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The Gettysburg Address: Short and Sweet · Stuff You Should Know

• 0:01
  Speaker 1: Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff
• 0:04
  Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast on
• 0:12
  Speaker 1: Josh Clark And that's Charles W. Chuck Bryant. Jerry's over
• 0:15
  Speaker 1: there and this is Stuff You Should Know podcast the
• 0:20
  Speaker 1: NPR edition. Bob Ross. Oh Man, there's a documentary out
• 0:26
  Speaker 1: about him. Yeah, I haven't seen it, but I will forture.
• 0:30
  Speaker 1: Oh speaking up, can't wait. I saw Blood Support for
• 0:34
  Speaker 1: the first time in my life the other week. The movie. Yes,
• 0:38
  Speaker 1: have you seen it? Oh, Chuck, I mean that's all
• 0:42
  Speaker 1: parts of it, but I love every second of that movie.
• 0:46
  Speaker 1: It was so great. They basically made a movie to
• 0:49
  Speaker 1: show that John Claude Van Dam can do like crazy splits.
• 0:53
  Speaker 1: They made a movie for that. Yeah, the only version
• 0:55
  Speaker 1: I would watch of that would be like the riff
• 0:57
  Speaker 1: tracks version. Don't you don't even a need riff tracks? Yeah,
• 1:01
  Speaker 1: but they make everything better, sure of course they do.
• 1:03
  Speaker 1: But I would love to see a riff tracks Blood Sport.
• 1:05
  Speaker 1: I'm just saying it's a pretty great movie we're seeing. Yeah,
• 1:09
  Speaker 1: the bad guy in it is just terrifying because he's
• 1:12
  Speaker 1: like so clearly insane and like dangerous. Yeah, Like this
• 1:17
  Speaker 1: guy is operating on a level. No one else in
• 1:20
  Speaker 1: the movie, including surprisingly Ogre from Revenge of the Nerds,
• 1:25
  Speaker 1: is operating on it. He's the trusty sidekick. What happened
• 1:31
  Speaker 1: to Jean Claude? He's still around. I think he's all
• 1:35
  Speaker 1: over like Twitter. Well, I think he's like a couple
• 1:39
  Speaker 1: of times a day tweets like, hey, it's me Jean
• 1:41
  Speaker 1: Claude vandam remember Uh, well he had that big commercial
• 1:46
  Speaker 1: that was out not too long ago, and that where
• 1:48
  Speaker 1: he did a split between like two trucks or something,
• 1:51
  Speaker 1: um like with one leg on each truck, like driving
• 1:54
  Speaker 1: down the road, if I remember correct. He's reading his kindle?
• 1:58
  Speaker 1: Is it a kindle? Lad I think so? And I
• 2:00
  Speaker 1: think I didn't see him, but he's he's got to
• 2:03
  Speaker 1: be in one of those dumb what are the movies
• 2:06
  Speaker 1: with all the people with Schwarzenegger and Bruce Willis and
• 2:10
  Speaker 1: uh the Last Temptation of Christ. Yeah, yeah, he's in
• 2:13
  Speaker 1: one of those ladies. Oh Red, No, Yes, he's got
• 2:19
  Speaker 1: to be in one of those, right probably he would
• 2:21
  Speaker 1: literally be the only person of that elk in those movies.
• 2:25
  Speaker 1: I hope he is. Yeah, me too. I saw Red
• 2:28
  Speaker 1: the other day for the first time too. That's pretty entertaining, wasn't.
• 2:31
  Speaker 1: Yeah I haven't seen those either, some stuff just you know, yeah,
• 2:36
  Speaker 1: let's get serious, Chuck all right, yeah, okay, alright, we
• 2:39
  Speaker 1: talked about Jean Claude Van Damn and that can only
• 2:42
  Speaker 1: mean one thing. Gettysburg address, right, that's right. Man. Uh, well,
• 2:49
  Speaker 1: he's a better question. Okay. Have you you saw Lincoln?
• 2:52
  Speaker 1: Didn't you? I did? I didn't you didn't. I know
• 2:57
  Speaker 1: enough to know why we were talking like this. Supposedly
• 3:01
  Speaker 1: that is an accurate depiction of Abraham Lincoln speaking voice. Yeah.
• 3:04
  Speaker 1: I read this article in the Atlantic. It was one
• 3:06
  Speaker 1: of those things where the guy who's writing the book
• 3:08
  Speaker 1: like writes a long draft of the book but in
• 3:13
  Speaker 1: article for him, and they publish it. And the words
• 3:16
  Speaker 1: that remade America as the name of the article and
• 3:18
  Speaker 1: the book by a guy named Gary Wills, and he
• 3:21
  Speaker 1: says like, yeah, Abraham, Abraham Lincoln was a tenor who
• 3:25
  Speaker 1: had a voice that you could very easily describe as shrill.
• 3:30
  Speaker 1: I remember when I saw the first trailer for the
• 3:33
  Speaker 1: Lincoln movie. I think, like most people, like, the Internet
• 3:36
  Speaker 1: kind of blew up. The next day was like, what
• 3:38
  Speaker 1: is going on with Daniel Day? Lewis. Hey, guys, I'm
• 3:41
  Speaker 1: Abraham Lincoln. Um, so you did not see it not yet,
• 3:48
  Speaker 1: you know. Here was my deal. I thought it was
• 3:52
  Speaker 1: quite dull, and I went into it expecting a bit
• 3:56
  Speaker 1: more of a profile on Abraham Lincoln life. Isn't it
• 4:01
  Speaker 1: more like about a two week period or something. It's
• 4:03
  Speaker 1: really about, uh, trying to get him now, it's trying
• 4:10
  Speaker 1: to get the vote passed. Um. I just can't remember
• 4:13
  Speaker 1: the exact amendment or whatever. That that shows how much
• 4:16
  Speaker 1: I was checked out. It was a very, very in
• 4:22
  Speaker 1: depth look at the process of passing like legislation. It
• 4:29
  Speaker 1: was kind of dull for then. That's just me, like,
• 4:33
  Speaker 1: where's all the action? Yeah, where's that shootout that Abraham Lincoln?
• 4:37
  Speaker 1: I want to run around with the sword free enslaves.
• 4:40
  Speaker 1: I think that's Abraham Lincoln vampire hunter that you'd like.
• 4:43
  Speaker 1: I probably should have seen that one instead. But I mean,
• 4:45
  Speaker 1: Daniel Dey Lewis is great. It was just a little
• 4:47
  Speaker 1: dull for my taste. So I'm in the minority. But
• 4:50
  Speaker 1: this was just like sliding on an old suit then
• 4:53
  Speaker 1: reading this article right like you're familiar with all this
• 4:56
  Speaker 1: an old boring suit a little bit and I want
• 4:59
  Speaker 1: to be a Civil war off. I keep trying to, like,
• 5:02
  Speaker 1: I hope work myself into it. Like reading. I got
• 5:04
  Speaker 1: a book given to me, one of those big, huge books. Oh,
• 5:08
  Speaker 1: and it just like I just can't quite crack it.
