.
- 1:41Jim Marks: It's all my career's always been about change and I mean that in in a positive way technological change Client change delivery change, you know, we've I started with film.
- 1:52Jim Marks: I went to labs.
- 1:53Jim Marks: I did clip tests.
- 1:54Jim Marks: I bought stuff I pushed and pulled my exposures You know, I had roll film.
- 1:59Jim Marks: I loved that heritage and
- 2:01David McClelland: It was a very manual process then, which we'll be talking about later on with our feature guests.
- 2:05Jim Marks: Yeah, hugely manual, but also hugely social, because we'd all meet in the pub waiting for our film, round the corner from the lab, you know, and there was, the assistants all knew each other, and I was lucky to assist some great people, and it was, it was, it was a very vibrant, photographic scene, and then of course we had the massive shifts, whether it's the internet, digital, And then and now film, obviously, and the way media is changed and the way it's consumed.
- 2:33Jim Marks: So, uh, the last 30 years have been quite busy, but I enjoy that.
- 2:38David McClelland: This qualifies you well.
- 2:39David McClelland: This is the Photography and Video Show Podcast.
- 2:42David McClelland: You tick both of those boxes amply.
- 2:46David McClelland: In terms of your recent work, just help us to tune into the sort of projects that you get involved in and the roles that you play in them.
- 2:53Jim Marks: Um, well, I it kind of splits.
- 2:56Jim Marks: I mean, I kind of go into it now with very much a filmmaking approach.
- 3:02Jim Marks: If without wanting to offend any photographers, photography is a day off.
- 3:06Jim Marks: Okay, photography is, photography, photography is easy.
- 3:11Jim Marks: Okay, and I know they're probably throwing something at the screen now.
- 3:14Jim Marks: Um, it can be one bag, it can be one light, it can be fixed in post.
- 3:19Jim Marks: Okay, but.
- 3:21Jim Marks: You know, I love photography.
- 3:22Jim Marks: I love what it offers.
- 3:24Jim Marks: But filmmaking has a completely different set of challenges.
- 3:28Jim Marks: Uh, you have to make a story, even if it's eight seconds long.
- 3:31Jim Marks: you have social media.
- 3:32Jim Marks: You have a beginning, a middle, and an end.
- 3:34Jim Marks: You have the whole joy of audio.
- 3:36Jim Marks: Then you have the editing process, which can be both torturous and beautiful.
- 3:40Jim Marks: So, You've got all of that stuff, but there are loads of skills, um, that a photographer does bring to filmmaking and vice versa.
- 3:48Jim Marks: It's a, it's a two way street.
- 3:50David McClelland: So if you agree with Jim that photography is a day off, then great.
- 3:54David McClelland: If you vehemently disagree, then we'll be finding out what Jim's handles on social media are later on.
- 4:01David McClelland: But Jim, thank you for setting us up.
- 4:10David McClelland: So, let's take a look at what's been happening in the news over the last few weeks.
- 4:14David McClelland: Now, these days, November is, well, somewhat dominated by Black Friday and Cyber Monday.
- 4:20David McClelland: Sales exclusive, deals, double cashback, triple discount, all the rest of that.
- 4:25David McClelland: retailers and manufacturers obviously trying to shift their stock before the end of the year.
- 4:29David McClelland: And that can mean that news is a little bit thin on the ground, but not necessarily this year.
- 4:35David McClelland: Uh, Jim, there's been a few bits and bobs that, uh, have risen to the top of my news bag over the last few weeks.
- 4:41David McClelland: Sony has been releasing lots of cameras this year.
- 4:45David McClelland: I the A9 III, which the headline specs there, it can shoot at one eighty thousandth of a second, shutter speed.
- 4:53David McClelland: And, the bit that I want to, have a chat with you about here, Jim, is world's first, big rabbit's ears I'm giving there, full frame global shutter sensor.
- 5:03David McClelland: Now I know that, that you, you have your feet in the, in the Fujifilm camp there, so let's kind of park the Sony bit to one side.
- 5:11David McClelland: But from a, from the development of digital videography when it comes to cameras like the A9 and many others as well.
- 5:21David McClelland: Just talk me through the importance of the full frame and in particular the global shutter bit there, because that's what Sony seems to be going to market on, or at least lots of journalists have been picking up on.
- 5:32David McClelland: How important is it really to have that?
- 5:36David McClelland: What difference is that going to enable, if any, to creatives?
- 5:40Jim Marks: Global Shutter or Shutter Readout in all its forms, you're right, it's become more important as videos sort of come up and you can see it sometimes, but it can be, it can be overstated and there are many ways to skin a cat.
- 5:55Jim Marks: in ways to approach this.
- 5:56Jim Marks: I mean, there are certainly subjects and kind of material that global shutters very useful for very fast moving sport, for instance, and there are things where sensor readout, certainly in the past, especially on large format or big cameras have been slow, and so you might shoot a high resolution sort of 6K, 8K K and you might have a slower processor in the camera.
- 6:17Jim Marks: And, you know, if you're doing a lot of whip pans, you can see that sort of jelloed effect in a conventional sensor, in a CMOS sensor, you can see the movement, and that can be distracting.
- 6:27Jim Marks: That's absolutely a fact.
- 6:28Jim Marks: Now a global shutter because obviously it's reading it in an instant, instantly you don't get that.
- 6:34Jim Marks: But there can be a dynamic price to pay.
- 6:37Jim Marks: There's no such thing as a free lunch with any camera.
- 6:40Jim Marks: Um, so it's a balance, isn't it?
- 6:42Jim Marks: I'll tell you one quick thing about sensor readouts that I really noticed when, when they launched the new GFX Mark II, you know, the large format sensor
- 6:51David McClelland: Yeah, yeah, yeah.
- 6:51David McClelland: Ange.
- 6:51David McClelland: Ange was talking
- 6:53Jim Marks: yeah, and you would,
- 6:54David McClelland: on with that a couple of months
- 6:55Jim Marks: and previously for video, you know, you might say actually the readout on that sensor, cause it's massive, it's too, it's too slow, but in 4k narrative on that camera, it's 15 milliseconds, which is exactly the same as the previous A1.
