Latest / Making Cents / Get Ready For ‘Excuse-flation’ - That’s About To Drive Up Cost Of Living Even Further
Transcript
- 0:00You think inflation and the cost of living is bad.
- 0:03Now get ready for excuseflation.
- 0:06It's the secret force making your life more expensive than it needs to be.
- 0:10And it's getting worse.
- 0:13Dramatic way to start an episode.
- 0:15Maybe.
- 0:16But I do stand by this.
- 0:18I have done the deepest dive into what's driving prices up.
- 0:22This episode actually made me pretty mad.
- 0:24And it all comes back to Excuse me.
- 0:28And I actually first came across this term a few years ago.
- 0:30It has been in my head ever since.
- 0:33It makes so many things start to make sense.
- 0:38I'm telling you about it now for a couple of reasons.
- 0:41One, once you see it, you will start to see it everywhere.
- 0:46But two, once you see it, you can also start to fight back.
- 0:51And that, my friends, is.
- 0:53Is what I want for all of us.
- 0:54I am sick of these prices because I was driving the other day, I just had the radio on, I was heading to a meeting and this ad came on and I immediately thought, there it is, Excuseflation.
- 1:07Just this chirpy, cheerful voice with an ad for a big tech retailer.
- 1:14And this ad was basically, prices are only going up.
- 1:19Go buy a new TV now before it costs you even more.
- 1:23And as soon as I heard this, it really just wound me up so much because that's not an ad for a tv, that's an ad for Fear.
- 1:32It's not telling you the TV is good.
- 1:35It's not even telling you the TV is cheap.
- 1:38It's not even telling you, TV looks nice.
- 1:42It's just telling you to be afraid of the future and to convert that fear into a purchase today at the price that they've set.
- 1:52Okay, so later that day, I then fall into a bit of a scroll hole.
- 1:55I'm on my phone, flicking through social media while I waited for coffee and up popped an ad for furniture.
- 2:03Same thing.
- 2:05It basically read, oil prices are going up.
- 2:08Our prices haven't changed yet.
- 2:12Secure our furniture at today's prices while they last.
- 2:17And I just thought, there it is again, twice in one day.
- 2:21Fear and headlines to strong arm you.
- 2:25And these two ads are a window into the dark side of inflation, where real things that are really happening can then be used as an excuse to jack up prices elsewhere.
- 2:43That when oil, petrol and power are truly going up in price and often causing the price of related goods to go up, then other companies can look at this and say, oh, interesting.
- 3:01Is this a way for me to make some extra money with a convenient excuse?
- 3:06An oh yes it is.
- 3:09So today, where inflation really is and the number inside the number that changes the whole story.
- 3:17Why some prices come back down, but some never, ever do.
- 3:21Stirring the humble block of butter.
- 3:23What the Reserve bank just discovered about how some businesses set prices.
- 3:28And it's more manipulative than I expected.
- 3:32And then the bit that matters, how you spot the tricks and how you fight back.
- 3:38So welcome to Making Sense.
- 3:39It's the podcast for people who want financial freedom without giving up their coffee.
- 3:43I'm Frances Cook, a financial journalist and fellow financial freedom seeker who makes money simple for you today.
- 3:50The nonsense that is Excuseflation and how we beat it.
- 3:54I want to help as many people as possible reach financial freedom by taking control of their money.
- 3:59And you can help me in that mission two really easy ways.
- 4:02First, hit subscribe wherever you like to listen, YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or any other podcast player.
- 4:09Then send this episode to a friend so we can all level up our money together.
- 4:13Then the show grows and I can keep giving you the money info that makes a difference to your life.
- 4:19Okay, part one, the number inside the number.
- 4:23Give me a moment here, because I think what makes this all make sense is when we do just a little bit getting into the fine print.
- 4:31So stick with me on this.
- 4:33The big headline number that you'll see around is inflation, and that is the average cost of everything.
- 4:42And that is going up right now.
- 4:43The cost of living is up.
- 4:45So inflation for the June quarter, that is the most recent release, not good.
- 4:51It hit 4.1%.
- 4:54And the Reserve bank gets upset when that happens.
- 4:57They like to keep things between 1 to 3%.
- 5:00And it might not sound horrendous, but when we had that recent period of really bad inflation, everyone was screaming about the really big price increases.
