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Before Portugal aftermidnight · Fjaftermidnight

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Speaker 1: M H. Welcome to f to after him that night. Tonight,
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Speaker 1: we're opening the pages of remarkable story books, one told
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Speaker 1: not only through his story books, but also through vivid
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Speaker 1: comic illustrations that bring heroes, explorers, king queens, and everyday
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Speaker 1: people to life. Imagine standing on the western edge of Europe.
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Speaker 1: Before you stretches the vast Atlantic Ocean behind uly mountains,
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Speaker 1: fertile valleys, ancient forests and rivers that have shaped civilization
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Speaker 1: for thousands of years. This is Portugal. Today. Portugal is
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Speaker 1: known for beautiful coastlines, historic cities, delicious cuisines, and legendary explorers.
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Speaker 1: But long before it became an independent kingdom, this land
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Speaker 1: witnessed the rise and fall of empires. Let's travel more
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Speaker 1: than two thousand, five hundred years Chapter one. Before there
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Speaker 1: was Portugal, Before the name Portugal existed, the Iberian's Pencil
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Speaker 1: was home to many different people along The earliest inhabitats
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Speaker 1: were Celtic trees tribes along with Iberian communities that have
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Speaker 1: lived in the region for centuries. They built hilltop settlements,
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Speaker 1: formed the land, hunted while animals, and traded with neighboring cultures.
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Speaker 1: Comic artists often portray these ancient communities wearing colorful moving clothing,
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Speaker 1: carrying rosen swords, and living inside for like villages surrounded
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Speaker 1: by stone walls. Life wasn't easy. The people, depending on
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Speaker 1: the season, respectful nature and defended their homes against rival tribes,
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Speaker 1: even without written historic of their own. Orthrologists have uncovered
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Speaker 1: impressive artifacts that reveal a thrillity culture. The Romans arrived,
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Speaker 1: everything changed In the Second Tree BC, the mighty Roman
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Speaker 1: Republic expanded westward. During its conquered of the Iberian pencil.
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Speaker 1: Roman soldiers marched across the landscape carrying rectanglar shields, gleaming
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Speaker 1: armor in discipline military format formation that have become iconic
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Speaker 1: in both history books and comic illustrations. For generations, fierce
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Speaker 1: residents slowed Romans advanced. Eventually, however, Roman gained control the
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Speaker 1: regions that would later become Portugal became part of the
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Speaker 1: Roman provided of Lastanian. The capital was in Mary Augusta
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Speaker 1: today known as Merida and neighboring Spain. Roman engineers transferred
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Speaker 1: the land roads, connected town briggers, crossed rivers out of ducks,
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Speaker 1: carried fresh water, temple rows above busy market places. Many
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Speaker 1: cosmic aditations show busting Roman cities filled with morchms, blacksmiths, gladiators, scrollers,
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Speaker 1: and traveler Speaking Latin. The Roman legacy would shape Portuguese
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Speaker 1: culture for centuries. Many Portuguese would today trace their roots
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Speaker 1: back to Latin. Every Day life under Rome. Imagine opening
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Speaker 1: another page of or comic. A young Roman messenger rides
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Speaker 1: horseback along a careful paved road. Nearby, farmers harvest olives
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Speaker 1: and grapes. Children chase each other through stone streets. A
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Speaker 1: mor unloaded pottery from a ship arriving at a coastal porch.
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Speaker 1: Roman civilization brought engineer law, architects, and new system of government. Yes,
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Speaker 1: life is not peaceful everywhere. Frontier conflicts continued, Texas weighed
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Speaker 1: heavenly on many communities, and military surfaces remained a constant reality. Still,
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Speaker 1: Lusitania became one of Roman's most prosperity in Western provinceants
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Speaker 1: the fall of Rome, no empire lasts forever. By the
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Speaker 1: fourth and fifth century CEO, the Roman Empire began to weaken.