- 7:10David McClelland: Okay.
- 7:10Jim Marks: what we're seeing with all manufacturers is increased processor speed.
- 7:15David McClelland: Yes.
- 7:15Jim Marks: More grunt under the hood, and a better application of that grunt on the sensors to give you those faster readouts.
- 7:22Jim Marks: I welcome all innovation from all manufacturers.
- 7:25Jim Marks: When I think of what I spent on old Red cameras, I'm going back like 12 years, the amount of money.
- 7:31Jim Marks: That we spent to get something now that your phone can do in a superior way years later.
- 7:38Jim Marks: I mean, that, that's, that's the sheer progress, uh, you know, and also affordability.
- 7:43Jim Marks: Because a lot of the features and the readout speeds and the stuff that we can now do with our cameras.
- 7:50Jim Marks: They are, they are affordable in relative terms.
- 7:53Jim Marks: You know, we're not paying, we're not paying what we paid ten, ten or even five years ago.
- 7:57Jim Marks: You know, XS20, 1200 quid.
- 8:00Jim Marks: It's got a 6K oversample sensor.
- 8:02Jim Marks: There is all sorts of advantages that then trickle down from your high line camera, from your, you know, flagship hero camera.
- 8:10Jim Marks: You know, and it's just picking.
- 8:11Jim Marks: I think it's very much for the photographer or the filmmaker to try and pick the correct brand with the correct feature set that works for your work.
- 8:19David McClelland: So, just to, expand on that a little bit.
- 8:22David McClelland: I was away this week, in Frankfurt of all places, having peak Christmas as we're recording on the 1st of December right now.
- 8:30David McClelland: Uh, we had snow in Frankfurt.
- 8:32David McClelland: There's an amazing Christmas market out there.
- 8:35David McClelland: Basically Christmas is already done and it's the 1st of December for me.
- 8:38David McClelland: But with my in front of the camera at work, uh, the videographer who I was working with was shooting with a, with a Fujifilm.
- 8:45David McClelland: And that is not usual, Jim.
- 8:47David McClelland: I'm going to say it.
- 8:48David McClelland: Usually it is, either with a Sony camera on the shoulder or it's going to be something like a Panasonic GH5 or a Sony a7 or something like that you know, we've seen the kind of event stuff and even broadcast as well these days let's face it move to smaller and smaller and mirrorless cameras and hybrid cameras and so on but I haven't seen Fuji films so much in that space Why do you think that has been?
- 9:16David McClelland: Is it just down to choice?
- 9:18David McClelland: Is it down to perception?
- 9:19David McClelland: Is it down to, well, if I'm a jobbing videographer and everyone else is using an A7 or whatever it is, then just to fit in and make sure that the stuff that I'm shooting will cut in with what they're doing, will match nicely in post, then I will get the same as them.
- 9:33David McClelland: What kind of reasons are there, do you think?
- 9:35David McClelland: And are they really valid reasons now?
- 9:38Jim Marks: I mean, it began with the XH2S, the very fast sensor readout, um, camera.
- 9:44Jim Marks: And then from that camera, we've had the XH2 and the XS20 and then obviously the GFX.
- 9:50Jim Marks: Fuji have like many manufacturers seen that the growth in the need for video features, drives the market drives the technology drives drives where where they should be.
- 10:02Jim Marks: I mean, one of the nice things about Fuji.
- 10:04Jim Marks: You remember they made film.
- 10:05Jim Marks: We go back to my old my old world.
- 10:08Jim Marks: Yeah, they made film and they've taken all of those films and made film simulations.
- 10:14Jim Marks: So you have Provia.
- 10:15Jim Marks: You have Astia and you in the in the new GFX.
- 10:18Jim Marks: You have you have Riala these new simulations and they work in video.
- 10:23Jim Marks: So I mean absolutely as you said it's great to see them making inroads Into that market being used, I think I think a lot of it is down to the to the great color Um, and the, and the features, particularly on that smaller XH2S, it's got an incredibly fast sensor readout.
- 10:41Jim Marks: Um, we talked about global shutter, the rolling shutter on that is very, very low.
- 10:45Jim Marks: Um, you know, it's, it's literally unnoticeable.
- 10:48Jim Marks: Um, it's got ProRes internal, so if you want a decent codec inside that's recognized by any edit NLE, ProRes, you've got that, you've got H.
- 10:58Jim Marks: 265, 10 bit 422, CFast Type B, all of the standard stuff that a lot of manufacturers are doing, but with, I like to say, that Fujifilm twist.
- 11:08Jim Marks: Because they do tend to do things a little differently, you know, you think about the 100V, you think about the large format, they tend to slightly go their own way, which is quite fun.
- 11:19David McClelland: Moving on to our next item of news, we've also seen only, uh, only a couple of weeks ago, Kodak bringing to life a new Super 8 limited edition camera.
- 11:30David McClelland: Did you ever shoot on Super 8, Jim?
- 11:32Jim Marks: I have played around with Super 8 in my youth.
- 11:35Jim Marks: I think it's brilliant they've done it.
- 11:37Jim Marks: I know they announced this like five years ago and everyone's been going, is it, is it vaporware or does it, or will it actually exist?
- 11:43Jim Marks: Um, I'm pleased to see it.
- 11:45Jim Marks: I think it's a really fun thing.
- 11:47Jim Marks: Uh, I think the price is a bit, you know, like a
- 11:51David McClelland: Five thousand dollars.
- 11:53Jim Marks: with a mini, with a mini HDMI or USB at the back, which is like, hang on, can we have a
- 11:58David McClelland: that is from five years ago,
- 11:59Jim Marks: Yeah, I know that is maybe they designed it then and forgot to update it.
- 12:03Jim Marks: But joking aside, it's really fun to see.
- 12:06Jim Marks: think there's a lot to be learnt in terms of craft from something that is very finite with film.
- 12:13Jim Marks: there, there's a limit.
- 12:13Jim Marks: It's a bit like going back to 36 frames or 12 on a roll.
- 12:17Jim Marks: you have to really consider your choices of when you turn, when, when you take a picture because it's expensive and it is a very finite medium.