- 5:12That was when we hit around the 7% mark.
- 5:16So those percentages can be deceiving.
- 5:18A little change in them actually feels huge.
- 5:23It's also partly because it's an average number, right?
- 5:27It's taking all these different prices and saying, this is what's happening overall.
- 5:33But what about when we go inside that number?
- 5:36Because there's something interesting there.
- 5:39So Stats nz, in that most recent release, they found petrol itself up 27.5% on a year ago, diesel went up 71%.
- 5:53That is huge.
- 5:55A really big unavoidable cost for a lot of people.
- 5:58Oil is the whole problem here.
- 6:01Fuel alone is about a quarter of that bigger inflation number.
- 6:07If you take fuel out, inflation goes down.
- 6:10So from that 4.1% down to 2.9%, which tells us, okay, the underlying economy is warm, but not on fire.
- 6:22The scary part of the number is one thing, oil.
- 6:26There is another interesting part of this number though, because here is where I think we're seeing us get exploited.
- 6:34The Reserve bank surveys what people expect inflation to do as well.
- 6:40And those expectations are climbing 5%.
- 6:46That's the highest in years.
- 6:48And it's actually higher than what's happening in reality.
- 6:524.1% inflation.
- 6:54Yes, that's high expectation of 5%.
- 6:58So what we've got there, the fear is running out of the facts.
- 7:02And that gap between the two, some people are trying to monetize it.
- 7:07Because when everyone is expecting prices to go up, well, then you can put prices up, can't you?
- 7:14Because everyone knows that prices are going up.
- 7:18So you see prices going up and, well, we all know that life is just more expensive now.
- 7:22What can you do?
- 7:23And sometimes that is just a convenient cover.
- 7:27So let's dig into whether all of the price increases are actually fair enough.
- 7:33That means we're stepping onto the oil roller coaster.
- 7:36Okay, so I said oil was the problem here and the heart of this.
- 7:40Let's start there.
- 7:41Then late February, war kicks off.
- 7:44The Strait of Hormuz closes.
- 7:46That's the shipping lane that carries about a fifth of the world's oil.
- 7:51Oil prices, of course, then have one of the biggest jumps ever recorded here at home.
- 7:5791 petrol blows past $3.60.
- 8:00Diesel jumped from 43% in a single month.
- 8:05Ferries add surcharges.
- 8:07Airlines put on their airfares going up.
- 8:11Everyone with a truck adds a line to the invoice.
- 8:15Then we get ceasefire negotiations.
- 8:17The Strait of Hormuz reopens.
- 8:19And then by early July, we've got the price of crude oil coming back down.
- 8:24It was pretty close to where it started.
- 8:27Complete round trip, problem solved, right?
- 8:31No, it's 2026.
- 8:33No stability for you then.
- 8:35We had just a few weeks until the ceasefire fell apart.
- 8:39And the Strait of Hormuz is apparently now considered contested.
- 8:43Iran says that it is shut.
- 8:45The US says it is open.
- 8:47Honestly, that might even be different by the time that this video comes out.
- 8:54Because who knows these days Anyway, the crude price of oil went over a hundred dollars US a barrel for a period of time.
- 9:01It's dipped back below that now again, by the time this episode comes out, that might have all changed again.
- 9:08It is changing so fast all the time.
- 9:11But this is the general pattern we have been following.
- 9:15However, in those precious few weeks when oil went down again and it went down in price by about a third for those barrels of crude oil so what happened to your bills?
- 9:27Petrol did budge downwards, but by about 6%.
- 9:31Not that full third, not a 30% six.
- 9:35It was walking down the stairs, it had just sprinted up and it hadn't even reached the landing before the next spike hit.
- 9:43So economists have a fun little phrase for this not so fun situation.
- 9:48Rockets and feathers.
- 9:49So prices go shooting up like a rocket, then they come floating on down gently like a feather.
- 9:57And this winter we got the rocket, then the feather and then a second rocket, all in a fast series of events.
- 10:06Isn't that just so fun for us?
- 10:08And we catch the sting in the tail here.
- 10:11The second spike is not starting from the same bottom point, it's starting from a higher bump up.
- 10:19Petrol never came back down to that original point because it was busy feathering.
- 10:23So then we get another shoot back up from a different higher point.
- 10:28The second crisis builds on top of the first one.