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Speaker 1: Political struggles, economic troubles, and invasion for Germic tribes slowly
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Speaker 1: broke Roman authority apart. Comic artists often illustrate this era,
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Speaker 1: with crumbling walls, abandoned villages, and wary citizens wondering what
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Speaker 1: would come next. Among the groups arriving were the Subi
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Speaker 1: and later the Visigoths. These kingdoms inherited much of Roman
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Speaker 1: culture while establishing their own rules. Christianity spread across the region,
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Speaker 1: becoming a powerful influence that would remain to Portuguese identity
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Speaker 1: for generations. A new power from the south. The year
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Speaker 1: was seven to eleven across the Strait of Caribou. Muslim
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Speaker 1: armies across into the Iberian Pensila. With only a few years,
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Speaker 1: much of Pensila came under Isomatic rule. Norwegian experienced dramatic cultures, transformation, magnifaction,
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Speaker 1: artitacts appeared, advance irrigation, improved agriculture, librarious, flourished mathematics, astronomy, medicine,
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Speaker 1: and philosophy. Advanced Comic artists frequently depict dazzling cities filled
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Speaker 1: with colorful markets, elegant orches, intricate mosaics, and scholars study
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Speaker 1: beneath latter light. This wasn't simple an age of conquest.
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Speaker 1: It was also appeared of culture exchanged. Muslims and Christians
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Speaker 1: and jew Jewish communities often lived alongside one another, though
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Speaker 1: their relationship vary over time, and places knowledged flowed between civilization,
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Speaker 1: trade expanded, innovation flourished the County of portrait Kale, in
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Speaker 1: the northern part of Pence. You know. Christian kingdoms gradually
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Speaker 1: expanded southward during the long period. Historians called the RecA
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Speaker 1: sikuas One frontine region became known as the County of Portugcale.
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Speaker 1: Its name came from the settlement today cities of Porto.
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Speaker 1: Few people realized that this small county would one day
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Speaker 1: become an independent kingdom. Comment artists often portray this frontier
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Speaker 1: as rugged and dangerous. Stone castles guarded mountain passes, night
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Speaker 1: roads through dense forest. Villagers sought revenge behind fort and walls.
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Speaker 1: Whenever conflict approached, Every decision made by local leaders would
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Speaker 1: influence the future of an entire nation. A boy who
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Speaker 1: would change his Near the end of our fourth chapter,
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Speaker 1: another figure stepped onto the page, a young nobleman, determined ambition, fearless.
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Speaker 1: His name was Alfonso Hendrix. If you could imagine that
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Speaker 1: this young warrior would one day challenge powerful rivals and
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Speaker 1: owned a place in history as Portugal's force king, his
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Speaker 1: story would reshape the map of Europe forever. But that
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Speaker 1: adventure began in our next episode. Thank you for joining
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Speaker 1: us for part one of History, Portugal and Comics. Next
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Speaker 1: time we'll witness the rise of Alfonso Hendrix, the battle
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Speaker 1: that forged a kingdom, and the boorth or Portugal itself.
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Speaker 1: Until then, I'm your host, and this has been FJA
9:55
Speaker 1: after midnight. Good night, and we are going to probably resume. Yeah,
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Speaker 1: we are part two. Here we got time. Part two
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Speaker 1: the bourth of a Kingdom. Welcome back to FJ after midnight.
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Speaker 1: Last time we explored the ancient people of the Iberian Peninsula,
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Speaker 1: the Roman Empire, the visual and the rival a Muslim rule.
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Speaker 1: We ended with a young nobleman standing at the edge
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Speaker 1: of history. His name was Alfonso Henrik. Today we witness
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Speaker 1: how one determined leader helped transfer a frontier county into
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Speaker 1: an independent kingdom. Chapter one a divided frontier, The County
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Speaker 1: of portic Scale was part of the Christian Kingdom of Leon,
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Speaker 1: but and enjoyed a degree of local independence. Stint or
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Speaker 1: fare along the frontier demand strong leaderships. ALFONSI Henrik was
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Speaker 1: born around eleven o nine. His father, Count Henry of
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Speaker 1: Burgo Guy died while Alfonso was still a child. His mother, Teresa,
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Speaker 1: ruled the county, but political alliance soon created tension among
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Speaker 1: the local nobility. Comic artists often despite young Alfonso watching
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Speaker 1: knights trail and castle courtyards, dreaming of one day leading
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Speaker 1: armies of his own. Chapter two, The Battle of sayah Mamada.
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Speaker 1: The turning point came in eleven twenty eight, near the
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Speaker 1: town of Gamassa, Alfonso challenged a forced loyal to his
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Speaker 1: mother fashioned in what became known as the Battle of
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Speaker 1: sayah Mabaya. The battle was more than a family dispute.