• 5:11
  Speaker 1: Have you tried World War two? Maybe that's more of
• 5:13
  Speaker 1: your fancy. No, I just I need to buff it up,
• 5:18
  Speaker 1: you know, civil war buff because I do recreate stuff. No,
• 5:22
  Speaker 1: although I did to see uh. I did a hike
• 5:24
  Speaker 1: at Sweetwater Creek State Park this weekend and they were Um,
• 5:29
  Speaker 1: I didn't know it was a deal. I was walking
• 5:31
  Speaker 1: down the wooded path and there was a camp with
• 5:35
  Speaker 1: a bunch of Union soldiers and their ladies and authentic
• 5:41
  Speaker 1: garb sitting around the campfire. And I was like, what's
• 5:45
  Speaker 1: going on? Because it wasn't a big reenactment, like a
• 5:48
  Speaker 1: big battle thing. It was just a Saturday night. I
• 5:50
  Speaker 1: don't know, man. They were just looked like they were
• 5:52
  Speaker 1: just camping in in period costume. Maybe they had practice
• 5:56
  Speaker 1: that day. Maybe that's weird. I thought it was interesting.
• 5:59
  Speaker 1: They were young soldiers too. Um did they pretend you
• 6:02
  Speaker 1: were a time traveler? They did. I showed them my
• 6:06
  Speaker 1: iPhone and they're like, what Devil's man did uh anyway,
• 6:12
  Speaker 1: it was just weird. Well let's talk about let me
• 6:15
  Speaker 1: ask you this. I have another question. Did you have
• 6:18
  Speaker 1: to memorize the Gettysburg address? Because this article on the
• 6:21
  Speaker 1: site basically says that all students had to and I
• 6:26
  Speaker 1: don't know that that's now. I don't know anybody who
• 6:28
  Speaker 1: had to memorize the Gettysburg Address. Now, we had to
• 6:30
  Speaker 1: remember a part of Caesar's address for English class. I
• 6:36
  Speaker 1: come to barry Caesar, not to praise him, blah blah
• 6:39
  Speaker 1: blah and the whole deal. Friends, Romans, countrymen. I memorize
• 6:42
  Speaker 1: that in high school? Did you have to or did
• 6:45
  Speaker 1: you just do it on your own? I was just bored,
• 6:48
  Speaker 1: Like I was playing basketball one day, decided to stop
• 6:50
  Speaker 1: and I'm trying to think what I had to remember
• 6:53
  Speaker 1: that I had to memorize that, which, now that I'm older,
• 6:56
  Speaker 1: I think that is like, what a terrible way to teach.
• 7:00
  Speaker 1: It is like memorize this these words only like there
• 7:04
  Speaker 1: was They'll have no meaning for you what the thing meant? Really,
• 7:07
  Speaker 1: it was just like recite this I had to remember. Um,
• 7:11
  Speaker 1: I had to memorized the song Surrey with the fringe
• 7:14
  Speaker 1: on top. For a transportation play in sixth grade. Chicks
• 7:18
  Speaker 1: and Geese and Chicks and Ducks and Geese sped scurry
• 7:22
  Speaker 1: when I take you out in Massuri, When I take
• 7:26
  Speaker 1: you wout in Massouri with the fringe on top. Very nice.
• 7:32
  Speaker 1: I was not expecting that. In this episode. Terry's over
• 7:36
  Speaker 1: here just snickering because we haven't started yet. Alright, So
• 7:39
  Speaker 1: the Gettysburg Address is a surprisingly small document. That's one
• 7:44
  Speaker 1: of the reasons why apparently school children have to memorize
• 7:47
  Speaker 1: it because it's just short. But it would not be
• 7:52
  Speaker 1: hyperbolic to say that it change the tone of American
• 7:56
  Speaker 1: politics forever from this very short speech that Abraham Lincoln
• 8:00
  Speaker 1: gave on the Gettysburg battlefield when it was being dedicated
• 8:03
  Speaker 1: as a national cemetery. Yeah, so let's let's talk a
• 8:07
  Speaker 1: bit about the background. What was going on that day
• 8:09
  Speaker 1: in November was like, you said, we're gonna open up
• 8:12
  Speaker 1: this brand new national cemetery Pennsylvania where so many people
• 8:17
  Speaker 1: died at the Battle of Gettysburg. Yeah, I know a
• 8:21
  Speaker 1: lot of them died. Yeah. From July one to July three,
• 8:24
  Speaker 1: eight sixty three, Roberty Lee and the Confederate Army budded
• 8:29
  Speaker 1: heads with the Army of the Potomac. Um. I think
• 8:32
  Speaker 1: there were soldiers from like Ohio, New York, um, a
• 8:36
  Speaker 1: couple of other states. It was. It was a lot
• 8:39
  Speaker 1: of troops under George Mead, General George Mead, it was
• 8:42
  Speaker 1: a new general at the time. Um southwest of Harrisburg.
• 8:47
  Speaker 1: It was like one of the it might have been
• 8:49
  Speaker 1: the first battle fought in the north. Yeah, there weren't
• 8:53
  Speaker 1: a lot of northern battles. Do you ever read the
• 8:56
  Speaker 1: Confederate markers here in Atlanta? Here are there? They're all
• 8:59
  Speaker 1: over the yeh, Like it's it's just kind of weird sometimes,
• 9:02
  Speaker 1: like to drive a mile from my house and see, like, well,
• 9:05
  Speaker 1: this is where so and so pushed back an army
• 9:07
  Speaker 1: of a thousand, like right where this playground is very strange,
• 9:12
  Speaker 1: like every ten ft there's one down here. Yeah. Um,
• 9:15
  Speaker 1: but like you said, not a lot of battles up north. Um.
• 9:17
  Speaker 1: This was the This was one of the key battles
• 9:20
  Speaker 1: that really swung the tide in favor of the North.
• 9:22
  Speaker 1: And it was the bloodiest, one of the bloodiest affairs
• 9:26
  Speaker 1: in American history for sure, maybe human history really. I'm
• 9:31
  Speaker 1: sure it was up there there, I'm there. It was
• 9:33
  Speaker 1: probably beaten by some World War two battles for sure,
• 9:36
  Speaker 1: but this is probably still up there with one of them. Yeah,
• 9:40
  Speaker 1: did the Civil warhead the highest casualties of any war?
• 9:46
  Speaker 1: Or it was the first it when the Civil War
• 9:50
  Speaker 1: took place, they had more casualties in all of their
• 9:53
  Speaker 1: preceding wars. Put together some some nuts so statistic like that.