- 10:33And Petrel was kind of the good example here because we were all watching it and companies were put on notice.
- 10:43They were publicly warned that they were being watched.
- 10:47So.
- 10:47So there was that downward pressure on prices and they did have to account for what was going on.
- 10:53What about all the other prices that weren't being watched as closely?
- 10:58All the places that had said, oh, we use a lot of petrol or diesel and so our prices have to go up too.
- 11:05Let's talk about butter.
- 11:06So I said before, when prices go up, they rocket.
- 11:10When they come back down, they float on slowly down like a feather.
- 11:14But sometimes they don't even do that.
- 11:17Sometimes they just rocket up and stay up.
- 11:21Sometimes a shock pushes up a price and then the shock passes or goes and the price just stays the new normal.
- 11:31It's now base camp for the next climb.
- 11:35Good old butter is unfortunately an example of this.
- 11:39So late 2023, global butter prices ripped upwards.
- 11:43Up 74% in less than two years.
- 11:46All the numbers I'm about to give you are from Global Dairy Trade auction results.
- 11:51Right.
- 11:52So your 500 gram block of butter went from around $6 to $8.60.
- 11:59And then last year the global price turned down a full third from its peak.
- 12:06So the block came down a third too.
- 12:10Right?
- 12:11Well, it did go down from $8.60 to $8.58.
- 12:18Great.
- 12:20RNZ literally ran a headline of why butter prices might not fall as fast as they rose.
- 12:28We're just saying it now.
- 12:30And the reasons given in that article quite illuminating.
- 12:33So contracts had been apparently locked in earlier and now continued.
- 12:39Okay, maybe fair then there was old stock to clear, apparently produced at previous prices.
- 12:47Okay, maybe fair.
- 12:51But then my favorite slash, not favorite, but interesting moment from Informetrics economist Brad Olson.
- 12:58You'll remember him from previous episodes of the podcast.
- 13:00He's great.
- 13:01He monitors all of this stuff really carefully.
- 13:03And he pointed out that shoppers had become accustomed to the higher price.
- 13:08It sets a new normal for what people are willing to buy.
- 13:12And that right there is the big problem.
- 13:15The price didn't necessarily stay high because costs were high.
- 13:19The price stayed high because we stopped fighting it, because we were like, oh, that's what butter costs now.
- 13:26And we started to see it as normal.
- 13:28And then the third act.
- 13:29What did I say before about setting a new base camp for the next climb?
- 13:33This year, global butter prices surged again, up more than 30% since December.
- 13:39And retail was conveniently still parked at that previous peak, ready to just climb up again from there.
- 13:48They'd set a new normal, and then when there were costs increasing again, they could just ratchet those prices back up again.
- 13:56So we come back to Excuseflation.
- 13:59What is that?
- 14:00How does it see me?
- 14:01Getting weird couch ads, expensive petrol, and terrible butter prices.
- 14:06Here's the idea.
- 14:08In normal times, raising your prices as a business is kind of scary.
- 14:13Customers notice, they complain, some will walk, and the first business to move often loses.
- 14:21If they move alone, very often they'll lose.
- 14:25But when the headlines are wall to wall with war oil, cost of living, cost of living, cost of living, cost of living.
- 14:35Inflation is up.
- 14:36Well, then you've got good cover, because every business knows that every other business is about to move.
- 14:43Every customer is braced.
- 14:45And it's hard to tell a justified increase from a cheeky one because things are getting a bit panicky and foggy.
- 14:55Everyone's saying that prices are going up.
- 14:58So I mean, of course now prices are going up.
- 15:01But did all of them need to?
- 15:05And we don't have to guess that some executives think in this way because they say it out loud, publicly to their shareholders, on the record.
- 15:18This is another one of my sort of favorite moments.
- 15:21That's not a favorite moment.
- 15:23It's partly the quote, it's partly a really interesting moment.
- 15:26But it's also the guy who said it is called William Meaney.
- 15:31He is literally Mr.
- 15:32Meaney.
- 15:34I had to double check this one because I was like, is this a joke?
- 15:36No, it's real.
- 15:37Incredible.
- 15:37Anyway, that big old meanie, he ran Iron Mountain.
- 15:41It's a big US firm.
- 15:43They do data storage, records management, that sort of thing.
- 15:47And they're listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
- 15:49So as part of that, you he's in touch with shareholders.