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Speaker 1: It was a struggle over who would lead the future
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Speaker 1: of Portois Kale both Kale imagine this skill as a
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Speaker 1: full page comic illustration. Armor knights lower their alliance's soldiers race,
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Speaker 1: their shield bannered, whipped in the wind. As the fighter ends,
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Speaker 1: Afonso Amorge victorious. Many historians considered this battle the symbolic
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Speaker 1: beginning of portugal path toward independence. Chapter three, dreaming of independence.
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Speaker 1: Victoria of saiah Mamaya did not instantly create a new kingdom.
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Speaker 1: Alfonso still owned allegiance to the King of Leon, but
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Speaker 1: he had a larger ambition. He strengthened castle, He gathered
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Speaker 1: loyal nobles. He expanded his influnce through the regions. Every
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Speaker 1: victory brought him closer to his dream of an independent Portugal.
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Speaker 1: Chapter four, The Battle of our Arike, one of the
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Speaker 1: most famous and most legendary moments in Portugal history, came
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Speaker 1: in eleven thirty nine. According to traditional Alfonso led his
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Speaker 1: forces against a much larger Muslim army near Arik. Legends
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Speaker 1: tell us of divine inspiration before the battle, though historians
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Speaker 1: continue to debate exactly what happened. Whatever the details, the
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Speaker 1: victory became a defiant moment. Comic books often portray the
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Speaker 1: battlefield beneath dramatic skies, with knight charging forward as manners
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Speaker 1: being the cross fly overhead. After the victory, Offonso was
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Speaker 1: acclaimed by many of his followers as king, whether proclaiming
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Speaker 1: immediately or recognizing over time, this event became central to
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Speaker 1: Portugal's national story, so chapter five a kingdom recognized. Declaring
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Speaker 1: yourself king is one king thing, Convincing everyone else is another.
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Speaker 1: For years of Fonso worked through warkfare, diplomacy, and neggation
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Speaker 1: to secure recondition. In eleven forty three, the Treaty of
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Speaker 1: the Morrow marked an important step toward acknowledged Portugal independence,
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Speaker 1: later recognized by the Pathts, strengthen Portugal's placed among along
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Speaker 1: the kingdom of medieval Europe. This diplomatic success was just
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Speaker 1: as important as victory on the battlefield. Chapter six. Building
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Speaker 1: a nation a kingdom required more than armies, if needed, laws, churches, markets, roads, castles,
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Speaker 1: farmers cultivating fortier valleys, while merchant trade along rivers and
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Speaker 1: coastal ports. Stone fortresses protect growing towns. Comic artists often
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Speaker 1: illustrated medieval Portugal as a vibrant kingdom were blacksmith forges,
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Speaker 1: swords and monk copy manuscript children played in narrow streets,
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Speaker 1: and craftsmen built magnificent churches. Slowly, Portugal developed its own identity.
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Speaker 1: Chapter seven Gamaris, the Cradle of Portugal. One city became
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Speaker 1: forever linked to the nation's beginning. Gamary's its medieval streets,
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Speaker 1: towering castles, and historic palace symbols the bard the Portuguese kingdom.
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Speaker 1: Many visitors today still refer to it as the boirthplace
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Speaker 1: of Portugal. Pitch picture a comic book splash page a
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Speaker 1: castle rise above the town, flagged wade broadly. Villagers celebrate
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Speaker 1: as a new kingdom began to take shape. Looking ahead,
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Speaker 1: Portugal was now independent, but its greatest adventures still lay ahead.
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Speaker 1: Future generations would continue expanding southward. Shipbuilders would develop vessel
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Speaker 1: caple of crossing vest oceans. Yours would sail beyond the
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Speaker 1: edge of the known world. The small kingdom of europe
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Speaker 1: Western coast would become one of the history and greatest
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Speaker 1: marine time powers. But before that could happen, Portugal had
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Speaker 1: to strengthen its through generation of kings, queens, soldiers, scholars
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Speaker 1: and ordinary people. Those stories await us In the next chapter,
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Speaker 1: The Bard of Portugal reminds us that nation are not
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Speaker 1: created overnight. They emerge through courage, difficult chooses, prosperit diplomats,
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Speaker 1: and the determination of people who believed in share future,
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Speaker 1: whether through historic records or break to life and the
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Speaker 1: colorful panels of a comic book. The story a partural
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Speaker 1: founding continues to inspire readers around the world. Thank you
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Speaker 1: for joining us for Part two, The History of Portugal
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Speaker 1: in comics. In Part three, Willock's Bordindieval Portugal, It's castles,
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Speaker 1: royal courts, the continuing of we conquest and the foundation
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Speaker 1: that prepared the young kingdom for the extraordinary age of discovery.