• 9:57
  Speaker 1: I'm really curious what the trajector trajector of the country
• 10:00
  Speaker 1: would have been had that not happened, especially, Yeah, it
• 10:04
  Speaker 1: probably would have just been two different countries. Do you
• 10:07
  Speaker 1: think it would have been. I mean, the South is
• 10:09
  Speaker 1: just like worth the seating and the North has said no,
• 10:12
  Speaker 1: you're not. And had the North just been like all right,
• 10:15
  Speaker 1: good luck, it would have just been to the country,
• 10:18
  Speaker 1: I think, I mean, go back even further, and what
• 10:20
  Speaker 1: if there was no What if it was just a
• 10:22
  Speaker 1: unified country from the beginning, Like what would the American
• 10:24
  Speaker 1: South be like if they never would have been like,
• 10:27
  Speaker 1: you know what, we're seating? What if it was truly
• 10:30
  Speaker 1: a United States? I don't know, because the the when
• 10:34
  Speaker 1: you asked that question, you're asking like, would could the
• 10:38
  Speaker 1: issue of slavery, this huge divisive issue that was that
• 10:43
  Speaker 1: people really felt strongly on either side ending the center
• 10:47
  Speaker 1: to they were pretty strong feelings like could it have
• 10:49
  Speaker 1: been resolved in any other way besides war? I don't know. Yeah,
• 10:53
  Speaker 1: that's a great question. I'll bet there's historians out there
• 10:55
  Speaker 1: who have tried to figure it out. Well. It always
• 10:58
  Speaker 1: cracks me up to when you hear people in the
• 11:01
  Speaker 1: South still say like it was about states rights. I'm like, yeah,
• 11:05
  Speaker 1: states rights to own slaves exactly. Or they call it
• 11:08
  Speaker 1: the War of Northern Aggression. Yeah, I mean there was,
• 11:10
  Speaker 1: there was obviously more to a dance slavery, but that
• 11:13
  Speaker 1: you're fooling yourself if you don't think that was the
• 11:15
  Speaker 1: key driving component. Definitely was anyway. Um so Roberty Lee
• 11:20
  Speaker 1: goes up against the army of the Potomac. There were, uh,
• 11:23
  Speaker 1: and of course the range is is estimated, but twenty
• 11:27
  Speaker 1: three thousand dead Union casualties, which is a quarter of
• 11:30
  Speaker 1: the Union army, one quarter, not just the people who
• 11:33
  Speaker 1: are fighting in getting back the whole Union army Confederates,
• 11:38
  Speaker 1: which is a third of the Confederate army. Incredible, and
• 11:41
  Speaker 1: this is over. I did some calculations and there were
• 11:44
  Speaker 1: three days. That is every five seconds someone dying but
• 11:49
  Speaker 1: that's if the battle raged for every sects, which obviously
• 11:54
  Speaker 1: it didn't know, but every five seconds somebody died in
• 11:57
  Speaker 1: that crazy seven men per hour. Uh In in the
• 12:00
  Speaker 1: first two days, thirty five thousand died in the first
• 12:03
  Speaker 1: two days. So that was like the bloodiest two days
• 12:06
  Speaker 1: of any American conflict, if I'm not mistaken. So it
• 12:10
  Speaker 1: was a It was a big deal. And it was
• 12:13
  Speaker 1: not just a big deal in the number of casualties.
• 12:15
  Speaker 1: It was a big deal in the fact that the
• 12:17
  Speaker 1: North won this battle, that it was a Northern battle. Um,
• 12:22
  Speaker 1: because up to this point the Confederacy had been beating
• 12:25
  Speaker 1: the North pretty badly as far as if you were
• 12:29
  Speaker 1: looking at it as a battle by battle, if you're
• 12:31
  Speaker 1: just taking number of battles one to the South was
• 12:34
  Speaker 1: winning the Civil War at the time, and Abraham Lincoln
• 12:38
  Speaker 1: was fairly determined to use this occasion to help reinvigorate
• 12:43
  Speaker 1: support for the war in the North. Yeah. So Lee loses,
• 12:47
  Speaker 1: retreats to Virginia on July four and and he tried
• 12:51
  Speaker 1: to resign because he tried to and Jefferson Davis said, no,
• 12:55
  Speaker 1: thank you, I got nobody better than you. Um, he
• 12:59
  Speaker 1: was not pursued which was Um. Lincoln didn't like that,
• 13:02
  Speaker 1: and other Northern generals did not like the fact that
• 13:05
  Speaker 1: Mead didn't like put the pedal to the metal at
• 13:07
  Speaker 1: that point. Yeah, because he could have ended the war. Yeah,
• 13:10
  Speaker 1: conceivably had he kickn out Lee's army the rest of
• 13:13
  Speaker 1: it or captured him like, that would have been the
• 13:15
  Speaker 1: end of the Civil War right there. Um. And this
• 13:18
  Speaker 1: guy's like sitting there getting his nails to it, lollygagging.
• 13:23
  Speaker 1: So in the days following the Battle of Gettysburg, the
• 13:27
  Speaker 1: Union soldiers were quickly buried the ones that were immediately
• 13:30
  Speaker 1: dead uh and poorly marked pauper's graves basically um, or
• 13:36
  Speaker 1: maybe not pauper's graves, but not what they deserved. They
• 13:39
  Speaker 1: were temporary graves. They were battlefield graves. Uh. And so
• 13:43
  Speaker 1: this man named David Wills, he was an attorney in
• 13:45
  Speaker 1: the area, said you know what, we need uh to
• 13:48
  Speaker 1: do this right and he spearheaded the effort of the
• 13:50
  Speaker 1: National UH Cemetery with the Gettysburg Cemetery Commission. It was
• 13:54
  Speaker 1: the first kickstarter back in eighteen sixty three. UM. So
• 13:59
  Speaker 1: he said, you know what they're this guy uh, Eddie Everett,
• 14:03
  Speaker 1: you know him as Edward. He's sort of a rock
• 14:06
  Speaker 1: star speaker. Former Secretary of State, former senator, president of
• 14:12
  Speaker 1: Harvard College. This dude brings the house down. Let's get
• 14:16
  Speaker 1: him in here, because this guy can go for like
• 14:19
  Speaker 1: two hours straight without notes, without notes, and just like
• 14:23
  Speaker 1: the most flowery prose and he remembered every word of it.
• 14:28
  Speaker 1: Two hour long speeches that were just amazing, speeches that
• 14:32
  Speaker 1: held crowds and wrapped and he had no notes in
• 14:34
  Speaker 1: front of him. Yeah, and so they agreed to delay
• 14:37
  Speaker 1: it a little bit so he could be booked because
• 14:39
  Speaker 1: I guess he had another engagement. No, he said, this
• 14:41
  Speaker 1: is great, but I need more than a month prepare
• 14:43
  Speaker 1: a two hour eight. He wanted to do research. It
• 14:47
  Speaker 1: was so soon after the war or after the battle
• 14:49
  Speaker 1: that they dedicated it as a cemetery that um, the
• 14:53
  Speaker 1: official accounts or even like nonofficial accounts hadn't really started
• 14:57
  Speaker 1: to emerge yet. So he actually had to do his
• 14:59
  Speaker 1: own in reviews with people who were there to gather
• 15:02
  Speaker 1: like the information they needed to do a great speech
• 15:05
  Speaker 1: on it. Well, yeah, because part of a large part
• 15:07
  Speaker 1: of his speech was um Like in our article, they
• 15:11
  Speaker 1: said it was sort of like watching a a TV
• 15:13
  Speaker 1: like dateline or he had to recap the battle for
• 15:17
  Speaker 1: everyone because you know, Twitter was down and no one
• 15:22
  Speaker 1: knew what was going on. And he actually he had
• 15:25
  Speaker 1: a he had credit as a battle field order. He'd
• 15:28
  Speaker 1: given battle um a speeches that like bunker Hill and conquered.