- 15:52So Whip, back to 2018, when inflation was low and boring.
- 15:58And Mr.
- 15:58Meaney said on an earnings call that he prays for inflation every day because, quote, every point of inflation expands our margins.
- 16:10He said he did rain dances for inflation because it was great coverage to increase profits.
- 16:17And then his prayers got answered.
- 16:19So Fast forward to 2022, a big investor event right in the thick of the cost of living crisis.
- 16:27And Mr.
- 16:28Meaney tells his shareholders that the dance has worked and the company had been pushing through price increases well above inflation.
- 16:37And he described Iron Mountain as, quote, more of a price giver than a price taker.
- 16:44And then the line that really gets me on the record to investors, he says, quote, I wish I didn't do quite such a good rain dance.
- 16:54This guy is wild.
- 16:56It's incredible that he's just so confident that he'll say it out loud.
- 17:03But thank you, I guess, for saying the quiet part out loud.
- 17:07Now, does that happen here?
- 17:09Well, the Reserve bank has some numbers that are mildly disturbing.
- 17:15Quick interruption to say.
- 17:16If you're enjoying this episode, you'll love the Market Memo, my weekly newsletter where I teach you how to actually invest.
- 17:23No jargon, no spreadsheets, just real talk about shares and how to make your money work for you.
- 17:29It's the thing I wish I'd had when I was starting out.
- 17:32You can sign up for free at Francisco Cook Co NZ Invest.
- 17:37That's Francisco Co NZ Invest.
- 17:40But don't worry, I'll put the link in the show notes and the description of this podcast.
- 17:45All right, back to it.
- 17:48So what has the Reserve bank found?
- 17:51Okay, so most of us know the Reserve bank as the guys who set interest rates and try to control inflation.
- 17:58As part of that, though, they also do a bunch of their own research.
- 18:03They've been asking New Zealand businesses about their pricing since 1963.
- 18:09So we've got a solid 62 years of answers there.
- 18:12Good work, team.
- 18:13And we've got a fresh drop of info on that.
- 18:17Just a few weeks ago I read it, so you don't have to.
- 18:20And there's three big things that I took from it.
- 18:24One, prices keep heading up.
- 18:26They don't often head down.
- 18:28And it is getting worse.
- 18:30When inflation is running hot and a business's costs and demand are both rising, the chances that that business puts its price up is about 85%, which, sure, fair enough, cover your costs.
- 18:46I get that.
- 18:47Now, flip everything if inflation is still going up.
- 18:53But this business's Costs are falling.
- 18:56That can happen.
- 18:57And its customers are drying up.
- 19:00So they have every reason to drop prices.
- 19:05Will they?
- 19:07Yes, but only 9% of the time, which is very small amount.
- 19:15That's about 1 in 10 businesses in that situation will drop their prices less than so 85% if the conditions are right, will put their prices up versus 9% putting prices down when the conditions say to.
- 19:33And a few decades ago that gap was much smaller.
- 19:37You would see 61% raise prices and 37% would cut.
- 19:44So yes, this is getting worse.
- 19:46Go and have a look at all this yourself if you want.
- 19:49All you have to do is look up reserve bank discussion paper from May.
- 19:52It's called Inflation and the changing nature of firm price Adjustments.
- 19:58But basically New Zealand prices have become more likely to go up, less likely to go down and the central bank has the receipts on this.
- 20:07Two, we're the target.
- 20:09And by we I mean customers, not other businesses.
- 20:13Which I think is actually a far more important point than you might think at first glance.
- 20:19Now this happens mostly from businesses that sell to you, to me, to customers, to individual people.
- 20:28Firms selling to other businesses didn't change their behavior.
- 20:33That's a really marked difference between how individual people and customers are treated versus businesses.
- 20:40We'll come back to this one because I think that is actually a key part of how we fight back on this.
- 20:47But first, why?
- 20:49Well, think about it a little bit.
- 20:52When one business buys from another, checking the invoice is literally someone's job.
- 21:00When you build a house, you audit every line but the weekly shop with 40 small items.
- 21:08You're so tired you just want to get out of there.
- 21:11The kids are hungry.
- 21:12People don't audit the trolley as carefully.
- 21:17So a lot of this targets whoever isn't looking.
- 21:22Coming back to that point soon.
