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17 - The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe - Daniel Defoe · Adventure Books Library

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Chapter sixteen, Safe arrival in England. It was talking one night with a
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certain prince, one of the vanished ministers of state belonging to the Tsar,
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that the discourse of my particular case began. He had been telling the abundance
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of fine things, of the greatness, the magnificence, the dominions, and
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the absolute power of the Emperor of the Russians. I interrupted him and told
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him I was a greater and more powerful prince than ever the Tsar was,
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though my dominion were not so large or my people so many. The Russian
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Grande looked a little surprised, and, fixing his eyes steadily upon me,
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began to wonder what I meant. I said his wonder would cease when I
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had explained myself and told him the story at large of my living in the
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island, and then how I managed both myself and the people that were under
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me, just as I have since minuted it down. They were exceedingly taken
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with the story, and especially the Prince, who told me with a sigh
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that the true greatness of life was to be made masters of ourselves, that
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he would not have exchanged such a state of life as mine to be Tsar
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of Muscovy, and that he found more felicity in the retirement he seemed to
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be banished to there than ever he found in the highest authority. He enjoyed
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in the court of his master, the Czar, that the height of human
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wisdom was to bring our tempers down to our circumstances, and to make a
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calm within under the weight of the greatest storms. Without when he came first
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hither, he said, he used to tear the hair from his head and
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the clothes from his back, as others had done before him. But a
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little time and consideration had made him look into himself as well as round him
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to things. Without that he found the mind of man, if it was
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but once brought to reflect upon the state of universal life, and how little
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this world was concerned in its true felicity, was perfectly capable of making a
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felicity for itself, fully satisfying to itself, and suitable to its best ends
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and desires, with but very little assistance from the world. That being now
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deprived of all the fancied felicity which he enjoyed in the full exercise of worldly
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pleasures, he said he was at leisure to look upon the dark side of
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them, where he found all manner of deformity, and was now convinced that
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virtue only makes a man truly wise, rich and great, and preserves him
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in the way to a superior happiness in a future state. And in this
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he said, they were more happy in their banishment than all their enemies were,
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who had the full possession of all the wealth and power they had left
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behind them. Nor, sir, says he, do I bring my mind
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to this politically from the necessity of my circumstances, which some call miserable.
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But if I know anything of myself, I would not now go back,
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though thus are my master should call me and reinstate me in all my former
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grandeur. He spoke this with so much warmth in his temper, so much
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earnestness and motion of his spirits, that it was evident was the true sense
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of his soul. There was no room to doubt his sincerity. I told
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him, I once thought myself a kind of monarch in my old station,
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of which I had given him an account, But that I thought he was
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not only a monarch, but a great conqueror, for he that had got
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a victory over his own exorbitant desires, and the absolute dominion over himself.
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He whose reason entirely governs his will, is certainly greater than he that conquers
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a city. I had been here eight months and a dark, dreadful winter.
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I thought it, the cold so intense that I could not so much
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as look abroad without being wrapped in furs, and a kind of mask of
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fur before my face, with only a hole for breath and two for sight.
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The little daylight we had was for three months not above five hours a
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day, and six at most, only that, the snow lying on the
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ground continually, and the weather being clear, it was never quite dark.
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Our horses were kept, or rather starved, under ground. And as for
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or our servants, whom we hired here to look after ourselves and horses,
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we had every now and then their fingers and toes to thaw and take care
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of, lest they should mortify and fall off. It is true within doors
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we were warm, the houses being closed, the walls thick, the windows
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small, and the glass all double. Our food was chiefly the flesh of
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deer, dried and cured in the season. Bread good enough, but baked
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as biscuits, dried fish of several sorts, and some flesh of mutton and
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of buffaloes, which is pretty good meat. All the stores of provisions for
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the winter are laid up in the summer and well cured. Our drink was
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water mixed with aquavitai instead of brandy, and for a treat meat instead of
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wine, which, however, they have very good. The hunters who venture
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abroad all weathers frequently brought us in fine venison, and sometimes bear's flesh,
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but we did not much care for the last. We had a good stock
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of tea with which we treated our fe friends, and we lived cheerfully and
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well, all things considered. It was now March, the days grown considerably
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longer, and the weather at least tolerable, so the other travelers began to
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prepare sledges to carry them over the snow, and to get things ready to
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be going. But my measures, being fixed, as I have said,
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for archangel and not for Muscovy or the Baltic, I made no motion,
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knowing very well that the ships from the south do not set out for that
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part of the world till May or June, and that if I was there
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by the beginning of August, it would be as soon as any ships would
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be ready to sail. Therefore I made no haste to be gone as others
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did. In a word, I saw a great many people, nay,
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all the travelers, go away before me. It seems every year they go
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from Thence to Muscovy for trade, to carry furs and buy necessaries, which
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they bring back with them to furnish their shops. Also, others went on
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the same errand to archangel in the month of May. I began to make
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all ready to pack up. And as I was doing this, it occurred
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to me that, seeing all these people were banished by the Tsar to Siberia,
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and yet when they came there were left at liberty to go whither they
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would. Why they did not then go away to any part of the world
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wherever they thought fit? And I began to examine what should hinder them from
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making such an attempt. But my wonder was over when I entered upon that
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subject with the person I have mentioned, who answered me. Thus, consider,
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first, sir, said he the place where we are, and secondly
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the condition we are in, and especially the generality of the people who are
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banished. Thither we are surrounded with stronger things than bars, or bolts on
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the north side an unnavigable ocean, where ship never sailed and boat never swam.