• 15:33
  Speaker 1: And actually, when this guy came to town and spoke
• 15:36
  Speaker 1: at your battlefield, your battlefield was world famous from that
• 15:39
  Speaker 1: moment on. That's how big a deal Edward ever. It was. Yeah,
• 15:42
  Speaker 1: in fact, he was so big of a deal. They waited,
• 15:45
  Speaker 1: like we said, because he wasn't ready, and then said, oh,
• 15:47
  Speaker 1: unless also invite President Lincoln, so speak for a couple
• 15:50
  Speaker 1: of minutes. And apparently they that was Lincoln took no
• 15:54
  Speaker 1: offense to it. That was totally normal at the time.
• 15:57
  Speaker 1: It's like a ceremonial thing, it was. And and this
• 16:00
  Speaker 1: was being conducted by the state of Pennsylvania, so at
• 16:04
  Speaker 1: the time you didn't really expect much federal involvement or support.
• 16:08
  Speaker 1: But they're like, no, this is a big enough deal.
• 16:10
  Speaker 1: We we want to invite the executive branch. That is correct, sir,
• 16:14
  Speaker 1: So you want to take a break real quick, Yeah,
• 16:15
  Speaker 1: let's do it, okay, alright, So Chuck um Lincoln actually
• 16:37
  Speaker 1: was scheduled to leave at six am the morning of
• 16:41
  Speaker 1: the dedication ceremony, right, and he in the town on
• 16:45
  Speaker 1: the same day as the show. Yeah, like noon, yes,
• 16:48
  Speaker 1: which was plenty of time, something we don't even like
• 16:50
  Speaker 1: to do when we have our shows. So it's cut.
• 16:52
  Speaker 1: It's cutting a little close, um, but it can be done.
• 16:55
  Speaker 1: And he's the president and he's got a war to conduct,
• 16:58
  Speaker 1: so no one expected him to come in early. Lincoln
• 17:01
  Speaker 1: actually overrode um that schedule and said, no, I'm going
• 17:05
  Speaker 1: in the day before. This is important. I don't want
• 17:07
  Speaker 1: to miss it all together because this is a town
• 17:10
  Speaker 1: of and they're expecting fifteen thousand people to come to
• 17:14
  Speaker 1: this dedication. Right, So he left the day before, um,
• 17:19
  Speaker 1: and he was put up at that lawyer's house. Will
• 17:22
  Speaker 1: Willis I can't remember his first name, or Wills Wills
• 17:26
  Speaker 1: who wrote the thing. No, he said, no, no relation.
• 17:29
  Speaker 1: He's also not like a vampire. He's still alive. He
• 17:35
  Speaker 1: wrote the first hand account, right. Um. But he spends
• 17:40
  Speaker 1: the night at that lawyer's house and there was like
• 17:42
  Speaker 1: this town is just packed. But the fact that that
• 17:46
  Speaker 1: Lincoln wanted to do this badly enough that he went
• 17:49
  Speaker 1: early um shows that this is this meant something to
• 17:54
  Speaker 1: him people for back then, that's a large crowd, and
• 17:58
  Speaker 1: I wondered how in the world old who who hears
• 18:02
  Speaker 1: this thing the first about people? That was apparently another
• 18:07
  Speaker 1: advantage of Lincoln Shrill voices that he could project it
• 18:10
  Speaker 1: or really far. Yeah, but not to fifteen thousand. Come on,
• 18:14
  Speaker 1: I don't know. I would imagine that they had better
• 18:16
  Speaker 1: hearing back then, because they had to and because they
• 18:20
  Speaker 1: had fewer like artificial devices that were damaging their hearing. Probably,
• 18:24
  Speaker 1: I think everything I just totally made that. It extends
• 18:28
  Speaker 1: it a few more feet, but I imagine ten thousand
• 18:31
  Speaker 1: of those fifteen were like what do you say? What
• 18:34
  Speaker 1: do you say? Or maybe it's like a Montyon skit
• 18:37
  Speaker 1: and they're relaying it back and it changes each time,
• 18:39
  Speaker 1: like Occupy Wall Street thing. Yeah. So, uh, he gets
• 18:44
  Speaker 1: there the day before, and he was quite right. There
• 18:48
  Speaker 1: were plenty of dignitaries that were supposed to be there
• 18:50
  Speaker 1: that waited to leave that morning and Um didn't. They
• 18:53
  Speaker 1: missed the whole thing because they were just late. So
• 18:57
  Speaker 1: the day of the thing, they they dedication. Um Everett
• 19:02
  Speaker 1: gives his speech and it just it brings the house down.
• 19:04
  Speaker 1: It's exactly what everybody expects. Yeah, and the guy who
• 19:07
  Speaker 1: wrote this article pointed out that I would have been
• 19:10
  Speaker 1: bored to tears for a two hour speech, but apparently
• 19:13
  Speaker 1: at the time that was like entertainments. People were crazy
• 19:16
  Speaker 1: for the stuff. Yeah, the longer the better. Yeah. She
• 19:19
  Speaker 1: said that they had a much longer attention span because
• 19:23
  Speaker 1: they hadn't been corrupted by television. Yeah, that's a bit
• 19:27
  Speaker 1: of a leap, but sure it makes sense then. Yeah,
• 19:29
  Speaker 1: remember short attention span theater and comedy Central that great. Um. So,
• 19:36
  Speaker 1: Lincoln gives his speech, and a lot of hay has
• 19:38
  Speaker 1: been made over the last century or almost well century
• 19:43
  Speaker 1: and a half of the difference in length between Lincoln's statement,
• 19:48
  Speaker 1: Lincoln's addressed, and Everet's addressed, But it's like there's really
• 19:52
  Speaker 1: no point in comparing them in that sense. No one
• 19:54
  Speaker 1: expected Lincoln to speak for a very long time. They
• 19:57
  Speaker 1: expected him to dedicate the thing with some short remarks,
• 20:00
  Speaker 1: and that Everett was going to give like a two
• 20:02
  Speaker 1: hour speech. So this didn't surprise anybody at the time.
• 20:05
  Speaker 1: It just seems like in retrospect, when you compare the
• 20:07
  Speaker 1: two and the power and the everlasting nous of of
• 20:13
  Speaker 1: the two speeches that went that it's like, wow, he
• 20:16
  Speaker 1: did this in only two minutes, wherever it took two hours. Yeah,
• 20:20
  Speaker 1: I think you said two different things. Yeah, but it's
• 20:22
  Speaker 1: a it's a myth that it was like. People were like,
• 20:24
  Speaker 1: I can't believe that was so short. That's all they
• 20:26
  Speaker 1: were expecting, agreed, Um, And in fact, it was so short.