- 12:26Jim Marks: And, but, but there's a lovely quality to it and, uh, it's a really interesting camera.
- 12:31Jim Marks: I can't wait to try it or see it.
- 12:32Jim Marks: I think it's quite a fun thing to look at.
- 12:34Jim Marks: Definitely.
- 12:35David McClelland: You talk about the economy of shooting stills on a roll.
- 12:39David McClelland: You know, when you're shooting film on a roll, you are, you really do have to learn economy.
- 12:44David McClelland: You need to get your shots right.
- 12:46David McClelland: You need to be very.
- 12:47Jim Marks: And, and don't forget
- 12:48David McClelland: Purposeful about what you're shooting.
- 12:51Jim Marks: I got told a horror story actually yesterday by someone about, um, some students who shot a whole load of film and never checked the gate on the
- 12:58David McClelland: Oh, check the gate!
- 12:59Jim Marks: check the gate, check the gate.
- 13:01Jim Marks: So they put the camera down on the carpet and then they went back and they discovered to their horror when they developed it, that it was covered in lines of hairs.
- 13:09Jim Marks: You know, it's, it's a craft and like anything finite, it teaches you about the art of when to push the red button.
- 13:19Jim Marks: And what do you really need to make your story?
- 13:22Jim Marks: And it's just a really fun thing to have.
- 13:25Jim Marks: I think, even Instax cameras, instant cameras, you know, you've only got a certain amount within there.
- 13:31Jim Marks: And that means you have to edit in a different way.
- 13:34Jim Marks: You have to shoot in a different way.
- 13:35Jim Marks: You can't just fill a memory card up and put another one in.
- 13:38Jim Marks: Uh, I'm, I'm all for that.
- 13:40Jim Marks: But I actually think it makes you a better shooter.
- 13:43David McClelland: check the gate.
- 13:44David McClelland: I've only been involved in one film job that well closely involved in one film job that was shot on film and we're going back to the mid 2000s.
- 13:53David McClelland: It was actually an advert or a promo right in the very early days of internet video or, you know, social sharing of video for a Sony PlayStation game.
- 14:04David McClelland: It was on the Sony PlayStation 2 Buzz the Mega Quiz and that was shot on film in a flat somewhere in, in Trendy East London.
- 14:12David McClelland: After every shot, it's almost as though the crew was crossing their fingers and there was that, that shout, check the gate, you know, it's like, right, everyone hold, crossed your fingers just to make sure that that shot was good and just, just that kind of sense of danger after every take, was really palpable for throughout the whole day.
- 14:32Jim Marks: I mean, could you imagine if today's generation of photographers couldn't see what they'd got until they went to a lab?
- 14:38Jim Marks: I think we'd all have a collective breakdown.
- 14:41David McClelland: Just to cover off a couple of bits of news in brief and then we'll chat with Joe Bradford, our feature guest this week about smartphone photography, Canon has announced, what I think it was James Artais on Digital Camera World said is, uh, meet the Trinity Buster.
- 14:56David McClelland: Obviously, Canon has been releasing a whole new load of lenses since the R system came out just over five years or so ago now.
- 15:04David McClelland: And it's a very impressive looking 24 105 great focal length at f2.
- 15:11David McClelland: 8 with a zoom capability built in as well.
- 15:16David McClelland: Um, that looks like it's going to be very high on many people's Christmas lists this year.
- 15:22David McClelland: We spoke earlier this season with Boris Eldagsen about his controversial work, the electrician, Pseudomnesia, the electrician, to give it its full title.
- 15:32David McClelland: I was delighted to hear from Boris a few weeks ago, and the exhibition that he spoke about on the podcast, uh, has come to bear.
- 15:40David McClelland: So, uh, unfortunately I wasn't able to make it over to Germany to see his exhibition.
- 15:45David McClelland: But the work that he created that did win the creative category of the Sony World Photography Awards earlier this year, The Electrician, went on sale for twenty-thousand euros in Paris.
- 15:58David McClelland: Don't know if anyone has picked it up, but uh, if you were a fan of Boris's work, maybe get in touch with the gallery in Paris.
- 16:06David McClelland: And also something we touched on last month when we were chatting with Peter Dench is about authenticity in a world of.
- 16:13David McClelland: AI images and, uh, we saw that Sony and Associated Press are on a mission to tackle fake images once again with in camera authentication of images and, uh, like I say, Leica's also been doing some work in this area as well and there does seem to be some other moves by other makers throughout the workflow also that, also that somebody somewhere in the workflow can go, was this created by a camera?
- 16:40David McClelland: Can I trust it?
- 16:41David McClelland: And particularly when we're talking about journalism, photojournalism and so on, does that become important?
- 16:48David McClelland: On this authenticity piece and the way that we're seeing generative AI become more and more a part of our workflows in, or potentially, should we say, available as part of our workflows in our visual work, how is this sitting with you at the moment?
- 17:05David McClelland: Do you find yourself using some of these tools at the moment to augment your creativity or?
- 17:11David McClelland: Are you still of the camp that, no, I need to be creating it myself?
- 17:15David McClelland: Whereabouts are you?
- 17:17Jim Marks: well, really interesting topic.
- 17:18Jim Marks: the first thing I will say is that I'm all for authenticity in camera.
- 17:23Jim Marks: I think a standard, I think Adobe had, has created this standard or something.
- 17:27Jim Marks: I think it's a good idea.
- 17:28Jim Marks: I don't think it's a bad idea.
- 17:30Jim Marks: I think it's a good idea.
- 17:31Jim Marks: I think it helps.
- 17:32Jim Marks: I think if we can have something on everyone's frame that says a human being made this, I can't see the downside.
- 17:39Jim Marks: I think that's a positive thing.
- 17:41Jim Marks: AI generally.
- 17:43Jim Marks: Well, we fall, don't we, between the dystopian, it's the end of days, there'll be no work, Elon Musk, and Is it a useful tool?
- 17:52Jim Marks: I, I, I think it's a bit of both.
- 17:55Jim Marks: I remember what the internet did to photography as a business and I remember how suddenly There were enormous libraries available of images for very little money.
- 18:10Jim Marks: And, uh, working photographers struggled.