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Every other way we have above a thousand miles to pass through the Tsar's
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own dominion, and by ways utterly impassable except by the roads made by the
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government, and through the towns garrisoned by his troops in shore. But we
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could neither pass undiscovered by the road, nor subsist any other way, so
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that it is in vain to attempt it. I was silenced at once and
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found that they were in a prison every jot as secure as if they had
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been locked up in the castle at Moscow. However, it came into my
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thoughts that I might certainly be made an instrument to procure the escape of this
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excellent person, and that whatever hazard I ran, I would certainly try if
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I could carry him off. Upon this, I took an occasion one evening
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to tell him my thoughts. I represented to him that it was very easy
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for me to carry him away, there being no guard over him in the
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country, and as I was not going to Moscow but to our Angel,
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and that I went in the retinue of a caravan by which I was not
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obliged to lie in the stationary towns in the desert, but could encamp every
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night where I would we might easily pass uninterrupted to arch Angel, where I
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would immediately secure him on board an English ship and carry him safe along with
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me. And as to his subsistence and other particulars, it should be my
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care till he could better supply himself. He heard me very attentively, and
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looked earnestly on me all the while I spoke. Nay, I could see
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in his very face that what I said put his spirits into an exceeding ferment.
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His color frequently changed, his eyes looked red, and his heart fluttered
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till it might be even perceived in his countenance. Nor could he immediately answer
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me when I had done, and as it were, hesitated what he would
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say to it. But after he had paused a little, he embraced me
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and said, how unhappy we are, unguarded creatures as we are, that
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even our greatest acts of friendship are made snares unto us, and we are
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made tempters of one another. He then heartily thanked me for my offers of
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service, but withstood resolutely the arguments I used to urge him to set himself
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free. He declared in earnest terms that he was fully bent on remaining where
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he was, rather than seek to return to his former miserable greatness, as
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he called it, where the seeds of pride, ambition, avarice, and
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luxury might revive, take root, and again overwhelm him. Let me remain,
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dear sir, he said, in conclusion, Let me remain in this
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blessed confinement, banished from the crimes of life, rather than purchase a show
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of freedom at the expense of the liberty of my reason and at the future
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happiness which I now have in my view. But should then I fear quickly
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lose sight of For I am but flesh, a man, a mere man,
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and have passions and affections as likely to possess and overthrow me as any
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man. Oh be not my friend and tempter her both together. If I
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was surprised before, I was quite dumb now, and stood silent looking at
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him, and indeed admiring what I saw. The struggle in his soul was
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so great that, though the weather was extremely cold, it put him into
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a most violent heat. So I said a word or two that I would
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leave him to consider of it and wait on him again. And then I
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withdrew to my own apartment. About two hours after, I heard somebody at
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or near the door of my room, and I was going to open the
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door, but he had opened it and come in. My dear friend,
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says he. You had almost overset me, But I am recovered. Do
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not take it ill that I do not close with your offer. I assure
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you it is not for want of sense of the kindness of it in you,
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and I came to make the most sincere acknowledgment of it to you.
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But I hope I have got the victory over myself. My Lord, said
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I. I hope you are fully satisfied that you do not resist the call
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of heaven. Sir said he. If it had been from heaven, the
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same power would have influenced me to have accepted it. But I hope and
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am fully satisfied that it is from Heaven that I decline it. And I
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have infinite satisfaction in the parting that you shall leave me an honest man.