• 20:31
  Speaker 1: Here's a nice little tidbit I thought, Uh, the official
• 20:34
  Speaker 1: photographer for the event, Um, you know, it takes a
• 20:38
  Speaker 1: minute to get things set up when you're taking pictures
• 20:40
  Speaker 1: back then you're not just snapping away. And uh, he
• 20:44
  Speaker 1: took these pictures of Everett and was getting ready to
• 20:48
  Speaker 1: take pictures of Lincoln and then got everything set and
• 20:51
  Speaker 1: Lincoln like is walking off with the mic drop. Basically,
• 20:55
  Speaker 1: that may be a myth as well. I think it's
• 20:57
  Speaker 1: a great story. It is a fantastic story. There's a
• 20:59
  Speaker 1: ton of great stories out of here, Like he wrote
• 21:01
  Speaker 1: the thing on the on the back of an envelope
• 21:04
  Speaker 1: on the train ride there. Supposedly not true because he
• 21:07
  Speaker 1: was very well known as a he was a practice
• 21:10
  Speaker 1: order is a lawyer to start out with. He apparently
• 21:12
  Speaker 1: poured over his speeches, so the fact that he went
• 21:17
  Speaker 1: a day early to this um and he he decided
• 21:23
  Speaker 1: he wanted to use this occasion to help drum up
• 21:27
  Speaker 1: support for the war. He almost certainly wrote at least
• 21:31
  Speaker 1: a draft in Washington before he left. Yeah, that's what
• 21:34
  Speaker 1: they think is that he wrote most of it, if
• 21:36
  Speaker 1: not all of it, and then continue to work on
• 21:39
  Speaker 1: it on the train. But I don't think there was
• 21:41
  Speaker 1: ever an envelope involved, correct, I don't think so. He
• 21:45
  Speaker 1: had his traveling secretary or is his full time secretary
• 21:47
  Speaker 1: with him, John Hey, Yeah, John Hay uh ran it
• 21:51
  Speaker 1: by him, I guess, yeah, And he was like Pravovo,
• 21:56
  Speaker 1: another great one, and he went thank you. They sipped
• 22:03
  Speaker 1: their tea in stony silence for the rest of the train. Right,
• 22:07
  Speaker 1: had a weird relationship. So should we read this thing? Oh? Also,
• 22:11
  Speaker 1: this is where you know that whole thing was like,
• 22:13
  Speaker 1: was Abraham Lincoln gay? He shared a bed with a man?
• 22:16
  Speaker 1: I had never heard that. Oh yeah. There was a
• 22:19
  Speaker 1: very uh well read biography that came out years back, um,
• 22:25
  Speaker 1: within the two thousand sometime on Abraham lincol really popular,
• 22:29
  Speaker 1: and in it the biographer is talking about how, um,
• 22:32
  Speaker 1: I think at the Gettysburg address he shared a bed
• 22:34
  Speaker 1: with the man. And one of the reasons why, well,
• 22:37
  Speaker 1: the reason why was because the town was packed, right,
• 22:42
  Speaker 1: The town was so packed that even the President of
• 22:46
  Speaker 1: United States had to share a bed with somebody because
• 22:48
  Speaker 1: there was just nowhere else for people to be. The
• 22:51
  Speaker 1: guy who designed the cemetery had to sleep sitting up
• 22:54
  Speaker 1: in somebody's like front room, in a chair that night
• 22:58
  Speaker 1: the night before the dedication, because the town was so
• 23:00
  Speaker 1: packed at the girls. But there was this whole like,
• 23:02
  Speaker 1: was they Lincoln gay? He was an entire book not
• 23:06
  Speaker 1: about him being gay. It was mentioned in that people
• 23:08
  Speaker 1: read the book and then started talking about whether he
• 23:11
  Speaker 1: was because my book would say it was President Lincoln gay,
• 23:15
  Speaker 1: and you would open it up and said who cares?
• 23:17
  Speaker 1: At the end, it would be like, why did they
• 23:19
  Speaker 1: print a thousand plank pages after that Civil War book? Yeah? Exactly,
• 23:25
  Speaker 1: it's gotta be four inches thick, and they make great doorstops. Uh.
• 23:30
  Speaker 1: Should we read the Singing full? Yeah, with a little music,
• 23:34
  Speaker 1: maybe some something patriotic? Yeah? I think we should split
• 23:36
  Speaker 1: it in half, though, as we uh do with our
• 23:39
  Speaker 1: havween readings. Should we What are we going with her?
• 23:42
  Speaker 1: Yakety Sachs I think we used Oh Tannenbaum, Oh tan
• 23:49
  Speaker 1: Obama would be good. All right, Well, we'll see. Is
• 23:52
  Speaker 1: Jerry's choice? Jerry surprised us? Do you want to start
• 23:55
  Speaker 1: or finish? Uh? I will art because I have a
• 24:01
  Speaker 1: feeling you're gonna do better than me. Is that better
• 24:04
  Speaker 1: to finish? Then? Okay, go ahead. Four score I'm just kidding. Sorry.
• 24:14
  Speaker 1: Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth
• 24:17
  Speaker 1: on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and
• 24:21
  Speaker 1: dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
• 24:25
  Speaker 1: Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing
• 24:28
  Speaker 1: whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,
• 24:32
  Speaker 1: can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield
• 24:36
  Speaker 1: of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion
• 24:39
  Speaker 1: of that field as a final resting place for those
• 24:41
  Speaker 1: who here gave their lives that this nation might live.
• 24:45
  Speaker 1: It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
• 24:48
  Speaker 1: But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate,
• 24:53
  Speaker 1: We cannot hollow this ground. The brave men, living and dead,
• 24:57
  Speaker 1: who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our poor
• 25:01
  Speaker 1: power to add or detract. That was wonderful, It was okay,
• 25:05
  Speaker 1: all right, I'm gonna bring it home. Should I do
• 25:08
  Speaker 1: it in a high bits? Now, that's why I figured
• 25:10
  Speaker 1: I should go first. Let's bringing the helium. Uh, here
• 25:14
  Speaker 1: we go. The world will little note nor long remember
• 25:19
  Speaker 1: what we say here, but it can never forget what
• 25:21
  Speaker 1: they did here. It is for us, the living, rather
• 25:24
  Speaker 1: to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they
• 25:28
  Speaker 1: who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It
• 25:32
  Speaker 1: is rather for us to be here dedicated to the
• 25:34
  Speaker 1: great task remaining before us, that from these honored dead
• 25:39
  Speaker 1: we take increased devotion to that cause for which they
• 25:42
  Speaker 1: gave the last full measure of devotion. That we here
• 25:45
  Speaker 1: highly resolved that these dead shall not have died in vain,
• 25:49
  Speaker 1: that this nation under God shall have a new birth
• 25:52
  Speaker 1: of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people,
• 25:56
  Speaker 1: for the people shall not perish from the earth. Boom
• 26:04
  Speaker 1: abe out and he dropped his mike. It really is
• 26:08
  Speaker 1: at the modern the modern description of this speech is
• 26:12
  Speaker 1: that it's a mic drop. Two hundred and seventy two,
• 26:16
  Speaker 1: two seventy three depends on what version you're looking at.
• 26:21
  Speaker 1: Words under two minutes is all he needed. Under two minutes,
• 26:25
  Speaker 1: and he was even interrupted with applause five times, and
• 26:29
  Speaker 1: it still only took two minutes. And when when he
• 26:32
  Speaker 1: when he said this, chuck. When he gave the speech,
• 26:36
  Speaker 1: it was totally in contrast with the way politicians are
• 26:40
  Speaker 1: any order at the time, spoke the two hour spiel.
• 26:44
  Speaker 1: That ever, gave a lot of raw raw stuff that
• 26:47
  Speaker 1: was the standard standard stuff, flowery language, lots of lofty
• 26:52
  Speaker 1: rhetoric while admonishing the Confederacy. Admonishing is that the right word? Yeah? Um,
• 26:59
  Speaker 1: just a really kind of a rousing type of thing.