- 21:23But next three, the nothing happened test.
- 21:27The true test of excuseflation saw a red flag.
- 21:32So the researchers asked a brutally simple question.
- 21:36Take the business when nothing happened.
- 21:40Costs flat, demand flat, no change, no reason to touch a single price.
- 21:47But they're in an environment where things are happening around them.
- 21:52Headlines of inflation.
- 21:55They just happen to not be touched by it.
- 21:58How likely are those businesses to report rising profits?
- 22:03And there's been a very recent change here that now when inflation goes up, these nothing happened businesses are increasing their profits.
- 22:15And once again it is showing up in the businesses selling to households, to people.
- 22:21And why is all of this happening?
- 22:23What's the reason the researchers think is behind it?
- 22:27Because we have less attention than we used to.
- 22:30And so in simple terms, they can get away with it.
- 22:35People work longer hours now.
- 22:37Often if you're in a partnership, both people are going to work.
- 22:42There's no one in a household with the time to audit prices regularly.
- 22:49Think about a 10 cent rise on the cost of butter.
- 22:53If you don't notice this, then the business loses nothing.
- 22:58Now think about a 10 cent cut.
- 23:01And if you don't notice, the business also gains nothing.
- 23:06So if you have a busy, distracted customer base, the winning strategy is frequent small increases and to never bother with decreases.
- 23:19So how do you tell if this is what they're up to?
- 23:22Excuseflation relies on you not looking closely.
- 23:26It relies on you just shrugging and accepting that this is the way things are and carrying on.
- 23:34So the first thing I want you to do is to just start a conversation with your friends about this.
- 23:38Even send them this podcast episode.
- 23:41Because once you see it, you will start to see this everywhere.
- 23:47And then there's the red flag parade of how to tell when it's excuseflation, not real inflation.
- 23:55So these are the questions to ask when a price goes up.
- 24:001.
- 24:01Can they name the cost?
- 24:03A genuine increase is often pretty specific.
- 24:06Diesel is up 40% or freight is a chunk of our costs.
- 24:11There's a 3% surcharge now.
- 24:14But excuseflation speaks in foggy terms like due to rising costs or in the current environment.
- 24:24What do you mean, which cost?
- 24:27How much?
- 24:28And if they can't say, then maybe we should be treating these increases as a choice, not a necessity.
- 24:35The Commerce Commission is already telling businesses that these surcharges must be accurate and justified.
- 24:43The regulator says show you're working.
- 24:47So I think the rest of us are entitled to ask too.
- 24:50And actually if enough of us ask, it's going to carry a lot of weight now.
- 24:542.
- 24:55Does this business even buy the thing that it is Blaming you?
- 25:00You might be shocked how often this happens.
- 25:02So a courier blaming oil prices?
- 25:05I probably believe them.
- 25:07They're on the road a lot.
- 25:08But an app, a gym, a software subscription?
- 25:13Blaming cost of living pressures?
- 25:16Hang on.
- 25:17Your costs didn't double because a shipping lane closed.
- 25:21If the business doesn't actually use the thing it's blaming, then we've got a headline.
- 25:26Doing a lot of work here.
- 25:283.
- 25:29The round trip test.
- 25:30That's a big one.
- 25:31When the cost comes back down, do the prices that you're paying follow?
- 25:37This is a running test right now.
- 25:40Oil fell by a third and then spiked again.
- 25:42Which makes every fuel surcharge this year a two part question.
- 25:47Did it come down during the weeks when its justification vanished?
- 25:52And does the fresh spike now get stacked on top of a surcharge that never left?
- 25:58Watch those prices.
- 26:00You'll be amazed what you notice.
- 26:024.
- 26:03Did everyone move at once?
- 26:06Real cost shocks hit businesses unevenly.
- 26:10So honest increases are usually pretty ragged.
- 26:13They're different sizes, they have different timings, a whole sector moving together, same price, same same excuse.
- 26:24It's a worrying sign.
- 26:27It's often not costs, it's the fog doing the coordinating and businesses pretty quickly copying each other.
- 26:35Perfect unison, big red flag.
- 26:39So now what?
- 26:40What is the solution?
- 26:42And I think we all know it's not going to be some easy silver bullet, right?
- 26:45Because we've got things like the grocery commissioner, and that doesn't seem to have done much.