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Still, though not a freeman, I had nothing to do but to acquiesce
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and make professions to him of my having no end in it. But a
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sincere desire to serve him. He embraced me very passionately and assured me he
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was sensible of that and should always acknowledge it. And with that he offered
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me a very fine present of sables, too much indeed for me to accept
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from a man in his circumstances, and I would have avoided them, but
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he would not be refused. The next morning I sent my servant to his
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lordship with a small present of tea and two pieces of China damask, and
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four little wedges of japan gold, which did not all weigh above six ounces
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or thereabouts, but were far short of the value of his sables, which
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when I came to England I found worth near two hundred pounds. He accepted
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the tea and one piece of the damask, and one of the pieces of
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gold, which had a fine stamp upon it. Of the Japanese coinage,
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which I found he took for the rarity of it, but would not take
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any more, and he sent word by my servant that he desired to speak
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with me. When I came to him, he told me I knew what
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had passed between us, and hoped I would not move him any more.
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In that affair, but that since I had made such a generous offer to
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him, he asked me if I had kindness enough to share the same to
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another person, that he would name to me in whom he had a great
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share of concern. In a word, he told me it was his only
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son, who, though I had not seen him, was in the same
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condition with himself, and above two hundred miles from him on the other side
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of the Obie, but that if I consented, he would send for him.
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I made no hesitation, but told him I would do it. I
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made some ceremony in letting him understand that it was wholly on his account,
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and that, seeing I could not prevail on him, I would show my
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respect to him by my concern for his son. He sent the next day
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for his son, and in about twenty days he came back with the messenger,
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bringing six or seven horses loaded with very rich furs, which in the
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whole amounted to a very great value. His servants brought the horses into the
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town, but left the young lord at a distance till night, when he
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came incognito into our apartment, and his father presented him to me, and
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in short we concerted the manner of our traveling, and everything proper for the
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journey. I had bought a considerable quantity of sables, black fox skins,
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fine ermines, and such other furs as are very rich in that city,
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in exchange for some of the goods I had brought from China, in particular
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for the clothes and nutmegs, of which I sold the greatest part here and
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the rest afterwards at Archangel, for a much better price than I could have
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got at London. And my partner, who was sensible of the prophet,
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and whose business, more particularly than mine was merchandise, was mightily pleased with
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our stay. On account of the traffic we made here. It was the
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beginning of June when I left this remote place. We were now reduced to
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a very small caravan, having only thirty two horses and camels in all,
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which passed for mine, though my new guest was proprietor of eleven of them.
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It was natural also that I should take more servants with me than I
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had before, And the young Lord passed for my steward, what great man
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I passed for myself, I know not. Neither did it concern me to
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inquire we had here the worst and the largest desert to pass over that we
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met with in our whole journey. I call it the worst because the way
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was very deep in some places and very uneven in others. The best we
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had to say for it was that we thought we had no troops of tartars
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or robbers to fear, as they never came on this side of the river
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Obie, or at least very seldom. But we found it otherwise. My
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young lord had a faithful Siberian servant who was perfectly acquainted with the country and
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led us by private roads, so that we avoided coming into the principal towns
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and soars cities upon the Great Road, such as two men Soloy Kamaskoy and
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several others, because the Muscovite garrisons which are kept there are very curious and
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strict in their observation upon travelers and searching lest any of the banished persons of
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notes should make their escape that way into Muscovy. But by this means we
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were kept out of the cities, so our whole journey was a desert,
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and we were obliged to encamp and lie in our tents when we might have
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had a very good accommodation in the cities on the way. This the young
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Lord was sensible of that. He would not allow us to lie abroad when
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we came to several cities on the way, but lay abroad himself with his
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servant in the woods, and met us always at the appointed places. We
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had just entered Europe, having passed the River Kama, which in these parts
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is the boundary between Europe and Asia, and the first city on the European
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side was called Soloy Kamaskoy, that is, the great city on the River
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Kama. And here we thought to see some evident alteration in the people,
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but we were mistaken, for as we had a vast desert to pass,
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which is near seven hundred miles long in some places, but not above two
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hundred miles over where we passed it. So till we came past that horrible
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place we found very little difference between that country and Mogul Tartary. The people
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are mostly Pagans, their houses and towns full of idols, and their way
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of living holy barbarous, except in those cities and villages near them, where
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they are Christians, as they call themselves of the Greek Church, but have
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their religion, mingled with so many relics of superstition, that it is scarce
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to be known in some places from mere sorcery and witchcraft. In passing this
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forest, after all our dangers were, to our imagination escaped, I thought,
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indeed, we must have been plundered and robbed, and perhaps murdered by
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a troop of thieves. Of What country they were, I am yet at
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a loss to know. But they were all on horseback, ried bows and
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arrows, and were at first about forty five in number. They came so
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near to us as to be within two musket shot, and asking no questions,
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surrounded us with their horses and looked very earnestly upon us twice. At
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length they placed themselves just in our way, upon which we drew up into
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a little line before our camels. Being not above sixteen men in all thus
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drawn up, we halted and sent out the Siberian servant, who attended his
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lord to see who they were. His master was the more willing to let
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him go, because he was not a little apprehensive that they were a Siberian
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troop. Sent out after him. The man came up near them with a
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flag of truce, and called to them, but though he spoke several of
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their languages, or dialects of languages, rather he could not understand a word
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they said. However, after some signs to him not to come near them
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at his peril, the fellow came back no wiser than he went, only
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that by their dress, he said, he believed them to be some Tartars
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of Kalmuk or of the Circassian hordes, and that there must be more of
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them upon the great desert, though he never heard that any of them were
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seen so far north before. This was small comfort to us, however,
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we had no remedy. There was on our left hand, at about a
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quarter of a mile distance a little grove and very near the road. I
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immediately resolved we should advance to those trees and fortify ourselves as well as we
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could there. For first I considered that the trees would in a great measure
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cover us from their arrows, and in the next place they could not come
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to charge us in a body. It was indeed my old Portuguese pilot who
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proposed it, and who had this excellency attending him, that he was always
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readiest and most apt to direct and encourage us in cases of the most danger.