- 18:14Jim Marks: Because where you might be commissioned to go and shoot something or, you know, actually I can buy that in a library for two pence, I'll do that.
- 18:20Jim Marks: Or I'll get it free.
- 18:21Jim Marks: And that really impacted photography.
- 18:24Jim Marks: And I think AI has the potential to do that to all media.
- 18:29Jim Marks: Be it photography, video, content or adverts.
- 18:32Jim Marks: I I think you can't stop it sadly, but I think you can put in place strategies like authentication and also perhaps business practices for individuals to to kind of mitigate it.
- 18:47David McClelland: Jim, thank you very much indeed for now.
- 18:49David McClelland: We'll press pause on the news there for a moment and switch over to this month's feature.
- 19:00David McClelland: Joe Brentford is an award-winning photographic artist and best selling author.
- 19:04David McClelland: Her books on smartphone, photography have been part of a movement over the last decade that's helped shape the perception of smartphone cameras as serious creative tools.
- 19:20David McClelland: Jo when I look at your work, I'm immediately drawn to the application and your sensitivity to colour.
- 19:28David McClelland: Can you describe your approach, your philosophy behind colour?
- 19:33Jo Bradford: In my other part of my photographic career, I work in a color darkroom still to this day.
- 19:38Jo Bradford: And I'm very interested in the way light and color, um, perform and the way they can be recorded on light sensitive material, but also on the light, not just light sensitive substrates like I find in my darkroom, but also the sensor on your camera is another way of Um, recording light and color and I've always been fascinated with, um, the work of color theorists like Josef Albers and the way that Bauhaus taught photographers to work, um, in shape and form.
- 20:05Jo Bradford: So applying those kind of color theory things to the way shape and form is I think is essentially what makes a good photo.
- 20:12Jo Bradford: I kind of feel like each opportunity to make a piece of work is a way of thinking about the artistic things that go with making pictures rather than just snapping and snatching images and walking away.
- 20:22Jo Bradford: So thank you for noticing.
- 20:25David McClelland: Well, I go to the front page of your website, and we'll put a link to that in the show notes, and, let me write at the top, photographic artist there.
- 20:33David McClelland: It's not, well tell me.
- 20:36David McClelland: I'm not seeing one.
- 20:38David McClelland: palette of colour there, for example.
- 20:41David McClelland: It's not as though you focus on pastels, necessarily.
- 20:44David McClelland: I'm seeing some really vibrant blues, lots of greens, lots of reds here as well.
- 20:49David McClelland: Do you find yourself drawn to a particular, a particular set of colours?
- 20:54David McClelland: A particular feel?
- 20:56David McClelland: A particular, aesthetic?
- 20:58David McClelland: Or is it really a celebration of whatever colours come to you in context?
- 21:02Jo Bradford: I think I used to find that I made most of my work in blues and greens.
- 21:06Jo Bradford: I'm very drawn colours of nature.
- 21:08Jo Bradford: but recently I've been enjoying kind of pushing myself outside of my comfort zone and making the colour work that you're talking about work that I sell in galleries.
- 21:16Jo Bradford: I've got representation in London and Paris and, the work that sort of sells well to buyers of fine art through fine art galleries is kind of dependent on what they're kind of looking to buy in their home.
- 21:28Jo Bradford: So I feel like if I spent too much time thinking about what the audience wanted, it would be really difficult.
- 21:32Jo Bradford: So I tried to just make work based around colors that inspire me.
- 21:36Jo Bradford: So quite often I have a huge window in my studio and I get to, I'm very high up on Dartmoor where I live off grid and I have this opportunity to watch the light change in the evenings and change from blues and greens.
- 21:48Jo Bradford: On the landscape to these kind of reds and warm orange tones and yellows and so on.
- 21:53Jo Bradford: So I think that I kind of end up making work depending on what I've seen out of my window for the last few weeks.
- 21:58Jo Bradford: But when I'm in my darkroom, I'm recording colored lights.
- 22:01Jo Bradford: So I filter away the lights that I don't need out of the visible white light spectrum.
- 22:04Jo Bradford: And then just those images that you're looking at on my website are literally just the record of certain colors.
- 22:09Jo Bradford: And I can kind of mask one in and mask another one out physically with my hands and bits of card to make.
- 22:15Jo Bradford: Colours change.
- 22:16Jo Bradford: So it's a very physical thing, my interaction with colour happens on a very physical level in a pitch black darkroom with no other light apart from what's happening in my uh, in my enlarger.
- 22:25Jo Bradford: It
- 22:32David McClelland: window there, but I know that Dartmoor's where you're based now, but that wasn't where you were raised.
- 22:36David McClelland: You were raised in South Africa.
- 22:38David McClelland: Do you find colours from that part of your life still have an influence?
- 22:43David McClelland: Because I imagine it's a different colour palette there than what you experience now.
- 22:49Jo Bradford: It really is.
- 22:50Jo Bradford: the, the African colour palette is far more autumnal, sort of browns and reds and warmer tones to the Dartmoor colour scheme that I have.
- 22:58Jo Bradford: So I feel like I do lurch between the two from time to time and I wear a lot of warm colours these days.
- 23:04Jo Bradford: I went through a phase of wearing all black all the time for ages and now I'm really enjoying dressing more like my African childhood again with lots of bright reds and warm tones because all the colours of clothing are dyed in such warm, vibrant ways in African culture.
- 23:17Jo Bradford: So, I feel like it's a big mishmash of all the parts of me put together to make me the person I am now.
- 23:22David McClelland: And speaking of mishmash, as you put it, not me, it does seem as though there are different processes that you go through an artist.
- 23:31David McClelland: It's a photographic artist.
- 23:32David McClelland: It's not just capturing pictures.
- 23:34David McClelland: You have an element of processing and masking as you describe it there.
- 23:39David McClelland: So it is kind of bringing together different media, treating them in different ways, feeling very, manual.
- 23:47David McClelland: is really important to you, I take it.
- 23:49Jo Bradford: It is.
- 23:49Jo Bradford: I think, with photography, the medium has so much potential and you can make so much work in ways that are unexpected and creative and unique.
- 23:58Jo Bradford: And I feel like often when people just think about the camera on its own, that that can be almost limiting in a way.