- 26:51But there are ways that we can push back on this and it's really important that we do because otherwise this will keep going.
- 26:59It's not easy, but it is simple.
- 27:02So much of this comes back to that, and that's what we're getting into now.
- 27:06Here's the biggest weapon that you've got from the research I've put into this.
- 27:11It sounds small, but it's really not.
- 27:15It's shopping around.
- 27:17If you turn around and say that's too small to work, then congratulations, you are playing the game that they want you to play.
- 27:25They want you to give up.
- 27:27They want you to say, oh, I'll only save a couple of hundred bucks.
- 27:30That is what they want.
- 27:32Do not give in to this.
- 27:35The Reserve Bank's research has found businesses now watch and monitor how willing you are to stick with them when prices go up.
- 27:45They watch their customers and their price tolerance more than they watch what their competitors are up to.
- 27:54Which means the biggest impact on prices in this country is no longer what the shop across the road is doing and the good old capitalism, competition between different providers.
- 28:07It's what you will put up with.
- 28:10Your tolerance is the price control.
- 28:14You switching, complaining, noticing.
- 28:19That is the punishment for them.
- 28:21That is the enforcement mechanism.
- 28:23We are now somewhat of the regulator.
- 28:26Businesses with price sensitive customers literally change prices less often.
- 28:32Complaining customers slow the machine and the machine will always go up a bit, sure, but it's the speed of it, it's the rate of it.
- 28:40And slowing the machine is what we need.
- 28:43So we've talked about it on other episodes of the show before, but frankly, even I didn't realize quite how important this had become.
- 28:52We've now got an economy that is running on how much can we charge our most loyal customers before they notice they're betting you won't check, so now you really need to.
- 29:05So powerswitch.orgnz or billy.gov.nz for your power bills.
- 29:10Food use apps like Grocer or Price Pulse to compare prices.
- 29:16Insurance.
- 29:16Get fresh quotes every year, chuck it in your phone, get a reminder and quote as a new customer because that's who gets the good price.
- 29:25Broadband and mobile ring up and threaten to leave if you can't get the best deal.
- 29:31Retention teams exist because it works.
- 29:34You will almost always get a better deal that way.
- 29:38Fuel apps like Gaspee some places around the country have as big of a difference as 40 cents a litre between competing petrol stations.
- 29:48The impact of one afternoon of switching on your main bills will beat a whole year of skipping coffees.
- 29:57And unlike skipping coffees, it punishes exactly the businesses that are trying to take advantage of you.
- 30:04Other types of businesses.
- 30:05Sometimes you need to ask for itemization on an invoice.
- 30:11A surcharge that can't be explained in writing can often be waived and just refuse the panic purchase.
- 30:18If you need a couch, buy the couch by all means.
- 30:21But if an ad is trying to make you anxious, put it down.
- 30:26Do not reward them because now you know the fear is running ahead of the facts.
- 30:33Inflation is sure at a certain level, but people are expecting and bracing themselves for more.
- 30:42And that fear is worth money and businesses know it.
- 30:48Some spend it honestly, some don't.
- 30:52And the Reserve bank just told us the quiet part and for some reason nobody is paying attention to it, that this is a growing problem.
- 31:01It's aimed at households and inflation is being used as a cover for just yanking up prices because they can and they get away with it because we're all too busy to look.
- 31:15But there is a silver lining here that the fix is actually free attention yours.
- 31:24An afternoon of switching, of finding the best price and then rewarding that more honest business with your money when you sense something is off.
- 31:36Finding the best provider and rewarding them, not giving your loyalty to someone who is betting on them being able to rip you off because you're busy.
- 31:46You can't really opt out of inflation, but you can absolutely refuse to be the easiest customer in the room.
- 31:54And when we all put pressure on them, then they do have to back down.
- 31:58They're actually watching you.
- 32:00They just think you're not watching them.
- 32:03Don't be an easy mark.
- 32:04Fight back.
- 32:06And tell your friends to fight back too.
- 32:08That is really the only way we can push back on this.
- 32:12That's it for today.
- 32:13If this episode was helpful to you.
- 32:14Send it to a friend so we can all level up with our money together.
- 32:17Until next time, have a great day.
- 32:20This podcast can only give you general information about how things work in most situations.
- 32:26It's not individual financial advice.
- 32:28If you're after that, a financial advisor is always the best bet.