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We advanced immediately with what speed we could, and gained that little wood.
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The tartars or thieves, for we knew not what to call them,
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keeping their stand and not attempting to hinder us. When we came thither,
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we found to our great satisfaction that it was a swampy piece of ground,
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and on the one side of a very great spring of water, which,
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running out in a little brook, was a little farther joined by another of
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the like size, and was, in short the source of a considerable river,
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called afterwards the Virtzka. The trees which grew about this spring were not
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above two hundred but very large and stood pretty thick, so that as soon
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as we got in we saw ourselves perfectly safe from the enemy, unless they
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attacked us on foot. While we stayed here waiting the motion of the enemy
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some hours without perceiving that they made any movement, our Portuguese, with some
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help, cut several arms of trees half off and laid them hanging across from
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one tree to another, and in a manner fenced us in. About two
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hours before night, they came down directly upon us, and though we had
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not perceived it, we found they had been joined by some more, so
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that they were near four score horse, whereof however, we fancied some were
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women. They came on till they were within half shot of our little wood,
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when we fired one musket without ball, and called to them in the
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Russian tongue to know what they wanted, and bade them keep off. But
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they came on with a double fury up to the wood side, not imagining
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we were so barricaded that they could not easily break in. Our old pilot
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was our captain as well as our engineer, and desired us not to fire
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upon them till they came within pistol shot, that we might be sure to
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kill, and that when we did fire, we should be sure to take
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good aim. We bade him give the word of command, which he delayed
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so long that they were some of them within two pike's length of us.
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When we let fly. We aimed so true that we killed fourteen of them,
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and wounded several others, as also several of their horses, for we
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had all of us loaded our pieces with two or three bullets apiece. At
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least. They were terribly surprised with our fire and retreated immediately about one hundred
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rods from us, in which time we loaded our pieces again, and seeing
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them keep that distance, we sallied out and caught four or five of their
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horses, whose riders we supposed were killed, and coming up to the dead,
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we judged they were tartars, but knew not how they came to make
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an excursion such an unusual length. About an hour after they again made a
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motion to attack us, and rode round our little wood to see where they
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might break in, but finding us always ready to face them, they went
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off again, and we resolved not to stir For that night. We slept
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little, but spent the most part of the night in strengthening our situation and
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barricading the entrances into the wood, and keeping a strict watch. We waited
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for daylight, and when it came, it gave us a very unwelcome discovery.