- 24:04Jo Bradford: So thinking about what the medium of photography can do in general, if you take in all of the analog aspects of photography, which is something that I'll be talking about, um, at The Photography Show on the Analog Stage this year.
- 24:15Jo Bradford: It's just looking at the way analog processes can be explored to give you something else from the photographic medium other than just what you get from lens based work.
- 24:24Jo Bradford: So, I think, um, for me, process is fascinating.
- 24:27Jo Bradford: It's returning as often as I can to that original magic of being taught to make photos in a dark room as a very small child and understanding the way that the light would make this image appear and the kind of emotional feeling that you would have from seeing a picture appear out of the darkness onto a sheet of paper, so.
- 24:47Jo Bradford: I feel like, um, my process driven work is very much about exploring those same ideas and searching for those same feelings that I always had as a, you know, a starter out in photography many years ago.
- 24:57David McClelland: And like you say, that process is what you'll be describing some of at the photography show in March.
- 25:03David McClelland: And it just occurs to me, do you feel as though we've seen, and the photography show is just one reflection of this, but we see it elsewhere as well, this almost a return to to manual.
- 25:17David McClelland: We've seen a lot of analog, a lot of film photography returning.
- 25:20David McClelland: Do you feel as though in a way this is a response to the fact that digital photography is almost moving in the opposite direction with all of the amazing autofocus, computational photography, everything that modern digital cameras can do, that With every action, there's a reaction, and this manual process, getting manually into the art again, is some kind of artistic balance?
- 25:48Jo Bradford: I think it really is.
- 25:50Jo Bradford: I, I have a, a new Fujifilm GFX 50 S2, which I absolutely love and will spend many a happy hour out in my local woodland photographing scenes around me and absolutely adore the pristine, wonderful, clean, digitally perfect photographs that that camera takes.
- 26:08Jo Bradford: I love it.
- 26:08Jo Bradford: And I love the photos that my phone takes as well, my iPhone, but on the other side of things, there's something about that kind of um, the balance of being in touch with photography in all its forms that I feel like I can't let go of.
- 26:21Jo Bradford: I'm just a fan of photography in every single way that it exists.
- 26:24Jo Bradford: And so you'll happily find me making cyanotypes one day or working in my colour darkroom another and then taking one of my digital cameras out.
- 26:32Jo Bradford: I've also got some, like an old couple of Olympus, um, Pen FT half frame cameras that I shove.
- 26:38Jo Bradford: I've got a black and white film permanently in one and a colour film in the other.
- 26:41Jo Bradford: And they're always in my handbag.
- 26:42Jo Bradford: I'm excited.
- 26:43Jo Bradford: I'm always out and about with some form of camera, engaging with photography in some form.
- 26:48David McClelland: You mentioned that your smartphone is one of the cameras that you go out shooting with there, Joe, and of course this is another part of your journey over the last few years that you've explored very publicly, and in fact you've published a number of books including one very recently in this area, so tell me about how the smartphone part of your journey began and where it's taken you since.
- 27:12Jo Bradford: in 2013, when I was pregnant with my daughter, it would have been wildly inappropriate to be spending time in a dark room mixing up chemistry and having given birth as well.
- 27:23Jo Bradford: I was in the same, situation.
- 27:25Jo Bradford: So I felt like I still was out wanting to take photographs every day.
- 27:29Jo Bradford: And it felt important that I did, keep being creative.
- 27:33Jo Bradford: for me.
- 27:33Jo Bradford: Having my camera phone in my pocket at all times was just a way of, to start with taking sketches of things in my mind.
- 27:40Jo Bradford: So we'd go out for walks, my baby and I, and out on the moor.
- 27:43Jo Bradford: And I think this place would be great to come back with one of my medium format cameras and re photograph.
- 27:48Jo Bradford: So I'll take a picture with my phone for now and have it as a sketchbook of places to come back to when the opportunity presents itself.
- 27:55Jo Bradford: And, um, over time I would show friends my photos on my phone.
- 28:00Jo Bradford: And I was the most analogue person ever, so I would never want to put them anywhere publicly but I was persuaded to stick some of them on Instagram and, rapidly actually picked up a really huge Instagram following for, the time, what I thought was, you know, smartphone photos, having a hundred felt like huge to me that it accelerated really quickly and so I stopped being ashamed of being a smartphone photographer and tried to kind of engage with this idea of smartphone photography.
- 28:24Jo Bradford: So, my smartphone photography specific Instagram account is at Green Island Studios and I just post pictures of Dartmoor there and everything on that Instagram is just photos taken with my phone and it's kind of had a, A loyal following for such a long time now that I feel that that's very much part of who I am.
- 28:42Jo Bradford: It's part of my DNA as a photographer that the smartphone is a way of me engaging with photography whenever the whim takes me.
- 28:48Jo Bradford: I never have to miss a second of wanting to take pictures because I've always got some form of camera.
- 28:54Jo Bradford: And my smartphone is very much an important part of my arsenal, as it were.
- 28:58Jo Bradford: Mmm.
- 29:00David McClelland: you mentioned there in the early 20 teens.
- 29:02David McClelland: There was a real realisation that the smartphone isn't just a make do camera.
- 29:09David McClelland: This can be used for professional work, professional creativity, whether that's photography, videography, journalism, content creation in the broader sense.
- 29:19David McClelland: And there was a real movement.
- 29:21David McClelland: was such a fantastic time to be part of that community and seeing, um, the likes of Brendan O'Shea, for example, over in Ireland, and so on, and yourself creating and also building up such a following.
- 29:35David McClelland: Leveraging platforms like Instagram.
- 29:37David McClelland: Where, where do you feel as though we are, we are now because we're some 10 years on from that awakening, I think, do you see them in the same, um, area, the same category as maybe smaller digital cameras, or do you still think there is a, a real uniqueness about what they are capable of, about the feel of the output that they produce?
- 30:01Jo Bradford: let's say for example, when the little Sony XR 100s and, you know, those other small cameras that are also really easy to slip into your pocket and a lovely extra thing to have in your arsenal.
- 30:11Jo Bradford: The difference between them, of course, is the phone.