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: But the idea that you that a politician would get
• 27:04
  Speaker 1: up and give a plain spoken speech was new as
• 27:10
  Speaker 1: of the moment Abraham Lincoln gave the Gettysburg address. The guy,
• 27:14
  Speaker 1: the author, Gary Wills, the historian, not the lawyer who
• 27:18
  Speaker 1: set the whole thing up allegedly. Um, not the same guy.
• 27:22
  Speaker 1: He points out that, Um, uh Everett, that's the first name, Edward.
• 27:29
  Speaker 1: Edward Everett gave his speech at the last moment in
• 27:32
  Speaker 1: history when it was customary to give a speech like that.
• 27:35
  Speaker 1: Because Abraham Lincoln got on stage right after that and
• 27:38
  Speaker 1: changed it forever in the opposite direction. And they say that, um,
• 27:43
  Speaker 1: he changed American speech for not just like speaking, that's
• 27:48
  Speaker 1: his oration, but also writing, and that Mark Twain's modern
• 27:52
  Speaker 1: novel Huckleberry Finn, the first modern novel um followed in
• 27:56
  Speaker 1: the footsteps of the Gettysburg Address or the way of
• 28:01
  Speaker 1: speaking and talking that Lincoln laid down in the Gettysburg Address,
• 28:05
  Speaker 1: like he just changed everything. Wow, yeah, all right, well
• 28:08
  Speaker 1: let's take another break because I have to reflect on that.
• 28:11
  Speaker 1: You just laid down some heavy stuff. And uh, we'll
• 28:14
  Speaker 1: finish up after this speech. Changer, who was That's what
• 28:35
  Speaker 1: you said? Changer? Um? And it was amazing. And and
• 28:40
  Speaker 1: whoever wrote our article? Who was that? Uh? Tiffany Connor.
• 28:44
  Speaker 1: Tiffany Connor, she's great. Um. She points out that it
• 28:49
  Speaker 1: was a time when, um, they were starting to send
• 28:53
  Speaker 1: messages via telegraph, so that also tied end and that
• 28:59
  Speaker 1: people we're trying to get to the point a little quicker,
• 29:02
  Speaker 1: I think because of the telegraph. And I started talking
• 29:05
  Speaker 1: to somebody to snap your fingers, like come on, yeah,
• 29:08
  Speaker 1: like you're sitting a telegraph and you gentlemen on this
• 29:12
  Speaker 1: day and they're like all right, yeah, yeah, yeah, I
• 29:15
  Speaker 1: need to go to the bathroom. That's what I'm trying
• 29:17
  Speaker 1: to say. So they were just striving for a more
• 29:20
  Speaker 1: concise language. And I think Lincoln really like put a
• 29:25
  Speaker 1: uh he dotted the eye, maybe even cross the tea
• 29:28
  Speaker 1: as well. Yeah, and said like this is a better
• 29:30
  Speaker 1: way to talk. And it sounds even a little flowery
• 29:32
  Speaker 1: to us, but like we should have read parts of
• 29:34
  Speaker 1: Everett speech. That's where we failed. We failed pretty badly. Um, alright,
• 29:42
  Speaker 1: So what else was different about it? It was, Um,
• 29:46
  Speaker 1: it was a pretty radical idea at the time too,
• 29:50
  Speaker 1: because what he kind of did with his speech, well,
• 29:51
  Speaker 1: not what kind of did. What he very much did
• 29:53
  Speaker 1: was say, let's take a big picture of view of
• 29:56
  Speaker 1: this thing. And and they point out he doesn't talk
• 30:00
  Speaker 1: about slavery or the Confederate army or the Union army. Um.
• 30:04
  Speaker 1: He talks about things in very broad terms and basically says,
• 30:07
  Speaker 1: you know what, the Declaration of Independence was the bomb.
• 30:14
  Speaker 1: That was the deal, the real deal, and the Constitution
• 30:18
  Speaker 1: is the means by which we serve that document. Because
• 30:22
  Speaker 1: at the time there were southerns going old slavery is
• 30:24
  Speaker 1: not even in the Constitution, right, it was very much
• 30:27
  Speaker 1: If not that the Constitution was the guiding document of
• 30:31
  Speaker 1: the United States government, then at least no one was
• 30:35
  Speaker 1: saying that the Declaration of Independence was Lincoln was basically
• 30:40
  Speaker 1: saying with the speech he was reframing it. He was saying, no,
• 30:43
  Speaker 1: it's the in the Declaration of Independence laid out the ideals.
• 30:47
  Speaker 1: The Constitution is just the vehicle you used to get
• 30:49
  Speaker 1: to those ideals. And let's all remember that in the
• 30:53
  Speaker 1: Declaration of Independence it talks about all men being created
• 30:56
  Speaker 1: equal and in today's modern world where it's gonna substitute
• 31:00
  Speaker 1: men with humans. Yeah, and and even at the time
• 31:04
  Speaker 1: it was obviously people weren't so far along that Lincoln
• 31:09
  Speaker 1: was like, you know, and slaves should be completely equal
• 31:12
  Speaker 1: to us starting today. Like it was even a process
• 31:16
  Speaker 1: for the North to to bring about equality over time.
• 31:21
  Speaker 1: But just the notion that we deserve everyone is born
• 31:26
  Speaker 1: and deserves equality was a radical idea at the time. Yeah,
• 31:30
  Speaker 1: and so, I mean, it's really worth As I was
• 31:33
  Speaker 1: researching this, I had to go back and reread the
• 31:36
  Speaker 1: address a couple of times, and once I did, it
• 31:39
  Speaker 1: really started to sink in. Yeah, finally, now and almost
• 31:42
  Speaker 1: my fortieth year on this planet, I can understand the
• 31:45
  Speaker 1: Gettysburg Address. It should not be teaching this to school children.
• 31:49
  Speaker 1: It's totally meaningless to them or to break it down
• 31:51
  Speaker 1: sentence by sentence and really explain it. Sure, okay, you
• 31:54
  Speaker 1: know if you have like you know, um, the poet Society,
• 31:59
  Speaker 1: teacher or Captain Mike Captain, who was the guy that
• 32:03
  Speaker 1: Matthew Perry played ron somebody Chandler b Chandler bing. It
• 32:08
  Speaker 1: was a different role. This is a teacher, like a
• 32:11
  Speaker 1: really inspirational teacher and something. Yeah, um, you're thinking almost
• 32:17
  Speaker 1: that was the Malagro beanfield War. No, that was Alabamba. Man,
• 32:25
  Speaker 1: we got off track. What was my point that Matthew
• 32:29
  Speaker 1: Perry was the best friend? Oh that like, this doesn't
• 32:32
  Speaker 1: mean anything to school children. But one of the reasons
• 32:35
  Speaker 1: why is not because it's above their heads, because this
• 32:38
  Speaker 1: is the way we see America now. But the reason
• 32:42
  Speaker 1: we see America in America government and the idea that
• 32:44
  Speaker 1: it's by the people, of the people, for the people,
• 32:46
  Speaker 1: and that people are created equal, and that was the
• 32:49
  Speaker 1: ideals of the Founding the Founding fathers were laid out
• 32:52
  Speaker 1: in the Declaration of Independence and then that's the true
• 32:55
  Speaker 1: guiding document. Um. The reason we see these things is
• 32:58
  Speaker 1: because of the gettysburgherge us in these two hundred and
• 33:01
  Speaker 1: seventy two wish words. He changed the way that all
• 33:05
  Speaker 1: Americans from that point forward saw America. And as a
• 33:08
  Speaker 1: matter of fact, um. Again, Gary Wills points out that
• 33:12
  Speaker 1: prior to the Gettysburg Address, people referred to the United
• 33:15
  Speaker 1: States in the plural form, like the United States are
• 33:18
  Speaker 1: a great place to visit. Um. Afterwards a collection of states. Yes,
• 33:23
  Speaker 1: And afterwards it became single and unified and a singular noun,
• 33:28
  Speaker 1: the United States is a great place to visit. That
• 33:30
  Speaker 1: came after the Gettysburg Address, except for these states. Right
• 33:34
  Speaker 1: steer clear of these. Um. I had a great Shakespeare
• 33:38
  Speaker 1: teacher in college that man. I wish I could remember
• 33:42
  Speaker 1: his name, because I would shout him out. But he
• 33:44
  Speaker 1: you know, Shakespeare's tough for most people. Um. He literally
• 33:50
  Speaker 1: every day in class we would sit down. I think
• 33:52
  Speaker 1: we went through like three plays a year or a
• 33:54
  Speaker 1: quarter in one class, and we would just read the thing.
