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Will Quantum Computing Send Bitcoin to Zero? | Beyond Bitcoin · Simply Bitcoin

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  Imagine a supercomputer so powerful it could crack the
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  locks on your bank account, your passwords, your Netflix queue
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  and even your Bitcoin. We're talking quantum computers
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  and the Internet's toughest security system, a little thing
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  called Shaw 256. Honey, where is the flashlight?
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  Are you recording in the bathroom again?
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  Excuse me for a second, is this the end of your online privacy?
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  Is your Bitcoin going to zero? Are we out of milk?
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  Is this all just hyped up? sci-fi scare from unwatchable
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  Bitcoin clickbait video. What do you think Johnny Bingo
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  4062 This video is going to be wild, juicy and easy to get.
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  No tech degree needed, just a love for drama and a curiosity
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  about the future. I'm oceans this is beyond
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  Bitcoin. Let's have a glimpse into our
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  future, shall we? We're going to talk mostly about
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  the hash functions that are used routinely in cryptography for
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  things like message authentication, digital
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  signatures, and so on. So they need to be fairly quick
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  both to verify and compute. A hash function takes some
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  string right, let's say ABC, and it turns it into some fixed
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  length string, but it's not usually 3 long of random.
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  So you know a bit string, right? But so so you naughty 11
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  naughty, naughty one naughty 11 dot dot dot going forward this
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  way for however many bits that hash function is.
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  Now there's a few important properties of hash functions
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  that we care about for cryptography, but the most
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  important one perhaps is that it's essentially pseudo random.
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  So that means that we put in ABC and we get out something that is
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  in no way like ABC and appears completely random to us.
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  And if we change this even slightly, because it's appearing
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  random, this is completely changed.
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  So let's have a quick look at SHA one as an example, just so
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  we can see this in action. I'm on some page that has a
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  script that calculates hashes on the fly.
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  So I can put in ABC, and you can see that the hash is a 9993 E
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  and so on all the way up to D, right?
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  This is the SHA 1 hash. A SHA 1 hash is 160 bits long.
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  If I change this C to AD, the hash is completely changed.
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  So there's the appearance of randomness, the idea that this
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  hash is actually not related to this at all, even though it is,
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  and we know it is, because if I put C back again, we're back to
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  A9993. OK, picture this.
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  Every time you want to shop online or send an e-mail or
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  check your bank balance, there's a digital lock keeping your
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  stuff safe. That lock is called Shaw 256,
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  and it's like the Fort Knox of the Internet.
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  But there's a new kid on the block, quantum computers.
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  And experts say that these quantum computers can pick that
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  lock like a master thief in a heist movie.
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  Exactly. Let's start with Shaw 256.
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  Don't let the name scare you. It's just a super fancy metric
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  that protects your digital life. Think of it as the world's
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  toughest lock on your online bank account, your Amazon
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  orders, your spicy DMS. It takes your data and scrambles it into
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  a 64 digit code, which is harder to crack than a billionaire's
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  safe. SHA 256 is actually the backbone
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  of everything secure online, from Bitcoin to your favorite
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  shopping sites. To break this lock, a hacker
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  would have to guess the exact key out of trillions upon
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  trillions of possibilities. And on a regular computer, that
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  would take longer than the universe has been around.
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  If you want to find a message whose SHA 256 hash is some
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  specific string of 256 bits, you have no better method than to
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  just guess and check random messages, and this would require
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  on average 2 to the 256 guesses. Now, this is a number so far
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  removed from anything that we ever deal with that it can be
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  hard to appreciate its size, but let's give it a try. 2 to the
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  256 is the same as two to the 32 multiplied by itself 8 times.
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  Now, what's nice about that split is that 2 to the 32 is 4
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  billion, which is at least a number we can think about,
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  right? It's the kind of thing you might
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  see in a headline. So all we need to do is
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  appreciate what multiplying 4 billion times itself 8
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  successive times really feels like.
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  As many of you know, the GPU on your computer can let you run a
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  whole bunch of computations in parallel incredibly quickly.
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  So if you were to specially program a GPU to run a
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  cryptographic hash function over and over, a really good one
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  might be able to do a little less than a billion hashes per
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  second. And let's say that you just take
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  a bunch of those and cram your computer full of extra GPU's so
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  that your computer can run 4 billion hashes per second.
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  So the first 4 billion here is going to represent the number of
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  hashes per second per computer. Now picture 4 billion of these
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  GPU packed computers for comparison.
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  Even though Google does not at all make their number of servers
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  public, estimates have it somewhere in the single digit
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  millions. In reality, most of those
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  servers are going to be much less powerful than our imagined
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  GPU packed machine. But let's say that Google
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  replaced all of its millions of servers with a machine like
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  this. Then 4 billion machines would
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  mean about 1000 copies of this souped up Google.
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  Let's call that 1K Google worth of computing power.
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  There's about 7.3 billion people on Earth.
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  So next imagine giving a little over half of every individual on
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  Earth their own personal kilo Google.
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  Now imagine 4 billion copies of this Earth.
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  For comparison, the Milky Way has somewhere between 100 and
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  400 billion stars. We don't really know, but the
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  estimates tend to be in that range.
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  So this would be akin to a full 1% of every star in the Galaxy
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  having a copy of Earth, where half the people on that Earth
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  have their own personal killer. Google next try to imagine 4
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  billion copies of the Milky Way, and we're going to call this
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  your giga galactic supercomputer running about two to the 160
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  guesses every second. Now, 4 billion seconds, that's
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  about 126.8 years. 4 billion of those, well, that's 507 billion
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  years, which is about 37 times the age of the universe.