- 30:14Jo Bradford: itself has a lot of algorithms and computational photography attached to it that you see less of with the, um, kind of pocket cameras, the small digicams and so on.
- 30:23Jo Bradford: So I think it has a different place because it provides a different kind of image.
- 30:28Jo Bradford: But for me, I kind of just think of it as another tool in my box.
- 30:32Jo Bradford: Um, and the one that will come out.
- 30:34Jo Bradford: If I haven't made the effort to go out with a big camera and specifically look for images, a lot of stuff that I photograph is incidental, things that I just see in my day to day life, and so that's the perfect camera for that part of the job.
- 30:46Jo Bradford: But interestingly, my new book, Viewpoint, is um, the kind of premise for writing that or putting that book together when I approach publishers about that one.
- 30:54Jo Bradford: It's my first not how to book and the reason why I wanted to make that was to say that I feel like we're at a point in our history is in photography that the smartphone is now.
- 31:04Jo Bradford: Indistinguishable photographically, the images from smartphones, should I say, are somewhat indistinguishable from other forms of, photographic devices or photographic cameras.
- 31:14Jo Bradford: And I kind of had found a large collection of photographers whose work is absolutely stunning.
- 31:19Jo Bradford: Brendan O'Shea is one of them that you mentioned earlier.
- 31:21Jo Bradford: and had sort of said to my publisher, is there any chance I could make a kind of, just a book that shows a collective, view of the world through smartphone photography taken by amazing photographers all over the globe and the idea here being that you would not look at any of these pictures and think they were taken on a phone.
- 31:36Jo Bradford: They just look like any other beautiful.
- 31:39Jo Bradford: Collection of images that you might find in a, in a, in a book, in a, an art gallery bookshop or so on.
- 31:44Jo Bradford: So, it ended up being something that I was super proud to make.
- 31:48Jo Bradford: I have 54 contributors in that book.
- 31:50Jo Bradford: And when you through the pages of it, it's hard to believe that these people are just working with phones.
- 31:54Jo Bradford: And I say, just as if that's in some form diminishing what phones can do, but it's just shows that any tool in the right hands can be used to great effect.
- 32:04David McClelland: I think we've spoken about this on the show before, about the different feel that you get when you're interacting with, uh, It's device that we, kind irrespective of whether it's got a camera or not, we carry one around with us every day, we feel comfortable with it.
- 32:21David McClelland: We're used to cracking open the camera and doing a selfie, or filming ourselves, or doing a FaceTime call, or whatever it is.
- 32:28David McClelland: So, what I find interesting here about the storytelling that you were looking to tap into, the intimacy that you're looking to tap into with Viewpoint, the smartphone, kind of, It creates, it facilitates that intimacy, and certainly when you are going and filming an interview with a contributor, if you're turning up with a hulking great big ENG camera and lighting and microphone and sound, you're going to get a very different contribution to the one that you would get if you were filming on a smartphone.
- 32:58David McClelland: And maybe that plays into the type of conversations that you are facilitating with Viewpoint.
- 33:04Jo Bradford: I think it's, really interesting that when I was pitching this book, one of the ideas that the publishers pricked their ears up about was the idea that in the past we're so used to seeing photographs places that are not our own homes, you know, that as a kind of, view taken by perhaps wealthy Western photographers who can kind of turn up at these places with their big expensive cameras.
- 33:25Jo Bradford: And we all see the world, we often see the world through this kind of particular viewpoint, um, which is quite Western centric and elitist in that people that can afford that kind of technology.
- 33:35Jo Bradford: And one of the things I liked about the idea of taking photos shot on phones is it was far more democratic that there's, you know, a wider.
- 33:43Jo Bradford: section of the global community that have access to that particular camera.
- 33:48Jo Bradford: And a lot of the photographers in the book aren't shooting on particularly modern or, high spec cameras at all, but they're still producing really interesting work.
- 33:56Jo Bradford: But the idea that I was collecting stories told by the people in the places where they live their own daily lives shot in the same way that I shoot my daily life, just seeing something of interest and taking that picture, capturing moments with families, political changes in the world.
- 34:10Jo Bradford: And.
- 34:10Jo Bradford: You know, beautiful artistic stories and some, some people who are making kind of conceptual art and others that are looking at, stories about migration or, refugees all these different things that are coming together in this way.
- 34:24Jo Bradford: And people are using their phones to connect those stories because it just feels more personal, more intimate and more immediate.
- 34:30Jo Bradford: So yeah, all all of those reasons, I think the phone definitely has a place in the Canon.
- 34:35David McClelland: Right tool for the right job, and I guess my final question is, if you are going out for a walk on your beloved Dartmoor, how do you decide what the right tool is for a given, a given feel that you have that you want to create something?
- 34:51Jo Bradford: I guess, if I'm honest, I'll usually have two or three cameras with me if I have the opportunity.
- 34:56Jo Bradford: So I'll always know that my phone is there because I'll take it with me for lots of other reasons other than just taking photos.
- 35:02Jo Bradford: Um, and there are times when things are happening quickly that I'll always reach for my phone.
- 35:07Jo Bradford: Because in that instant, the fleeting moments can only be captured with something that doesn't require a lot of setup.
- 35:12Jo Bradford: And obviously with your phone and having that access the camera on the home screen, you don't even have to unlock it to be able to engage the camera.
- 35:20Jo Bradford: That means it's always at the ready.
- 35:22Jo Bradford: But at the same time, I'll happily go out with my GFX 50, the Fujifilm medium format camera that I love, to go and get.
- 35:29Jo Bradford: Large photographs of trees and landscapes and things like that, because I know the detail will be amazing and it's got the most fantastic image stabilization in that camera, so I can shoot it really, really low light situations in the woodlands and handhold kind of late in the day.
- 35:44Jo Bradford: So I'll tend to take those two out with me.
- 35:47Jo Bradford: They're my two favorite cameras to go wandering around the mall with one slightly heavier than the other, but they both fit comfortably in my backpack in my pocket.
- 35:54Jo Bradford: So, yeah, I'll start with those two because they cover both ends of the spectrum.