• 33:59
  Speaker 1: And he would stop about every thirty seconds say here's
• 34:03
  Speaker 1: what that means. Here's what he's saying, and we will go, oh,
• 34:05
  Speaker 1: that's what that means. Then we would read the next section.
• 34:08
  Speaker 1: Someone to read it. He go, here's what that means
• 34:10
  Speaker 1: he's really saying, And he would really put it in
• 34:11
  Speaker 1: like terms college kids can understand, like, you know when
• 34:14
  Speaker 1: your friend does this, and that's what's happening here with
• 34:18
  Speaker 1: with with Horatio, and um, it was just like it
• 34:22
  Speaker 1: blew my mind because we all left with complete full
• 34:26
  Speaker 1: understanding of like three plays at a time and would
• 34:30
  Speaker 1: scramble to like sign up for his his Shakespeare two
• 34:33
  Speaker 1: class because he was so awesome, and I just I
• 34:36
  Speaker 1: don't know, it seems like such an effective way to
• 34:37
  Speaker 1: teach when you're talking about this these old languages. You
• 34:41
  Speaker 1: can sit around and read Chaucer all day and unless
• 34:44
  Speaker 1: someone's explaining, like what what it means? Because these stories
• 34:47
  Speaker 1: are wonderful, amazing stories in particular too. Yeah, but if
• 34:51
  Speaker 1: you don't get it, you don't, it's not hitting home.
• 34:54
  Speaker 1: You gotta like liken it to something that they identify
• 34:56
  Speaker 1: with or basically completely master old or Middle English. Yeah,
• 35:01
  Speaker 1: who wants to do that? That's sneat man. I wish
• 35:03
  Speaker 1: you could remember the guys thinking is it Mr Ames,
• 35:06
  Speaker 1: Mr Barr? I think it was Mr Carr, Dr byng dr.
• 35:11
  Speaker 1: That's okay. So these days the Gettysburg address, there are
• 35:15
  Speaker 1: a few different versions of it. There were at least five,
• 35:19
  Speaker 1: they believe versions, and I think two of them now
• 35:23
  Speaker 1: actually written down versions are the Library of Congress. Are
• 35:29
  Speaker 1: they on display? They're probably on display, right sure? Or
• 35:31
  Speaker 1: you can just be like, let me see one of
• 35:33
  Speaker 1: the Gettysburg addresses and they'll run off and get it. Yeah,
• 35:35
  Speaker 1: you just gotta put a fifty in their front pocket. Uh.
• 35:39
  Speaker 1: So you can actually look at these and they're mostly
• 35:41
  Speaker 1: the same except for just some little revisions here and there.
• 35:44
  Speaker 1: Then he made I guess post um. Yeah, yeah, because
• 35:50
  Speaker 1: because he knew the document would live on and if
• 35:52
  Speaker 1: they had dressed this is this confused me for a second.
• 35:55
  Speaker 1: I had to wrap my head around it. If he
• 35:56
  Speaker 1: had dressed before then it would have proven unequivocally that
• 35:59
  Speaker 1: he had written it before he was on the train.
• 36:03
  Speaker 1: But the fact that myth is still around is because
• 36:05
  Speaker 1: there's no fact to counterbalance it. So that means that
• 36:07
  Speaker 1: all the drafts came after. There are copies that he
• 36:10
  Speaker 1: made that imagine his secretary wrote down himself. I think
• 36:15
  Speaker 1: he gave them some to him. But yeah, I'm sure
• 36:18
  Speaker 1: John Hay was responsible for it. But John Hay had
• 36:20
  Speaker 1: one that is in the Library of Congress, right, Yeah.
• 36:22
  Speaker 1: But it's funny that you don't think about like any
• 36:25
  Speaker 1: like four copies of this, So start writing right, you know,
• 36:29
  Speaker 1: get out the pin and would a kill you to
• 36:30
  Speaker 1: draw some rabbits doing some weird things in the margins.
• 36:34
  Speaker 1: So what about the reaction? Um, I think there's been
• 36:37
  Speaker 1: a lot of disagreement depending on who you talked to.
• 36:40
  Speaker 1: Some people say it in the moment at the place,
• 36:43
  Speaker 1: it wasn't super well received, but other people are saying like, no,
• 36:47
  Speaker 1: that's a myth. Yeah, apparently it's another big myth that
• 36:51
  Speaker 1: especially he walked off and was like, man, they really
• 36:54
  Speaker 1: hated that I blew it. Yeah, he he knew that
• 36:58
  Speaker 1: it did exactly what he wanted it too. Yeah, he
• 37:00
  Speaker 1: wanted to drop the mic and he did, and supposedly
• 37:03
  Speaker 1: the crowd was pretty happy with it. And people are like,
• 37:06
  Speaker 1: why do you drop that corn cob? Why was he
• 37:09
  Speaker 1: talking into it the whole time? And why did it
• 37:12
  Speaker 1: amplify his voice? That was the most surprising part. Uh, Well,
• 37:16
  Speaker 1: who cares if they liked it or not at the time.
• 37:18
  Speaker 1: We love it now, yeah, go crazy over it. Clearly
• 37:22
  Speaker 1: we've been like breathlessly talking about how great the Gettysburg
• 37:25
  Speaker 1: addresses this whole time. We haven't even entertained the other
• 37:29
  Speaker 1: side that it sucked. You know what else we didn't
• 37:33
  Speaker 1: do was the very thing we said it would be
• 37:34
  Speaker 1: a great way to teach people. We should have read
• 37:37
  Speaker 1: it and after every few sentences broken down what it meant.
• 37:40
  Speaker 1: That's not our job. All right, We're not gonna do
• 37:42
  Speaker 1: all the work. Do you want to know? Okay, we'll
• 37:45
  Speaker 1: let the teachers do it. Yeah. I encourage this should
• 37:47
  Speaker 1: be in classrooms. Did we say anything really bad in
• 37:50
  Speaker 1: this one? Yeah? This is a teaching aid. Watch this
• 37:53
  Speaker 1: turn record over now remember that? Oh yeah? Okay. Uh.