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  So even if you were to have your GPU packed kilogram per person
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  multiplanetary gigagalactic computer guessing numbers for 37
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  times the age of the universe, it would still only have a one
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  in 4 billion chance of finding the correct guess.
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  That's kind. Of what makes Shaw 256 the hero
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  of our digital world. But here comes the villain
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  quantum computers, and they're bringing some serious heat.
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  Let's start with what we know. We understand classical
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  computing. Picture a library of 1000 books
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  and you're hunting for one specific phrase in that entire
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  library. Let's just say the phrase that
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  we're that we're searching for is what is a topological qubit?
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  So a classical processor. Think of it like a librarian.
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  It's very methodical. They grab one book, they flip
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  through every single page. There's no match.
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  So then they move on to the second book as they're looking
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  for this phrase, and one by one they check a thought.
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  Let's just say there's 1000 books in this library.
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  Maybe it's book 10, maybe it's book 999.
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  But this is a serial step by step process that's at work.
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  And this is like your, you know, your classical processors where
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  there's one or, or there's zero on or off, no shortcuts.
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  It's just how your laptop works. Now let's talk about quantum
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  computing. Same library, same thousand
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  books, same phrase that we're searching for.
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  But this librarians like not flipping through the pages.
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  They're able to scan the whole library in one shot, not by
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  opening every book, but by somehow knowing every book's
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  contents all at once. And what they do is they find
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  this phrase, what is topological qubit?
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  What is a topological qubit in a fraction of the steps?
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  So like maybe 32 steps instead of 1000 steps of checking 1000
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  books. So I know this sounds nuts, but
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  this is this is effectively what quantum computing can do.
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  It has massive parallelism. It's not brute force.
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  I'm sure you've heard this, but quantum computers aren't your
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  average laptop. Regular computers, they use
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  bits. They're like a light switch.
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  They're either on or off, one or zero.
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  Now quantum computers, they use qubits.
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  That's Cubert, that qubit, but pretty close.
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  Which can be on and off and everything in between all at
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  once. Basically an immediate
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  understanding of all the possibilities all at once.
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  Can you imagine? It's like juggling 1,000,000
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  balls while riding a unicycle and solving A Rubik's Cube.
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  And it's insanely fast for certain problems.
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  Here's where it gets interesting.
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  Quantum computers use a trick called the Grover's algorithm,
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  which I don't know what it is because I'm not a coder or a
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  software developer. I just look up things on the
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  Internet, like you, but I digress.
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  We could think of it as a cheat code for picking locks.
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  In theory, it could take half the time to crack Shaw 256.
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  Let's say you only have one key that fits one house in the
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  entire world. Well, with quantum computers now
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  you only have to check half the houses in the entire world,
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  which is still quite a lot to crack Shaw 256, but it's half
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  the time, so at least you have that going for you, I guess I
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  have that. It's still a lot, but it's way
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  faster. Today's quantum computers are
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  like prototype sports cars. They're flashy, they go real
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  fast, but they break down after about a lap.
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  They've got maybe 1000 qubits in their super glitchy To crack
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  Shaw 256, you'd need millions of perfect qubits, and we're
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  nowhere close. So are quantum computers about
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  to unlock your Bitcoin and steal all of your life savings?
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  Not so fast. Cracking Shaw 256 with a quantum
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  computer would still take a ridiculous amount of time.
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  Experts say that we're decades away from a quantum computer
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  that's even strong enough to try.
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  And that's sort of like worrying about flying cars crashing into
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  your house today. But let's make this salacious
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  Imagine a secret lab deep underground where mad scientists
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  are building a quantum super weapon.
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  They're cackling, ready to hack the Internet.
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  Sounds like a movie, right? Here's the plot twist.
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  The Internet is not defenseless. Shaw 256 is just one layer of
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  security. Your money, your data, it's
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  protected by a digital fortress with multiple walls.
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  And guess what? The good guys are already
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  building quantum proof locks, so why should you care?
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  Good question. Because this is about more than
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  tech. It's about your money and your
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  privacy and your security online.
• 10:45
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• 10:47
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  your purchase. Great deal.
• 11:17
  Link in the description below. Quantum computers are coming,
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  but they're not the apocalypse and your Bitcoin is safe.
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  It's been dodging hackers for decades.
• 11:25
  Scientists, engineers, and even you Bitcoin nerds are working on
• 11:28
  upgrades to keep your data safe, whether you're buying sneakers
• 11:32
  or you're stacking Bitcoin. Here's the juicy part.
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  Juicy part. This is a race.
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  On one side, quantum hackers are dreaming of a digital chaos.
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  On the other side, a global army of brainiacs are building
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  unbreakable Shields. And you know what?
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  I'm betting on the good guys. The Internet has survived
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  viruses, scams and the Y2K panic.
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  It'll survive this too. So don't lose sleep.
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  Your passwords, your cash and your cat videos.
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  They're all safe for now. Quantum computers are cool,
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  scary and straight out of a sci-fi movie, but they are not
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  cracking the internet's locks anytime soon.
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  Shaw 256, which is what secures Bitcoin, if you didn't know, is
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  holding strong and we've got time to build even tougher
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  defenses or is this just a SI up?
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  I've been programmed to believe you decide I'm not going to so
• 12:21
  keep shopping. That's what this is all about
• 12:23
  shopping. So keep shopping shop to your
• 12:26
  heart's content and living your digital life without fear.
• 12:29
  Thank you so much for watching. But real quick, SAS mining makes
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• 12:46
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  you in the next one. I will not see you in the next
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  one because I am not seeing anyone.
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  I'm just looking at a black circle of mystery, just looking
• 13:23
  right at me, not saying anything, just recording
• 13:26
  everything that I'm saying to you.
• 13:29
  My motions. This is beyond Bitcoin.
• 13:31
  Until next time.