- 35:58David McClelland: Joe, so amazing to hear about your, creative process and I can't wait to hear more about it, The Photography Show in March.
- 36:06Jo Bradford: Looking forward to being there.
- 36:13David McClelland: And a big thanks to Jo Bradford.
- 36:15David McClelland: We'll put details of that new book, Viewpoint Human Stories, through the smartphone lens in the show notes.
- 36:28David McClelland: Jim, Jo clearly does a lot of photography shot on iPhone.
- 36:34David McClelland: Actually, I didn't ask her what smartphone she used, and I don't really think it mattered too much to her.
- 36:40David McClelland: Um, Shot on iPhone rose to the top of conversation again, but from a filmography point of view a few weeks ago at Apple's latest product launch, its scary fast launch, where it unveiled the new M3 processors in its new MacBooks and iMacs.
- 37:00David McClelland: I have one, I went and bought one of those MacBook Pros a couple of weeks ago now with an M3 processor in there, but that's for a different podcast, not for this one.
- 37:09David McClelland: But, right at the end, and if you're one of those people who likes to stay behind and watch the credits roll, people noticed, as did I, to be fair, I was there and I tweeted it straight away, even though it was a midnight showing here in the UK, shot on iPhone.
- 37:25David McClelland: And this was the first that we're aware of, anyway, of one of these glossy Apple product launch videos that said it was shot on iPhone.
- 37:33David McClelland: Now, Shot on iPhone has been a program, a campaign for many years that Apple has gone to market with, and big billboards on the London Underground and elsewhere as well of the still images that it is capable to make on a phone.
- 37:50David McClelland: We also saw, I think it was Olivia Rodrigo who my daughter likes very very much as soon as the Apple iPhone 15 Pro launched, I think her video was filmed on that.
- 38:01David McClelland: But seeing an actual Apple product launch filmed on an iPhone took, uh, a lot of conversation out of the internet.
- 38:07David McClelland: And Apple came out with a making of video, of course they did, a couple of days later.
- 38:12David McClelland: Jim, we were talking about a high end filmmaking, as well as the accessible stuff as well, depending upon your choice of camera.
- 38:21David McClelland: What did you make of what Apple did with that, video the launch itself, and then the making of behind it?
- 38:27Jim Marks: Well, I think, I think, first of all, I think it's a, it's a brilliant piece, piece of promotion.
- 38:32Jim Marks: I also think, and here's a first, um, we've all got the EU to thank because if the EU hadn't forced Apple to replace their lightning connector with a USB C, none of this would be happening.
- 38:47Jim Marks: And there's the irony.
- 38:48Jim Marks: That's what the EU have done for you.
- 38:49Jim Marks: They brought smartphone proper filmmaking to you because what that change has done.
- 38:56Jim Marks: Is it's enabled Apple to actually have proper connectivity to an SSD.
- 39:02David McClelland: Yes.
- 39:03Jim Marks: with, which enables ProRes to go straight there, because there's been a lot of bottlenecks in terms of how you record ProRes on your smartphone, on your iPhone.
- 39:14Jim Marks: But having that USB C is actually enabling us to put little SSDs on the back and little holders.
- 39:20Jim Marks: And you're absolutely right.
- 39:22Jim Marks: create really quite amazing image.
- 39:24Jim Marks: I mean, if you look at that behind the scenes film, you'll see 400 people and lighting and cranes and movement and gimbals and all sorts of things.
- 39:34Jim Marks: It's actually quite great.
- 39:35Jim Marks: It's a great thing to see to kind of decode the craft of how they made all of that.
- 39:40Jim Marks: And then you'll see a tiny phone right at the end on the end of the crane.
- 39:43David McClelland: Well, this is the FrankenRig that I was talking about as well, and I've been involved in this smartphone videography, mobile journalism, we've called it movement, for maybe about ten years or so, but to see that little phone, I don't think I've ever seen as large a production built around a smartphone as I had there, and you mentioned the lighting, there is a lot of lighting there.
- 40:06Jim Marks: of lighting because it's, it's all about the other stuff.
- 40:10Jim Marks: You know, it's all about the light, the lighting, the movement.
- 40:13Jim Marks: what we've been able to do though, I must just give a quick, a quick note to Blackmagic.
- 40:18Jim Marks: Because they've brought out a free app.
- 40:20Jim Marks: And it's not often that I try a free app that's worth it.
- 40:24Jim Marks: But what they've done is they've simplified the interface so that you can change your frame rates.
- 40:30Jim Marks: You can, and I think it's a fantastic enabling app.
- 40:33Jim Marks: I mean, I met some film students when I was at Camerimage in Poland.
- 40:37Jim Marks: I went there recently and I said, try it.
- 40:40Jim Marks: They loved it because they could learn about frame rates.
- 40:43Jim Marks: They could put it on their phone and shoot stuff straight away.
- 40:46Jim Marks: And it was just, it was incredibly enabling.
- 40:50Jim Marks: That, you know, you could see that you could also bypass because you can put it externally, you can bypass the Achilles heel of the phone, which has been oversharpening and all of that kind of down compression that they do in the phone.
- 41:03Jim Marks: It's the ability of an app like that.
- 41:06Jim Marks: The phone and the external recording via the USB C to an external SSD.
- 41:12Jim Marks: Suddenly, you're absolutely right.
- 41:14Jim Marks: Are we, are we all putting iPhones as a wide B cam on top of our other cameras?
- 41:20Jim Marks: Because if you're in a bind, you know, you can now color it.
- 41:24Jim Marks: You can, you can put a LUT on it.
- 41:25Jim Marks: You can do all sorts of things that would have been actually unthinkable when we were even at the iPhone 14.
- 41:32Jim Marks: So it has been a big change.
- 41:33David McClelland: yes, the Blackmagic app that launched at NAB, I think, just a few weeks before, it's certainly not the first pro video app.
- 41:42David McClelland: I'm thinking of the likes of Filmic Pro, which has been around for a very long time, available on
- 41:47Jim Marks: but they went to a subscription model and there's a lesson here.
- 41:51Jim Marks: There's a lesson here for all
- 41:53David McClelland: a lot of its user base.
- 41:54David McClelland: Yeah.