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Speaker 1: Until next time. I'm your host, and this has been
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Speaker 1: FJA after Midnight. Good Night, Part three. We're continuing here, guys,
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Speaker 1: so hope you don't go anywhere anyway. Part three Castles,
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Speaker 1: Kings and the Road to Discovery. Welcome back to FJA
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Speaker 1: after Midnight. In our last episode, we witnessed the barf
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Speaker 1: of Portugal under King Alfonso Henrik. A new kingdom had
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Speaker 1: a morge on the western edge of Europe, but surviving
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Speaker 1: as an independent nation would require generation of determination. Tonight
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Speaker 1: will explore the medieval world a Portugal, a land of
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Speaker 1: towering castles, growing cities, rural courts, and brave men and
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Speaker 1: women who helped shape the country's future. Chapter one, A
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Speaker 1: Kingdom takes roots. The newly formed kingdom on Portugal faces
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Speaker 1: constantly challenges it borders were still changing. Neighboring kingdom was
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Speaker 1: watched carefully. To the south, Muslim ruled territories remained under
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Speaker 1: the country of al Adoles. Every generation inherits the responsibility
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Speaker 1: of defending and strengthening the kingdom. Comic artists often showed
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Speaker 1: this area with dramatic hilltop castles, overlooking green valley stones,
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Speaker 1: wall stretching across the landscape, and watchtowers guarding important roads.
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Speaker 1: These castles were more than military strongholds. They became centers
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Speaker 1: of government, trade, and a life inside the wall lived knights, merchants, farmers, priests,
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Speaker 1: blacksmith Baker's children growing up in a changing world. Chapter two,
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Speaker 1: Life inside a medieval castle. Imagine stepping inside of one
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Speaker 1: of Perchall's great castles. Heavenly wooden gate swing open. The
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Speaker 1: smell of bread drips from the kitchen. Armor clings as
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Speaker 1: guards pathed through the walls. In the courtyard, horses are
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Speaker 1: brushed while craftsmen reprayer tools and weapons. Speaking of horses,
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Speaker 1: I know this isn't in my script, but my aunt
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Speaker 1: has horses anyway, or she did. She doesn't have horses
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Speaker 1: anymore anyway, Continuing with the story, Comic books often captured
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Speaker 1: these everyday moments, not just famous battles, but the lives
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Speaker 1: of ordinary people. Women manage household business and estates. Farmers
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Speaker 1: harvest wheat, olives and grapes. Monks copied manuscripts by hand,
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Speaker 1: preserving knowledge for future generations. Marko buzzled with trade, selling cloth, spices,
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Speaker 1: pottery and fresh produce. The kingdom was slowly becoming more prosperous.
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Speaker 1: Chapter three. Expanding southward for centuries, Portugal continue expanding into
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Speaker 1: territories controlled by Muslim rulers. This long process formed part
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Speaker 1: of the ricon Gista, a period during which several Christian
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Speaker 1: kingdoms gradually gained control of much of the Iberian peninsula.
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Speaker 1: Each victory brought new farmland, towns and opportunities has also
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Speaker 1: brought new neighbors and new cultural influences. Architecture styles mixed together,
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Speaker 1: agriculture technology spread from one community to another. Wards from
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Speaker 1: Arabic entered the Portugal language. Comic artists frequent portrayed this
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Speaker 1: paiered with color. Cities marked where people from different backgrounds
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Speaker 1: exchange goods and ideas. History is rarely simple, even during
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Speaker 1: times of conflict. Culture influenced one another in lasting ways.
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Speaker 1: Chapter four, Building great cities. Portugal Towns continue to grow.
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Speaker 1: Stone Church reached toward the sky. Harvard welcome fishing boats
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Speaker 1: and merchant ships. New roads connected villages to large cities.
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Speaker 1: Lisbon captured by Christian forests in eleven forty seven. With
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Speaker 1: the cystsm of Northern Europe, Crusaders gradually became one of
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Speaker 1: Portugal's most important centers of trade and government. The city
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Speaker 1: overlooked the broad Tangus River, offering direct asset to the
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Speaker 1: Atlantic Ocean. Comic illustrations options show Lisbon alive, with colorful sales,
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Speaker 1: bustly docks, musicians and merchants speaking many different languages. The
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Speaker 1: sea was becoming central to portugal identity. Chapter five. A
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Speaker 1: nation torn toward the Ocean. Unlike many European kingdoms, Portugal
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Speaker 1: had a long Atlantic coastline. The ocean was both a
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Speaker 1: challenge and an opportunity. Fishermen become skilled sailors, shipbuilders refine
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Speaker 1: their craft, Captains lorned to navigate changing winds and unpredictable currents.