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Indeed, for the enemy, who we thought were discouraged with the reception
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they met with, were now greatly increased and had set up eleven or twelve
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huts or tents, as if they were resolved to besiege us and this little
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camp they had pitched upon the open plain about three quarters of a mile from
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us. I confess I now gave myself over for lost and all that I
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had. The loss of my effects did not lie so near me, though
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very considerable, as the thoughts of falling into the hands of such barbarians at
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the latter end of my journey, after so many difficulties and hazards as I
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had gone through, and even in sight of our port where we expected safety
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and deliverance. As to my partner, he was raging and declared that to
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lose his goods would be his ruin, and that he would rather die than
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be starved. And he was for fighting to the last drop. The young
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lord, a most gallant youth, was for fighting to the last also,
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and my old pilot was of opinion that we were able to resist them all
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in the situation we were then in. Thus we spent the day in debates
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of what we should do. But towards evening we found that the number of
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our enemies still increased, And he did not know but by the morning they
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might still be a greater number. So I began to inquire of those people
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we had brought from Toubolski, if there were no private ways by which we
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might avoid them in the night, and perhaps retreat to some town, or
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get help to guard us over the desert. The young lord's Siberian servant told
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us, if we designed to avoid them and not fight, he would engage
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to carry us off in the night to a way that went north toward the
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river Petruz, by which he made no question, but we might get away
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and the Tartars never discover it. But he said his lord had told him
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he would not retreat, but would rather choose to fight. I told him
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he mistook his lord for that he was too wise a man to love fighting
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for the sake of it. That I knew he was brave enough by what
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he had showed already, but that he knew better than to desire seventeen or
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eighteen men to fight five hundred unless an unavoidable necessity forced them to it,
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And that if he thought it possible for us to escape in the night,
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we had nothing else to do but to attempt it. He answered, if
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his lordship gave him such orders, he would lose his life if he did
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not perform it. We soon brought his lord to give that order, though
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privately, and we immediately prepared for putting it in practice, and first as
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soon as it began to be dark. We kindled a fire in our little
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camp, which we kept burning and prepared so as to make it burn all
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night, that the Tartars might conclude we were still there, but as soon
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as it was dark and we could see the stars, for our guide would
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not stir. Before having all our horses and camels ready loaded, we followed
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our new guide, who I soon found steered himself by the north star,
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the country being level for a long way. After we had traveled two hours
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very hard, it began to be lighter still, not that it was dark
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all night, but the moon began to rise, so that, in short,
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it was rather lighter than we wished it to be. But by six
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o'clock the next morning we had got above thirty miles, having almost spoiled our
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horses. Here, we found a Russian village named Kmazinskoy, where we rested
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and heard nothing of the Kalmuk Tartars that day. About two hours before night,
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we set out again and traveled till eight the next morning, though not
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quite so hard as before, And about seven o'clock we passed a little river
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called Kurtza and came to a good large town inhabited by Russians called Ozomis.
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There we heard that several troops of Kalmuks had been abroad upon the desert,
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but that we were now completely out of danger of them, which was to
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our great satisfaction. Here we were obliged to get some fresh horses, and,
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having need enough of rest, we stayed five days, and my partner
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and I agreed to give the honest Siberian who conducted us thither the value of
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ten pistoles. In five days more, we came to Vyussima, upon the
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river Vizogda, and running into the Dvina. We were there very happily near
25:56
the end of our travels by land, that river being navig in seven days
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passage to Archangel. From hence we came to Lavrymskoy the third of July,
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and, providing ourselves with two luggage boats and a barge for our own convenience,
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we embarked the seventh and arrived all safe at Archangel the eighteenth, having
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been a year, five months and three days on the journey, including our
26:19
stay of about eight months at Tubolski. We were obliged to stay at this
26:25
place six weeks for the arrival of the ships, and must have tarried longer,
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had not a Hamburger come in above a month sooner than any of the
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English ships. When, after some consideration that the city of Hamburg might happen
26:37
to be as good a market for our goods as London, we all took
26:41
freight with him, and having put our goods on board, it was most
26:45
natural for me to put my steward on board to take care of them,
26:48
by which means my young lord had a sufficient opportunity to conceal himself, never
26:53
coming on shore again all the time we stayed there, And this he did
26:57
that he might not be seen in the city, where some of the Moscow
27:02
merchants would certainly have seen and discovered him. We then set sail from Archangel
27:07
the twentieth of August the same year, and after no extraordinary bad voyage,
27:12
arrived safe in the Elba the eighteenth of September. Here my partner and I
27:17
found a very good sale for our goods, as well those of China,
27:21
as the sables et cetera of Siberia, and dividing the produce, my share
27:26
amounted to three thousand, four hundred seventy five pounds seventeen shillings three pence,
27:32
including about six hundred pounds worth of diamonds, which I purchased at Bengal.
27:37
Here the young Lord took his leave of us and went up the Elba in
27:41
order to go to the court of Vienna, where he resolved to seek protection
27:45
and could correspond with those of his father's friends who were left alive. He
27:48
did not part without testimonials of gratitude for the service I had done him,
27:53
and for my kindness to the Prince his father. Two conclude. Having stayed
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near four months in Hamburg, I came from thence by Land to the Hague,
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where I embarked in the packet, and arrived in London the tenth of
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January seventeen o five, having been absent from England ten years and nine months,
28:14
and here resolving to harass myself no more. I am preparing for a
28:18
longer journey than all these, having lived seventy two years a life of infinite
28:23
variety, and learned sufficiently to know the value of retirement and the blessing of
28:29
ending our days in peace. End of Chapter sixteen. End of the Further
28:34
Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe