Abdil Mughis Mudhoffir - Disorder and the Preman State
Abdil Mughis Mudhoffir - disorder and the preman state Indonesian modern history is littered with stories of shadowy figures, underworld groups, militia, and criminal gangs, commonly known as preman. For its co-option and adoption of the activities and characteristics of these groups, scholars described the New Order period of Suharto’s authoritarian regime as the ‘preman state’. Almost three decades later, the role of these informal violence networks, protection racketeers, and gangsters, remains entwined within the political, social, and economic structures of democratic Indonesia…
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