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Speaker 1: Generation after generation gained experience at sea, without realizing its
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Speaker 1: Portugal was preparing for an age that would transform world history.
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Speaker 1: Every voyage along the coast became another lesson. Every ship
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Speaker 1: launched into the Atlantic expanded knowledge of the sea. Comic
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Speaker 1: artists loved despiting these early vessels, battling toward waves beneath
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Speaker 1: dramatic skies. Chapter six. The House of Avis. The late
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Speaker 1: thirteen hundreds brought one of Portugal's greatest polypic Sessions crisis
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Speaker 1: when King Fordinine One died without a male here unshortenly
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Speaker 1: spread through the king throughout the kingdom. Some feared Portugal
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Speaker 1: would lose its independence. Instead, a new rlydionist the emorged
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Speaker 1: in the thoirteen eighty five. After the Battle of Ali Giberto,
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Speaker 1: the Force's supporter John force A, Portugal secured a deciphs
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Speaker 1: of victory. The triumph preserve Portugal independence and marked the
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Speaker 1: beginning of the House of As. Comic books often portray
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Speaker 1: this battle with detomed soldiers defending their homeland against overwhelming odds.
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Speaker 1: The victory became one of the defining moments in portraguese
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Speaker 1: History Chapter six. A Prince with a vision among the
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Speaker 1: children of King John One was a prince who would
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Speaker 1: become one of history's most famous patrons of explorers. His
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Speaker 1: name was Henry, then alligator You're gonna navigate me not
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Speaker 1: just kidding. Although he was not known primary for leading
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Speaker 1: long voyages himself, hecouraged navigations, supported Mellan time knowledged, and
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Speaker 1: helped sponsored expedition along the coast of Africa. His interests
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Speaker 1: in exploration inspired generations of sailors. Comic artists often illustrated
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Speaker 1: him studying maps, examining clothes, and speaking with captain preparing
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Speaker 1: for dangerous journeys. The age of castles was slowly giving
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Speaker 1: way to the age of ships. Closing thoughts history often
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Speaker 1: celebrate great battles and famous rulers. What portugal success rested
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Speaker 1: on countless ordinary people. The shipbuilders who perfect new perfected
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Speaker 1: new designs. The farmers have fed growing cities, the craftsmen
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Speaker 1: who built castles, the sailors who dared to vintage into
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Speaker 1: unfamiliar waters. Together they transferred into a small medieval kingdom
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Speaker 1: into a nation ready to explore the world. Sounds like
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Speaker 1: medieval times to me. The next chapter in portugal story
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Speaker 1: would carry its people far beyond Europe to distant shores,
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Speaker 1: new trade outs, and encounter with civilization across Africa, Asia,
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Speaker 1: and the American The age of discovery was about to
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Speaker 1: be Thank you for joining us for Part three of
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Speaker 1: the History of Portugal and comics. In Part four will
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Speaker 1: follow Prince Henry the Navigator in Portugal's remarkable voyage into
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Speaker 1: the Atlantic, discovery new routes that change global history forever
28:18
Speaker 1: until next time. I'm your host. And this has been
28:21
Speaker 1: after after midnight. Good night, But we are going to continue. Guys.
28:26
Speaker 1: Hope you guys didn't go anywhere anyway. Part four, The
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Speaker 1: Age of Discovery. Welcome back to after after Midnight. So
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Speaker 1: far we witness the fourth of Portugal, watching its castles
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Speaker 1: rising across the landscape and seeing a determined kingdom secure
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Speaker 1: its independence. Now our story leaves the safety of our shoreline.
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Speaker 1: Today Portugal steps into the unknown. This is the beginning
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Speaker 1: of the Age of the Discovery. Chapter one, Looking beyond
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Speaker 1: the horizon. In the early fourteen hundred, much of the
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Speaker 1: world beyond Europe remained unfamiliar to your PMS. Sailors knew
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Speaker 1: the Atlantic could be dangerous, storms, strong currents, and lived
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Speaker 1: navigation knowledge and made long distant warrior or risky. Yet
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Speaker 1: Portugal had an advantage its experienced sailor, skilled shipbuilders, and
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Speaker 1: Atlantic coastlines, and made expiration a natural ambition. At the
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Speaker 1: center of this new chapter stood Prince Henry the Navigator.
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Speaker 1: Rather than seeking fame through their conquests along, he encouraged
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Speaker 1: the gathering of knowledge. Weens shared observation about wind tied
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Speaker 1: coastlines and stars. Map became more accurate in each successful war,
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Speaker 1: added another piece to the puzzle of the world. Comic
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Speaker 1: artists often shown Prince Henry's standing over enormous maps, surrounded
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Speaker 1: by navigator's astronomers and sea captain's planning expeditions. Chapter two,
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Speaker 1: the Carol Every great eventure needs the right vehicle for Portugal.
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Speaker 1: That vessel was the Caraville, light, fast, and high manner.
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Speaker 1: The Carrollville could sail closer to the wind than many
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Speaker 1: early ships, as design made it well suited for exploring
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Speaker 1: unfilmilled coastlines and retorn safely across the Atlantic. Imagine a
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Speaker 1: two page comic spread. A sleek Portuguese caravel cuts through,
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Speaker 1: toring blue waves, its white sail below. In the wind,
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Speaker 1: crew member climb the ringing while the captain studies the horizon.
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Speaker 1: The ship became one of the symbols of Portuguese exploration.
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Speaker 1: Chapter three, Exploring the A f Fricking Coast, Portuguese expedition
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Speaker 1: gradually sail farther along the west coast of Africa. Rather
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Speaker 1: than making one enormous sleep, These voyages advanced step by step.
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Speaker 1: Each captain matpe River, each crew recorded a landmarks. Each
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Speaker 1: expeditionary torn with new information that featured sailors could build
31:39
Speaker 1: upon these voyagers, expanded European geneographic knowledge and open new
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Speaker 1: trade connections. They also make the beginning of system of
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Speaker 1: trade that includes the trafficking and enslavement of Africa people,
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Speaker 1: a tragic development with devasting human consequences that which shape
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Speaker 1: world history for centuries. History celebrates courage and innovation, but
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Speaker 1: it also requires us to acknowledge the suffering that accompany
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Speaker 1: many of these expeditions. Chapter four, Life at Sea. Life
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Speaker 1: aboard fifteen century ship depended endurance. The crew lived in
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Speaker 1: a craped quarter, freshwater had to be careful ration. Food
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Speaker 1: often considered of dried fish, salted meat, biscuits, and presorbed foods.
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Speaker 1: Storms could appear without warning, powerful waves battered wooden holes.
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Speaker 1: Comic illustrations often captured dramatic scene of sailor climbing rail
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Speaker 1: soap mask while lightning flashes across the sky. Despite the
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Speaker 1: hardshipships that these crews continued pushing farther than anyone before them.
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Speaker 1: The determination expanded the world's generic understanding. Chapter five, New knowledge.
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Speaker 1: Let's just kind of start that part of evelopment. Exploration
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Speaker 1: brought more than new routes. It encouraged advantages and navigations,
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Speaker 1: catagraphic showing, and shipbuilding. Captain relied on the state the
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Speaker 1: sun and increasingly accurate instruments to estimate their position. Mapsvolved
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Speaker 1: from rough sketches into increased details charters. Every successful expedition
33:48
Speaker 1: became another chapter in humanity Understanding of the Planet. Comic
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Speaker 1: books often portray this progress with colorful plan showing map
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Speaker 1: carefully drawing coastline eliminated by candle lights. Chapter six, Toward
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Speaker 1: the Edge of the Known World. By the late fourteen hundred,
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Speaker 1: Portuguese sailors had rounded much of africa western coast. The
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Speaker 1: dream was no longer simple exploration. The ghost was to
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Speaker 1: find a sea route connecting Europe with the rich market
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Speaker 1: of Asia. Spice, silk, precious stones, and other valuable goods
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Speaker 1: had long traveled over difficultly land routes. If a directed
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Speaker 1: sea route could be found, it would reshape global trade.
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Speaker 1: The stage was set for explorers whose name would become legendary.