- 41:55Jim Marks: mean, you know, Blackmagic are disruptive in that way in many different ways.
- 41:59Jim Marks: And in this sense that I think they've, it's the right app, you know, at the time for that phone.
- 42:04Jim Marks: Would it?
- 42:04Jim Marks: I don't look, it's not replacing another camera.
- 42:07Jim Marks: Because you can't really put many lenses on it.
- 42:09Jim Marks: You can screw some lenses on the front.
- 42:12Jim Marks: You can put a sort of telephoto, you can kind of fix nds because obviously ndss are a problem.
- 42:19Jim Marks: on such a small flat device, you have to have a way of doing that if you want to keep, to 25 50.
- 42:24Jim Marks: But it's, it's a really interesting step forward.
- 42:27Jim Marks: I, I think it increases everyone's interest in filmmaking.
- 42:30Jim Marks: Be because,
- 42:31David McClelland: shot a job on a
- 42:33Jim Marks: because I've done jobs in the past for Samsung launching their phones, and I had to shoot the entire job on the phone.
- 42:40Jim Marks: So the answer is yes, but the iPhones, I mean, they've also been used, I think there's a company called, is it Akerson who do like, you can turn the iPhone into a monitor now on your camera
- 42:52David McClelland: with iOS 17 it accepts, input so you can use your iPad as an external
- 42:59Jim Marks: Because they're incredible screens.
- 43:00Jim Marks: And, and so, these are devices with incredible screens, better and better cameras, you do need an app that enables that, and enables the manual control that you actually want to do as a, as a filmmaker, which comes down actually to frame rates.
- 43:16Jim Marks: Shutter angle, shutter, and also being able to record it in, you know, with a, color profile that allows it not to be crushed in camera.
- 43:23Jim Marks: I think that's what people often forget.
- 43:25Jim Marks: I always think of it, if you think of your arms out wide, as being dynamic range.
- 43:30Jim Marks: As wide as you go, yeah?
- 43:31Jim Marks: and you think of your delivery.
- 43:32Jim Marks: If you crush it, if you bring those hands in and you crush that dynamic range in camera, you can't Put your arms out wide again.
- 43:41Jim Marks: Once it's crushed, it's crushed.
- 43:42Jim Marks: So there's a reason why we use flatter profiles, why we shoot in logs sometimes is because I know it's kind of silly visual gag, but it's for people to understand that if you crush it down, if you make it brittle, if you over sharpen it.
- 43:57Jim Marks: I always have minus four on my Fujis, bring the sharpening down.
- 43:59Jim Marks: you, you wanna have a nice flattened egg that you can then apply or, or treat.
- 44:04Jim Marks: Uh, which has a wide gamut, which hasn't clipped the highlights.
- 44:07Jim Marks: And that's, that's, that's the first time with this iPhone 15 that we've been, been given a glimpse, perhaps, of what's coming in five years time.
- 44:15Jim Marks: I, I'm intrigued with what Apple, with what Apple do as a company in that space.
- 44:20Jim Marks: It, it's very interesting.
- 44:21Jim Marks: you know, it's really interesting to see how the device has changed.
- 44:24Jim Marks: Maybe they'll have a flying one that floats behind our shoulder next.
- 44:26Jim Marks: Captures it all.
- 44:28David McClelland: I think we're going to be wearing these cameras on our face with the Vision Pro that be launching early in 2024.
- 44:35Jim Marks: Yes, you're right.
- 44:36David McClelland: the idea of slapping a camera on your face excites you, then, well, stay tuned because I'm sure Apple or anyone else comes out with any compelling cameras that do that, we will be covering them here on the show.
- 44:48David McClelland: But that is all that we have time for this month, and indeed, for this year.
- 44:53David McClelland: But we will be back on the first Thursday of 2024 when Gavin Hoey will be joining us in the news hot seat.
- 45:01David McClelland: A reminder that tickets are now on sale for the photography and video show at the NEC in Birmingham, England from the 16th to the 19th of March.
- 45:08David McClelland: All of your favourite brands will be there.
- 45:10David McClelland: Uh, your favourite speakers too, including Jim, you, you will be there at the show.
- 45:16David McClelland: Astonishing
- 45:16Jim Marks: but true.
- 45:17David McClelland: Also just announced our Photoshop, legends, Scott Kelby, And Adobe principal evangelist, Julian coast.
- 45:23David McClelland: I Head over to photography show.com to find out more and back your tickets.
- 45:30David McClelland: If you enjoyed the show, then please do all of the things that podcasts normally ask you to do hit subscribe, tell your friends, share with your local camera club and Hey, even leave us a review.
- 45:41David McClelland: There are show deals, giveaways, and competitions galore over on the socials this Christmas, and very shortly we'll be announcing our emerging artist award and create a con star creator competition.
- 45:55David McClelland: Look us up over there.
- 45:56David McClelland: Where on Insta at the photography show.
- 45:58David McClelland: And such as up on Facebook too.
- 46:02David McClelland: Jim jolly good of you to join us this month.
- 46:04David McClelland: Where can people keep up with what you get up to?
- 46:07Jim Marks: Well, that's very interesting because I'm terrible at social media.
- 46:12David McClelland: ha!
- 46:12Jim Marks: They can come see me at the show and I'm happy to talk about any topic literally that we've discussed.
- 46:16Jim Marks: It's been, it's been a very enjoyable process.
- 46:19Jim Marks: Thanks.
- 46:19Jim Marks: Thank you very much.
- 46:21David McClelland: And remember, you can go and see Jim at the show if you want to vent your frustration at him claiming that photography is a day off.
- 46:28David McClelland: Buy your ticket 16th to the 19th of March and go and confront Jim.
- 46:33David McClelland: I, I will be your bodyguard, Jim, I
- 46:35Jim Marks: they're going to throw buns and cakes at me.
- 46:37Jim Marks: It's, it's not good.
- 46:38David McClelland: maybe they'll throw lenses instead.
- 46:40David McClelland: That could be a good thing or a bad thing, thank you very much indeed.
- 46:43David McClelland: Thank you all for joining us.
- 46:45David McClelland: Until next time, bye bye.
- 46:47Jim Marks: Bye.