• 38:01
  Speaker 1: If you want to know more about the Gettysburg address,
• 38:03
  Speaker 1: ask your teacher and you can also go on to
• 38:07
  Speaker 1: our great website how Stuff Works dot com and type
• 38:09
  Speaker 1: in Gettysburg address. No h at the end, we're not
• 38:12
  Speaker 1: in Scotland. Nope, and uh, since I said Scotland, it's
• 38:15
  Speaker 1: time for a listener mail. By the way, quickly, I uh,
• 38:22
  Speaker 1: after the other day talking about the Brules rules on sushi,
• 38:26
  Speaker 1: I went and watch it again like three times. Yeah,
• 38:28
  Speaker 1: I still haven't seen it. Did you? Did you watch
• 38:30
  Speaker 1: bag Boy? That that one? Listening? Now? I still didn't know.
• 38:33
  Speaker 1: I looked it up. I haven't sitting on a Google search.
• 38:35
  Speaker 1: I haven't had time to give any attention to it.
• 38:40
  Speaker 1: I remember what it was specifically about it that really
• 38:42
  Speaker 1: killed me was is that he says shush said the sushi,
• 38:49
  Speaker 1: and the intros saying like, we have a chef here
• 38:52
  Speaker 1: to make some delicious sushi sandwiches. Sushi sandwiches. All right.
• 39:00
  Speaker 1: This is from I know you remember Kathleen of Cooper Cats,
• 39:04
  Speaker 1: the PR Agency, former PR. Yes, many years ago, We've
• 39:09
  Speaker 1: farmed out our PR to this great company New York,
• 39:12
  Speaker 1: Cooper Cats, and Kathleen worked there, still does, and she
• 39:16
  Speaker 1: was awesome and super nice. And she wrote this in
• 39:21
  Speaker 1: about something she's working on this year to her heart,
• 39:23
  Speaker 1: which I think is pretty important, Hey guys. And she
• 39:26
  Speaker 1: had some nice things to say early on wowry rhetoric
• 39:29
  Speaker 1: like Edward just catching up with us. But I won't
• 39:31
  Speaker 1: bore you with that. Um hey guys. Uh, it wasn't
• 39:34
  Speaker 1: boring to us, by the way, I just don't want
• 39:36
  Speaker 1: to you know. Um Hey, guys. I was writing because
• 39:39
  Speaker 1: of one of our clients nowadays is Memorial Sloan Kettering
• 39:42
  Speaker 1: Cancer Center. Are there, the oldest and largest private cancer
• 39:45
  Speaker 1: center in the US, And we're beginning a big public awareness,
• 39:48
  Speaker 1: slash press, push around misconceptions um and misperceptions and miss
• 39:55
  Speaker 1: about clinical trials that people have about them. While this
• 39:59
  Speaker 1: is for a client, it's really important to me. I've
• 40:01
  Speaker 1: learned a lot of things. One, only four of patients
• 40:05
  Speaker 1: participate in clinical trials. Wow, it's alarmingly low, even though
• 40:11
  Speaker 1: they are the root of every current in future advance
• 40:13
  Speaker 1: and treatment. People have negative impressions of clinical trials, and
• 40:17
  Speaker 1: that changes as soon as they learn more about them.
• 40:20
  Speaker 1: Other things I learned through my work with msk UM
• 40:24
  Speaker 1: things I learned about my work with Memorial Sloan Kettering
• 40:27
  Speaker 1: I had no idea about before the trials. Uh. They
• 40:29
  Speaker 1: are not just for last resorts clinical trials. Many of
• 40:32
  Speaker 1: the best treatments are offered early in treatment through clinical
• 40:36
  Speaker 1: trial participation. Clinical trials are much more targeted today Uh.
• 40:40
  Speaker 1: Through genetic screening, tumor testing, and precision medicine. Doctors have
• 40:45
  Speaker 1: a much better grasp but what works and what will not.
• 40:48
  Speaker 1: Almost no clinical trials for cancer and volve placebos. Uh.
• 40:52
  Speaker 1: Though most people are concerned about this like yeah, like
• 40:54
  Speaker 1: I don't want to I want the drug yeah, um,
• 40:59
  Speaker 1: yeah exactly. And cost is a huge concern for people
• 41:01
  Speaker 1: thinking about and rolling and yet almost all out of
• 41:03
  Speaker 1: pocket costs for treatment are covered. Uh so that is
• 41:07
  Speaker 1: from Kathleen, and she makes some good points there, she does,
• 41:11
  Speaker 1: and I never really thought about it. I think we
• 41:12
  Speaker 1: just got pard. We did ps If you happen to
• 41:15
  Speaker 1: need a good cry uh memorial Sloan Kettering, and I
• 41:19
  Speaker 1: do not. By the way, Kathleen, they just wrapped up
• 41:22
  Speaker 1: a two week partnership with Humans of New York. To
• 41:25
  Speaker 1: that website. Man, they're great. It's an incredible photo documentary
• 41:29
  Speaker 1: of the world of pediatric cancer. Uh so many of
• 41:33
  Speaker 1: the miracles documented were results of clinical trials, is why
• 41:36
  Speaker 1: I'm so passionate about pushing this information. And Kathleen just
• 41:40
  Speaker 1: had her second little bab congratulations and uh important stuff.
• 41:45
  Speaker 1: So look into clinical trials and maybe we should do
• 41:48
  Speaker 1: a show on them one day. We definitely should be.
• 41:51
  Speaker 1: I really am surprised that we haven't already have we not?
• 41:55
  Speaker 1: We did on human experimentation, but we've probably talked more
• 41:58
  Speaker 1: about the sordid side of it, like boo section, the
• 42:01
  Speaker 1: gruesome Oh yeah, we did, and we talked about, like
• 42:04
  Speaker 1: you know, the regulations on people who are human guinea pig. Yeah,
• 42:08
  Speaker 1: we should. We will do one on Clinical Trump. Yeah.
• 42:10
  Speaker 1: So that's awesome, Kathleen. It's cool when you can do
• 42:12
  Speaker 1: work that you can PR with a good feeling. And
• 42:15
  Speaker 1: we're sorry about URPR episode. I'm not. I stand by that. No,
• 42:20
  Speaker 1: I think it's great episode, but it probably should have
• 42:21
  Speaker 1: been called the Legend of Edward Burnet's and less. This
• 42:25
  Speaker 1: is what PR is like. It was a fun episode,
• 42:28
  Speaker 1: isn't it. It surely was. If you want to know
• 42:31
  Speaker 1: more about us, you can hang out with us on
• 42:34
  Speaker 1: Twitter at s Y s K podcast. Same goes for Instagram,
• 42:38
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• 42:40
  Speaker 1: like that. You can also hang out with us on
• 42:43
  Speaker 1: Facebook at Facebook dot com, slash Stuff you Should Know,
• 42:45
  Speaker 1: and you can send us emails to stuff podcast at
• 42:48
  Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com. Lastly, hang out with us
• 42:51
  Speaker 1: at our home on the Web, our playhouse for the
• 42:55
  Speaker 1: Internet Stuff you Should Know dot com. For more on
• 43:03
  Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics, visit how stuff Works
• 43:06
  Speaker 1: dot com.