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Speaker 1: Soon one captured would around the southern tip of Africa,
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Speaker 1: another would continue across the Indian Ocean. Comic artists often
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Speaker 1: in this chapter with a dramatic cl a loan ship
35:02
Speaker 1: sails towards a blazing sunset, a highs lies, mystery behind
35:08
Speaker 1: lies everything familiar. Closing thoughts. Portugal Age of Discovery changed
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Speaker 1: history if voyagers expanded generoically knowledge, connected distant parts of
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Speaker 1: the world and transfer comorns. At the same time, these
35:29
Speaker 1: journeys also contribute to colony expeditions in the Atlantic slave trade,
35:36
Speaker 1: leaving a legacy that includes both remarkable achievements and profound
35:43
Speaker 1: human sufferings. Understanding this area means recognizing both sides of
35:48
Speaker 1: its history. Like the pages of a thoughtful gravit novel,
35:53
Speaker 1: a history presents moments of triumph alongside moments that changes
35:58
Speaker 1: us to reflect as readers and as students of history,
36:03
Speaker 1: we gained the fullest picture when we consider both. Thank
36:08
Speaker 1: you for joining us for Part four of A History
36:11
Speaker 1: of Portugal and Comics. Next time we'll fall explorer such
36:15
Speaker 1: as pad Alamayo Dias and Basco da Gama as they
36:21
Speaker 1: around the southern tip of Africa and open a sea
36:25
Speaker 1: round Indian, one of the most significant voyages in world.
36:29
Speaker 1: Hickstorre Until next time. I'm your host, and this has
36:32
Speaker 1: been FG after midnight, good night, Part four, and I
36:38
Speaker 1: think we're going to end on part four or not four,
36:42
Speaker 1: Part five. I think we're going to end on part
36:44
Speaker 1: five here today because that will take us or this
36:49
Speaker 1: is going to be like a two part We're going
36:52
Speaker 1: to have another episode on this, so we're just going
36:54
Speaker 1: to do halfway through here. They're not halfway through, but
36:58
Speaker 1: this is our last chapter anyway. Part five. Across the Ocean,
37:03
Speaker 1: Portugal Global Empire. Welcome back to FG after midnight. In
37:09
Speaker 1: our last episode, Portugal stood at the threadsols of a
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Speaker 1: new age. Its sailor had ventured farther than even before,
37:19
Speaker 1: mapping coastlines and mastering the Atlantic. Now the greatest voyage
37:25
Speaker 1: were about to begin. These expeditions would connect content we
37:32
Speaker 1: shaped global trade and leave the legacy that is still
37:36
Speaker 1: felt today. Chapter one Bartoloami Dies Round rounds Africa. The
37:43
Speaker 1: year was fourteen eighty eight. A skill navetor named Bartolami
37:47
Speaker 1: Dies commands a small fleet on a mission unlike any before.
37:53
Speaker 1: His goal was simple to describe, but incredibly difficult to achieve.
38:00
Speaker 1: Could a ship sail around the south tip of Africa?
38:05
Speaker 1: After battling fierce storms and powerful Corinthius seceded. He had
38:12
Speaker 1: rounded what is known as the Cape of Good Hope
38:16
Speaker 1: for the first time. Europeans had proof that the Atlantic
38:19
Speaker 1: and Indian Ocean were connected by sea. Comic artists often
38:24
Speaker 1: portrayed this moment dramatically. Towering waves crashes against the ships,
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Speaker 1: dark clouds spral overhead. Then at sunrise, calm waters appear
38:38
Speaker 1: beyond the storm. A new ocean stretches to the horizon.
38:44
Speaker 1: The impossible had to become possible. Chapter two, Vasco da
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Speaker 1: Gama reaches India, only a decayed later another sporer would
38:57
Speaker 1: complete the journey. In fourteen ninety Basco da Gamo departed
39:03
Speaker 1: Portugal with four ships. The vorage was long and dangerous.
39:07
Speaker 1: The fleet crossed the Atlantic round the Cape of Good Hope,
39:11
Speaker 1: sailed up the eastern coasts of Africa across the Indian Ocean.
39:17
Speaker 1: In fourteen ninety eight, Basco da Gama each calcut on
39:22
Speaker 1: the southwest coast of India. The voyage established a direct
39:27
Speaker 1: sea route between Europe and India. For Portugal, it marked
39:32
Speaker 1: the beginning a powerful marianetime trading network. Comic books often
39:38
Speaker 1: illustrate the Gama standing on the deck of his flagship
39:41
Speaker 1: as an unfilmal or city, busting harbors and colorful market
39:46
Speaker 1: come to view. Chapter three, A network across the sea.
39:52
Speaker 1: Portugual soon established trading posts in parts of Africa, India's southwest,
39:58
Speaker 1: Asia and Bia shipped care expices such as pepper, cinnamon,
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Speaker 1: clothes and nutmet silk, porcelain, preston, stone, and other valuable
40:12
Speaker 1: goads also travel across the ocean. The kingdom port became
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Speaker 1: centers of international commerce. Lisbon grew into one of them
40:23
Speaker 1: of Europe's busiest cities. Merchants from many cultures gathered to
40:31
Speaker 1: buy and sell goods from around the world. Imagine a
40:35
Speaker 1: two page comic spread dock workers, unloaded crates, merchant nega prices,
40:43
Speaker 1: sailor tell stories from distant lands. Maps hang from everywhere
40:47
Speaker 1: the world. Sunland feels smaller. Chapter four. Brazil and fifteen
40:53
Speaker 1: hundred Portuguese navigator Pedro Alavez cabre to the coast of
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Speaker 1: it is now Brazil during an expedition intended for India.
41:06
Speaker 1: Portugal claimed the territory, beginning centuries of Portuguese influenced there.
41:13
Speaker 1: Brazil would become the largest Portuguese colony, eventually the world's
41:18
Speaker 1: largest Portugal speaking nation, and forest rivers, people and resources
41:25
Speaker 1: became deeply connected to Portugal history. Comic artists often duplicate
41:32
Speaker 1: the forest encounter with luch tropic landscape filled with unflamiliar
41:36
Speaker 1: plants and animals. These moments were significant, but they also
41:42
Speaker 1: marked the beginning of colony ruled the profiled, affected India
41:48
Speaker 1: its communities. Chapter five Triumph in Consequences. Portuguese marine time
41:55
Speaker 1: implied brought with scientific knowledge and culture through exchange. It
42:01
Speaker 1: also expanded European colony influences and became deeply involved in
42:08
Speaker 1: the translation slave trade. Millions of African men and women
42:12
Speaker 1: and children were forcibly taken from their homes through system
42:17
Speaker 1: in which Portugal trades placed a major role alongside other
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Speaker 1: European powers. This history cannot be separated from the story
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Speaker 1: of global expansion. Modern history encouraged us to understand both
42:34
Speaker 1: the remarkable achievements in navigation and the more human coast
42:39
Speaker 1: of empire. Comic creators today increase tell the story from
42:45
Speaker 1: many perspective, giving voices to explore morchan enslaved people, indigenous communities,
42:54
Speaker 1: and ordinary families whose lives were forever changed. Chapter six,
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Speaker 1: A Lasting Legacy. Portugal's influence spread far beyond policies. Its
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Speaker 1: language traveled across oceans, Its architectural inspired buildings around the world.
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Speaker 1: Its kissing incorporated ingredients and flavored from multiple continues, their continents.
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Speaker 1: Its sailor helped improve maps and navigation for future generations.
43:33
Speaker 1: Worlds intend other languages, music traditions, and Arctic styles cross border.
43:39
Speaker 1: The age of discovery had transferred not only Portugal, but
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Speaker 1: the world's its self. Closing thoughts, history is rarely a
43:49
Speaker 1: story of heroes alone. It is a story of choices
43:55
Speaker 1: of courage and curiosity, of ambition and in evation, but
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Speaker 1: also of a conflict, integration and consequence that echoes across generation.
44:08
Speaker 1: Portugal explorers expanded humanity understanding of the globe. At the
44:14
Speaker 1: same time, colony expansions in the slaves trade reminds us
44:20
Speaker 1: of progression for some often came at great cost to others.
44:25
Speaker 1: Looking back allows us to celebrate extraordinary achievements while honestly
44:31
Speaker 1: confronting difficulty. Chapters of the past like the pages of
44:37
Speaker 1: a thoughtful of graphic not history and riches when every
44:41
Speaker 1: perspective included. Thank you for joining us for Part five
44:46
Speaker 1: of History of Portugal and Comics, and our final episode
44:51
Speaker 1: will join you from the seventeen Lisbon earthquake through revolution, democracy,
44:57
Speaker 1: modern Portugal in the country's vibrant comic cultures before before
45:03
Speaker 1: bringing our story to a close. Until next time, I'm
45:09
Speaker 1: your host and this has been f J after midnight.
45:12
Speaker 1: Good Night, Yeah,